Abstract
The presence of a second SigH promoter in the sigA operon of Bacillus subtilis was demonstrated by use of a promoter probe plasmid, a sigH deletion mutant, primer extension studies, and in vitro transcription with E sigma H holoenzyme. Both SigH promoters were expressed at low levels even during the growth phase but were expressed at higher levels during the early stationary phase. Expression from the upstream SigH promoter allowed the expression of both dnaE and sigA genes; however, expression from the downstream SigH promoter, which was located in the ribosome-binding site of the dnaE gene, resulted only in the expression of the sigA gene, since the truncated dnaE ribosome-binding site could not be used for initiating translation. Thus, promoter switching during the early stationary phase resulted not only in expression from SigH promoters but also in differential expression of the genes in the sigA operon.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Alonso J. C. New plasmid vectors for the construction of translational gene fusions in Bacillus subtilis. Gene. 1988 May 30;65(2):325–328. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90470-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Banner C. D., Moran C. P., Jr, Losick R. Deletion analysis of a complex promoter for a developmentally regulated gene from Bacillus subtilis. J Mol Biol. 1983 Aug 5;168(2):351–365. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80023-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carter H. L., 3rd, Moran C. P., Jr New RNA polymerase sigma factor under spo0 control in Bacillus subtilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(24):9438–9442. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.24.9438. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carter H. L., 3rd, Wang L. F., Doi R. H., Moran C. P., Jr rpoD operon promoter used by sigma H-RNA polymerase in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1988 Apr;170(4):1617–1621. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.4.1617-1621.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chang B. Y., Doi R. H. Overproduction, purification, and characterization of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase sigma A factor. J Bacteriol. 1990 Jun;172(6):3257–3263. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.6.3257-3263.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Doi R. H., Wang L. F. Multiple procaryotic ribonucleic acid polymerase sigma factors. Microbiol Rev. 1986 Sep;50(3):227–243. doi: 10.1128/mr.50.3.227-243.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Feavers I. M., Price V., Moir A. The regulation of the fumarase (citG) gene of Bacillus subtilis 168. Mol Gen Genet. 1988 Mar;211(3):465–471. doi: 10.1007/BF00425702. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guzmán P., Westpheling J., Youngman P. Characterization of the promoter region of the Bacillus subtilis spoIIE operon. J Bacteriol. 1988 Apr;170(4):1598–1609. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.4.1598-1609.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hager D. A., Burgess R. R. Elution of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and renaturation of enzymatic activity: results with sigma subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, wheat germ DNA topoisomerase, and other enzymes. Anal Biochem. 1980 Nov 15;109(1):76–86. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90013-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Inoue T., Cech T. R. Secondary structure of the circular form of the Tetrahymena rRNA intervening sequence: a technique for RNA structure analysis using chemical probes and reverse transcriptase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Feb;82(3):648–652. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.3.648. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jaacks K. J., Healy J., Losick R., Grossman A. D. Identification and characterization of genes controlled by the sporulation-regulatory gene spo0H in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1989 Aug;171(8):4121–4129. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.8.4121-4129.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kenney T. J., York K., Youngman P., Moran C. P., Jr Genetic evidence that RNA polymerase associated with sigma A factor uses a sporulation-specific promoter in Bacillus subtilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Dec;86(23):9109–9113. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.23.9109. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leighton T. J., Doi R. H. The stability of messenger ribonucleic acid during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. J Biol Chem. 1971 May 25;246(10):3189–3195. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lewandoski M., Dubnau E., Smith I. Transcriptional regulation of the spo0F gene of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1986 Nov;168(2):870–877. doi: 10.1128/jb.168.2.870-877.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Losick R., Pero J. Cascades of Sigma factors. Cell. 1981 Sep;25(3):582–584. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90164-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moran C. P., Jr, Lang N., LeGrice S. F., Lee G., Stephens M., Sonenshein A. L., Pero J., Losick R. Nucleotide sequences that signal the initiation of transcription and translation in Bacillus subtilis. Mol Gen Genet. 1982;186(3):339–346. doi: 10.1007/BF00729452. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Park S. S., Wong S. L., Wang L. F., Doi R. H. Bacillus subtilis subtilisin gene (aprE) is expressed from a sigma A (sigma 43) promoter in vitro and in vivo. J Bacteriol. 1989 May;171(5):2657–2665. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.5.2657-2665.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wang L. F., Doi R. H. Nucleotide sequence and organization of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase major sigma (sigma 43) operon. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 May 27;14(10):4293–4307. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.10.4293. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wang L. F., Doi R. H. Promoter switching during development and the termination site of the sigma 43 operon of Bacillus subtilis. Mol Gen Genet. 1987 Apr;207(1):114–119. doi: 10.1007/BF00331498. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weir J., Dubnau E., Ramakrishna N., Smith I. Bacillus subtilis spo0H gene. J Bacteriol. 1984 Feb;157(2):405–412. doi: 10.1128/jb.157.2.405-412.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wu J. J., Howard M. G., Piggot P. J. Regulation of transcription of the Bacillus subtilis spoIIA locus. J Bacteriol. 1989 Feb;171(2):692–698. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.2.692-698.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zuberi A. R., Doi R. H. A mutation in P23, the first gene in the RNA polymerase sigma A (sigma 43) operon, affects sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1990 Apr;172(4):2175–2177. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.4.2175-2177.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]