Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1991 Nov 15;88(22):10049–10053. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.22.10049

Characterization of G-protein alpha subunits in the Gq class: expression in murine tissues and in stromal and hematopoietic cell lines.

T M Wilkie 1, P A Scherle 1, M P Strathmann 1, V Z Slepak 1, M I Simon 1
PMCID: PMC52865  PMID: 1946421

Abstract

Murine G alpha 14 and G alpha 15 cDNAs encode distinct alpha subunits of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins). These alpha subunits are related to members of the Gq class and share certain sequence characteristics with G alpha q, G alpha 11, and G alpha 16, such as the absence of a pertussis toxin ADP-ribosylation site. G alpha 11 and G alpha q are ubiquitously expressed among murine tissues but G alpha 14 is predominantly expressed in spleen, lung, kidney, and testis whereas G alpha 15 is primarily restricted to hematopoietic lineages. Among hematopoietic cell lines, G alpha 11 mRNA is found in all cell lines tested, G alpha q is expressed widely but is not found in most T-cell lines, G alpha 15 is predominantly expressed in myeloid and B-cell lineages, and G alpha 14 is expressed in bone marrow adherent (stromal) cells, certain early myeloid cells, and progenitor B cells. Polyclonal antisera produced from synthetic peptides that correspond to two regions of G alpha 15 react with a protein of 42 kDa expressed in B-cell membranes and in Escherichia coli transformed with G alpha 15 cDNA. The expression patterns that were observed in mouse tissues and cell lines indicate that each of the alpha subunits in the Gq class may be involved in pertussis toxin-insensitive signal-transduction pathways that are fundamental to hematopoietic cell differentiation and function.

Full text

PDF
10049

Images in this article

10051Image
on p.10051
10051Image
on p.10051
10051Image
on p.10051
10052Image
on p.10052
10052Image
on p.10052

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Alt F., Rosenberg N., Lewis S., Thomas E., Baltimore D. Organization and reorganization of immunoglobulin genes in A-MULV-transformed cells: rearrangement of heavy but not light chain genes. Cell. 1981 Dec;27(2 Pt 1):381–390. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90421-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Amatruda T. T., 3rd, Steele D. A., Slepak V. Z., Simon M. I. G alpha 16, a G protein alpha subunit specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jul 1;88(13):5587–5591. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.13.5587. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Birnbaumer L., Abramowitz J., Brown A. M. Receptor-effector coupling by G proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990 May 7;1031(2):163–224. doi: 10.1016/0304-4157(90)90007-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bourne H. R., Sanders D. A., McCormick F. The GTPase superfamily: conserved structure and molecular mechanism. Nature. 1991 Jan 10;349(6305):117–127. doi: 10.1038/349117a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Braun J. Spontaneous in vitro occurrence and long-term culture of murine B lymphoblast cell lines. J Immunol. 1983 May;130(5):2113–2116. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Buss J. E., Mumby S. M., Casey P. J., Gilman A. G., Sefton B. M. Myristoylated alpha subunits of guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(21):7493–7497. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.21.7493. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Casey P. J., Fong H. K., Simon M. I., Gilman A. G. Gz, a guanine nucleotide-binding protein with unique biochemical properties. J Biol Chem. 1990 Feb 5;265(4):2383–2390. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Collins L. S., Dorshkind K. A stromal cell line from myeloid long-term bone marrow cultures can support myelopoiesis and B lymphopoiesis. J Immunol. 1987 Feb 15;138(4):1082–1087. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Dennis E. A., Rhee S. G., Billah M. M., Hannun Y. A. Role of phospholipase in generating lipid second messengers in signal transduction. FASEB J. 1991 Apr;5(7):2068–2077. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.5.7.1901288. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gilman A. G. G proteins: transducers of receptor-generated signals. Annu Rev Biochem. 1987;56:615–649. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.003151. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hadwiger J. A., Wilkie T. M., Strathmann M., Firtel R. A. Identification of Dictyostelium G alpha genes expressed during multicellular development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Sep 15;88(18):8213–8217. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.18.8213. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Halliday K. R. Regional homology in GTP-binding proto-oncogene products and elongation factors. J Cyclic Nucleotide Protein Phosphor Res. 1983;9(6):435–448. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Jones D. T., Reed R. R. Golf: an olfactory neuron specific-G protein involved in odorant signal transduction. Science. 1989 May 19;244(4906):790–795. doi: 10.1126/science.2499043. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kozak M. Point mutations define a sequence flanking the AUG initiator codon that modulates translation by eukaryotic ribosomes. Cell. 1986 Jan 31;44(2):283–292. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90762-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Landis C. A., Masters S. B., Spada A., Pace A. M., Bourne H. R., Vallar L. GTPase inhibiting mutations activate the alpha chain of Gs and stimulate adenylyl cyclase in human pituitary tumours. Nature. 1989 Aug 31;340(6236):692–696. doi: 10.1038/340692a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Lyons J., Landis C. A., Harsh G., Vallar L., Grünewald K., Feichtinger H., Duh Q. Y., Clark O. H., Kawasaki E., Bourne H. R. Two G protein oncogenes in human endocrine tumors. Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):655–659. doi: 10.1126/science.2116665. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Ma H., Yanofsky M. F., Meyerowitz E. M. Molecular cloning and characterization of GPA1, a G protein alpha subunit gene from Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(10):3821–3825. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.10.3821. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Magee T., Hanley M. Protein modification. Sticky fingers and CAAX boxes. Nature. 1988 Sep 8;335(6186):114–115. doi: 10.1038/335114a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Paige C. J., Kincade P. W., Ralph P. Murine B cell leukemia line with inducible surface immunoglobulin expression. J Immunol. 1978 Aug;121(2):641–647. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Pang I. H., Sternweis P. C. Purification of unique alpha subunits of GTP-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) by affinity chromatography with immobilized beta gamma subunits. J Biol Chem. 1990 Oct 25;265(30):18707–18712. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Quan F., Thomas L., Forte M. Drosophila stimulatory G protein alpha subunit activates mammalian adenylyl cyclase but interacts poorly with mammalian receptors: implications for receptor-G protein interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 1;88(5):1898–1902. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.5.1898. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Rennick D., Yang G., Gemmell L., Lee F. Control of hemopoiesis by a bone marrow stromal cell clone: lipopolysaccharide- and interleukin-1-inducible production of colony-stimulating factors. Blood. 1987 Feb;69(2):682–691. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Saiki R. K., Gelfand D. H., Stoffel S., Scharf S. J., Higuchi R., Horn G. T., Mullis K. B., Erlich H. A. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):487–491. doi: 10.1126/science.2448875. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Scherle P. A., Dorshkind K., Witte O. N. Clonal lymphoid progenitor cell lines expressing the BCR/ABL oncogene retain full differentiative function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Mar;87(5):1908–1912. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.5.1908. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Schlissel M. S., Corcoran L. M., Baltimore D. Virus-transformed pre-B cells show ordered activation but not inactivation of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and transcription. J Exp Med. 1991 Mar 1;173(3):711–720. doi: 10.1084/jem.173.3.711. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Simon M. I., Strathmann M. P., Gautam N. Diversity of G proteins in signal transduction. Science. 1991 May 10;252(5007):802–808. doi: 10.1126/science.1902986. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Smrcka A. V., Hepler J. R., Brown K. O., Sternweis P. C. Regulation of polyphosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C activity by purified Gq. Science. 1991 Feb 15;251(4995):804–807. doi: 10.1126/science.1846707. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Strathmann M. P., Simon M. I. G alpha 12 and G alpha 13 subunits define a fourth class of G protein alpha subunits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jul 1;88(13):5582–5586. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.13.5582. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Strathmann M., Simon M. I. G protein diversity: a distinct class of alpha subunits is present in vertebrates and invertebrates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Dec;87(23):9113–9117. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.23.9113. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Strathmann M., Wilkie T. M., Simon M. I. Alternative splicing produces transcripts encoding two forms of the alpha subunit of GTP-binding protein Go. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Sep;87(17):6477–6481. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.17.6477. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Strathmann M., Wilkie T. M., Simon M. I. Diversity of the G-protein family: sequences from five additional alpha subunits in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Oct;86(19):7407–7409. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.19.7407. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Taylor S. J., Chae H. Z., Rhee S. G., Exton J. H. Activation of the beta 1 isozyme of phospholipase C by alpha subunits of the Gq class of G proteins. Nature. 1991 Apr 11;350(6318):516–518. doi: 10.1038/350516a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Whiteway M., Hougan L., Dignard D., Thomas D. Y., Bell L., Saari G. C., Grant F. J., O'Hara P., MacKay V. L. The STE4 and STE18 genes of yeast encode potential beta and gamma subunits of the mating factor receptor-coupled G protein. Cell. 1989 Feb 10;56(3):467–477. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90249-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Züiga M. C., D'Eustachio P., Ruddle N. H. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement and transcription in murine T cell hybrids and T lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 May;79(9):3015–3019. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.9.3015. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES