Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1991 Dec 1;88(23):10971–10975. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.23.10971

Allelic variation in the effects of the nef gene on replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

E F Terwilliger 1, E Langhoff 1, D Gabuzda 1, E Zazopoulos 1, W A Haseltine 1
PMCID: PMC53054  PMID: 1720558

Abstract

The effects of the viral gene nef on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in culture were investigated using nef alleles of the HIV-1 IIIB and ELI strains. The results demonstrate significant allelic variation in the effect of nef on virus replication in both an established human CD4+ T-cell line and primary human lymphocytes. In the context of the HXB2 virus, the ELI nef allele but not the IIIB nef allele permits initiation of efficient low-multiplicity infection in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells, including unfractionated peripheral blood lymphocytes, T cells, and monocyte/macrophages. Within the same genetic context, the IIIB nef allele slightly retards replication of the virus in a T-cell line, whereas the ELI nef allele accelerates replication of the virus. Sequences in the IIIB and ELI genomes outside of nef also moderate the effects of nef on HIV-1 replication. nef did not appear to determine the host-cell preference of the virus. These studies may help to reconcile apparently conflicting reports on the role of nef in HIV-1 replication and suggest that HIV-1 nef may play an important role in viral pathogenesis.

Full text

PDF
10971

Images in this article

10972Image
on p.10972

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ahmad N., Venkatesan S. Nef protein of HIV-1 is a transcriptional repressor of HIV-1 LTR. Science. 1988 Sep 16;241(4872):1481–1485. doi: 10.1126/science.3262235. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Alizon M., Wain-Hobson S., Montagnier L., Sonigo P. Genetic variability of the AIDS virus: nucleotide sequence analysis of two isolates from African patients. Cell. 1986 Jul 4;46(1):63–74. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90860-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Allan J. S., Coligan J. E., Lee T. H., McLane M. F., Kanki P. J., Groopman J. E., Essex M. A new HTLV-III/LAV encoded antigen detected by antibodies from AIDS patients. Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):810–813. doi: 10.1126/science.2997921. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Ameisen J. C., Guy B., Chamaret S., Loche M., Mouton Y., Neyrinck J. L., Khalife J., Leprevost C., Beaucaire G., Boutillon C. Antibodies to the nef protein and to nef peptides in HIV-1-infected seronegative individuals. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1989 Jun;5(3):279–291. doi: 10.1089/aid.1989.5.279. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cheng-Mayer C., Iannello P., Shaw K., Luciw P. A., Levy J. A. Differential effects of nef on HIV replication: implications for viral pathogenesis in the host. Science. 1989 Dec 22;246(4937):1629–1632. doi: 10.1126/science.2531920. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cheng-Mayer C., Weiss C., Seto D., Levy J. A. Isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from the brain may constitute a special group of the AIDS virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Nov;86(21):8575–8579. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.21.8575. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cohen E. A., Terwilliger E. F., Jalinoos Y., Proulx J., Sodroski J. G., Haseltine W. A. Identification of HIV-1 vpr product and function. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1990;3(1):11–18. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Colombini S., Arya S. K., Reitz M. S., Jagodzinski L., Beaver B., Wong-Staal F. Structure of simian immunodeficiency virus regulatory genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jul;86(13):4813–4817. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.13.4813. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Cordonnier A., Montagnier L., Emerman M. Single amino-acid changes in HIV envelope affect viral tropism and receptor binding. Nature. 1989 Aug 17;340(6234):571–574. doi: 10.1038/340571a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Delassus S., Cheynier R., Wain-Hobson S. Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef and long terminal repeat sequences over 4 years in vivo and in vitro. J Virol. 1991 Jan;65(1):225–231. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.1.225-231.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fisher A. G., Ratner L., Mitsuya H., Marselle L. M., Harper M. E., Broder S., Gallo R. C., Wong-Staal F. Infectious mutants of HTLV-III with changes in the 3' region and markedly reduced cytopathic effects. Science. 1986 Aug 8;233(4764):655–659. doi: 10.1126/science.3014663. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gartner S., Markovits P., Markovitz D. M., Kaplan M. H., Gallo R. C., Popovic M. The role of mononuclear phagocytes in HTLV-III/LAV infection. Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):215–219. doi: 10.1126/science.3014648. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Guo H. G., Chermann J. C., Waters D., Hall L., Louie A., Gallo R. C., Streicher H., Reitz M. S., Popovic M., Blattner W. Sequence analysis of original HIV-1. Nature. 1991 Feb 28;349(6312):745–746. doi: 10.1038/349745a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Guy B., Kieny M. P., Riviere Y., Le Peuch C., Dott K., Girard M., Montagnier L., Lecocq J. P. HIV F/3' orf encodes a phosphorylated GTP-binding protein resembling an oncogene product. Nature. 1987 Nov 19;330(6145):266–269. doi: 10.1038/330266a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hammes S. R., Dixon E. P., Malim M. H., Cullen B. R., Greene W. C. Nef protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: evidence against its role as a transcriptional inhibitor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Dec;86(23):9549–9553. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.23.9549. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Helseth E., Kowalski M., Gabuzda D., Olshevsky U., Haseltine W., Sodroski J. Rapid complementation assays measuring replicative potential of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein mutants. J Virol. 1990 May;64(5):2416–2420. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.5.2416-2420.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kestler H. W., 3rd, Ringler D. J., Mori K., Panicali D. L., Sehgal P. K., Daniel M. D., Desrosiers R. C. Importance of the nef gene for maintenance of high virus loads and for development of AIDS. Cell. 1991 May 17;65(4):651–662. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90097-i. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kim S., Ikeuchi K., Byrn R., Groopman J., Baltimore D. Lack of a negative influence on viral growth by the nef gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Dec;86(23):9544–9548. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.23.9544. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Langhoff E., Terwilliger E. F., Bos H. J., Kalland K. H., Poznansky M. C., Bacon O. M., Haseltine W. A. Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in primary dendritic cell cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Sep 15;88(18):7998–8002. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.18.7998. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Luciw P. A., Cheng-Mayer C., Levy J. A. Mutational analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus: the orf-B region down-regulates virus replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(5):1434–1438. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.5.1434. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Luria S., Chambers I., Berg P. Expression of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus Nef protein in T cells prevents antigen receptor-mediated induction of interleukin 2 mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jun 15;88(12):5326–5330. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.12.5326. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Niederman T. M., Thielan B. J., Ratner L. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 negative factor is a transcriptional silencer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Feb;86(4):1128–1132. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.4.1128. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Ranki A., Järvinen K., Valle S. L., Nurmilaakso P., Krohn K. Antibodies to recombinant HIV-1 nef protein detected in HIV-1 infection as well as in nonrisk individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1990;3(4):348–355. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Ratner L., Haseltine W., Patarca R., Livak K. J., Starcich B., Josephs S. F., Doran E. R., Rafalski J. A., Whitehorn E. A., Baumeister K. Complete nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, HTLV-III. Nature. 1985 Jan 24;313(6000):277–284. doi: 10.1038/313277a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Shibata R., Miura T., Hayami M., Ogawa K., Sakai H., Kiyomasu T., Ishimoto A., Adachi A. Mutational analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) genome in relation to HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus SIV (AGM). J Virol. 1990 Feb;64(2):742–747. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.2.742-747.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Terwilliger E. F., Cohen E. A., Lu Y. C., Sodroski J. G., Haseltine W. A. Functional role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpu. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jul;86(13):5163–5167. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.13.5163. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Terwilliger E., Sodroski J. G., Rosen C. A., Haseltine W. A. Effects of mutations within the 3' orf open reading frame region of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV) on replication and cytopathogenicity. J Virol. 1986 Nov;60(2):754–760. doi: 10.1128/jvi.60.2.754-760.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Zweig M., Samuel K. P., Showalter S. D., Bladen S. V., DuBois G. C., Lautenberger J. A., Hodge D. R., Papas T. S. Heterogeneity of Nef proteins in cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Virology. 1990 Nov;179(1):504–507. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90325-l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES