Figure 8. MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of GHK-Cu.
A. Phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 at Ser536, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK1/2 was assessed by western blotting of lung homogenates with a phosphorylation site-specific antibody. NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK, JNK1/2, and ERK1/2 were used as loading controls. B. The blots were subjected to a densitometric analysis and relative quantification. The values are the means ± SD after normalization for NF-κB p65, p38 MAPK, JNK1/2, and ERK1/2 (n = 3). A representative blot is shown for each condition. *p < 0.05, statistically significant difference.