Table 1. Immune gene groupings based on immune process and functional class.

Immune process	Genes	Basic role(s)
Cellular	131	Hemocyte-mediated responses to all classes of parasites and pathogens
Encapsulation	36	Initial recognition and coating of parasitoid wasp eggs
Phagocytosis	45	Cellular uptake of bacteria, fungi, and necrotic cells
Epithelial	30	Regulation of bacteria and fungi on epithelial surfaces, including the gut, trachea, and reproductive tract
Humoral	141	Recognition and elimination of bacteria and fungi in the hemolymph through the production of antimicrobial compounds
IMD	57	Humoral pathway that targets mainly Gram-negative bacteria
Toll	61	Humoral pathway that targets mainly Gram-positive bacteria and fungi
JAK-STAT	26	Signaling pathway implicated in viral response, control of hemocyte differentiation, and regulation of humoral response
JNK pathway and wound repair	44	Epithelial repair and cell growth
Melanization and PO production	32	Cell-mediated response that responds to wounding and the detection of parasitoid wasp eggs and microbes
ROS production	14	Production of reactive oxygen species; especially key in epithelial immune regulation
Viral defense	29	Destruction of viruses through RNAi; elimination of virus-infected cells
Functional class	Genes	Basic role(s)
Recognition	58	Initial detection of invading parasites and pathogens. Includes cell-surface (e.g., phagocytosis) receptors as well as humoral-response pattern recognition proteins (e.g., GNBPs and PGRPs)
Signaling	198	Signal transduction following pathogen recognition; negative regulation of immune response; cross talk between pathways
Effector	75	Pathogen destruction or sequestration. Includes AMPs, lysozymes, and ROS

ROS, reactive oxygen species; GNBPs, Gram-negative bacteria binding proteins; PGRPs, peptidoglycan recognition proteins.