Table 5.
Multivariate linear regression analyses showing the association between beverage consumption and total energy intake in Mexican school-age children (n = 2536).
| Variable | Coefficient (SE) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 a | PW consumption (servings) | −1.09 (2.21) | 0.611 |
| SSB consumption (servings) | 112.08 (5.75) | <0.001 * | |
| SSB consumption (servings) 2 | −6.66 (0.82) | <0.001 * | |
| Age (years) | −2.88 (2.00) | 0.150 | |
| Sex (boy = 1) | 1.45 (7.18) | 0.839 | |
| Energy from food (kcal) | 0.99 (0.01) | <0.001 * | |
| SES low b | Reference | ||
| SES Medium | 18.37 (9.01) | 0.042 * | |
| SES High | 38.75 (10.49) | <0.001 * | |
| Area of residence (urban = 1) | 30.36 (7.99) | <0.001 * | |
| Constant | 73.96 (21.69) | ||
| Model 2 c | Low water–high SSBs d | Refererence | |
| High water–high SSBs | −1.009 (14.64) | 0.940 | |
| Low water–low SSBs | −218.72 (11.16) | <0.001 * | |
| High water–low SSBs | −228.71 (12.48) | <0.001 * | |
| Age (years) | −1.88 (2.15) | 0.379 | |
| Sex (boy = 1) | 1.65 (7.86) | 0.833 | |
| Energy from food (kcal) | 1.00 (0.05) | <0.001 * | |
| SES low | Reference | ||
| SES Medium | 17.71 (9.07) | 0.051 | |
| SES High | 36.03 (11.17) | <0.001 * | |
| Area of residence (urban = 1) | 34.41 (8.69) | <0.001 * | |
| Constant | 353.53 (23.75) |
a Model 1. Linear regression model with consumption of PW (plain water) and SSBs (sugar-sweetened beverages) as continuous variables, adjusted by age, sex, energy from non-beverage foods, socioeconomic status and area of residence. The quadratic term SSBs was included; b Socioeconomic status categories calculated using principal components analysis; includes household characteristics, goods and services; c Model 2. Linear regression model with consumption of water and SSBs as four categories of consumption, adjusted by age, sex, energy from non-beverage foods, socioeconomic status and area of residence; d Cutoff point for water and SSB consumption was: (1) low water (<two servings) and high SSB consumption (≥two servings); (2) high water (≥two servings) and high SSB consumption (≥two servings); (3) low water (<two servings) and low SSBs (<two servings) consumption; and (4) high water (≥two servings) and low SSBs (<two servings) consumption. * Significant difference (p < 0.05).