Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1977 Nov;24(2):704–708. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.2.704-708.1977

In vitro transcription of the avian retrovirus genome by the alpha form of the viral RNA-directed DNA polymerase.

M S Collett, D P Grandgenett, A J Faras
PMCID: PMC515984  PMID: 72162

Abstract

The nature of transcription of the avian retrovirus RNA genome by the alpha form of the viral RNA-directed DNA polymerase has been investigated. Transcription was most efficient when Mn2+ was provided as the divalent metal ion. The patterns of DNA transcription using 70S RNA, 35S RNA-tRNAtrp, or 35S RNA-oligo(dT)12-18 template-primer complexes by the alpha DNA polymerase were essentially identical to those obtained using the alphabeta form. The alpha DNA polymerase appears to be deficient in the synthesis of true duplex DNA but is able to synthesize hairpin-structured DNA initiated at the 5' terminus of the viral genome on the tRNAtrp primer molecule.

Full text

PDF
704

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Baltimore D., Smoler D. F. Association of an endoribonuclease with the avian myeloblastosis virus deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase. J Biol Chem. 1972 Nov 25;247(22):7282–7287. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Clayman C. H., Collett M. S., Faras A. J. In vitro transcription of the avian oncornavirus genome by the RNA-directed DNA polymerase: effect of actinomycin D on the extent of transcription. J Virol. 1977 Jul;23(1):209–212. doi: 10.1128/jvi.23.1.209-212.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Collett M. S., Faras A. J. Evidence for circularization of the avian oncornavirus RNA genome during proviral DNA synthesis from studies of reverse transcription in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Apr;73(4):1329–1332. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.4.1329. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Collett M. S., Faras A. J. In vitro transcription of DNA from the 70S RNA of Rous sarcoma virus: identification and characterization of various size classes of DNA transcripts. J Virol. 1975 Nov;16(5):1220–1228. doi: 10.1128/jvi.16.5.1220-1228.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Collett M. S., Faras A. J. In vitro transcription of theavian oncornavirus genome by the RNA-directed DNA polymerase: analysis of DNA transcripts synthesized in reconstructed enzymatic reactions. J Virol. 1977 Apr;22(1):86–96. doi: 10.1128/jvi.22.1.86-96.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dahlberg J. E., Sawyer R. C., Taylor J. M., Faras A. J., Levinson W. E., Goodman H. M., Bishop J. M. Transcription of DNA from the 70S RNA of Rous sarcoma virus. I. Identification of a specific 4S RNA which serves as primer. J Virol. 1974 May;13(5):1126–1133. doi: 10.1128/jvi.13.5.1126-1133.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dube D. K., Loeb L. A. On the association of reverse transcriptase with polynucleotide templates during catalysis. Biochemistry. 1976 Aug 10;15(16):3605–3611. doi: 10.1021/bi00661a031. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Faras A. J., Dahlberg J. E., Sawyer R. C., Harada F., Taylor J. M., Levinson W. E., Bishop J. M., Goodman H. M. Transcription of DNA from the 70S RNA of Rous sarcoma virus. II. Structure of a 4S RNA primer. J Virol. 1974 May;13(5):1134–1142. doi: 10.1128/jvi.13.5.1134-1142.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Faras A. J., Dibble N. A. RNA-directed DNA synthesis by the DNA polymerase of Rous sarcoma virus: structural and functional identification of 4S primer RNA in uninfected cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Mar;72(3):859–863. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.3.859. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Folk W. R., Faras A. J. Initiation of DNA synthesis by the avian oncornavirus RNA-directed DNA polymerase: tryptophan tRNA as the major species of primer RNA. J Virol. 1976 Mar;17(3):1049–1051. doi: 10.1128/jvi.17.3.1049-1051.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Grandgenett D. P. Dissociation of alpha beta DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus by dimethyl sulfoxide. J Virol. 1976 Mar;17(3):950–961. doi: 10.1128/jvi.17.3.950-961.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Grandgenett D. P., Gerard G. F., Green M. A single subunit from avian myeloblastosis virus with both RNA-directed DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Jan;70(1):230–234. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.1.230. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Grandgenett D. P., Green M. Different mode of action of ribonuclease H in purified alpha and alpha beta ribonucleic acid-directed deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase from avian myeloblastosis virus. J Biol Chem. 1974 Aug 25;249(16):5148–5152. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Grandgenett D. P. Purification of the alpha subunit of avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase by polyuridylic acid-sepharose. J Virol. 1976 Oct;20(1):348–350. doi: 10.1128/jvi.20.1.348-350.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Grandgenett D. P., Vora A. C., Faras A. J. Different states of avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase and their binding capacity to primer rRNATrp. Virology. 1976 Nov;75(1):26–32. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90004-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hizi A., Joklik W. K. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase of avian sarcoma virus B77. I. Isolation and partial characterization of the alpha, beta2, and alphabeta forms of the enzyme. J Biol Chem. 1977 Apr 10;252(7):2281–2289. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kacian D. L., Watson K. F., Burny A., Spiegelman S. Purification of the DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1971 Sep 24;246(3):365–383. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(71)90773-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kang C. Y. Characterization of endogenous RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity of reticuloendotheliosis viruses. J Virol. 1975 Oct;16(4):880–886. doi: 10.1128/jvi.16.4.880-886.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Keller W., Crouch R. Degradation of DNA RNA hybrids by ribonuclease H and DNA polymerases of cellular and viral origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Nov;69(11):3360–3364. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.11.3360. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Leis J. P., Berkower I., Hurwitz J. Mechanism of action of ribonuclease H isolated from avian myeloblastosis virus and Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Feb;70(2):466–470. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.2.466. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Leis J. P. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of RNA tumor virus. VI. Processive mode of action of avian myeloblastosis virus polymerase. J Virol. 1976 Sep;19(3):932–939. doi: 10.1128/jvi.19.3.932-939.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. McDonnell J. P., Garapin A. C., Levinson W. E., Quintrell N., Fanshier L., Bishop J. M. DNA polymerases of Rous sarcoma virus: delineation of two reactions with actinomycin. Nature. 1970 Oct 31;228(5270):433–435. doi: 10.1038/228433a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Mizutani A., Temin H. M. Purification and properties of spleen necrosis virus DNA polymerase. J Virol. 1975 Oct;16(4):797–806. doi: 10.1128/jvi.16.4.797-806.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Moelling K. Further characterization of the Friend murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase-RNase H complex. J Virol. 1976 May;18(2):418–425. doi: 10.1128/jvi.18.2.418-425.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Moelling K. Reverse transcriptase and RNase H: present in a murine virus and in both subunits of an avian virus. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1975;39(Pt 2):969–973. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1974.039.01.111. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Mölling K., Bolognesi D. P., Bauer H., Büsen W., Plassmann H. W., Hausen P. Association of viral reverse transcriptase with an enzyme degrading the RNA moiety of RNA-DNA hybrids. Nat New Biol. 1971 Dec 22;234(51):240–243. doi: 10.1038/newbio234240a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Panet A., Haseltine W. A., Baltimore D., Peters G., Harada F., Dahlberg J. E. Specific binding of tryptophan transfer RNA to avian myeloblastosis virus RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jul;72(7):2535–2539. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.7.2535. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Panet A., Verma I. M., Baltimore D. Role of the subunits of the avian RNA tumor virus reverse transcriptase. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1975;39(Pt 2):919–923. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1974.039.01.107. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Papas T. S., Marciani D. J., Samuel K., Chirikjian J. G. Mechanism of release of active alpha subunit from dimeric alpha beta avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase. J Virol. 1976 Jun;18(3):904–910. doi: 10.1128/jvi.18.3.904-910.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Rho H. M., Grandgenett D. P., Green M. Sequence relatedness between the subunits of avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase. J Biol Chem. 1975 Jul 10;250(13):5278–5280. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Rothenberg E., Baltimore D. Synthesis of long, representative DNA copies of the murine RNA tumor virus genome. J Virol. 1975 Jan;17(1):168–174. doi: 10.1128/jvi.17.1.168-174.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Staskus K. A., Collett M. S., Faras A. J. Initiation of DNA synthesis by the avian oncornavirus RNA-directed DNA polymerase: structural and functional localization of the major species of primer RNA on the oncornavirus genome. Virology. 1976 May;71(1):162–168. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90102-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Taylor J. M., Illmensee R. Site on the RNA of an avian sarcoma virus at which primer is bound. J Virol. 1975 Sep;16(3):553–558. doi: 10.1128/jvi.16.3.553-558.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Waite M. R., Allen P. T. RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity of reticuloendotheliosis virus: characterization of the endogenous and exogenous reactions. J Virol. 1975 Oct;16(4):872–879. doi: 10.1128/jvi.16.4.872-879.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Waters L. C., Mullin B. C., Ho T., Yang W. K. Ability of tryptophan tRNA to hybridize with 35S RNA of avian myeloblastosis virus and to prime reverse transcription in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jun;72(6):2155–2159. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.6.2155. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES