Table 1.
Study population characteristics in the discovery and the validation panela.
| Characteristics | Discovery Panel | Validation Panel |
|---|---|---|
| n | 978 | 531 |
| Age (years) | 62.1 (6.5) | 62.0 (6.6) |
| Sex (male) | 495 (50.6%) | 207 (39.0%) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Current smoker | 181 (18.5%) | 98 (18.4%) |
| Former smoker | 328 (33.5%) | 182 (34.3%) |
| Never smoker | 469 (48.0%) | 251 (47.3%) |
| Pack-years of smoking | ||
| Current smokers | 36.8 (19.3) | 33.9 (17.5) |
| Former smokers | 23.3 (16.3) | 19.9 (15.1) |
| Smoking cessation time (years)b | 17.3 (11.3) | 17.6 (10.6) |
| Body mass indexc | ||
| Underweight or normal weight (< 25.0) | 245 (25.1%) | 162 (30.5%) |
| Overweight (25.0 to <30.0) | 472 (48.4%) | 228 (42.9%) |
| Obese (≥ 30.0) | 258 (26.5%) | 141 (26.6%) |
| Alcohol consumptiond | ||
| Abstainer | 311 (34.1%) | 169 (34.4%) |
| Low | 531 (58.2%) | 290 (59.1%) |
| Intermediate | 53 (5.8%) | 27 (5.5%) |
| High | 17 (1.9%) | 5 (1.0%) |
| Physical activitye | ||
| Inactive | 189 (19.3%) | 109 (20.5%) |
| Low | 433 (44.3%) | 261 (49.2%) |
| Medium or high | 356 (36.4%) | 161 (30.3%) |
| Frailty categories (cut-off points) | ||
| Non-frail (≤ 0.20) | 435 (44.5%) | 263 (49.5%) |
| Pre-frail (0.20 ∼0.45) | 443 (45.3%) | 220 (41.4%) |
| Frail (≥ 0.45) | 100 (10.2%) | 48 (9.0%) |
Mean values (SD) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables.
Former smokers only, data missing for 9 and 3 participants, respectively, in the discovery and the validation panel; cessation time equals age at recruitment minus age at cessation.
Data missing for 3 participants in the discovery panel.
Data missing for 66 and 40 participants, respectively, in the discovery and the validation panel. Categories defined as follows: abstainer, low [women: 0 to <20 g/d, men: 0 to <40 g/d], intermediate [20 to <40 g/d and 40 to <60 g/d, respectively], high [≥ 40 g/d and ≥ 60 g/d, respectively].
Categories defined as follows: inactive [< 1 h of physical activity/week], low [other], medium or high [≥ 2 h of vigorous and ≥ 2 h of light physical activity/week].