Abstract
An extensive survey of the spectra of iodine has led to a list of more than 900 lines emitted by neutral atoms in the region from 23070 A in the infrared to 1195 A in the extreme ultraviolet. Wavelengths between 12304 A and 2061 A were derived from measurements of spectrograms obtained with gratings of high dispersion. Wavelengths of lines outside these limits are the computed values for lines observed on photometric tracings of the infrared, inaccessible to photography, and in the ultraviolet with a vacuum-grating spectrograph. For many of the lines Zeeman patterns were obtained in a magnetic field of about 37,000 oersteds. With these data many of the lines have been classified as combinations between odd levels from the electron configurations 5s2 5p4 np and 5s2 5p4 nf, and even levels from the configurations 5s2 5p4 ns and 5s2 5p4 nd. Among these levels several sets have been recognized as forming Rydberg sequences that are in close agreement in placing the ground state 5p5 of I i at 84,340 cm−1 below the ground state 5p4 3P2 of I ii. This gives 10.45 electron-volts for the ionization potential of the neutral iodine atom. A strong infrared line at 13148.8 A is explained as a magnetic dipole transition between the levels of the ground term 5p5 2P°.
1. Introduction
The spectra absorbed and emitted by iodine in its atomic and molecular states have been the object of many investigations. In volumes 5 and 8 of his Handbuch der Spectroscopie, Kayser lists 352 papers, which appeared up to 1933, dealing with various aspects of the spectral behavior of this heavy member of the halogen family. Since that date additional papers have appeared, of which some are cited below. But in spite of this abundant material, representing a vast amount of work, knowledge of the first spectrum of iodine, I i, emitted by neutral atoms, has remained scanty and fragmentary, largely owing to the fact that important parts of the spectrum lie in the not easily accessible ultraviolet and infrared regions. It is the purpose of this paper to present a new description of the first spectrum of iodine and an analysis of its term structure.
2. Experimental Procedure
The investigations of the first spectrum of iodine at the Bureau were made at two different times under different experimental conditions. The first series of observations was made more than 30 years ago when chlorine and bromine [1]1 also were being investigated. The light source was a Geissler tube of Pyrex glass into which a small amount of dry iodine vapor could be admitted from time-to-time to replace that which was adsorbed on the walls of the tube or absorbed by its aluminum electrodes. The lamp was similar to that used in the experiments on chlorine and bromine, and was excited to luminescence in the same way, with an uncondensed discharge from the high-voltage side of a 40-kv transformer. The spectrograms were recorded on plates sensitized to the green, orange, red, and infrared regions of the spectrum by bathing ordinary photoplates in solutions of the photosensitizing dyes available at that time; namely, pinaverdol, pinacyanol, dicyanin, and the newly discovered kryptocyanin. The spectrographs carried concave gratings of 21-ft radius of curvature, ruled with 7,500 and 20,000 lines per in. and set up in Wadsworth mountings. Each exposure to the light source was made with one-half the length of the spectrograph slit covered with a colored-glass filter so that both the first-order spectrum and the overlapping second order could be obtained at the same time. Each plate was exposed also to light from the iron arc, in both the first and second orders, to obtain the necessary standard wavelengths for use in deriving the iodine wavelengths. Because the capillary of the discharge became discolored after a run of a few hours, it was necessary to make exposures of nearly 24-hr duration in order to photograph the lines of longest wavelength recorded on the plates.
Measurement of these spectrograms yielded a list of approximately 400 wavelengths, with estimated intensities, extending from 9732 A in the infrared to 3820 A in the ultraviolet. This list was seemingly the most extensive description of the first spectrum of iodine then available and was being prepared for publication when the paper, “The Arc Spectrum of Iodine,” by Evans [2] appeared. A comparison of his list and ours showed that they were essentially identical. This fact and also the fact that his paper contains the first real results for a classification of the iodine spectrum outside of the Schumann region induced us to defer publication of our results until a substantial addition could be made to the description and analysis of the spectrum.
The second series of observations was made at various times during the period from 1953 to 1957. Improved apparatus and new experimental procedures have made it possible to advance the description of the iodine spectrum beyond the limits reached in the earlier work, and also to obtain Zeeman-effect observations that have led to a revision and extension of its term structure. The new light source was an electrodeless discharge tube of the type described by Corliss, Westfall, and Bozman [3]. It was excited to luminescence in a field of 2,450 Me from a microwave oscillator. The plates used to record the spectra were EK types 103a–O–UV, 103 a–O, I–F, I–N, I–Q, and I–Z, according to the region investigated, and, where required, were hypersensitized in an ammonia bath by the method recommended by Burka [4]. Four concave-grating spectrographs and a Hilger E 1 quartz-prism spectrograph were used to obtain the spectrograms. The spectrographs carrying the gratings with 7,500 and 15,000 lines per in. were used for the infrared and red regions where many new strong lines were found. For the shorter regions the grating with 30,000 lines per in. was used as well as the one with 15,000. For the extreme ultraviolet both the Hilger E 1 instrument and a 2-m glass grating ruled with 30,000 lines per in. and mounted in a vacuum chamber were used. All the spectrograms bore exposures to the iron arc or other sources of standard lines to be used in the determination of the iodine wavelengths.
For the Zeeman-effect observations the Weiss water-cooled magnet of the Bureau was used. With a current of 160 amp through the coils and a gap of 5 mm between the pole pieces, a field of approximately 37,000 oersteds was produced. The source between the pole pieces was also an electrodeless lamp of the type mentioned above, but of diameter 4 mm. A Wollaston prism of quartz placed between the light source and the projection lens of the spectrograph separated the two polarizations on the slit, with space between them for a no-field exposure. On plates appropriate for the regions under investigation resolved magnetic patterns were recorded for nearly all the strong lines of I i from 2062 A in the ultraviolet out to 11246 A in the infrared. Zeeman patterns were recorded also for some I ii lines of long wavelength.
3. Results
The observational data and the deductions from atomic theory that are essential for the description of the spectrum of iodine and its term structure are embodied in the tables appended to this paper. In tables 1, 2, and 3 are listed, in the first three columns, the wavelengths of the lines of I i, their estimated intensities and characteristics, and their wave numbers in vacuum. The letters after the intensity numbers have the following significance: c=partially resolved hyperfine structure (hfs); d=double; w=widened line owing to unresolved hfs; h=hazy, diffuse; Z=Zeeman pattern given in table 4. The letters A and B indicate the type of shading displayed by unresolved patterns; thus: A=⩘|\; B=|\/|. The term combinations in the fourth column of the tables are based on g- and J-values derived from the Zeeman-effect patterns of table 4.
Table 1.
Wavelengths and term combinations of I i
| Wave length | Intensity | Wave number | Designation |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| 12304.77 | 10(435) | 8124.71 | 6p —nd 61½ |
| 12136.08 | 5w (180) | 8237.65 | nd 5. 11½—np |
| 12097.44 | 2 | 8263.96 | nd 52½—6p′ |
| 12033.94 | 60 | 8307.57 | 6p —nd 103½ |
| 12023.74 | 8 | 8314.61 | 6s 2P0½—6p |
| 11996.92 | 75(510) | 8333.20 | 6p —nd 103½ |
| 11866.00 | 2 | 8425.14 | nd 5.11½—7p |
| 11779.17 | 8487.24 | 6p —nd 71½ | |
| 11778.01 | 8488.08 | ||
| 11761.74 | 2 | 8499.82 | nd 5.11½—8p |
| 11650.40 | 1w | 8581.05 | nd 52½—8p |
| 11610.60 | 5 | 8610.47 | 6s′ 2D1½—7p |
| 11588.23 | 40(365) | 8627.09 | 6s 2P0½—6p |
| 11558.56 | 100(660) | 8649.23 | 6p —nd 81½ |
| 11538.57 | 2 | 8664.22 | nd 52½—8p |
| 11498.65 | 15 | 8694.30 | 6s′ 2D1½—7p |
| 11486.80 | 8 | 8703.27 | |
| 11465.76 | 25w | 8719.25 | nd 32½—4f |
| 11458.07 | 6 | 8725.09 | nd 32½—4f |
| 11457.08 | 8 | 8725.84 | nd 32½—4f |
| 11451.13 | 50 | 8730.38 | 6p —nd 111½ |
| 11447.72 | 100 | 8732.98 | |
| 11429.56 | 15 | 8746.86 | |
| 11428.40 | 50 | 8747.74 | nd 41½—4f |
| 11420.33 | 75 | 8753.92 | nd 21½—4f |
| 11415.66 | 3 | 8757.50 | nd 21½—4f |
| 11410.07 | 75 | 8761.79 | 6p —nd 161½ |
| 11401.46 | 2 | 8768.42 | nd 32½—4f |
| 11397.98 | 10 | 8771.09 | |
| 11397.28 | 8 | 8771.63 | nd 32½—4f |
| 11396.50 | 10c | 8772.23 | 6p —nd 340½ |
| 11375.25 | 75 | 8788.61 | nd 4.11½—4f |
| 11373.78 | 1 | 8789.75 | 6s 2P0½—6p |
| 11372.10 | 125 | 8791.05 | nd 4.11½—4f |
| 11366.90 | 1 | 8795.07 | nd 41½—4f |
| 11356.37 | 125 | 8803.23 | |
| 11353.67 | 75 | 8805.32 | |
| 11351.81 | 18 | 8806.76 | nd 21½—4f |
| 11347.85 | 100d | 8809.84 | nd 21½—4f |
| 11343.23 | 75 | 8813.42 | 6s 2P1½—6p |
| 11313.27 | 100 | 8836.76 | 6p —nd 172½ |
| 11298.66 | 4 | 8848.19 | |
| 11293.40 | 65d? | 8852.32 | nd 52½—8p |
| 11290.54 | 25w | 8854.56 | nd 21½—4f |
| 11287.49 | 75d | 8856.95 | nd 21½—4f |
| 11271.03 | 1 | 8869.88 | nd 5.11½—8p |
| 11246.77 | 125 | 8889.02 | |
| 11236.56 | 400Z | 8897.09 | 6s 2P1½—6p |
| 11187.21 | 5 | 8936.34 | |
| 11179.11 | 10 | 8942.82 | 6p —nd 111½ |
| 11176.21 | 50 | 8945.14 | 6s′ 2D2½—7p |
| 11172.79 | 8 | 8947.87 | 6s′ 2D1½—7p |
| 11169.39 | 75 | 8950.60 | |
| 11147.15 | 10 | 8968.46 | 6p —nd 271½ |
| 11140.20 | 6 | 8974.05 | 6p —nd 32.20½ |
| 11138.10 | 2 | 8975.74 | |
| 11116.62 | 7 | 8993.09 | |
| 11093.70 | 4 | 9011.66 | |
| 11084.16 | 2 | 9019.42 | 6p —ns 4P2½ |
| 11072.33 | 60 | 9029.06 | 6s′ 2D2½—7p |
| 11059.56 | 4 | 9039.48 | |
| 11053.79 | 15 | 9044.20 | 6p —nd 182½ |
| 11050.04 | 2 | 9047.27 | |
| 11020.60 | 250Z | 9071.44 | 6p —nd 103½ |
| 11017.14 | 100Z | 9074.29 | 6p —nd 191½ |
| 10991.19 | 4 | 9095.71 | 6p —nd 28.21½ |
| 10979.70 | 6 | 9105.23 | 6p —nd 340½ |
| 10970.39 | 4 | 9112.95 | 6p —nd 311½ |
| 10914.32 | 15 | 9159.77 | 6p —8d 4D3½ |
| 10897.87 | 65 | 9173.60 | 6s′ 2D2½—7p |
| 10894.66 | 70 | 9176.30 | |
| 10891.47 | 75d? | 9178.99 | |
| 10889.23 | 18 | 9180.88 | 6p —nd 350½ |
| 10856.80 | 2 | 9208.31 | 6p —nd 321½ |
| 10841.34 | 4 | 9221.43 | 6p —nd 32.20½ |
| 10788.18 | 10 | 9266.87 | |
| 10777.97 | 4 | 9275.65 | 6p —10s 4P2½ |
| 10777.79 | 20 | 9280.98 | 6p —nd 271½ |
| 10722.07 | 2 | 9324.01 | 7s 4P2½—6f |
| 10706.79 | 15 | 9337.31 | |
| 10696.02 | 100 | 9346.72 | nd 5.11½—8p |
| 10685.82 | 100Z | 9355.64 | 6p —nd 19.10½ |
| 10603.64 | 4 | 9428.15 | |
| 10588.59 | 6 | 9441.55 | 6p —nd 380½ |
| 10578.22 | 20 | 9450.80 | |
| 10545.62 | 15 | 9480.02 | nd 5.11½—5f |
| 10539.72 | 50 | 9485.33 | nd 5.11½—5f |
| 10534.95 | 10 | 9489.62 | nd 5.11½—5f |
| 10515.40 | 100 | 9507.27 | 6p —nd 142½ |
| 10494.08 | 30 w, + g? | 9526.58 | nd 5.11½—5f |
| 10487.23 | 10 | 9532.80 | 6p —nd 142½ |
| 10469.23 | 3 | 9549.19 | |
| 10466.54 | 5000Z | 9551.65 | 6s 2P1½—6p |
| 10459.55 | 1 | 9558.03 | |
| 10455.45 | 2 | 9561.77 | |
| 10445.35 | 5 | 9571.03 | 6p —nd 28.21½ |
| 10438.81 | 3, + g? | 9577.02 | |
| 10435.34 | 100d?Z | 9580.10 | |
| 10428.39 | 6 | 9586.60 | 6p —nd 392½ |
| 10416.61 | 75Z | 9597.44 | 6p —nd 111½ |
| 10412.80 | 10 | 9600.95 | 6s′ 2D2½—7p |
| 10391.74 | 400Z | 9620.40 | |
| 10375.20 | 400Z | 9635.74 | |
| 10354.93 | 8 | 9654.60 | |
| 10348.02 | 7 | 9661.04 | 6p —6s″ |
| 10343.20 | 3 | 9665.54 | 6p —nd 311½ |
| 10326.53 | 75 | 9681.15 | 6p —nd 111½ |
| 10325.90 | 100Z | 9681.74 | 6s 4P1½—6p |
| 10322.56 | 100 | 9684.87 | |
| 10318.20 | 35 | 9688.96 | |
| 10313.72 | 4 | 9693.17 | nd 52½—5f |
| 10310.20 | 50 | 9696.48 | nd 52½—5f |
| 10286.07 | 8 | 9719.23 | 6p —8d 4P2½ |
| 10274.34 | 4w | 9730.32 | nd 52½—5f |
| 10266.04 | 5 | 9738.19 | |
| 10242.83 | 10 | 9760.26 | 6p —9d 4D3½ |
| 10241.29 | 20 | 9761.73 | |
| 10238.82 | 1000Z | 9764.08 | 6s 2P1½—6p |
| 10232.06 | 35 | 9770.53 | nd 5.11½—np |
| 10211.60 | 5 | 9790.11 | 7s 4P2½—np |
| 10201.82 | 7 | 9799.49 | nd 4.11½—6p′ |
| 10172.91 | 300Z | 9827.34 | nd 32½—6p′ |
| 10166.00 | 8 | 9834.02 | |
| 10158.64 | 400Z | 9841.15 | |
| 10147.70 | 1 | 9851.77 | 6p —nd 300½ |
| 10141.83 | 100Z | 9857.47 | 6p —nd 150½ |
| 10133.56 | 40 | 9865.51 | nd 21½—6p′ |
| 10132.38 | 3 | 9866.66 | 6p —5d 4D3½ |
| 10131.16 | 750Z | 9867.85 | 6s 2P0½—6p |
| 10126.07 | 7 | 9872.81 | 6p —nd 291½ |
| 10109.70 | 5 | 9888.79 | nd 52½—np |
| 10074.13 | 7 | 9923.71 | nd 41½—np |
| 10066.72 | 7 | 9931.01 | 6p —nd 32.10½ |
| 10050.11 | 2w | 9947.42 | nd 32½—np |
| 10034.64 | 2 | 9962.76 | 6p —nd 372½ |
| 10030.35 | 2 | 9967.03 | 6p —nd 161½ |
| 10023.10 | 22 | 9974.24 | nd 52½—np |
| 10011.68 | 20 | 9985.61 | nd 21½—np |
| 10003.05 | 500Z | 9994.22 | |
| 9992.54 | 85 | 10004.72 | nd 32½—np |
| 9992.24 | 4 | 10005.02 | nd 11½—4f |
| 9963.30 | 400Z | 10034.09 | 6p —5d 4F4½ |
| 9954.63 | 200d | 10042.82 | nd 21½—np |
| 9939.30 | 100 | 10058.31 | nd 11½—4f |
| 9933.25 | 8 | 10064.44 | |
| 9892.35 | 50 | 10106.05 | nd 11½—4f |
| 9889.95 | 40c | 10108.46 | nd 11½—4f |
| 9855.04 | 1 | 10144.31 | nd 32½—8p |
| 9842.75 | 150Z | 10156.98 | 6s 4P1½—6p |
| 9835.52 | 5 | 10164.45 | 6p —nd 300½ |
| 9832.28 | 4 | 10167.80 | nd 41½—7p |
| 9827.53 | 1 | 10172.71 | np —6s″ 2S0½ |
| 9818.10 | 2 | 10182.48 | nd 21½—8p |
| 9817.59 | 1 | 10183.01 | 6p —nd 340½ |
| 9813.53 | 200Z | 10187.22 | 6p —nd 142½ |
| 9808.26 | 1 | 10192.70 | 6p —nd 31.11½ |
| 9800.89 | 100Z | 10200.36 | 6s 2P0½—6p |
| 9787.21 | 2 | 10214.62 | 6p —nd 32.20½ |
| 9774.97 | 10c | 10227.41 | nd 32½—8p |
| 9773.50 | 6 | 10228.94 | 6p —nd 172½ |
| 9772.17 | 7c | 10230.34 | nd 21½—7p |
| 9749.20 | 40cZ | 10254.44 | 6p —nd 172½ |
| 9747.23 | 3c | 10256.51 | |
| 9733.56 | 300 | 10270.92 | 6p —nd 142½ |
| 9731.73 | 5000Z | 10272.85 | 6s 4P2½—6p |
| 9725.47 | 30Z | 10279.46 | 6p —nd 191½ |
| 9710.58 | 8 | 10295.22 | |
| 9701.28 | 5 | 10305.09 | nd 22½—8p |
| 9673.43 | 1 | 10334.76 | 6p —5d 2F3½ |
| 9663.06 | 1 | 10345.86 | 6p —nd 340½ |
| 9653.06 | 3000dZ | 10356.57 | 6s 4P2½—6p |
| 9649.61 | 2000Z | 10360.27 | 6p —5d 2F3½ |
| 9623.21 | 15 | 10388.69 | 6p —8s 4P2½ |
| 9598.22 | 2000Z | 10415.74 | nd 32½—8p |
| 9593.62 | 2 | 10420.74 | 6p —nd 362½ |
| 9579.02 | 20c | 10436.62 | 6p —nd 182½ |
| 9573.22 | 1 | 10442.94 | nd 5.11½—9p |
| 9566.81 | 1 | 10449.94 | 6p —nd 36.10½ |
| 9555.72 | 10 | 10462.07 | 6p —nd 182½ |
| 9528.48 | 18 | 10491.98 | 6p —nd 191½ |
| 9526.90 | 30 | 10493.72 | 6p —8s 2P1½ |
| 9516.92 | 1h | 10504.72 | |
| 9514.07 | 1 | 10507.86 | |
| 9496.69 | 1 | 10527.09 | 6p —nd 32.20½ |
| 9466.34 | 50cZ | 10560.85 | 6p —nd 19.10½ |
| 9438.25 | 1h | 10592.28 | 6p —nd 330½ |
| 9427.15 | 3000Z | 10604.75 | 6p —5d 4D3½ |
| 9426.71 | 4000Z | 10605.25 | 6s 4P0½—6p |
| 9423.42 | 1 | 10608.94 | nd 4.11½—8p |
| 9398.73 | 200c | 10636.82 | nd 32½—8p |
| 9390.14 | 1 | 10646.55 | nd 52½—9p |
| 9379.77 | 2 | 10658.32 | 6p —nd 340½ |
| 9374.34 | 3d | 10664.49 | 6p —nd 392½ |
| 9365.16 | 25c | 10674.95 | nd 21½—8p |
| 9358.69 | 1 | 10682.33 | 6p —nd 380½ |
| 9335.05 | 1000Z | 10709.38 | 6s 4P1½—6p |
| 9321.95 | 200Z | 10724.43 | 6p —nd 150½ |
| 9313.64 | 5 | 10734.02 | 6p —nd 350½ |
| 9227.74 | 600Z | 10833.92 | 6p —nd 161½ |
| 9213.57 | 3 | 10850.58 | nd 5.11½—6f |
| 9201.90 | 12 | 10864.33 | nd 5.11½—6f |
| 9195.07 | 3d | 10872.40 | nd 5.11½—6f |
| 9180.20 | 70Z | 10890.02 | 6p —nd 200½ |
| 9164.38 | 20 | 10908.82 | 6p —nd 172½ |
| 9156.91 | 500Z | 10917.72 | |
| 9150.63 | 3 | 10925.21 | 6p —nd 36.10½ |
| 9128.03 | 600Z | 10952.26 | 6s′ 2D1½—4f |
| 9113.91 | 12000Z | 10969.23 | 6s 2P1½—6p |
| 9098.86 | 1000Z | 10987.37 | 6s 4P1½—6p |
| 9094.50 | 150 | 10992.64 | 6p —nd 172½ |
| 9087.16 | 300Z | 11001.52 | 6s′ 2D1½—4f |
| 9084.70 | 6 | 11004.50 | 6s′ 2D1½—4f |
| 9082.55 | 2 | 11007.10 | 6p —nd 38.21½ |
| 9079.34 | 50Z | 11010.99 | 6s 4P2½—6p |
| 9058.33 | 15000Z | 11036.53 | 6s 4P2½—6p |
| 9047.91 | 20c | 11049.24 | 6s′ 2D1½—4f |
| 9046.90 | 3 | 11050.47 | |
| 9046.36 | 5 | 11051.13 | |
| 9043.85 | 1 | 11054.20 | nd 52½—6f |
| 9042.30 | 15 | 11056.10 | |
| 9034.43 | 2d? | 11065.73 | nd 52½—6f |
| 9032.64 | 3 | 11067.92 | nd 52½—6f |
| 9022.40 | 5000Z | 11080.48 | 6s 4P0½—6p |
| 9018.05 | 10c | 11085.83 | nd 4.11½—8p |
| 9007.77 | 40 | 11098.48 | 6p —5d 2F3½ |
| 9004.39 | 6c | 11102.65 | |
| 8993.13 | 400Z | 11116.55 | 6p —nd 182½ |
| 8969.04 | 300Z | 11146.41 | 6p —nd 191½ |
| 8964.69 | 400Z | 11151.81 | |
| 8925.97 | 225cZ | 11200.20 | 6p —nd 182½ |
| 8902.23 | 60c | 11230.06 | 6p —nd 191½ |
| 8899.72 | 3 | 11233.23 | 6p —nd 212½ |
| 8898.50 | 1000dZ | 11234.77 | |
| 8884.70 | 30c | 11252.21 | |
| 8879.55 | 90d | 11258.74 | 6p —nd 212½ |
| 8878.76 | 75c | 11259.74 | nd 32½—5f |
| 8874.18 | 25 | 11265.56 | nd 32½—5f |
| 8873.86 | 30d | 11265.97 | 6p —nd 21.13½ |
| 8870.66 | 6 | 11270.03 | nd 411½—5f |
| 8868.00 | 75 | 11273.41 | |
| 8865.53 | 1 | 11276.54 | 6s′ 2D2½—4f |
| 8864.95 | 1c | 11277.28 | nd 32½—5f |
| 8862.33 | 1 | 11280.61 | |
| 8858.79 | 3c | 11285.12 | nd 21½—5f |
| 8857.50 | 3000Z | 11286.77 | 6s′ 2D2½—4f |
| 8854.68 | 1c | 11290.36 | nd 21½—5f |
| 8853.80 | 2000Z | 11291.49 | 6p —nd 21.13½ |
| 8853.24 | 1000Z | 11292.20 | 6s′ 2D2½—4f |
| 8852.65 | 50d | 11292.95 | 6s′ 2D2½—4f |
| 8851.30 | 100c | 11294.68 | nd 21½—5f |
| 8848.33 | 80 | 11298.47 | |
| 8847.14 | 250Z | 11299.99 | 6s′ 2D2½—4f |
| 8822.08 | 50c | 11332.09 | nd 22½—5f |
| 8818.89 | 150c | 11336.18 | 6s′ 2D2½—4f |
| 8816.65 | 275cZ | 11339.07 | 6s′ 2D2½—4f |
| 8812.40 | 100d | 11345.82 | |
| 8809.86 | 10 | 11347.80 | |
| 8805.41 | 15d | 11353.54 | 6p —7s 4P0½ |
| 8780.10 | 100c | 11386.27 | 6s′ 2D2½—4f |
| 8748.22 | 250dZ | 11427.76 | |
| 8729.70 | 200c | 11452.01 | nd 32½—np |
| 8700.80 | 500cZ | 11490.04 | nd 21½—np |
| 8680.36 | 10d | 11517.10 | nd 11½—8p |
| 8664.95 | 1500cZ | 11537.60 | nd 32½—np |
| 8642.60 | 200d | 11567.42 | 6s 4P1½—6p |
| 8636.40 | 175dZ | 11575.72 | nd 21½—np |
| 8560.30 | 30d | 11678.63 | nd 5.11½—7p |
| 8551.60 | 1cw | 11690.51 | |
| 8545.52 | 300dZ | 11698.82 | 6p —8s 2P1½ |
| 8503.32 | 2cw | 11756.89 | 6p —nd 200½ |
| 8490.67 | 1cw | 11774.40 | |
| 8486.11 | 1000Z | 11780.73 | 6p —8s 4P2½ |
| 8467.80 | 5 | 11806.21 | 6p —8s 4P2½ |
| 8451.46 | 60d | 11829.03 | 6p —7s 4P1½ |
| 8443.19 | 8c | 11840.61 | |
| 8427.41 | 20c | 11862.80 | 6s 2P0½—7p |
| 8418.95 | 4 | 11874.71 | nd 52½—7f |
| 8416.54 | 50 | 11878.11 | |
| 8414.32 | 40 | 11881.24 | 6p —6d 4P2½ |
| 8413.59 | 5c | 11882.26 | nd 52½—7p |
| 8393.30 | 1000cZ | 11910.99 | |
| 8391.70 | 200Z | 11913.27 | 6p —nd 212½ |
| 8382.49 | 2c | 11926.36 | nd 11½—8p |
| 8352.73 | 40 | 11968.85 | 6p —nd 221½ |
| 8333.19 | 50 | 11996.91 | 6p —nd 212½ |
| 8322.16 | 3c | 12012.38 | nd 41½—9p |
| 8305.80 | 40c | 12036.47 | nd 32½—9p |
| 8289.50 | 60d | 12060.14 | 6s′ 2D1½—6p′ |
| 8285.18 | 8d | 12066.42 | |
| 8279.57 | 2d | 12074.21 | nd 21½—9p |
| 8262.54 | 30 | 12099.50 | |
| 8260.04 | 200Z | 12103.15 | |
| 8258.84 | 1 | 12104.91 | nd 4.11½—9p |
| 8257.74 | 15 | 12106.52 | |
| 8251.08 | 80Z | 12116.30 | 6s 2P0½—7p |
| 8247.74 | 15d | 12121.21 | |
| 8240.05 | 4000Z | 12132.52 | nd 32½—9p |
| 8222.57 | 500dZ | 12158.31 | 6s 4P0½—6p |
| 8213.95 | 50d | 12171.07 | nd 21½—9p |
| 8206.49 | 2 | 12182.28 | nd 4.11½—9p |
| 8187.94 | 30c | 12209.73 | nd 32½—9p |
| 8179.00 | 50d | 12223.08 | 6p —7s 2P0½ |
| 8169.38 | 800cZ | 12237.47 | 6s′ 2D1½—np |
| 8162.22 | 1 | 12248.20 | nd 21½—9p |
| 8105.60 | 50dZ | 12333.76 | 6p —nd 241½ |
| 8090.76 | 1000Z | 12356.38 | 6p —nd 252½ |
| 8065.70 | 300dZ | 12394.77 | 6s′ 2D2½—6p′ |
| 8046.13 | 4 | 12424.75 | 6s′ 2D1½—7p |
| 8043.74 | 100000Z | 12428.61 | 6s 4P2½—6p |
| 8039.85 | 100dZ | 12434.62 | 6s 2P0½—7p |
| 8023.01 | 300Z | 12460.73 | |
| 8009.61 | 2 | 12481.57 | |
| 8003.63 | 1000Z | 12490.90 | 6s 4P0½—6p |
| 7998.01 | 40 | 12499.68 | 6s′ 2D1½—8p |
| 7995.63 | 3 | 12503.40 | |
| 7974.48 | 200Z | 12536.56 | nd 11½—5f |
| 7969.48 | 500Z | 12544.42 | 6p —8s 4P2½ |
| 7968.61 | 5 | 12545.80 | nd 11½—5f |
| 7960.43 | 50d | 12558.68 | 6p —7s 4P0½ |
| 7955.90 | 40dZ | 12565.84 | 6p —8s 2P1½ |
| 7951.99 | 200c | 12572.01 | 6s′ 2D2½—np |
| 7944.85 | 250cZ | 12583.32 | nd 11½—5f |
| 7941.34 | 1 | 12588.87 | |
| 7927.94 | 15c | 12610.15 | |
| 7927.10 | 50c | 12611.49 | nd 4.11½—6f |
| 7922.23 | 20c | 12619.24 | nd 32½—6f |
| 7914.70 | 15c | 12631.25 | nd 32½—6f |
| 7909.08 | 3 | 12640.22 | |
| 7907.86 | 25 | 12642.17 | |
| 7904.45 | 10d | 12647.63 | |
| 7903.27 | 3 | 12649.51 | 6p —8s 2P1½ |
| 7899.41 | 3c | 12655.70 | nd 21½—6f |
| 7897.98 | 600 | 12657.99 | |
| 7892.43 | 15c | 12666.89 | nd 21½—6f |
| 7890.85 | 25c | 12669 42 | nd 21½—6f |
| 7886.00 | 5c | 12677.22 | |
| 7885.72 | 5c | 12677.66 | |
| 7864.56 | 1 | 12711.77 | 6s′ 2D2½—8p |
| 7861.20 | 15 | 12717.21 | |
| 7846.21 | 12c | 12741.51 | |
| 7813.39 | 50 | 12795.03 | 6s′ 2D2½—8p |
| 7792.51 | 4d | 12829.31 | |
| 7789.48 | 5 | 12834.30 | 6s′ 2D2½—8p |
| 7778.39 | 15 | 12852.60 | 6p —9s 4P2½ |
| 7768.13 | 25d | 12869.57 | 6s′ 2D1½—8p |
| 7758.80 | 40d | 12885.05 | 6p —9s 2P1½ |
| 7728.92 | 25 | 12934.86 | |
| 7715.72 | 15c | 12956.99 | nd 21½—7p |
| 7700.20 | 2000cZ | 12983.11 | 6s′ 2D2½—8p |
| 7696.92 | 50c | 12988.64 | |
| 7671.01 | 200dZ | 13032.51 | 6p —nd 21.20½ |
| 7670.02 | 10d | 13034.19 | 6p —7s 4P1½ |
| 7611.16 | 5 | 13134.99 | nd 32½—7p |
| 7604.88 | 200Z | 13145.85 | 6s 4P1½—7p |
| 7588.60 | 400Z | 13174.04 | 6p —nd 221½ |
| 7571.25 | 100 | 13204.24 | 6s′ 2D2½—8p |
| 7556.65 | 500dZ | 13229.74 | 6s 4P1½—7p |
| 7554.18 | 2000Z | 13234.07 | 6p —6d 4D3½ |
| 7547.03 | 5h | 13246.60 | 6p —7s 4P1½ |
| 7539.66 | 200 | 13259.55 | 6p —6d 4D3½ |
| 7531.81 | 200Z | 13273.37 | 6p —6d 4P2½ |
| 7490.52 | 500cZ | 13346.54 | 6s′ 2D1½—8p |
| 7483.97 | 4 | 13358.26 | |
| 7476.45 | 25 | 13371.65 | 6s 4P1½—7p |
| 7468.99 | 5000Z | 13385.01 | 6p —6d 4F4½ |
| 7468.45 | 10 | 13385.98 | |
| 7468.16 | 25d | 13386.50 | 6p —nd 221½ |
| 7448.11 | 2d | 13422.54 | nd 11½—6p |
| 7446.37 | 300dZ | 13425.67 | 6p —7s 4P0½ |
| 7444.91 | 100d | 13428.29 | 6p —7s 2P0½ |
| 7444.08 | 8 | 13429.80 | |
| 7437.41 | 8d | 13441.01 | |
| 7421.98 | 6 | 13469.78 | |
| 7420.01 | 200 | 13473.37 | |
| 7418.90 | 12 | 13475.27 | |
| 7418.26 | 100 | 13476.54 | nd 21½—7f |
| 7416.48 | 500Z | 13479.78 | 6s′ 2D1½—5f |
| 7414.50 | 50 | 13483.38 | 6s 4P1½—7p |
| 7413.60 | 200dZ | 13485.01 | 6s′ 2D1½—5f |
| 7411.20 | 200Z | 13489.38 | 6s′ 2D1½—5f |
| 7410.50 | 1000Z | 13490.66 | |
| 7402.06 | 5000Z | 13506.04 | 6p —nd 233½ |
| 7390.78 | 60c | 13526.65 | 6s′ 2D1½—5f |
| 7385.58 | 15d | 13536.18 | |
| 7384.08 | 150dZ | 13538.92 | 6p —nd 241½ |
| 7341.23 | 20 | 13617.95 | 6p —7d 4P2½ |
| 7336.76 | 1cw | 13626.75 | nd 32½—np |
| 7335.40 | 3 | 13628.77 | 6p —nd 261½ |
| 7333.72 | 5cw | 13631.90 | 6p —nd 26.10½ |
| 7306.15 | 2 | 13683.33 | |
| 7305.43 | 400cZ | 13684.69 | 6s′ 2D1½—np |
| 7286.44 | 40 | 13720.35 | 6p —nd 271½ |
| 7269 97 | 25d | 13751.43 | 6p —nd 241½ |
| 7263 61 | 25 | 13763.48 | 6p —nd 27.12½ |
| 7259.98 | 100cZ | 13770.35 | 6s′ 2D1½—np |
| 7258.06 | 200Z | 13774.00 | 6p —nd 252½ |
| 7243.49 | 25 | 13801.70 | 6s 4P1½—7p |
| 7237.84 | 500Z | 13812.48 | |
| 7236.78 | 1000Z | 13814.50 | 6s′ 2D2½—5f |
| 7235.01 | 200 | 13817.88 | |
| 7233.81 | 100 | 13820.17 | 6p —nd 28.12½ |
| 7231.82 | 200Z | 13823.98 | 6s′ 2D2½—5f |
| 7230.13 | 80 | 13827.21 | 6s′ 2D2½—5f |
| 7228.94 | 30 | 13829.48 | |
| 7227.30 | 700Z | 13832.62 | 6s′ 2D2½—5f |
| 7221.10 | 5 | 13844.50 | 6s′ 2D2½—5f |
| 7212.50 | 20c | 13861.00 | 6s′ 2D2½—5f |
| 719Z 52 | 300cZ | 13899.51 | 6p —nd 21.20½ |
| 7191.66 | 400dZ | 13901.17 | 6p —7s 4P1½ |
| 7182.79 | 300 | 13918.34 | nd 11½—6f |
| 7178.03 | 30 | 13927.56 | nd 11½—6f |
| 7177.35 | 30d | 13928.89 | nd 11½—6f |
| 7164.79 | 1000Z | 13953.30 | 6p —6d 4P2½ |
| 7148.63 | 400cZ | 13984.84 | 6p —7s 4P1½ |
| 7142.06 | 2000Z | 13997.71 | 6p —6d 4D3½ |
| 7137.12 | 10 | 14007.39 | |
| 7135.55 | 60 | 14010.48 | 6p —nd 28.21½ |
| 7131.06 | 10cw | 14019.32 | 6s′ 2D2½—np |
| 7122.05 | 1200Z | 14037.04 | 6p —6d 4P2½ |
| 7120.05 | 500Z | 14040.98 | 6p —nd 221½ |
| 7107.43 | 65c | 14065.91 | nd 21½—np |
| 7095.17 | 80 | 14090.22 | 6p —9s 2P1½ |
| 7087.76 | 200c | 14104.95 | 6s′ 2D2½—np |
| 7085.05 | 5c | 14110.34 | 6s 2P0½—4f |
| 7077.87 | 300 | 14124.65 | 6p —nd 221½ |
| 7063.59 | 300Z | 14153.21 | 6s 4P0½—7p |
| 7055.30 | 20 | 14169.84 | 6s 2P0½—4f |
| 7045.11 | 5 | 14190.34 | 6p —10s 4P2½ |
| 7031.62 | 8w | 14217.56 | 6s 2P0½—4f |
| 7030.40 | 5 | 14220.02 | 6s 2P0½—4f |
| 7018.42 | 30 | 14244.30 | 6p —nd 233½ |
| 7018.24 | 100 | 14244.66 | 6p —9s 4P2½ |
| 7010.20 | 20 | 14261.00 | |
| 7006.16 | 5 | 14269.23 | 6s′ 2D1½—9p |
| 6993.41 | 100d | 14295.24 | 6p —7s 2P0½ |
| 6991.89 | 30 | 14298.34 | |
| 6989.78 | 500 | 14302.66 | 6p —9s 2P1½ |
| 6986.51 | 400 | 14309.36 | |
| 6985.13 | 40 | 14312.18 | 6p —nd 291½ |
| 6959.09 | 50 | 14365.73 | 6s′ 2D1½—9p |
| 6940.98 | 50d | 14403.22 | |
| 6939.71 | 8w | 14405.86 | 6p —nd 241½ |
| 6939.21 | 15c | 14406.90 | 6s 4P0½—7p |
| 6928.82 | 100 | 14428.50 | 6p —nd 252½ |
| 6922.05 | 2 | 14442.62 | 6s′ 3D1½—9p |
| 6899.61 | 20d | 14489.58 | 6p —nd 241½ |
| 6856.75 | 50 | 14580.15 | 6p —nd 311½ |
| 6849.46 | 10 | 14595.66 | |
| 6845.63 | 40 | 14603.84 | |
| 6843.07 | 15 | 14609.29 | |
| 6832.42 | 1 | 14632.07 | 6p —nd 31.11½ |
| 6831.56 | 3 | 14633.90 | 6p —8d 4P2½ |
| 6812.30 | 50 | 14675.29 | 6p —nd 321½ |
| 6808.85 | 10 | 14682.71 | 6p —nd 32.10½ |
| 6789.23 | 60Z | 14725.15 | 6s 4P0½—7p |
| 6788.04 | 20 | 14727.72 | nd 11½—7f |
| 6784.58 | 50 | 14735.25 | nd 11½—7p |
| 6765.27 | 2 | 14777.30 | 6s′ 2D2½—9p |
| 6741.52 | 300c | 14829.36 | |
| 6739.44 | 100 | 14833.94 | 6p —nd 261½ |
| 6738.05 | 100d | 14837.00 | 6p —nd 26.10½ |
| 6736.53 | 100 | 14840.35 | |
| 6732.03 | 400Z | 14850.27 | 6s′ 2D1½—6f |
| 6726.92 | 200cZ | 14861.55 | 6s′ 2D1½—6f |
| 6722.73 | 20cw | 14870.81 | 6s′ 2D1½—6f |
| 6722.12 | 8cw | 14872.15 | 6s′ 2D1½—6f |
| 6702.35 | 5c | 14916.02 | nd 11½—np 6f |
| 6698.56 | 25Z | 14924.47 | 6s′ 2D2½—9p |
| 6698.46 | 200Z | 14924.69 | 6p —9s 4P2½ |
| 6698.10 | 60 | 14925.49 | 6p —nd 271½ |
| 6697.29 | 500cZ | 14927.30 | |
| 6683.92 | 50 | 14957.16 | 6p —9s 2P1½ |
| 6662.10 | 400Z | 15006.15 | 6p —7d 4D3½ |
| 6661.11 | 500Z | 15008.38 | 6p —9s 4P2½ |
| 6660.34 | 100 | 15010.11 | 6p —7d 4P2½ |
| 6650.79 | 50 | 15031.66 | |
| 6644.26 | 30 | 15046.43 | 6p —nd 261½ |
| 6619.66 | 5000Z | 15102.35 | 6p —7d 4F4½ |
| 6604.07 | 18c | 15138.00 | 6p —nd 271½ |
| 6598.08 | 12c | 15151.74 | 6s′ 2D1½—7p |
| 6588.67 | 4 | 15173.38 | 6p —nd 350½ |
| 6585.27 | 1000Z | 15181.22 | 6p —nd 27.12½ |
| 6583.75 | 2000Z | 15184.73 | 6s′ 2D2½—6f |
| 6582.92 | 300 | 15186.64 | 6s′ 2D2½—6f |
| 6581.30 | 25 | 15190.37 | |
| 6580.53 | 200 | 15192.16 | |
| 6578.78 | 50 | 15196.20 | 6s′ 2D2½—6f |
| 6577.68 | 100d | 15198.74 | |
| 6575.35 | 80 | 15204.13 | |
| 6574.21 | 20cw | 15206.75 | 6s′ 2D2½—6f |
| 6570.38 | 150Z | 15215.62 | 6p —nd 28.21½ |
| 6566.49 | 1000Z | 15224.64 | 6p —nd 283½ |
| 6564.80 | 200cZ | 15228.56 | 6s —6p′ |
| 6560.82 | 300Z | 15237.79 | 6p —nd 28.12½ |
| 6547.34 | 50 | 15269.17 | |
| 6489.11 | 6 | 15406.18 | 6s 2P0½—np |
| 6488.10 | 300Z | 15408.58 | 6s 2P1½—6p |
| 6479.89 | 60 | 15428.11 | 6p —nd 28.21½ |
| 6479.24 | 50 | 15429.65 | 6p —nd 372½ |
| 6477.39 | 20 | 15434.06 | 6p —nd 381½ |
| 6455.00 | 50Z | 15487.60 | 6s 4P1½—4f |
| 6442.58 | 30 | 15517.45 | 6p —nd 291½ |
| 6434.49 | 40Z | 15536.96 | 6s 4P1½—4f |
| 6433.28 | 30Z | 15539.88 | 6s 4P1½—4f |
| 6415.70 | 100 | 15582.46 | |
| 6414.80 | 12d | 15584.64 | 6s 4P1½—4f |
| 6413.84 | 12d | 15586.98 | 6s 4P1½—4f |
| 6411.22 | 50cZ | 15593.35 | 6s 2P0½—7p |
| 6378.70 | 200 | 15672.85 | 6s′ 2D2½—np |
| 6376.33 | 80d | 15678.68 | 6s′ 2D1½—7p |
| 6371.68 | 400Z | 15690.12 | 6p —7d 4P2½ |
| 6367.28 | 400dZ | 15700.96 | 6p —nd 261½ |
| 6366.67 | 5c | 15702.47 | 6s′ 2D2½—7p |
| 6366.05 | 10cw | 15703.98 | |
| 6359.16 | 500Z | 15721.31 | 6s 2P1½—6p |
| 6355.57 | 150 | 15729.89 | 6p —nd 291½ |
| 6339.44 | 1000Z | 15769.91 | 6p —7d 4D3½ |
| 6337.85 | 2000Z | 15773.87 | 6p —7d 4P2½ |
| 6333.50 | 400 | 15784.70 | 6p —nd 261½ |
| 6330.37 | 800Z | 15792.51 | 6p —nd 271½ |
| 6323.82 | 70 | 15808.86 | 6p —nd 300½ |
| 6313.13 | 500Z | 15835.63 | 6p —nd 27.12½ |
| 6312.50 | 100 | 15837.21 | 6p —nd 31.11½ |
| 6303.93 | 1 | 15858.74 | 6s′ 2D1½—np |
| 6297.00 | 100dZ | 15876.20 | 6p —nd 271½ |
| 6295.24 | 30 | 15880.63 | 6p —nd 321½ |
| 6293.98 | 1000Z | 15883.81 | 6s 2P1½—6p |
| 6292.36 | 10cw, Iii? | 15887.90 | 6p —nd 32.10½ |
| 6290.61 | 100 | 15892.32 | 6p —nd 28.12½ |
| 6280.03 | 2w | 15919.10 | 6p —nd 27.12½ |
| 6262.78 | 40 | 15962.94 | 6p —nd 283½ |
| 6259.12 | 25 | 15972.27 | |
| 6249.14 | 40 | 15997.78 | 6p —nd 311½ |
| 6246.14 | 200 | 16005.53 | 6s′ 2D2½—7f |
| 6245.38 | 80 | 16007.42 | |
| 6244.72 | 40 | 16009.10 | |
| 6244.48 | 800Z | 16009.72 | 6s′ 2D2½—7f |
| 6244.00 | 100 | 16010.96 | |
| 6243.17 | 50d | 16013.08 | 6s′ 2D2½—7p |
| 6242.70 | 10 | 16014.29 | 6s′ 2D2½—10p |
| 6240.83 | 200 | 16019.09 | 6p —8d 4D3½ |
| 6238.12 | 8 | 16026.04 | 6p 4P2½ |
| 6233.50 | 100Z | 16037.92 | 6s 2P0½—8p |
| 6230.91 | 20 | 16044.58 | 6p —8d 4D3½ |
| 6228.91 | 4h | 16049.73 | 6p —nd 31.11½ |
| 6228.20 | 40 | 16051.57 | 6p —8d 4P2½ |
| 6216.17 | 1c | 16082.62 | 6p —nd 28.21½ |
| 6213.10 | 500Z | 16090.58 | 6p —8d 4F4½ |
| 6212.14 | 3c | 16093.06 | 6p —nd 321½ |
| 6191.88 | 800Z | 16145.73 | |
| 6183.98 | 5c | 16166.34 | 6p —nd 28.21½ |
| 6173.62 | 3h | 16193.48 | 6s′ 2D2½—np |
| 6168.71 | 3 | 16206.37 | |
| 6147.43 | 50 | 16262.47 | 6p —10s 4P2½ |
| 6115.97 | 100Z | 16346.12 | 6p —10s 4P2½ |
| 6101.71 | 20 | 16384.31 | |
| 6082.43 | 1000Z | 16436.26 | 6s 2P1½—6p |
| 6073.46 | 50Z | 16460.53 | 6s 4P0½—4f |
| 6055.96 | 80Z | 16508.10 | 6S 4P0½—4f |
| 6055.03 | 30d | 16510.63 | 6s 4P0½—4f |
| 6053.49 | 300dZ | 16514.83 | 6s 2P0½—8p |
| 6044.41 | 60 | 16539.64 | |
| 6042.71 | 100 | 16544.30 | |
| 6041.24 | 10 | 16548.31 | |
| 6024.08 | 2000dZ | 16595.46 | |
| 6015.37 | 40 | 16619.49 | 6p —9d 4D3½ |
| 6004.99 | 20 | 16648.22 | 6s 2P0½—5f |
| 6003.54 | 3 | 16652.23 | 6p —nd 311½ |
| 5984.86 | 300 | 16704.21 | |
| 5984.23 | 200 | 16705.97 | 6p —8d 4P2½ |
| 5981.26 | 40Z | 16714.26 | 6s 2P1½—6p |
| 5980.84 | 100 | 16715.44 | 6s 4P1½—np |
| 5976.53 | 12 | 16727.48 | 6p —nd 362½ |
| 5973.50 | 60 | 16735.98 | 6p —nd 311½ |
| 5969.36 | 1 | 16747.58 | 6p —nd 321½ |
| 5968.26 | 150 | 16750.67 | |
| 5967.81 | 4 | 16751.92 | 6p —nd 38.21½ |
| 5967.46 | 3 | 16752.92 | 6p —nd 362½ |
| 5966.76 | 100 | 16754.88 | 6p —nd 32.10½ |
| 5960.40 | 300cZ | 16772.76 | 6s 4P1½—np |
| 5956.87 | 300 | 16782.70 | |
| 5955.00 | 50 | 16787.96 | |
| 5954.38 | 150 | 16789.72 | 6p —8d 4P2½ |
| 5947.78 | 2 | 16808.34 | |
| 5943.07 | 1 | 16821.67 | 6p —nd 372½ |
| 5934.03 | 25 | 16847.29 | 6p —nd 372½ |
| 5932.02 | 8cw | 16853.00 | 6s 2P0½—np |
| 5911.17 | 20 | 16912.45 | 6s 4P1½—8p |
| 5894 03 | 2000Z | 16961.63 | 6s 2P1½—6p |
| 5882.24 | 70Z | 16995.62 | 6s 4P1½—8p |
| 5868.68 | 3 | 17034.90 | 6s 4P1½—8p |
| 5845.04 | 6 | 17103.98 | 6p —nd 330½ |
| 5829.85 | 50 | 17148.36 | 6p —10d 4F4½ |
| 5823.20 | 50 | 17167.94 | 6p —11s 4P2½ |
| 5810.19 | 5h | 17206.37 | 6p —nd 402½ |
| 5780.65 | 80Z | 17294.31 | 6s 2P1½—6p |
| 5764.33 | 1000dZ | 17343.27 | 6s 4P2½—6p |
| 5751.06 | 100 | 17383.29 | |
| 5743.90 | 150Z | 17404.96 | 6s 4P1½—8p |
| 5742.98 | 30 | 17407.74 | 6p —nd 362½ |
| 5732.66 | 6cw | 17439.07 | |
| 5715.55 | 40 | 17491.29 | 6p —nd 362½ |
| 5706.05 | 5 | 17520.40 | |
| 5684.92 | 5 | 17585.52 | 6p —nd 372½ |
| 5683.48 | 4 | 17589.98 | |
| 5682.00 | 5 | 17594.55 | 6p —nd 38.12½ |
| 5674.14 | 2 | 17618.93 | 6p —nd 38.21½ |
| 5637.00 | 3 | 17735.01 | 6p —nd 392½ |
| 5597.28 | 2 | 17860.87 | 6p —nd 402½ |
| 5590.65 | 30cw | 17882.05 | 6s 4P1½—8p |
| 5590.20 | 8cw | 17883.50 | 6s 4P0½—7r |
| 5586.36 | 400cZ | 17895.79 | 6s 4P2½—6p |
| 5579.05 | 40 | 17919.24 | 6s 4P0½—8p |
| 5549.32 | 25 | 18015.24 | 6s 4P1½—5f |
| 5546.41 | 70 | 18024.69 | 6s 4P1½—5f |
| 5544.80 | 1 | 18029.92 | 6s 2P0½—6f |
| 5536.03 | 1 | 18058.47 | 6s —6s″ |
| 5534.98 | 10h | 18061.91 | 6s 4P1½—5f |
| 5500.95 | 150cZ | 18173.64 | 6s 4P2½—6p |
| 5486.94 | 3d | 18220.03 | 6s 4P1½—np |
| 5461.24 | 7hl | 18305.79 | 6s 4P1½—np |
| 5427.94 | 10 | 18418.08 | |
| 5427.06 | 600c | 18421.08 | 6s 4P2½—6p |
| 5316.36 | 1 | 18804.64 | 6s 4P1½—9p |
| 5300.99 | 25 | 18859.15 | |
| 5297.17 | 20Z | 18872.77 | 6s 2P1½—7p |
| 5278.73 | 10 | 18938.69 | 6s 4P0½—5f |
| 5273.72 | 30Z | 18956.69 | 6s 2P1½—7p |
| 5265.69 | 40Z | 18985.59 | 6s 4P0½—5f |
| 5238.26 | 20 | 19085.01 | |
| 5234.57 | 1000Z | 19098.46 | 6s 2P1½—7p |
| 5204.15 | 300Z | 19210.10 | 6s 2P1½—7p |
| 5196.77 | 10 | 19237.38 | 6s 2P0½—7p |
| 5194.86 | 1 | 19244.44 | 6s 2P0½—7p |
| 5154.03 | 3 | 19396.90 | 6s 4P1½—6f |
| 5153.37 | 3 | 19399.39 | 6s 4P1½—6f |
| 5145.52 | 400Z | 19428.98 | 6s 2P0½—np |
| 5119.29 | 10000Z | 19528.53 | 6s 2P1½—7p |
| 5029.34 | 4 | 19877.58 | 6s 4P1½—10p |
| 4947.59 | 15 | 20206.24 | 6s 4P1½—7f |
| 4945.74 | 7 | 20213.79 | 6s 4P1½—7p |
| 4919.80 | 3 | 20320.37 | 6s 4P0½—6f |
| 4916.94 | 200Z | 20332.19 | 6s 4P2½—7p |
| 4902.00 | 75Z | 20394.16 | 6s 4P1½—np |
| 4896.75 | 200 | 20416.02 | 6s 4P2½—7p |
| 4882.68 | 12 | 20474.86 | |
| 4874.55 | 2 | 20509.00 | |
| 4862.96 | 60Z | 20557.88 | 6s 4P2½—7p |
| 4862.32 | 1000Z | 20560.59 | 6s 4P2½—7p |
| 4850.51 | 60Z | 20610.65 | 6s 4P0½—7p |
| 4850.35 | 50Z | 20611.37 | 6s 4P1½—7p |
| 4827.57 | 35Z | 20708.59 | |
| 4802.46 | 5 | 20816.86 | |
| 4800.20 | 50 | 20826.66 | 6s 4P0½—7p |
| 4763.31 | 250Z | 20987.95 | 6s 4P2½—7p |
| 4701.52 | 5 | 21263.79 | 6s 2P1½—4f |
| 4700.88 | 40Z | 21266.68 | 6s 2P1½—4f |
| 4690.90 | 20c | 21311.92 | 6s 2P1½—4f |
| 4690.49 | 35Z | 21313.79 | 6s 2P1½—4f |
| 4643.84 | 1 | 21527.89 | 6s 4P0½—7p |
| 4642.32 | 8 | 21534.94 | 6s 4P0½—7p |
| 4602.86 | 12 | 21719.56 | 6s 4P0½—np |
| 4478.56 | 100Z | 22322.36 | 6s 2P1½—6p′ |
| 4443.26 | 15d | 22499.70 | 6s 2P1½—np |
| 4409.12 | 15Z | 22673.92 | 6s 4P2½—4f |
| 4408.95 | 20 | 22674.78 | |
| 4407.94 | 25Z | 22679.96 | 6s 4P2½—4f |
| 4407.86 | 20c, Z | 22680.38 | 6s 4P2½—4f |
| 4406.54 | 10Z | 22687.19 | |
| 4398.99 | 40cZ | 22726.13 | 6s 4P2½—4f |
| 4392.09 | 40Z | 22761.83 | 6s 2P1½—8p |
| 4389.85 | 5c | 22773.44 | 6s 4P2½—4f |
| 4321.84 | 500dZ | 23131.81 | 6s 2P1½—8p |
| 4318.36 | 3 | 23150.45 | |
| 4317.52 | 2 | 23154.95 | |
| 4292.36 | 3d | 23290.68 | |
| 4282.75 | 10d | 23342.94 | |
| 4273.36 | 4 | 23394.23 | |
| 4265.33 | 2 | 23438.27 | |
| 4234.54 | 75dZ | 23608.69 | 6s 2P1½—8p |
| 4209.82 | 30Z | 23747.32 | 6s 2P1½—5f |
| 4209.06 | 20 | 23751.60 | 6s 2P1½—5f |
| 4203.72 | 35dZ | 23781.78 | 6s 4P2½—6p′ |
| 4202.51 | 8d | 23788.62 | 6s 2P1½—5f |
| 4189.16 | 4 | 23864.43 | |
| 4174.70 | 1 | 23947.09 | 6s 2P1½—np |
| 4172.61 | 5w | 23959.08 | 6s 4P2½—np |
| 4159.85 | 25c | 24032.58 | 6s 2P1½—np |
| 4148.41 | 75dZ | 24098.85 | 6s 4P2½—8p |
| 4134.15 | 100dZ | 24181.97 | 6s 4P2½—8p |
| 4129.21 | 200Z | 24210.90 | |
| 4127.43 | 15 | 24221.34 | 6s 4P2½—8p |
| 4125.08 | 3w | 24235.14 | |
| 4102.23 | 200 | 24370.13 | 6s 4P2½—8p |
| 4069.48 | 8 | 24566.25 | |
| 4065.33 | 40d | 24591.33 | 6s 4P2½—8p |
| 4059.27 | 15 | 24628.04 | 6s 2P1½—9p |
| 4046.63 | 80 | 24704.97 | 6s 2P1½—9p |
| 3990.82 | 2w | 25050.45 | |
| 3978.76 | 10 | 25126.38 | 6s 2P1½—6f |
| 3977.52 | 5w | 25134.21 | 6s 2P1½—6f |
| 3964.89 | 20c | 25214.27 | 6s 4P2½—5f |
| 3934.91 | 20 | 25406.37 | 6s 4P2½—np |
| 3933.73 | 2 | 25413.93 | 6s 2P1½—7p |
| 3921.68 | 55d | 25492.08 | 6s 4P2½—np |
| 3918.60 | 6 | 25512.12 | |
| 3902.02 | 6 | 25620.52 | |
| 3900.55 | 8 | 25630.17 | 6s 2P1½—7p |
| 3893.84 | 20 | 25674.34 | |
| 3853.86 | 4 | 25940.68 | 6s 2P1½—7p |
| 3847.63 | 15 | 25982.68 | |
| 3846.41 | 25d | 25990.92 | 6s 4P2½—9p |
| 3840.95 | 50 | 26027.87 | |
| 3827.24 | 20 | 26121.11 | 6s 2P1½—np |
| 3820.91 | 25d | 26164.38 | 6s 4P2½—9p |
| 3796.69 | 15 | 26331.29 | 6s 2P1½—7p |
| 3762.04 | 6w | 26573.80 | 6s 4P2½—6f |
| 3760.34 | 3w | 26585.81 | 6s 4P2½—6f |
| 3698.10 | 2w | 27033.25 | |
| 3694.42 | 1 | 27060.17 | 6s 4P2½—np |
| 3693.90 | 20d | 27063.98 | 6s 4P2½—10p |
| 3690.42 | 8d | 27089.50 | 6s 4P2½—7p |
| 3684.42 | 5 | 27133.62 | |
| 3648.59 | 1w | 27400.07 | 6s 4P2½—7p |
| 3624.72 | 5c | 27580.50 | 6s 4P2½—np |
| 3607.55 | 5w | 27711.77 | |
| 3597.29 | 3w | 27790.80 | 6s 4P2½—7p |
| 3596.39 | 1w | 27797.76 | 6s 4P2½—7p |
| 3552.78 | 3w | 28138.96 | |
| 2061.633 | 2000 | 48489.73 | 5p5 —6s 2P1½ |
Table 2.
Infrared lines of I i
| Computed wave length | Intensity | Wave number | Designation |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| 23070.01 | 95 | 4333.45 | 5d 4D3½—5f |
| 23001.54 | 100 | 4346.35 | 7p —nd 241½ |
| 22308.77 | 150 | 4481.32 | 6p —nd 52½ |
| 22226.19 | 250 | 4497.97 | 6p —nd 5.11½ |
| 22182.49 | 375 | 4506.83 | 6p —nd 52½ |
| 21569.51 | 110 | 4634.91 | 6p —nd 191½ |
| 20153.00 | 30 | 4960.69 | 6s 4P0½—6p |
| 19910.52 | 45 | 5021.10 | nd 132½—5f |
| 19835.64 | 15 | 5040.05 | nd 52½—7p |
| 19824.93 | 10 | 5042.78 | nd 52½—7p |
| 19426.10 | 15 | 5146.31 | 6s′ 2D1½—6p |
| 19370.06 | 260 | 5161.20 | |
| 19105.35 | 300 | 5232.71 | 6p —7s 2P1½ |
| 19072.11 | 220 | 5241.83 | |
| 19060.64 | 10 | 5244.98 | 6p —nd 52½ |
| 18982.85 | 35 | 5266.48 | nd 5.11½—7p |
| 18634.52 | 10 | 5364.92 | 6p —nd 5.11½ |
| 18348.37 | 240 | 5448.59 | 6p —nd 5.11½ |
| 18276.25 | 110 | 5470.09 | nd 52½—7p |
| 16213.94 | 110 | 6165.85 | 6s 4P0½—6p |
| 16192.66 | 30 | 6173.96 | 6s′ 2D1½—6p |
| 16038.15 | 400 | 6233.44 | 6p —7s 4P2½ |
| 15972.67 | 115 | 6258.95 | 6p —7s 4P2½ |
| 15583.89 | 250 | 6415.13 | 6p —nd 71½ |
| 15528.30 | 280 | 6438.10 | |
| 15074.52 | 125 | 6631.90 | nd 111½—6f |
| 15052.50 | 25 | 6641.60 | nd 21½—7p |
| 15032.73 | 310 | 6650.34 | 6p —7s 2P1½ |
| 14460.38 | 275 | 6913.56 | |
| 14287.74 | 400 | 6997.10 | 6p —7s 4P2½ |
| 14272.18 | 220 | 7004.73 | nd 5.11½—4f |
| 14176.65 | 50 | 7051.93 | nd 5.11½—4f |
| 13970.89 | 35 | 7156.15 | nd 52½—4f |
| 13958.54 | 275 | 7162.12 | |
| 13869.12 | 75 | 7208.30 | nd 52½—4f |
| 13774.59 | 65 | 7257.76 | 6p —nd 51½ |
| 13685.85 | 200 | 7304.82 | 6p —7s 2P1½ |
| a13387.8 | 135 | 7467.4 | |
| 13148.85 | 300 | 7603.15 | 5p5 —5p5 |
| 13119.27 | } 110 | 6p —nd 71½ | |
| 13116.03 | 7p —10d 4F4½ | ||
| 12846.14 | } 125 | 6p —nd 81½ | |
| 12843.83 | 6p —7s 2P0½ | ||
| 12265.16 | 50 | 8150.95 | 6p —7d 4P2½ |
| 12135.81 | 90 | 8237.82 | nd 5.11½—np |
Observed wavelength.
Table 3.
Wavelengths of Ii in the ultraviolet
| Wavelength λvac | Intensity | Wave number | Designation |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| 1876.415 | 2000 | 53293.12 | —6s 4P0½ |
| 1844.451 | 15000 | 54216.66 | —6s 4P1½ |
| 1830.380 | 75000 | 54633.46 | —6s 4P2½ |
| 1799.091 | 5000 | 55583.61 | —6s 2P0½ |
| 1782.758 | 12000 | 56092.88 | —6s 2P1½ |
| 1702.068 | 15000 | 58752.06 | —6s′ 2D1½ |
| 1675.174 | 1500 | 59695.30 | —nd 11½ |
| 1642.137 | 2000 | 60896.27 | —6s 4P0½ |
| 1640.780 | 2500 | 60946.62 | —nd 21½ |
| 1639.106 | 200 | 61008.87 | —nd 41½ |
| 1617.604 | 5000 | 61819.81 | —6s 4P1½ |
| 1593.580 | 5000 | 62751.78 | —nd 5.11½ |
| 1582.610 | 1500 | 63186.76 | —6s 2P0½ |
| 1545.794 | 80 | 64691.68 | —7s 2P1½ |
| 1526.448 | 2500 | 65511.57 | —nd 61½ |
| 1518.047 | 15000 | 65874.10 | —nd 71½ |
| 1514.678 | 5000 | 66020.64 | —6s′ 2D2½ |
| 1514.323 | 2000 | 66036.13 | —nd 81½ |
| 1507.041 | 5000 | 66355.21 | —6s′ 2D1½ |
| 1492.888 | 5000 | 66984.25 | —nd 111½ |
| 1485.918 | 1000 | 67298.45 | —nd 11½ |
| 1465.828 | 2500 | 68220.83 | —nd 161½ |
| 1459.145 | 4000 | 68533.28 | —nd 191½ |
| 1458.794 | 2500 | 68549.77 | —nd 21½ |
| 1457.981 | 10000 | 68588.00 | —nd 32½ |
| 1457.470 | } 5000 | —nd 41½ | |
| 1457.389 | 5000 | —nd 4.11½ | |
| 1453.179 | 5000 | 68814.63 | —nd 19.10½ |
| 1446.260 | 5000 | 69143.83 | —nd 200½ |
| 1429.539 | 800 | 69952.62 | —8s 2P1½ |
| 1425.490 | 8000 | 70151.32 | —nd 52½ |
| 1421.364 | 2000 | 70354.93 | —nd 5.11½ |
| 1412.180 | 200 | 70812.51 | —7s 4P0½ |
| 1402.793 | } 15 | —nd 21.20½ | |
| 1402.758 | —7s 4P1½ | ||
| 1400.014 | 2000 | 71427.84 | —nd 221½ |
| 1395.049 | 30 | 71682.11 | —7s 2P0½ |
| 1392.898 | 2000 | 71792.77 | —nd 241½ |
| 1390.750 | 3000 | 71903.44 | —7s 4P2½ |
| 1383.225 | 4000 | 72294.83 | —7s 2P1½ |
| 1382.284 | 1200 | 72344.05 | —9s 2P1½ |
| 1368.217 | 2500 | 73087.83 | —nd 261½ |
| 1367.714 | 2500 | 73114.72 | —nd 61½ |
| 1366.506 | 800 | 73179.34 | —nd 271½ |
| 1361.111 | 3000 | 73469.39 | —nd 28.21½ |
| 1360.965 | 5000 | 73477.25 | —nd 71½ |
| 1357.971 | 3000 | 73639.28 | —nd 81½ |
| 1355.542 | 2000 | 73771.21 | —nd 291½ |
| 1355.099 | 5000 | 73795.35 | —nd 91½ |
| 1350.206 | 600 | 74062.75 | —nd 300½ |
| 1349.691 | 10 | 74091.05 | —nd 31.11½ |
| 1348.903 | 800 | 74134.29 | —nd 321½ |
| 1348.768 | 40 | 74141.74 | —nd 32.10½ |
| 1343.626 | 1000 | 74425.46 | —nd 32.20½ |
| 1342.449 | 60 | 74490.73 | —nd 330½ |
| 1341.264 | 100 | 74556.55 | —nd 340½ |
| 1340.709 | 1500 | 74587.40 | —nd 111½ |
| 1339.903 | 800 | 74632.28 | —nd 350½ |
| a 1338.210 | 20 | 74726.7 | |
| b 1336.478 | 1000 | 74823.52 | |
| 1335.238 | 200 | 74893.04 | —nd 380½ |
| 1333.232 | 5 | 75005.69 | —nd 38.21½ |
| a 1330.714 | 30 | 75147.6 | |
| 1330.189 | 2000 | 75177.26 | —nd 142½ |
| 1325.463 | 10 | 75445.32 | —6s″ 2S0½ |
| 1318.844 | 30 | 75823.98 | —nd 161½ |
| 1317.542 | 3000 | 75898.91 | —nd 172½ |
| 1313.947 | 3000 | 76106.57 | —nd 182½ |
| 1313.432 | 1500 | 76136.43 | —nd 191½ |
| 1302.983 | 3000 | 76746.98 | —nd 200½ |
| 1300.335 | 10000 | 76903.28 | —nd 212½ |
| a 1299.012 | 50 | 76981.6 | |
| 1291.143 | 300 | 77450.76 | —8s 4P2½ |
| 1289.395 | 3000 | 77555.77 | —8s 2P1½ |
| 1275.255 | 1500 | 78415.66 | —7s 4P0½ |
| 1267.596 | } 600 | —nd 21.20½ | |
| 1267.569 | —7s 4P1½ | ||
| 1266.731 | 150 | 78943.37 | —6d 4P2½ |
| 1265.326 | 40 | 79030.99 | —nd 221½ |
| 1261.269 | 800 | 79285.26 | —7s 2P0½ |
| 1259.510 | 3000 | 79395.92 | —nd 241½ |
| 1259.153 | 2500 | 79418.49 | —nd 252½ |
| 1251.335 | 600 | 79914.68 | —9s 4P2½ |
| 1250.826 | 400 | 79947.20 | —9s 2P1½ |
| 1249.969 | 15 | 80001.95 | —nd 25.10½ |
| 1239.463 | 70 | 80680.12 | —7d 4P2½ |
| 1239.296 | 70 | 80690.98 | —nd 261½ |
| 1239.249 | 70 | 80694.00 | —nd 26.10½ |
| 1237.892 | 300 | 80782.49 | —nd 271½ |
| 1237.231 | 200 | 80825.65 | —nd 27.12½ |
| 1236.362 | 400 | 80882.46 | —nd 28.12½ |
| a 1233.517 | 50 | 81069.0 | |
| 1233.463 | 300 | 81072.54 | —nd 28.21½ |
| a 1232.914 | 10 | 81108.7 | |
| 1230.732 | 400 | 81252.48 | —10s 4P2½ |
| 1228.888 | 500 | 81374.36 | —nd 291½ |
| a 1228.041 | 100 | 81430.5 | |
| 1224.856 | 400 | 81642.25 | —nd 311½ |
| 1224.501 | 300 | 81665.90 | —nd 300½ |
| 1224.077 | } 600 | —nd 31.11½ | |
| 1224.049 | —8d 4P2½ | ||
| 1223.430 | 100 | 81737.44 | —nd 321½ |
| a 1219.327 | 10 | 82012.4 | |
| 1219.087 | 70 | 82028.61 | —nd 32.20½ |
| a 1218.909 | 70 | 82040.6 | |
| a 1218.711 | 100 | 82053.9 | |
| 1218.411 | 200 | 82074.10 | —11s 4P2½ |
| 1218.118 | 40 | 82093.88 | —nd 330½ |
| 1217.142 | 150 | 82159.70 | —nd 340½ |
| c 1216.021 | ? | 82235.43 | —nd 350½ |
| a 1214.631 | 50 | 82329.5 | |
| 1213.627 | 40 | 82397.62 | —nd 362½ |
| 1213.199 | 60 | 82426.68 | —nd 36.10½ |
| 1212.242 | 60 | 82491.80 | —nd 372½ |
| 1212.177 | 60 | 82496.19 | —nd 380½ |
| 1210.880 | 10 | 82584.58 | —nd. 38.12½ |
| 1210.524 | 60Z | 82608.84 | —nd 38.21½ |
| 1210.050 | 60 | 82641.21 | —nd 392½ |
| a 1208.466 | 50 | 82749.5 | |
| a 1207.964 | 20 | 82783.9 | |
| 1206.988 | 10 | 82850.87 | —nd 402½ |
| a 1205.430 | 25 | 82957.9 | |
| 1204.116 | 40 | 83048.47 | —6s″ 2S0½ |
| a 1201.348 | 30 | 83239.8 | |
| a 1200.946 | 30 | 83267.7 | |
| a 1200.711 | 25 | 83284.0 | |
| a 1196.786 | 10 | 83557.1 | |
| a 1195.288 | 15 | 83661.8 | |
Wavelengths measured by C. H. Corliss and W. C. Martin.
Also I ii.
Masked by I ii and Lyα.
Table 4.
Zeeman effect of I i
| Wavelength | Magnetic patterns |
|---|---|
|
| |
| 11236.56 | (0.117, 0.356) 1.240, 1.479, 1.721 |
| 11020.60 | (0.123, 0.370, 0.643) 0.629, 0.844, 1.044 |
| 11017.14 | (0.524) … |
| 10685.82 | (0.754) … |
| 10466.54 | (0.079, 0.240) 0.976, 1.147, 1.299, 1.488 |
| 10435.34 | (0.257) … |
| 10416.61 | (0.428. 1.230) 0.369, 1.187, 1.985 |
| 10391.74 | (0.249) 1.042, 1.563 |
| 10375.20 | (0.000w) 0.943w A |
| 10375.20 | (0.059, 0.252, 0.419, 0.603, 0.775) 1.034, 1.211, 1.383, 1.586, 1.753, 1.897 |
| 10325.90 | (0.194) 1.163, 1.441, 1.805 |
| 10238.82 | (0.086) 1.298, 1.494 |
| 10172.91 | (0.000w) 0.907 |
| 10158.64 | (0.213) 1.348 w |
| 10141.83 | (0.370) 0.482, 1.152 |
| 10131.16 | (0.275) 1.095, 1.612 |
| 10003.05 | (0.118) 1.500, 1.747 |
| 9963.30 | (0.000w) 1.053w A |
| 9842.75 | (0.141, 0.449) 1.184, 1.472, 1.785 |
| 9813.53 | (0.179, 0.553) 0.702, 1.077, 1.445 |
| 9800.89 | (0.170) 0.952 |
| 9749.20 | (0.000) 1.178 |
| 9744.83 | (0.141) … |
| 9731.73 | (0.150) 1.502 |
| 9725.47 | (0.245) 0.798, 1.290 |
| 9653.06 | (0.000) 1.525 |
| 9649.61 | (0.000) 0.982 A |
| 9598.22 | (0.000) 1.053 |
| 9466.34 | (0.282) 1.818 |
| 9427.15 | (0.096, 0.274, 0.451) 0.879, 1.050, 1.223, 1.405 |
| 9426.71 | (0.654) 1.886 |
| 9335.05 | (0.118, 0.348) 1.005, 1.250, 1.500, 1,738 |
| 9321.95 | (0.395) 1.216, 1.991 |
| 9227.74 | (0.114. 0.300) 1.294, 1.505, 1.705 |
| 9180.20 | (0.157) 1.114 |
| 9156.91 | (0.055. 0.585) 1.531, 1.068 |
| 9128.03 | (0.514, 1.401) 0.647, 1.613 |
| 9113.91 | (0.000) 1.385 |
| 9098.86 | (0.170, 0.504) 1.118, 1.460, 1.790 |
| 9087.16 | (0.476) 0.650, 1.009, 1.317 |
| 9079.34 | (0.174, 0.478, 0.868) 0.682, 1.036, 1.372, 1,738, 2.117 |
| 9058.33 | (0.090, 0.268, 0.455) 0.934, 1.107, 1.294, 1.503, 1.698 |
| 9022.40 | (0.622) 0.717, 1.939 |
| 8993.13 | (0.196, 0.552) 0.638, 1.033, 1.419 |
| 8969.04 | (0.289, 0.853) 1.311 |
| 8964.69 | (0.000) 1.098 |
| 8925.97 | (0.444, 0.743) 0.821, 1.102, 1.372, 1.676, 1.971 |
| 8898.50 | (0.157, 0.452) 1.185, 1.492, 1.793 |
| 8857.50 | }P–B |
| 8853.80 | |
| 8853.24 | |
| 8847.14 | (0.427) 0.840 |
| 8816.65 | (0.362) 1.083, 1.389, 1.458 |
| 8748.22 | (0.266) 1.338 |
| 8700.80 | (0.269) 0.910, 1.091 |
| 8664.95 | (0.062) 1.198 |
| 8636.40 | (0.098) 1.477 |
| 8545.52 | (0.098) 1.268 A |
| 8486.11 | (0.072, 0.224, 0.375) 1.038 |
| 8393.30 | (0.640) 0.659, 1.951 |
| 8391.70 | (0.067, 0.184) 1.049, 1.143, 1.303 |
| 8260.04 | (0.218w) 1.284w |
| 8251.08 | (0.389) 1.183 |
| 8240.05 | (0.0 W) 1.043 A |
| 8222.57 | (0.622) 0.721, 1.950 |
| 8169.38 | (0.117, 0.325) 0.762 |
| 8105.60 | (0.000) 1.396 |
| 8090.76 | (0.111, 0.382) 0.809, 1.029, 1.264 |
| 8065.70 | (0.000) 1.343 |
| 8043.74 | (0.082, 0.242) 1.855 B |
| 8039.85 | (0.339) … |
| 8023.01 | (0.000) 1.524 |
| 8003.63 | (0.714) 1.868 |
| 7974.48 | (0.128), 0.616, 0.920 |
| 7969.48 | (0.106) 1.536 |
| 7955.90 | (0.234) … |
| 7944.85 | (0.000) 0.929 |
| 7700.20 | (0.074, 0.265) 0.959 |
| 7671.01 | (0.330) 1.223 |
| 7604.88 | (0.068, 0.212) 1.376 |
| 7588.60 | (0.180) 1.053 |
| 7556.65 | (0.037) 1.598 |
| 7554.18 | (0.182) 1.313, 1.418 |
| 7531.81 | (0.000) 1.480 |
| 7490.52 | (0.000) 1.244 |
| 7468.99 | (0.045, 0.143, 0.237) 1.006, 1.088, 1.187 |
| 7446.37 | (0.344) … |
| 7416.48 | (0.523) 0.606, 0.989, 1.346 |
| 7413.60 | (0.000w) 0.933w |
| 7411.20 | (0.000) 1.186 |
| 7410.50 | (0.000w) 1.120 |
| 7402.06 | (0.000W) 0.993 A |
| 7384.08 | (0.000) 1.379 |
| 7305.43 | (0.430) 1.167 |
| 7259.98 | (0.000) 1.393 |
| 7258.06 | (0.072) 1.196 |
| 7237.84 | (0.128, 0.361, 0.599) 0.590 |
| 7236.78 | (0.060, 0.198, 0.341, 0.454) 0.807,0.938, 1.050 |
| 7231.82 | (0.362) 1.159 |
| 7227.30 | (0.606) … |
| 7192.52 | (0.390) 0.932, 1.758 |
| 7191.66 | (0.000) 1.589 |
| 7164.79 | (0.130, 0.418) 0.967, 1.251 |
| 7148.63 | (…) 1.402 |
| 7142.06 | (0.075, 0.246, 0.417) 0.947, 1.106, 1.277 |
| 7122.05 | (0.247, 0.386) … 1.293, 1.435 |
| 7120.05 | (0.206, 0.616) 0.965, 1.437, 1.838 |
| 7085.05 | (0.000) 1.171 |
| 7063.59 | (0.501) 1.092 |
| 6789.23 | (0.553) 0.920 |
| 6732.03 | (0.000 W) 0.939 w |
| 6698.46 | (0.000) 1.492 A |
| 6697.29 | (0.112, 0.368, 0.643) …. |
| 6662.10 | (0.243 w) 1.325 w |
| 6661.11 | (0.092) 1.530 |
| 6619.66 | (0.000 W) 1.553 A |
| 6585.27 | (0.275) 0.670. 0.898 |
| 6583.75 | (0.000 W) 1.028 A |
| 6570.38 | (0.165) 1.086 |
| 6566.49 | (0.086, 0.275) 0.824, 0.983, 1.135 |
| 6564.80 | (0.285) … |
| 6560.82 | (0.143 w) 1.204 |
| 6488.10 | (0.078) 1.310, 1.450 |
| 6455.00 | }P–B |
| 6434.49 | |
| 6433.28 | |
| 6415.70 | (0.000 w, 0.303) 1.154 A |
| 6411.22 | (0.339) 1.140 |
| 6371.68 | (0.142, 0.354) 1.007, 1.246, 1.500 |
| 6367.28 | (0.217, 0.707) 0.604, 1.090, 1.585 |
| 6359.16 | (0.000) 1.375 |
| 6339.44 | (0.000 w, 0.186, 0.377) 0.930, 1.113 |
| 6337.85 | (0.217, 0.367) 1.598 |
| 6330.37 | (0.228) 1.575 |
| 6313.13 | (0.195, 0.371) 1.257 |
| 6297.00 | (0.000 w) 1.540 |
| 6293.98 | (0.000) 1.350 |
| 6244.48 | (0.000 W) … |
| 6233.50 | (0.278) … |
| 6213.10 | (0.000 W) 1.097 A |
| 6191.88 | (0.000 W) 1.050 |
| 6115.97 | (0.000 w, 0.205) 1.529 B |
| 6082.43 | (0.000) 1.388 |
| 6073.46 | }P–B |
| 6055.96 | |
| 6055.03 | |
| 6053.49 | (0.000) 0.888 |
| 6024.08 | (0.172, 0.406) 1.213, 1.489, 1.759 |
| 5981.26 | (0.124) 1.345 |
| 5960.40 | (0.358, 1.036) 0.000d, 0.643, 1.273 |
| 5894.03 | (0.000) 1.346 |
| 5882.24 | (0.000w) 1.699 |
| 5780.65 | (0.122) 1.261, 1.505 |
| 5764.33 | (0.131, 0.349) 1.243, 1.473, 1.749, 2.014 |
| 5743.90 | (0.478) … |
| 5586.36 | (0.365) 1.280, 1.483, 1.707 |
| 5500.95 | (0.121, 0.416) 1.443, 1.795, 2.070 |
| 5297.17 | (0.000) 1.595 |
| 5273.72 | (0.289) 1.272, 1.447, 1.657 |
| 5265.69 | (0.000) 0.901 |
| 5234.57 | (0.000) 1.038 A |
| 5204.15 | (0.074) 1.298, 1.434 |
| 5145.52 | (0.000w) 0.885 A |
| 5119.29 | (0.116) 1.415 |
| 4916.94 | (0.217) 1.538 |
| 4902.00 | (0.000w) 1.129 A |
| 4862.96 | (0.216, 0.549, 0.913) 0.712, 1.078, 1.421, 1.749, 2.096 |
| 4862.32 | (0.000) 1.073 |
| 4850.51 | }P–B |
| 4850.35 | |
| 4827.57 | (0.495) 0.990 |
| 4763.31 | (0.000) 1.630 |
| 4700.88 | (0.000W) 0.958A |
| 4690.49 | (0.518) 0.841, 1.433, … |
| 4478.56 | (0.000) 1.377 |
| 4409.12 | (…) 0.626 |
| 4408.01 | (0.238, 0.699, 1.228) 0.000, 0.328, 0.877, 1.361, 1.914 |
| 4406.54 | (…) 1.368 |
| 4399.01 | (0.000) 0.956 |
| 4392.09 | (0.000w) 0.715A |
| 4321.84 | (0.000) 1.368 |
| 4234.54 | (0.000d) 1.243, 1.595 |
| 4209.82 | (…) 1.198 |
| 4203.72 | (0.000) 1.786 |
| 4148.41 | (0.000) 1.515 |
| 4134.15 | (0.000) 1.442 |
| 4129.21 | (0.000) 1.122 |
| 2061.63 | (0.335) 1.005, 1.669 |
Although the intensities are estimates made according to the usual practice of spectroscopists, an attempt has been made to bring them into closer relationship with photometric standards than is possible in a compressed linear scale in which the numbers are roughly proportional to the logarithms of the actual intensities. In table 2 the intensities are the measured heights of the peaks of the lines above the noise level of the recorder tracings.
In tables 1 and 3, however, an attempt has been made to bring the estimated intensities into harmony with a photometric scale that reflects the enormous range in the strength of the lines. On this scale the faintest lines are arbitrarily assigned an intensity 1, and the strongest lines, that occur in the multiplet 6s4P—6p4P° are designated as 105 times as strong. This ratio is based on an accurate determination of the relative strengths of Rowland ghosts to their parent lines. Thus, for the strongest lines estimates were made of the intensities of their ghosts, and then multiplied by the corresponding factors to establish the intensities of the parent lines. Although the scale was thus established to represent true relative strengths of lines in short ranges of the spectrum, no attempt was made to standardize them over longer ranges of wavelengths. In particular the intensity scale used in the vacuum region is several orders of magnitude less than that of the visible and infrared. A few of the longest wavelengths listed in table 1 were measured also on the infrared recordings described above. The intensities derived for them from these observations are given in parentheses following the estimated photographic intensities, thereby giving a comparison of the relative sensitivity of the two modes of observation in a region near the limit of photographic detection.
The terms to be expected theoretically on the assumption that LS-coupling governs the orbital and spin angular momenta of the atom are given in table 5. Those actually found in this investigation are given in tables 6 and 7. These terms make it possible to calculate accurate wavelengths for lines in the infrared and extreme ultraviolet regions that lie beyond the reach of photographic recording with high-dispersion spectrographs. Such lines as have been observed by other investigators are given in tables 2 and 3 with wavelengths calculated from the terms of tables 6 and 7.
Table 5.
Predicted terms of I i
| Electron configuration | Terms | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| 5s2 5p5 | 2P° | ||
|
| |||
| 5s 5p6 | 2S | ||
|
| |||
| 5s2 5p4 (I ii) | 3P | 1D | 1S |
|
| |||
| 5s2 5p4 ns | 2P 4P | 2D | 2S |
| 5s2 5p4 np | 2S°, 2P°, 2D°, 4S°, 4P°, 4D° | 2P°, 2D°, 2F° | 2P° |
| 5s2 5p4 nd | 2P, 2D, 2F, 4P, 4D, 4F | 2S, 2P, 2D, 2F, 2G | 2D |
| 5s2 5p4 nf | 2D°, 2F°, 2G°, 4D°, 4F°, 4G° | 2P°, 2D°, 2F°, 2G°, 2H° | 2F° |
Table 6.
Odd terms of I i
| Electron configuration | Term symbol | Level | Δv | Observed g |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| 5s2 5p5 | 0.00 | −7603.15 | ||
| 7603.15 | 0.673 | |||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)6p | 64906.34 | −2155.78 1205.16 |
1.524 | |
| 67062.12 | 1.415 | |||
| 65856.96 | 1.556 | |||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)6p | 64990.01 | 1.619 | ||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)6p | 65644.49 | −7162.72 | 1.217 | |
| 72807.21 | 1.316 | |||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)6p | 65670.00 | −6859.17 552.43 −1410.44 |
1.420 | |
| 72529.17 | 1.370 | |||
| 71976.74 | 1.317 | |||
| 73387.18 | 1.137 | |||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)6p | 71501.52 | 1553.04 | 1.239 | |
| 73054.56 | 1.329 | |||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)6p | 71813.97 | 1.377 | ||
| 5s2 5p4( )np | 72875.75 | |||
| 5s2 5p4(8P)7p | 74965.77 | −655.64 318.28 |
1.472 | |
| 75621.41 | 1.483 | |||
| 75303.13 | 1.53 | |||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)7p | 75049.57 | 1.506 | ||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)7p | 75191.37 | −7232.81 | 1.24 | |
| 82424.18 | 1.27 | |||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)7p | 75194.10 | −6839.70 310.82 |
1.42 | |
| 82033.80 | ||||
| 81722.98 | 1.39 | |||
| … | ||||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)7p | 78780.04 | −3651.16 | 1.48 | |
| 82431.20 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)7p | 81506.80 | |||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)4J | 77297.15 | |||
| 77303.58 | ||||
| 77307.47 | ||||
| 77313.12 | ||||
| 77313.76 | ||||
| 77320.66 | ||||
| 77356.76 | ||||
| 77359.62 | ||||
| 77404.49 | ||||
| 77406.86 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4(1D) 6p | 78415.36 | |||
| 5s2 5p4( )np | 78535.48 | |||
| 5s2 5p4( )np | 78592.75 | 1.00 | ||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)8p | 78732.31 | −492.47 21.67 |
1.454 | |
| 79224.78 | 1.30 | |||
| 79203.11 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)8p | 78815.61 | 1.71 | ||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)8p | 78854.86 | 1.11 | ||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)8p | 79003.70 | 1.37 | ||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)8p | 79701.73 | 1.02 | ||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)5f | 79835.03 | |||
| 79840.23 | ||||
| 79844.58 | ||||
| 79847.88 | ||||
| 79853.40 | ||||
| 79865.20 | ||||
| 79881.74 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4( )np | 80039.94 | |||
| 80125.57 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)9p | 80624.45 | |||
| 80720.85 | ||||
| 80797.95 | ||||
| 80945.44 | 1.32 | |||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)6f | 81205.39 | |||
| 81207.32 | ||||
| 81216.75 | ||||
| 81219.30 | ||||
| 81226.02 | ||||
| 81227.38 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4( )np | 81693.55 | |||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)10p | 81697.54 | |||
| 82035.00 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)7f | 82026.20 | |||
| 82030.35 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4()np | 82214.04 | |||
| 82615.84 | ||||
Table 7.
Even terms of I i
| Electron configuration | Term symbol | Level | Δv | Observed g |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)6s | 54633.46 | −7186.35 + 923.54 |
1.576 | |
| 61819.81 | 1.618 | |||
| 60896.27 | 2.561 | |||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)6s | 56092.88 | −7093.88 | 1.385 | |
| 63186.76 | 0.799 | |||
| 5s2 5p4(1D)6s | 66020.64 | −334.57 | 1.258 | |
| 66355.21 | 0.828 | |||
| 5s2 5p4(1S)6s | 6s″ 2S0½ | 83048.47 | ||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)7s | 71903.44 | −6987.72 + 475.50 |
||
| 78891.16 | ||||
| 78415.66 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)7s | 72294.83 | −6990.43 | ||
| 79285.26 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)8s | 77450.76 | |||
| 77555.77 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)9s | 79914.68 | |||
| 79947.20 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4(3P) 10s | 81252.48 | 1.53 | ||
| … | ||||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)11s | 82074.10 | |||
| … | ||||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)5d | 75511.13 | 1.15 | ||
| … | ||||
| 75704.09 | ||||
| 76004.78 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)6d | 78904.05 | |||
| 78943.37 | ||||
| 79055.01 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)7d | 80676.17 | |||
| 80680.12 | ||||
| 80772.35 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)8d | 81689.02 | |||
| 81696.06 | ||||
| 81760.58 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)9d | 82289.46 | |||
| … | ||||
| 82374.21 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4(3P)10d | … | |||
| … | ||||
| 82818.36 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4( )nd | 67298.45 | |||
| 68549.77 | ||||
| 68588.00 | ||||
| 68612.02 | ||||
| 68615.84 | ||||
| 70151.32 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4( )nd | 70354.93 | 1.21 | ||
| 73114.72 | ||||
| 73477.25 | ||||
| 73639.28 | ||||
| 73795.35 | ||||
| 73977.68 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4( )nd | 74587.40 | 0.78 | ||
| 74823.48 | ||||
| 75177.26 | 1.26 | |||
| 75714.44 | 0.80 | |||
| 75823.98 | 1.41 | |||
| 5s2 5p4( )nd | 75898.91 | 1.14 | ||
| 76106.57 | 1.23 | |||
| 76136.43 | 1.04 | |||
| 76417.78 | ||||
| 76746.98 | ||||
| 5s2 5p4( )nd | 76903.28 | |||
| 76935.98 | ||||
| 78889.50 | ||||
| 79030.99 | 1.23 | |||
| 79150.55 | ||||
| 79395.92 | 1.42 | |||
| 79418.49 | 1.17 | |||
| 80001.95 | ||||
| 80690.98 | ||||
| 80694.00 | ||||
| 80782.49 | 1.46 | |||
| 80825.65 | ||||
| 80869.05 | ||||
| 80882.46 | ||||
| 81072.54 | ||||
| 81374.36 | ||||
| 81665.90 | ||||
| 81642.25 | ||||
| 81694.20 | ||||
| 81737.44 | ||||
| 81744.89 | ||||
| 82028.61 | ||||
| 82093.88 | ||||
| 82159.70 | ||||
| 82235.43 | ||||
| 82397.62 | ||||
| 82426.68 | ||||
| 82491.80 | ||||
| 82496.19 | ||||
| 82584.58 | ||||
| 82608.84 | ||||
| 82641.21 | ||||
| 82850.87 | ||||
Lines listed in table 2 were observed by C. J. Humphreys [5] at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory, Corona, and by E. K. Plyler [6] at the Bureau. In this work they used electrodeless-discharge lamps, similar to those mentioned above in conjunction with their recording infrared spectrometers. These observations, which were made expressly for this investigation, verify all but two of the new infrared lines measured by Eshbach and Fisher [7] and add several lines not previously observed. All the ultraviolet lines in table 3 were measured on spectrograms obtained with the 2-m vacuum-grating spectrograph of the Bureau. These data not only confirm the descriptions of II given by Turner [8], La Croute [9], McLeod [10], and Hellerman [11], but increase by a factor of more than 4 the number of lines reported by these earlier observers. The light source was an electrodeless discharge of the type described above but modified to incorporate a LiF window sealed to the tube with an O-ring. The wavelengths listed in the first column are not the values derived directly from the measurements, but are values calculated from the energy levels given in tables 6 and 7. They were derived, therefore, indirectly from international secondary standard wavelengths, and are believed to be correct to less than 0.005 A. They are recommended for use as standards in the vacuum region.
A problem of prime importance for the analysis of the first spectrum of iodine is the evaluation of the separation of the levels of the ground state 5p5 2P°. The lines at 2061.6 and 1830.4 A, which are due to the transitions and , may be used for this purpose. These lines have been measured several times by different observers, but the wavelengths reported for them are only approximately correct and are afflicted with the errors that are inherent in the reference lines against which they were measured. In the present work the mean wavelength of the longer line has been determined as 2061.633 A, from seven observations, made with high dispersion in the higher orders of the gratings, relative to international secondary standards in the iron arc spectrum.
The wavelength of the shorter line was determined as 1830.380 A from measurements relative to internal standards selected from the iodine spectrum itself. These lines are at 1876, 1844, 1799, 1702, and 1593 A, and appear with 1830 A on spectrograms made with the vacuum-grating spectrograph. We have determined accurate wavelengths for them, from measurements of lines of longer wavelength on high-dispersion spectrograms, by making use of the combination principle. Thus, we find the following level-separations, which are mean values of the wave-number differences between numerous pairs of well-measured lines:
By adding each of these numbers to 48489.73 cm−1, the wavenumber of 2061 A, we obtain the wavenumbers, and thence the exact wavelengths, of the selected standards. These are given in table 3.
With the accurate values thus established for the two transitions given above we have:
4. Term Structure of I i
The spectrum to be expected theoretically for neutral iodine atoms, if LS-coupling governs their behavior under excitation, is that based on the terms given in table 5. In the unexcited state of the atom the electron configuration is 5s2 5p5, which yields an inverted 2P term of odd parity. The higher states of even and odd parity arise when excitation of the atom leads to the electron configurations listed in the first column of table 5. Ionization of the atom leaves it in one of the states represented by the 3P, 1D, and 1S terms of the basic electron configuration 5s2 5p4 of the ion I+. These three terms give rise, therefore, to the three families of terms that are likely to produce the strongest lines of the spectrum I i. A fourth family also is expected based on the addition of s, p, d, etc., electrons to the 5p6 configuration. The terms from these configurations will be doublets, and the lines arising from their combinations probably will be among the weaker lines of the spectrum.
The first real regularity in the spectrum of iodine was announced by Turner [12] who found the wavenumber interval of approximately 7,600 cm−1 recurring among several pairs of the lines observed by him in the Schumann region. Subsequently he correctly suggested that this difference represents the separation of the levels in the ground term 2P of the 5s2 5p5 electron configuration. From this starting point all further advances in the interpretation of the first spectrum of iodine have been made. Evans [2], Deb [13], and Murakawa [14], in their analyses, have recognized these lines as resulting from the 6s → 5p transition, but they are not in agreement on their designations of the individual levels of the 5p4 6s configuration. Inasmuch as the interpretations of I i offered by these investigators all rest on the 6s-levels it is, therefore, not surprising that there is disagreement among them.
The classifications of the lines of I i given in this paper likewise are based on the 6s-levels. With g- and J-values derived from well-resolved Zeeman patterns it is now possible to designate these levels with certainty and also some of the higher np-levels with which they combine. Increasing excitation of the iodine atoms brings into play still higher levels from the np, nd, ns, and nf electrons, but it is difficult to designate them with certainty because the g-values indicate a breakdown of the orbital and spin momenta to a coupling scheme between pure LS-coupling and jj-coupling, probably jl-coupling described by Racali [15].
Most of the levels of I i that are given in tables 6 and 7 result from the addition of ns, np, nd, and nf electrons to the lowest energy states 3P, 1D, and 1S of I ii. These were reported first by LaCroute [9] whose analysis, giving the relative positions of these terms, shows that the levels of 3P are separated by large differences in wave number. This fact has been an important guide in the analysis of I i, for nearly all the terms derived from 3P show similar characteristics. The eight levels of the 5s2 5p4 6s electron configuration all closely conform to the pattern of spacing exhibited by their parentage. This is confirmed by the g-values of these levels, which are nearly equal to the g’s for LS-coupling, their sum being as compared with .
Of the levels coming from configurations with np, nd, and nf electrons, only those derived from 3P levels can be designated with certainty. Here again the classifications rest on level intervals and g-values; but the g-values now show marked deviations from LS-g’s, owing to configuration interaction, and there is a tendency for levels to form pairs. In the case of the 13 levels derived by adding a 6p-electron to the parent term 3P, g-sharing is such as to remove all resemblance to LS g-values, yet their sums are nearly equal, namely and . Few if any levels from the parent terms, 1D and 1S, are definitely established.
5. Series and Ionization Potential
Before the first attempts were made to unravel the spectrum of iodine, several investigators reported the results of their measurements of critical and ionizing potentials in iodine vapor. Thus, in the period from 1920 to 1924, values of the ionization potential from 10 to 10.5 ev were reported by Found [16], Mohler and Foote [17], Duffendack [18], and Mackay [19]. From these results it was evident that the separation between the ground states of I i and I ii is approximately 85,000 cm−1. Although the series announced by Deb [9] and by Price [20] give limits in close agreement with this value; yet, in the light of the present analysis, their series must be considered fictitious and the ionization potentials derived from them fortuitous.
The first physically real series of I i was given by Evans [2] in his analysis of the spectrum. Two of his levels in combination with the 6s-term accounted for two pairs of strong lines separated by the same difference in wave number. The limit and ionization potential derived from them are within the range of the experimental values cited above. This series has been confirmed and extended in the present work. Other series of three and more members have been found also, as set forth in table 8. Four of these series, with four and five members, representing the migration of the s, p, and d electrons, have been used to calculate the separation of the ground states of I i and I ii and the corresponding ionization potential. A Ritz formula R/(m+α+β/m2)2 has been evaluated for the variable terms of these series, and with the values given in the table for α and β, it is found to represent the series very closely. In fact the first solutions of this formula were found to fit series of three members closely enough to predict higher series members that were subsequently found. The individual determinations of the interval between the ground states of I i and I ii are in close agreement among themselves, and when an unweighted average of them is taken, yield a value of 84,340 cm−1. From this an ionization potential of 10.45 ev is derived for the work required to remove a p-electron from the configuration 5s2 5p5.
Table 8.
Series of I i
| n | ns 4P2½ | np | nd 4F4½ | nf X3½ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Current term | Rydberg denominator | Current term | Rydberg denominator | Current term | Rydberg denominator | Current term | Rydberg denominator | |
|
| ||||||||
| 4 | 7019 | 3.95402 | ||||||
| 5 | 8636 | 3.56468 | 4492 | 4.94261 | ||||
| 6 | 29707 | 1.92197 | 19434 | 2.37627 | 5285 | 4.55674 | 3133 | 5.91829 |
| 7 | 12437 | 2.97043 | 9374 | 3.42148 | 3568 | 5.54580 | 2310 | 6.89240 |
| 8 | 6889 | 3.99116 | 5608 | 4.42357 | 2579 | 6.52305 | ||
| 9 | 4425 | 4.97989 | 3716 | 5.43424 | 1955 | 7.49209 | ||
| 10 | 3088 | 5.96126 | 2643 | 6.44359 | ||||
| 11 | 2266 | 6.95900 | ||||||
| α= −4.00389 | α= −3.51112 | α= −1.48320 | α= −0.11660 | |||||
| β= − 2.52065 | β= − 3.98279 | β= + 1.15995 | β= + 1.16647 | |||||
6. The Continuous Spectra
An outstanding feature of the spectra of iodine emitted by the electrodeless lamps used in this investigation is a succession of continua extending from 4800 A in the blue to 2900 A in the ultraviolet. These bands have been encountered by nearly all observers who have studied the spectra emitted by iodine molecules and atoms subjected to various modes of excitation. Perhaps the best description of them is that published by Curtis and Evans [21]. Our observations are in agreement with their view that these continua belong to two systems, the one consisting of a single band or of several broad overlapping bands between 4800 and 4035 A, the other consisting of a very broad strong band followed by several groups of much fainter and narrower bands. In each of these groups the individual bands are about 25 A in width, nearly equally spaced, and increase in intensity to a maximum near the center of the group and then decline. The mean separation of the bands is 210 cm−1, which is exactly the separation of the vibrational levels of the ground state of the I2 molecule as found by Kimura and Miyanashi [22] in their study of the ultraviolet absorption bands of I2. This fact casts doubt on the results of various investigators who have sought to ascribe the bands to atomic recombination processes. A description of these emission features as recorded on our spectrograms is given in table 9. Their presence is unwelcome in investigations of I i because they mask completely the fainter and widened lines and attenuate differences in intensity of measurable lines that appear on the continuous background.
Table 9.
Continua in the spectrum of iodine
| Wavelengths of maxima | Wave numbers of maxima | Intensity | Δv | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| 4625 | 21616 | 1000 | 1715 | Band extends from 4820 to 4400 A |
| Minimum at 4360 A | ||||
| 4285 | 23331 | 100 | Band extends from 4325 to 4240 A | |
| 3525 | 28361 | 25 | 325 | Minimum at 3510 A |
| 3485 | 28686 | 50 | 503 | Minimum at 3475 A |
| 3425 | 29189 | 500 | 1290 | Band extends from 3470 to 3380 A |
| Minimum at 3340 A | ||||
| 3280 | 30479 | 5 | 206 | Minimum at 3270 A |
| 3258 | 30685 | 10 | 228 | Minimum at 3245 A |
| 3234 | 30913 | 25 | 211 | Minimum at 3221 A |
| 3212 | 31124 | 50 | 205 | Minimum at 3199 A |
| 3191 | 31329 | 25 | 208 | Minimum at 3177 A |
| 3170 | 31537 | 10 | 281 | Minimum at 3155 A |
| 3142 | 31818 | 5 | 193 | Minimum at 3136 A |
| 3123 | 32011 | 20 | 217 | Minimum at 3114 A |
| 3102 | 32228 | 15 | 230 | Minimum at 3091 A |
| 3080 | 32458 | 10 | 211 | Minimum at 3074 A |
| 3062 | 32649 | 20 | 215 | Minimum at 3053 A |
| 3042 | 32864 | 25 | 184 | Minimum at 3032 A |
| 3025 | 33048 | 15 | 187 | Minimum at 3016 A |
| 3008 | 33235 | 20 | 234 | Minimum at 2997 A |
| 2987 | 33469 | 20 | 214 | Minimum at 2976 A |
| 2968 | 33683 | 10 | 182 | Minimum at 2959 A |
| 2952 | 33861 | 15 | 173 | Minimum at 2943 A |
| 2937 | 34038 | 5 | ||
7. Discussion
The analysis of the first spectrum of iodine, presented in the preceding pages, shows clearly that in its excited states the atom has departed from LS-coupling and has reached a stage in intermediate coupling. Since the g-value of , of the ground state, is very closely that given by LS-coupling, we may assume that the g-value of the lowest member of the ground term, , is also that for LS-coupling. In the first excited states, however, arising from the electron configuration 5s2 5p4 6s, the departure from LS-coupling is marked. Although the g-values deviate only slightly from the LS-values, the levels of the 4P and 2P terms show the separations that are characteristic of their parent term, 3P, the ground state of I ii. This is in accord with the scheme for the p4 configuration in intermediate coupling as illustrated by Condon and Shortley [23].
In the configurations containing np-electrons, in which n ≧ 6, almost all resemblance to LS-coupling has disappeared from the term structure. The g-values for all the levels deviate strongly from the LS-values, except those for and for which the deviation is slight. The levels fall into a pair structure, of the kind prescribed by Racah [15] for jl-coupling, in which the level separations bear no resemblance whatsoever to those of LS-coupling. The g-values calculated for the np-levels with Racah’s formula fit the observed g’s more closely than do the g’s of LS-coupling. A similar situation holds for levels from configurations with nd-electrons, and also with nf-electrons. The nf-levels fall very close to each other so that lines originating in them are separated by intervals less than those imposed by a magnetic field, say, of 35,000 oersteds. All of these lines for which magnetic patterns appear on our spectrograms of the Zeeman effect show the unsymmetrical structures, due to Paschen-Back interaction, similar to those described by Kiess and Shortley [24] for lines of oxygen and nitrogen.
These matters raise the question as to the appropriateness of the designations used for the energy levels of a heavy atom such as iodine. It is obvious that in a complex spectrum manifesting in its various states a transition from one coupling scheme to another, no single scheme of notation will be adequate or satisfactory. The only notation scheme that has achieved a status of widespread usage and permanence is the one devised for spectra built on LS-coupling. It is here emphasized that the use of it, in this paper, for levels that do not result from this coupling scheme, is for convenience in designating them, and not for attaching to them the quantum significance usually conveyed by the LS-symbols.
An inspection of table 1 will show that some lines have resisted all attempts to classify them. There is no doubt, however, that they belong to I i; but the necessary links to connect them to known or, as yet, unknown levels have not been found. One of the lines left unclassified after the bulk of the analysis had been completed is the relatively strong infrared line at 13149.19 A as measured by Eshback and Fisher [7]. This line, measured by us also on the recordings of the infrared spectrum of iodine by Plyler and by Humphreys, has a wave number practically identical with the separation of the levels in the 2P° ground term of the iodine atom. Accordingly it is designated in table 2 as the forbidden transition and a wavelength corresponding to the wave number 7603.15 cm−1 is calculated for it. A similar transition has been reported by Edlén [25] for the isoelectronic spectrum Xe ii. We have tried to photograph this line on EK–IZ plates so as to get a more accurate value of its wavelength, but the experiments were unsuccessful. Our belief that our designation of it is correct is substantiated by the discovery of similar transitions between the metastable levels of I ii, as reported by Martin and Corliss in their forthcoming paper on I ii.
In conclusion we acknowledge our indebtedness to several of our colleagues for data used in this investigation. Both C. J. Humphreys and E. K. Plyler made observations of the infrared spectrum of iodine beyond the reach of photography. Their data are presented in table 3. W. F. Meggers and R. Zalubas measured the magnetic patterns of numerous iodine lines during their investigations of spectra emitted by various electrodeless metal-halide lamps. Finally, W. C. Martin, Jr., made new measurements of iodine spectra in the extreme ultraviolet that have surpassed in extent and accuracy earlier descriptions of these spectra. It is a pleasure for us to thank each for his contribution to this paper.
Footnotes
Figures in brackets indicate the literature references at the end of this paper.
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