Table 1. Comparison of demographics, comorbidities, pulmonary function, and basal treatment among admitted patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (N = 143).
Values are given as n (%), unless otherwise indicated. ACE: Angiotensin converter enzyme; C-AE: Complex acute exacerbation; FEV1: Forced expiratory volumen at first second; FVC: Forced vital capacity; LABA: Long acting beta agonist; S-AE: Simple acute exacerbation; SD: Standard deviation.
| C-AE (n = 106) | S-AE (n = 37) | p | |
| Demographics | |||
| Men | 103 (97.2) | 30 (81.1) | 0.001 |
| Age | 72.17 (SD:9.7) | 72.56 (SD:11) | 0.849 |
| Current smoker | 40 (37.7) | 16 (43.24) | 0.555 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Bronchiectasis | 16 (15.1) | 3 (8.1) | 0.216 |
| Previous steroids | 10 (9.43) | 0 (0) | 0.064 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 22 (20.7) | 2 (5.41) | 0.039 |
| Chronic liver disease | 10 (9.4) | 2 (5.4) | 0.73 |
| Hypertension | 46 (43.4) | 17 (45.9) | 0.788 |
| Depression | 11 (10.4) | 2 (5.4) | 0.515 |
| Osteoporosis | 5 (4.72) | 0 (0) | 0.179 |
| Coronary heart disease | 19 (17.9) | 0 (0) | 0.004 |
| Chronic heart failure | 23 (21.7) | 5 (13.5) | 0.28 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 17 (16) | 4 (10.8) | 0.592 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 9 (8.5) | 1 (2.7) | 0.454 |
| Dementia | 4 (3.8) | 1 (2.7) | 1 |
| Connective tissue disease | 3 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 0.569 |
| Peptic ulcer | 9 (8.5) | 4 (10.8) | 0.741 |
| Stroke | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
| Moderate/severe renal disease | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| Tumor | 9 (8.5) | 3 (8.1) | 1 |
| Charlson index | 6 (1.7) | 5.5 (1.6) | 0.0639 |
| Respiratory Function | |||
| FEV/FVC | 43.2 (SD:11.7) | 54.4 (SD:7.8) | <0.001 |
| FEV1 cc | 1122 (SD:395.5) | 1691.8 (SD:470.7) | <0.001 |
| FEV1 % | 42.5 (SD:15) | 67.2 (SD:16.3) | <0.001 |
| FVC cc | 2603 (SD:65.9) | 2913.5 (SD:765.9) | 0.0333 |
| FVC % | 75.5 (SD:18.1) | 88 (SD:22.4) | 0.0032 |
| Basal Treatment | |||
| Tiotropium | 80 (75.47) | 19 (51.4) | 0.006 |
| Ipratropium | 12 (11.3) | 2 (5.4) | 0.297 |
| Salmeterol/Fluticasone | 77 (72.6) | 12 (32.4) | <0.001 |
| Budesonide/Formoterol | 9 (8.5) | 3 (8.1) | 0.62 |
| LABA monotherapy | 1 (0.9) | 1 (2.7) | 0.45 |
| Inhaled steroids monotherapy | 1 (0.9) | 2 (5.4) | 0.164 |
| Triple therapy | 31 (29.2) | 2 (62.2) | <0.001 |
| Theophylline | 20 (18.9) | 0 (0) | 0.002 |
| ACE inhibitor | 31 (29.2) | 6 (16.2) | 0.119 |
| Beta blockers | 7 (6.6) | 4 (10.8) | 0.47 |
| Statins | 31 (29.2) | 9 (24.3) | 0.56 |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 43 (40.6) | 10 (27) | 0.142 |