Figure 2. Morphospace filling through time.
a, Accumulation of multivariate disparity through time in 1 million time slices (thick black line: observed data; thin black line: after LOESS smoothing; blue lines: constant rate null model; red lines: variable rate null model). b, Comparison of slopes (estimated in 5 million year windows) of the LOESS-smoothed observed data and null models. Differences in slope above and below zero indicate dominance of morphospace expansion versus morphospace packing respectively. Shading indicates 95% confidence intervals. c, Mean relative rates of evolution with 95% confidence intervals (grey) through time.