Article title: Using discrete choice modeling to evaluate the preferences and willingness to pay for leptospirosis vaccine
Authors: Joseph Arbiol, Mitsuyasu Yabe, Hisako Nomura, Maridel Borja, Nina Gloriani, and Shin-ichi Yoshida
Journal: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Bibliometrics: Volume 11, issue 4, pages 1046–1056
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1010901
An incorrect version of Table 2 was published in the article. The correct version appears here:
The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused.
Table 2.
Model 1: Leptospirosis case Respondents |
Model 2: Non-leptospirosis case Respondents |
Model 3: Pooled dataset |
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Variables | Coeff. | Std. Err. | Coeff. | Std. Err. | Coeff. | Std. Err. |
Random parameters of vaccine attributes in the model | ||||||
EFFICACY of 50-60%a | −2.842*** | 0.318 | −2.157*** | 0.193 | −2.270*** | 0.154 |
EFFICACY of 70-80% | 0.607*** | 0.126 | 0.442*** | 0.079 | 0.479*** | 0.057 |
EFFICACY of 90-100% | 2.235*** | 0.256 | 1.715*** | 0.142 | 1.791*** | 0.127 |
PROTECTION of 2 yearsa | −0.521*** | 0.318 | −0.531*** | 0.077 | −0.500*** | 0.063 |
PROTECTION of 7 years | 0.108 | 0.118 | 0.242*** | 0.065 | 0.144*** | 0.054 |
PROTECTION of 10 years | 0.413*** | 0.116 | 0.289*** | 0.064 | 0.356*** | 0.054 |
SERIOUS RISK of side effectsa | −0.963*** | 0.130 | −0.401*** | 0.075 | −0.559*** | 0.062 |
MODERATE RISK of side effects | 0.337*** | 0.121 | 0.159** | 0.066 | 0.195*** | 0.052 |
MILD RISK of side effects | 0.626*** | 0.129 | 0.242*** | 0.066 | 0.364*** | 0.055 |
Given in 3 SHOTSa | −0.580*** | 0.154 | −0.506*** | 0.129 | −0.453*** | 0.097 |
Given in 2 SHOTS | 0.068 | 0.296 | 0.164 | 0.190 | 0.077 | 0.149 |
Given in 1 SHOT | 0.512*** | 0.188 | 0.342*** | 0.109 | 0.376*** | 0.087 |
Non-random main effects parameters of vaccine attributes in the model | ||||||
Alternative Specific Constant | 2.424*** | 0.994 | 0.255 | 0.476 | 0.317 | 0.395 |
Price | −3.167*** | 0.403 | −3.548*** | 0.251 | −3.291*** | 0.172 |
Socio-demographics & Alternative Specific Constant (ASC) interaction in the modelb | ||||||
AGE*ASC | −0.002 | 0.008 | −0.010** | 0.004 | −0.007 | 0.004 |
EDUCATION*ASC | −0.067 | 0.046 | 0.058** | 0.028 | 0.121 | 0.022 |
FAMILYSIZE*ASC | −0.082 | 0.520 | −0.060** | 0.028 | −0.042 | 0.024 |
INCOME*ASC | 0.015 | 0.011 | 0.012** | 0.012 | 0.010** | 0.004 |
MALE*ASC | 0.121 | 0.422 | 0.200 | 0.199 | 0.527*** | 0.103 |
Living near to a MARKET*ASC | 0.265 | 0.281 | 0.063 | 0.063 | 0.148 | 0.109 |
Living near to a RIVER*ASC | −0.063 | 0.233 | 0.419*** | 0.119 | 0.219** | 0.102 |
Living near to a SEWER*ASC | −0.975*** | 0.282 | −0.232** | 0.118 | −0.314*** | 0.107 |
Leptospirosis AWARNESS*ASC | 1.216** | 0.568 | 0.680*** | 0.235 | 1.040*** | 0.209 |
Derived Standard deviations of the parameter distributions | ||||||
EFFICACY of 70-80% | 0.105 | 9.473 | 0.041 | 3.854 | 0.012 | 0.167 |
EFFICACY of 90-100% | 1.114*** | 0.301 | 0.331 | 0.597 | 0.517 | 0.619 |
PROTECTION of 7 years | 0.070 | 2.414 | 0.004 | 5.776 | 0.006 | 0.168 |
PROTECTION of 10 years | 0.027 | 4.160 | 0.374 | 0.441 | 0.764 | 0.236 |
MODERATE RISK of side effects | 1.080*** | 0.353 | 0.010 | 1.158 | 0.338*** | 0.251 |
MILD RISK of side effects | 0.071 | 2.372 | 0.004 | 4.007 | 0.060 | 0.167 |
Given in 2 SHOTS | 0.443 | 1.407 | 0.009 | 4.906 | 0.011 | 0.232 |
Given in 1 SHOT | 0.209 | 1.384 | 0.968*** | 0.198 | 0.703*** | 0.209 |
Log-likelihood | −865.776 | −2035.251 | −2968.334 | |||
McFadden R2 | 0.424 | 0.323 | 0.342 | |||
No of parameters | 27 | 27 | 27 | |||
χ2 statistics | 1274.252*** | 1941.104*** | 3080.741*** | |||
No of observation | 1368 | 2736 | 4104 |
Notes: ***denotes statistical significance at 1% level and **5% significance level. aBase attribute level. Its coefficient was derived as the negative sum of the coefficients of the other two alternative attribute levels. bThe interaction terms indicate which respondents’ characteristics affect the likelihood of accepting the leptospirosis vaccination program.