Table 2.

Potential negative impacts of non-Apis or Bombus species, including competition for nesting sites and floral resources, co-introduction with pathogens or parasites, pollination of invasive weeds, alteration of resident pollination networks, damage to buildings, and changing pollination of native plant species. Bold and underlined text refers to citations with an empirical component while unbolded text refers to papers that refer to impacts only from a hypothetical standpoint. Light grey shading indicates species for which neither positive nor negative impacts have been recorded, while dark grey indicates species for which only positive impacts have been recorded. “But see” refers to manuscripts that show evidence or describe the opposite of the effect.

Non-native Species	Nesting Sites	Floral Resources	Pathogens/Parasites	Invasive Weeds	Alteration of Pollination Networks	Damage to Buildings	Change Pollination
Colletidae
Chilicola rostrata
Hylaeus albonitens		[76]
Hylaeus hyalinatus				[77]
Hylaeus leptocephalus
Hylaeus punctatus
Hylaeus strenuus		[14]
Hylaeus (Prosopis) variegates ¥
Hyleoides concinna	[15]
Andrenidae
Andrena wilkella
Halictidae
Halictus tectus
Lasioglossum eleutherense
Lasioglossum imbrex
Lasioglossum impavidum		[76]
Lasioglossum leucozonium
Lasioglossum microlepoides
Nomia melanderi
Megachilidae
Afranthidium repetitum
Anthidium manicatum		[73] but see [78]	[73]	[73,78]
Anthidium oblongatum
Anthidium vigintiduopunctatum
Chelostoma campanularum **
Chelostoma rapunculi **
Coelioxys coturnix
Heriades truncorum
Hoplitis adunca
Hoplitis anthocopoides **
Lithurgus bractipes					[26]
Lithurgus chrysurus **						[71,72]
Lithurgus huberi **
Lithurgus scabrosus					[26]
Megachile apicalis **	[19,79],[80]			[81]
Megachile australis					[26]
Megachile concinna **			[82]
Megachile ericetorum
Megachile fullawayi
Megachile gentilis
Megachile lanata
Megachile rotundata **	[79] but see [83],[84],[85]	But see [84]	[19],[86]	[19] but see [84]
Megachile rufipennis
Megachile sculpturalis	[87,88]			[89,90]	[90]
Megachile timberlakei	[22]	[22]			[22]		[22]
Megachile umbripenne					[26]
Osmia caerulescens
Osmia cornifrons			[86]
Osmia cornuta ¥
Osmia ribifloris
Osmia taurus
Pseudoanthidium nana **
Apidae
Amegilla pulchra				[39]
Anthophora plumipes
Braunsapis puangensis		[52]		[28,52],[91]
Centris nitida		But see [56]		[92]
Ceratina arizonensis		[76]
Ceratina cobaltina ¥
Ceratina dallatorreana
Ceratina dentipes		[76]
Ceratina smaragdula		[76]
Euglossa dilemma				[93,94]
Peponapis pruinosa **
Plebia frontalis ¥
Triepeolus remigatus
Xenoglossa strenua
Xylocopa appendiculata			[60]
Xylocopa augusti
Xylocopa sonorina				[39]			[62,95]
Xylocopa tabaniformis parkinsoniae
Xylocopa tranquebarorum			[63,96,97]

** oligolectic; ^¥ establishment uncertain.