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. 2016 Sep 18;7(44):71255–71273. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.12104

Figure 12. Mechanism by which GILT inhibits retrovirus replication.

Figure 12

A. A viral particle is internalized to an endosome of a host cell. In the endosome, GILT digests S-S bonds of the viral Env proteins, and attenuates the infection. Secreted GILT also digests S-S bonds of the viral Env proteins. B. GILT does not inhibit MLV virion formation, but decreases infectivity of released MLV particles. GILT digests S-S bonds of viral Env protein in the released viral particle. C. In GILT-negative cells, HIV-1 Gag protein forms a complex with CD63, and is transported to cell surface. Finally, virions are formed and released. In GILT-expressing cells, CD63 S-S bonds are digested, and HIV-1 Gag protein cannot form a complex with disulfide bond-deficient CD63. The free HIV-1 Gag protein is degraded by an unknown mechanism.