Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, colorectal cancer risk factors, and dietary constituents for participants in the Women’s Health Initiative 1993–2010 1.
| Characteristic | Cases (n = 1952) | Non-Cases (n = 132,065) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, (years) | 66 (6.9) | 63 (7.3) |
| Height (cm) | 162 (6.3) | 162 (6.4) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28 (5.7) | 28 (5.5) |
| Race (%) | ||
| White | 85 | 84 |
| Black | 9 | 8 |
| Other/Unknown 2 | 6 | 8 |
| Education (% college graduate) | 38 | 40 |
| Screening colonoscopy (%) | 49 | 51 |
| Family history of CRC (%) | 19 | 15 |
| NSAID (% current use) | 17 | 19 |
| Alcohol use at baseline (g/day) | 5 (11.3) | 5 (10.8) |
| Never smokers (%) | 49 | 50 |
| Physical activity (MET-h/week) 3 | 12 (12.6) | 13 (13.7) |
| Ever used post-menopausal Hormone therapy (%) | 48 | 56 |
| Dietary intake | ||
| Total energy (kJ/day) | 6766 (2671) | 6787 (2642) |
| Total fiber (g/day) | 16 (6.9) | 16 (6.9) |
| Soluble fiber (g/day) | 4.3 (1.8) | 4.3 (1.8) |
| Pectins (g/day) | 2.5 (1.2) | 2.5 ( 1.2) |
| Insoluble fiber (g/day) | 11.5 (5.1) | 11.8 (5.1) |
| Total fat (g/day) | 60 (32.7) | 59 (32.0) |
| n-3 (g/day) | 1.41 (0.8) | 1.41 (0.8) |
| DHA + EPA (g/day) | 0.12 (0.12) | 0.13 (0.12) |
| n-6 (g/day) | 10.8 (6.2) | 10.7 (6.2) |
| Linoleic acid (g/day) | 10.8 (6.2) | 10.7 (6.1) |
| Linolenic acid (g/day) | 1.3 (0.7) | 1.3 (0.7) |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 803 (439) | 827 (453) |
| Folate (DFE, µg/day) | 478 (206) | 488 (207) |
| Red meat (g/day) | 0.69 (0.57) | 0.67 (0.55) |
1 Means (Standard Deviation) unless otherwise specified; 2 Includes Hispanic, American Indian, Asian/Pacific Islander, Mixed races, and Refused; 3 Total metabolic equivalent-hours/week. CRC, colorectal cancer; DFE, dietary folate equivalents; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.