Inhibition of retinal tissue induction of HIF-1α, VEGF and VEGFR2 by chrysin. The db/db mice were orally supplemented with 10 mg/kg chrysin daily for 10 weeks. The db/m mice were introduced as control animals. Mouse retinal tissue extracts were subject to Western blot analysis with a primary antibody against HIF-1α and VEGF (A). β-Actin protein was used as an internal control. Bar graphs (mean ± SEM, n = 3) in the right panel represent densitometric results of left blot bands. Values not sharing a common letter differ, p < 0.05. Histological sections of mouse retina were immunohistochemically stained using a primary antibody of VEGFR2 (B). The VEGFR2 was identified as FITC-green staining and the sections were counter-stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue) for the nuclear staining. Magnification: 200×. Retinal layers are labeled as follows: neurofiber layer/ganglion cell layer (NFL/GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), and photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS).