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Active transforming growth factor‐β 1 (TGF‐β 1) content is not different between patients with refractory coeliac disease (RCD) and controls. Active TGF‐β 1 expression was evaluated in total proteins extracted from duodenal biopsy samples of 11 controls (CTR), 12 patients with active coeliac disease (ACD), eight patients with inactive coeliac disease (ICD) and eight patients with RCD by ELISA. Data indicate mean ± SEM.
