Table 1. Overview of PAR genes and their functions.

Category	Gene Name	Gene function	References
Tumor suppressors	PPP2R3B	Subunit of PP2A. PP2A is inhibited by BCR-ABL1 and FTY720 has been reported to activate PP2A.	[30–34]
	SLC25A6	Component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), which transports ADP in and ATP out of the mitochondrial matrix, to regulate metabolism and apoptosis. Downregulated in HL-60 and K562 leukemia cell lines.	[35–37]
	SHOX	Mutations and deletions observed in Hodgkin's lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma.	[28, 38–40]
	ASMT	Acetylseratonin O-methyltransferase, catalyzes final step of melatonin synthesis. Melatonin induces cytotoxicity in chemoresistant leukemia cell lines.	[41–45]
	DHRSX	Oxidoreductase enzyme that regulates autophagy.	[46, 47]
Proto-oncogenes	CRLF2	Receptor for thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which activates JAK-STAT signaling. Overexpression is observed in ALL.	[48–52]
	IL3RA	Receptor for IL-3, which stimulates proliferation of myeloid cells. Upregulated in AML, MDS, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and other hematological malignancies.	[53–58]
Context-Dependent	CSF2RA	Receptor for GM-CSF, which stimulates proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Upregulation is observed in CMML and JMML. Loss of GM-CSF signaling has also been reported to promote t(8;21) leukemogenesis.	[59–64]
	P2RY8	Purinergic orphan receptor of the G-protein coupled receptor family. P2RY8 upregulation has been reported in leukemias. Loss of function mutations have been reported in lymphomas.	[44, 65, 66]
	IL9R	Receptor for IL9, which stimulates proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. Upregulation of IL9R has been observed in leukemias and lymphomas. IL9 has also been reported to possess tumor suppressive functions via the activation of immunosurveillance.	[67–69]
	CD99	Cell surface glycoprotein expressed on hematopoietic cells. CD99 regulates T-cell adhesion and apoptosis. Anti-CD99 antibodies have also been reported to promote apoptosis.	[70–73]
Inactive	SPRY3	One of the four mammalian Sprouty proteins.	[74–76]
	VAMP7	Vesicle associated membrane protein found in membranes of late endosomes and lysosomes. Aids in fusion of vesicles to target membranes, which is also required for cytotoxic granule release in NK cells.	[74, 75, 77–80]
Uncharacterized	PLCXD1	PLCXD1 was found to be methylated in melanoma cell lines.	[81]
	ASMTL	Point mutations in ASMTL have been reported in childhood ALL.	[82, 83]
	AKAP17A	Binds to type I and II PKA and interacts with splicing factors to regulate alternative splicing.	[84, 85]
	ZBED	Transcription factor that regulates DNA replication and cell proliferation genes.	[86, 87]
	XG	Blood group antigen, shares 48% sequence homology with CD99.	[88–91]
	GTPBP6	Putative GTP-binding protein, contains 4 GTP-binding sites.	[92, 93]