Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Cynipoidea

Abstract Abstract

Background

The British and Irish checklist of Cynipoidea is revised, considerably updating the last complete checklist published in 1978. Disregarding uncertain identifications, 220 species are now known from Britain and Ireland, comprising 91 Cynipidae (including two established non-natives), 127 Figitidae and two Ibaliidae.

New information

One replacement name is proposed, Kleidotoma thomsoni Forshage, for the secondary homonym Kleidotoma tetratoma Thomson, 1861 (nec K. tetratoma (Hartig, 1841)).

Introduction

This paper continues the series of updated British and Irish Hymenoptera checklists that started with Broad and Livermore (2014a), Broad and Livermore (2014b), Liston et al. (2014) and with an introduction by Broad (2014). This represents the first complete update of the British list since 1978 (Fitton et al. 1978).

The Cynipoidea is a rather diverse superfamily of three British families (the Austrocynipidae and Liopteridae are entirely extralimital). The Figitidae and Ibaliidae comprise koinobiont endoparasitoids of other insects whereas the Cynipidae are gall-formers, or inquilines of gall-formers. A summary of cynipoid biology can be found in Gauld and Bolton (1988). Briefly, many Figitidae are parasitoids of Diptera larvae although the Charipinae are hyperparasitoids of primary parasitoids in aphids and some other Homoptera and the Anacharitinae are parasitoids of Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera); the small family Ibaliidae are specialised parasitoids of Siricidae larvae; and the Cynipidae are entirely phytophagous, most conspicuously as gall-formers of oaks (Quercus) but with numerous species galling other Rosaceae (and a few other plants) and the tribe Synergini are inquilines of other cynipid galls. A few representative Cynipoidea are illustrated in Figs 1, 2, 3.

Representative British Cynipidae

Figure 1a.

Andricus quercuscorticis (Linnaeus), agamic female (J.P. Bowdrey)

Figure 1b.

Biorhiza pallida (Olivier), sexual females on their gall (J.P. Bowdrey)

Figure 1c.

Synergus thaumacerus (Dalman) male (courtesy of E. Klimsa)

Representative British Cynipidae.

Figure 2a.

Male Synergus sp. (J. Bowdrey).

Figure 2b.

Ovipositing female Neuroterus anthracinus (Curtis) (J. Bowdrey).

Representative British Figitidae

Figure 3a.

Anacharis eucharoides (Dalman) (Anacharitinae), female (courtesy of E. Klimsa)

Figure 3b.

Callaspidia defonscolombei Dalman (Aspicerinae) female ovipositing in Syrphidae larva (courtest of B. Williams)

Figure 3c.

Trybliographa sp. (Eucoilinae), female (courtesy of E. Klimsa)

Figure 3d.

Amphitectus areolatus (Hartig) (Figitinae), female (courtesy of E. Klimsa)

The British Cynipidae checklist was updated comparatively recently (Spooner and Bowdrey 2000) and Irish checklists were published by O'Connor and Nash (1998), O'Connor et al. (2003), O'Connor (2004), O'Connor et al. (2009) and O'Connor et al. (2009). Our knowledge of the figitid fauna is still far from perfect but recent work by M. Forshage on the European Eucoilinae and a catalogue of Charipinae (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2012b plus updated synonymy in several other papers) have been timely. MF has sorted and identified the BMNH collections of British Eucoilinae, adding many new species and distribution records. In contrast to the rather neglected Figitidae and Ibaliidae, gall wasps (Cynipidae) have received a certain amount of attention over the years and are studied and recorded under the auspices of the British Plant Gall Society. The numbers of valid, certainly identified Cynipoidea are listed by family and country in Table 1. The total fauna has increased by 9% since the last checklist (Quinlan 1978b). This rather small increase can be explained by the substantial increase in taxonomic work in recent years, resulting in synonymy and corrected identifications nearly keeping pace with new discoveries.

Table 1.

Numbers of confirmed British and Irish Cynipoidea broken down by family and country, with numbers from the 1978 checklist (Quinlan 1978b) for comparison. Totals do not include uncertain identifications.

family	total valid species 1978	total valid species 2017	England	Scotland	Wales	Ireland	Isle of Man
Cynipidae	78 [inc. 1 introduced]	91 [inc. 2 introduced]	87	49	56	48	13
Figitidae	123	127	111	44	30	50	1
Ibaliidae	1	2	2	1	0	0	0
	202	220	200	94	86	98	14

Materials and methods

We reference all additions to and deletions from the 1978 British list (Quinlan 1978a) and record country-level distribution within the British Isles, i.e. England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland (as one unit) and the Isle of Man. A more complete introduction to the methods and rationale behind this checklist series can be found in Broad (2014).

Because the agamic and sexual generations of cynipids are sometimes referred to by different names, these are differentiated in the checklist. The following conventions and abbreviations are used:

[species] taxon deleted from the British and Irish list and nomina dubia

BMNH Natural History Museum, London

# known introductions occurring only under artificial conditions or established in the wild

? status (including uncertain synonymy) or identification in the British Isles uncertain

misident. has been misidentified as this name

nom. dub. nomen dubium, a name of doubtful status

nom. ob. nomen oblitum, ‘forgotten name’, does not have priority over a younger name

nom. nov. nomen novum, a replacement name

nom. nud. nomen nudum, an unavailable name, with no type specimen

preocc. name preoccupied (junior homonym)

stat. rev. status revocatus, revived status (e.g. raised from synonymy)

unavailable name unavailable under provisions of the zoological code

var. variety, only available as a valid name under certain provisions of the zoological code

f. form, only available as a valid name under certain provisions of the zoological code

-a- name based on agamic (asexual) generation (used in Cynipidae)

-s- name based on sexual generation (used in Cynipidae)

Distribution data for Cynipidae are mainly derived by JPB from published sources, but thanks are due to the following for supplying additional data: Janet Boyd, Records Data Manager, British Plant Gall Society; Adrian Fowles, Countryside Council for Wales; Kate Hawkins, Manx Natural Heritage; David Notton, BMNH; Mark Pavett, National Museum of Wales (all pers. comm.). Distribution data for Figitidae and Ibaliidae are mainly from BMNH and cited published sources.

Word document and Excel spreadsheet versions of the checklist are available as supplementary files: Suppl. materials 1, 2.

Checklists

Cynipidae

Cynipidae

Latreille, 1802

Notes

Liljeblad and Ronquist (1998), Ronquist (1999) and Ronquist et al. (2015) employed a series of monophyletic tribes, in the absence of strong evidence for relationships above this level. Synonymy for Cynipidae includes all names that have appeared in the British literature but does not necessarily include all Palaearctic names proposed as varieties or forms. For complete synonymy please see Melika (2006a) and Melika (2006b), also Nieves-Aldrey (2001). It should be borne in mind that future molecular studies may change our understanding of some species concepts and their alternating generations.

Aulacideini

Nieves-Aldrey, 1994

Notes

The availability of the name Aulacideini has been questioned and is currently being looked into. This will possibly only be solved by the ICZN.

Aulacidea

Ashmead, 1897

• PSEUDAULAX Ashmead,1903

Notes

Species of Aulacidea removed from the British and Irish list:

[andrei (Kieffer, 1900, Aulax)] Added by Bagnall (1931) from the gall. Discussed by Bowdrey (1999), who concluded that this record was in error.

Aulacidea follioti

Barbotin, 1972

Distribution

England

Notes

added by Bowdrey (1994).

Aulacidea hieracii

(Linnaeus, 1758)

• Cynips hieracii Linnaeus, 1758

• sabaudi (Hartig, 1840, Aylax)

• graminis (Cameron, 1875, Aulax)

• artemisiae (Thomson, 1877, Aylax)

• crassinervis (Thomson, 1877, Aylax)

• foveigera (Thomson, 1877, Aylax)

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales

Aulacidea nibletti

Quinlan & Askew, 1969

Distribution

Scotland

Aulacidea pilosellae

(Kieffer, 1901)

• Aulax pilosellae Kieffer, 1901

Distribution

England

Aulacidea subterminalis

Niblett, 1946

Distribution

England

Aulacidea tragopogonis

(Thomson, 1877)

• Aulax tragopogonis Thomson, 1877

• pigeoti (Kieffer, 1898, Aulax)

Distribution

England

Notes

A. pigeoti, added by Bagnall and Harrison (1930) on the basis of galls only (root collar of Tragopogon porrifolius), was synonymised by Eady and Quinlan (1963) with tragopogonis but erroneously so with hieracii in Fauna Europaea (Noyes et al. 2004) (Nieves-Aldrey, pers. comm.).

Isocolus

Förster, 1869

• EUBOTHRUS Förster, 1869

Isocolus fitchi

(Kieffer, 1898)

• Aulax fitchi Kieffer, 1898

Distribution

England

Isocolus jaceae

(Schenck, 1863)

• Aulax jaceae Schenck, 1863

• affinis (Schenck, 1863, Aylax)

Distribution

England, Scotland

Isocolus scabiosae

(Giraud, 1859)

• Diastrophus scabiosae Giraud, 1859

• areolatus (Giraud, 1859, Diastrophus)

• centaureae (Thomson, 1877, Aulax)

• rogenhoferi Wachtl, 1880

Distribution

England

Notes

rogenhoferi: galls bracts of Centaurea scabiosa, but not now considered to be a distinct species (Nieves-Aldrey 1994).

Liposthenes

Förster, 1869

• LIPOSTHENUS misspelling

Liposthenes glechomae

(Linnaeus, 1758)

• Cynips glechomae Linnaeus, 1758

• latreillei (Kieffer, 1898, Aulax)

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Isle of Man

Aylacini

Ashmead, 1903

Aylax

Hartig, 1840

• AULAX Hartig, 1843

Aylax minor

Hartig, 1840

Distribution

England, Ireland

Aylax papaveris

(Perris, 1840)

• Diplolepis papaveris Perris, 1840

• rhoeadis (Bouché, 1834, Cynips)

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales

Ceroptresini

Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander & Ronquist, 2015

Ceroptres

Hartig, 1840

Ceroptres cerri

Mayr, 1873

• Ceroptres cerriphilus Giraud, 1911

• vitripennis Giraud, 1911

Distribution

England

Notes

Added by Jennings Jennings (2016).

Ceroptres clavicornis

Hartig, 1840

• socialis Hartig, 1840

• arator Hartig, 1841

• melanonerus Hartig, 1841

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Cynipini

Latreille, 1802[4]

Notes

Generic classification of oak-associated Cynipini follows Melika and Abrahamson (2002). As sexual and agamic generations have often been described under different names, those based on agamic generation are denoted by the suffix '-a-', those based on the sexual generation by '-s-'.

Andricus

Hartig, 1840

• APHILOTHRIX Förster, 1869

• LIODORA Förster, 1869

• MANDERSTJERNIA Radoszkowski, 1866

• TRICHOTERAS Ashmead, 1897

• PARANDRICUS Kieffer, 1906

• ADLERIA Rohwer & Fagan, 1917

• EUSCHMITZIA Dettmer, 1925

• ONCASPIS Dettmer, 1925

• DROS Kinsey,1937

• DRUON Kinsey, 1937

• FERON Kinsey, 1937

• CONOBIOS Kinsey, 1938

Notes

Species of Andricus removed from the British and Irish list:

[clementinus (Giraud, 1859, Cynips) -a-] Added by Cameron (1893) from the gall only. An agamic female in the Morley collection at Ipswich Museum is quercusradicis. No recent records.

[gallaetinctoriae (Olivier, 1791, Diplolepis) -a-, syn. tinctoria (Hartig, 1843, Cynips) -a-] Niblett et al. (1932) (following Houard) state that this species was accidentally introduced in the 19th Century on Quercus aegilops, and never established.

[gallaeurniformis (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832, Diplolepis) -a-, syn. sufflator Mayr, 1882 -s-] First recorded from old galls by Bagnall and Harrison (1918). Sexual generation also included by Eady and Quinlan (1963), doubtfully British, no confirmed records.

[quercustozae (Bosc, 1792, Cynips) -a-] Added by Eady and Quinlan (1967) on the basis of a single gall found on a road at Kew. No further records.

[trotteri Kieffer, 1898 -a-] Added by Bagnall and Harrison (1918) from the gall only. No further records and rejected as British by Eady and Quinlan (1963).

Andricus amenti

Giraud, 1859 -s-

• callidoma (Giraud, 1859, Cynips) preocc. -a-

• giraudianus Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910 -a-

Distribution

England, Scotland

Notes

Sexual generation catkin galls first recorded by Traill (1873). The asexual generation, described as giraudianus Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910, has not been recorded in Britain.

Andricus aries

(Giraud, 1859) -a-

• Cynips aries Giraud, 1859

Distribution

England, Wales

Notes

Added by Leach (1999). First recorded from the agamic generation, the sexual generation was reported by Walker (2001b).

Andricus callidoma

(Hartig, 1841) -a-

• Cynips callidoma Hartig, 1841

• cirratus Adler, 1881 -s-

• giraudi Wachtl, 1882 -a-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Andricus corruptrix

(Schlechtendal, 1870) -a-

• Cynips corruptrix Schlechtendal, 1870

• ambigua (Trotter, 1899, Cynips) -a-

• corruptrix f. elianae Melika, Csóka & Pujade-Villar, 2000 nom. nud. -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Notes

Cynips ambigua was placed by Bellido et al. (2005) in synonymy with corruptrix but previously regarded as a distinct species (Melika et al. 2000). Agamic generation reported by Harrison (1930) from Co. Durham and Forfarshire. The sexual generation was described as forma elianae. Form larshemi Leeuwen and Dekhuijzen-Maasland (1958), was described as the sexual generation of corruptrix but is now believed to be improprius Bellido & Pujade-Villar, 2004, fide Folliot et al. (2004), who also produced the true sexual generation of corruptrix experimentally.

Andricus cryptobius

Wachtl, 1880 -s-

Distribution

England

Notes

Added by Bowdrey (2015); an adult female was identified as this species by G. Melika with the proviso that it might be the sexual generation of a morphologically undescribed species known from DNA sequencing.

Andricus curvator

Hartig, 1840 -s-

• axillaris (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) -s-

• collaris (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) -a-

• roeselii (Dahlbom, 1842, Cynips) (nom. nud.) -s-

• dimidiatus (Schenck, 1863, Spathegaster) -s-

• fasciatus Schenck, 1863 -a-

• perfoliatus Schenck, 1863 -s-

• sulcata (Förster, 1869, Liodora) -s-

• fasciata (Schlechtendal, 1870, Cynips) -a-

• tegmentorum (Schlechtendal, 1870, Cynips) -a-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Andricus foecundatrix

(Hartig, 1840) -a-

• Cynips foecundatrix Hartig, 1840

• fecundator misspelling

• quercusgemmae (Linnaeus, 1758, Cynips)

• gemmarum Lacaze-Duthiers, 1853 -a-

• gemmae (Schenck, 1863, Cynips) -a

• pilosus Adler, 1881 -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Andricus gemmeus

(Giraud, 1859) -a-

• Cynips gemmea Giraud, 1859

• kirschbergi (Wachtl, 1876, Aphilothrix) -a-

• gemmae Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910 -a-

Distribution

England

Notes

Added by Bowdrey (2009). Previously reported by Ormerod (see Cameron 1893), but reportedly as a leaf gall, so the record is suspect.

Andricus gemmicola

Kieffer, 1901

Distribution

England

Notes

Gall recorded by Bagnall and Harrison (1919) and adult male possibly of this species by Eady and Quinlan (1963). Only the sexual generation is known, inducing bud galls of Quercus robur, collected in France (Dalla Torre and Kieffer 1910). Bagnall and Harrison (1918) mentioned this species from Great Britain but this record requires confirmation (Eady and Quinlan 1963). A species of uncertain status, type probably lost.

Andricus glandulae

(Hartig, 1840) -a-

• Cynips glandulae Hartig, 1840

• xanthopsis Schlechtendal, 1884 -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Andricus grossulariae

Giraud, 1859 -s-

• mayri (Wachtl, 1879, Aphilothrix) -a-

• panteli Kieffer, 1896 -a-

• gemellus Belizin & Maisuradze, 1961 -s-

Distribution

England

Notes

Added by Walker (2001a). Rearing experiments by Walker (2002) confirmed grossulariae to represent the sexual generation of a lifecycle also involving the asexual generation galls known as mayri/ panteli, a pairing also indicated by DNA sequence data (Stone et al. 2008).

Andricus inflator

Hartig, 1840 -s-

• globuli (Hartig, 1841, Cynips) -s-

• inflatioides Belizin & Maisuradze, 1962 -?-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Andricus kollari

(Hartig, 1843) -a-

• Cynips kollari Hartig, 1843

• lignicola auctt. misident.

• quercusgemmae (Christ, 1791, Cynips) preocc. -a-

• circulans Mayr, 1870 -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Notes

Nineteenth Century introduction (Adler and Stratton 1894; Niblett et al. 1932).

Andricus legitimus

Wiebes-Rijks, 1980 -a-

Distribution

England

Andricus lignicolus

(Hartig, 1840) -a-

• Cynips lignicola Hartig, 1840

• var. vanheurni van Leeuwen & Dekhuizen-Maasland, 1958 -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Andricus lucidus

(Hartig, 1843) -a-

• Cynips lucida Hartig, 1843

• aestivalis Giraud, 1859 -s-

• erinaceus (Kieffer, 1900, Adleria) -a-

Distribution

England

Notes

Added by Mosley (1892) from Yorkshire and by (Cameron 1893) from Loch Lomond (sexual form). Not recorded subsequently until reinstated as a British species, from London specimens, by Stone and Sunnocks (1992).

Andricus malpighii

(Adler, 1881) -a-

• Aphilothrix malpighii Adler, 1881

• nudus Adler, 1881 -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Notes

Nomenclature follows Pujade-Villar and Melika (2000).

Andricus paradoxus

(Radoszkowski, 1866) -a-

• Manderstjernia paradoxa Radoszkowski, 1866

• albipunctata (Kaltenbach, 1867, Cynips) -a-

• majalis (Girauld, 1868, Cynips) preocc. -a-

• albopunctata (Schlechtendal, 1870, Cynips) -a-

• lambertoni Kieffer, 1897 -a-

• albopunctatus f. barbotini Folliot, 1964 -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Notes

Taxonomy follows Melika et al. (2000).

Andricus quadrilineatus

Hartig, 1840 -a-

• ambiguus Schenck, 1863 -a-

• glabriusculus Schenck, 1863 -a-

• pedunculi Schenck, 1863 -a-

• verrucosus Schenck, 1863 -a-

• marginalis (Schlechtendal, 1870, Cynips) -a-

• 4-lineata (Thomson, 1877, Cynips) -a-

• kiefferi Pigeot, 1900 -s-

• quadrilineatus f. kiefferi Folliot, 1964 -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Notes

Synonymy of marginalis and quadrilineatus established by Folliot (1964).

Andricus quercuscalicis

(Burgsdorff, 1783) -a-

• Cynips quercuscalicis Burgsdorff, 1783

• cerri Beyerinck, 1896 -s-

• beyerincki Trotter, 1899 -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Andricus quercuscorticis

(Linnaeus, 1761) -a-

• Cynips quercuscorticis Linnaeus, 1761

• corticis (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) unjustified emendation -a-

• brevicornis (Hartig, 1841, Cynips) -s-

• gemmatus Adler, 1881 -s-

• krajnovici Tavares, 1901 -a-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Andricus quercusradicis

(Fabricius, 1798) -a-

• Cynips quercusradicis Fabricius, 1798

• noduli Hartig, 1840 -s-

• trilineatus Hartig, 1840 -s-

• parasiticus (Hartig, 1841, Neuroterus) -s-

• radicis (Hartig, 1841, Cynips) unjustified emendation -a-

• rugiscuta Thomson, 1877 -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Andricus quercusramuli

(Linnaeus, 1761) -s-

• Cynips quercusramuli Linnaeus, 1761

• autumnalis (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) -a-

• amentorum (Hartig, 1843, Teras)

• ramuli Schenck, 1863 unjustified emendation -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Andricus rhyzomae

(Hartig, 1843) -a-

• Cynips rhyzomae Hartig, 1843

• ionescui Kierych, 1965 -a-

Distribution

England, Wales

Notes

Gall recorded by Bagnall and Harrison (1918) and Burkill (1933). Modern UK status uncertain. Galls of the sexual generation unconfirmed in Britain. See also under testaceipes.

Andricus seminationis

(Giraud, 1859) -a-

• Cynips seminationis Giraud, 1859

• inflorescentiae (Schlechtendal, 1870, Cynips) -?-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales

Notes

No sexual generation known.

Andricus sieboldi

(Hartig, 1843) -a-

• Cynips sieboldi Hartig, 1843

• corticalis (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) -a-

• quercuscorticis (Bechstein & Scharfenberg, 1805, Cynips) preocc. -a-

• occidentalis Folliot, 1964 -a-

• sieboldi f. poissoni Folliot, 1964 -s-

Distribution

England, Wales

Notes

sieboldi f. poissoni Folliot, 1964: sexual generation, produced experimentally.

Andricus singularis

Mayr, 1870 -s-

• singulus Mayr, 1881 -s-

Distribution

England

Notes

added by Jennings (2014)

Andricus solitarius

(Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832) -a-

• Diplolepis solitarius Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832

• ferruginea (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) -a-

• occultus Tschek, 1871 -s-

• gallaepyriformis (Olivier, 1791, Diplolepis) -a-

• filigranata (Dettmer, 1925, Oncaspis) -s-

• villarrubiae Tavares, 1930 -a-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Andricus testaceipes

Hartig, 1840 -s-

• var. nodifex Kieffer, 1900 -s-

Distribution

England?

Notes

Maintained with a query; possibly the unconfirmed sexual generation of rhyzomae (q.v.). If specifically distinct, British records need confirmation. See Melika (2006a).

Aphelonyx

Mayr, 1881

Aphelonyx cerricola

(Giraud, 1859) -a-

• Cynips cerricola Giraud, 1859

Distribution

England

Notes

added by Crawley (1997)

Biorhiza

Westwood, 1840

• APOPHYLLUS Hartig, 1840

• TERAS Hartig, 1840 preocc.

• PHILONIPS Walsh, 1864

• HETEROBIUS Guérin-Méneville, 1865

• DRYOTERAS Förster, 1869

• HARTIGIA Rondani, 1871 preocc.

Biorhiza pallida

(Olivier, 1791) -s-

• Diplolepis pallidus Olivier, 1791

• aptera (Bosc, 1791, Cynips) preocc. -a-

• gallaealvaeriformis (D'Anthoine, 1794, Diplolepis) -s-

• gallaecerebriformis (D'Anthoine, 1794, Diplolepis) -s-

• quercusterminalis (Fabricius, 1798, Cynips) -s-

• terminalis (Hartig, 1840, Teras) unjustified emendation -s-

• sieboldi (Stadelman, 1892, Andricus) preocc. -a-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Callirhytis

Förster, 1869

• EUSYMPHAGUS Dettmer, 1930

Notes

Species of Callirhytis removed from the British and Irish list:

[glandium (Giraud, 1859, Andricus) -a-] Recorded by Rolfe (1881) and Askew (1959) but in error fide Eady and Quinlan (1963).

Callirhytis bella

(Dettmer, 1930) -s-

• Eusymphagus belllus Dettmer, 1930

Distribution

England, Wales, Ireland

Callirhytis erythrocephala

(Giraud, 1859) -a-

• Andricus erythrocephala Giraud, 1859

• ? erythrosoma Dettmer, 1933 -a-

• erythrostoma Dettmer, 1933 -a-

• hartigi Förster, 1869 -s- synonymy by Pujade-Villar et al. (2007)

Distribution

England, Wales

Notes

Callirhytis hartigi Förster, 1869 established as the sexual generation by Pujade-Villar et al. (2007), who produce evidence that erythrosoma may be a separate species.

Cynips

Linnaeus, 1758

• DIPLOLEPIS misapplied

• DRYOPHANTA Förster, 1869

Notes

Species of Cynips excluded from the British and Irish list:

[quercus (Fourcroy, 1785, Diplolepis) -a-; syn. pubescentis (Mayr, 1881, Dryophanta) -s-] Both generations reported by Bagnall and Harrison (1918), Bagnall and Harrison (1919) from several localities in Northumberland and Tyne & Wear, perhaps in error due to confusion with the similar quercusfolii. There are no subsequent records and the species requires confirmation as British.

Cynips agama

Hartig, 1840 -a-

• f. mailleti Folliot, 1964 -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Cynips disticha

Hartig, 1840 -a-

• f. indistincta Niblett, 1948 -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Cynips divisa

Hartig, 1840 -a-

• verrucosus (Schlechtendal, 1870, Spathegaster) -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Cynips longiventris

Hartig, 1840 -a-

• similis (Adler, 1881, Spathegaster) -s-

• f. substituta Kinsey, 1930 -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Cynips quercusfolii

Linnaeus, 1758 -a-

• floriiquercus Gleditsch, 1774 -a-

• scutellaris (Olivier, 1791, Diplolepis) -a-

• gallaecerasiformis D'Anthoine, 1794 -a-

• gallaeunedoniformis (D'Anthoine, 1794, Diplolepis) -a-

• flosculi (Giraud, 1868, Spathegaster) -s-

• giraudi (Tschek, 1869, Spathegaster) -s-

• taschenbergi (Schlechtendal, 1870, Spathegaster) -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Notes

Galls of the sexual generation were recorded as flosculi by Bagnall and Harrison (1918); there appear to be no further records.

Dryocosmus

Giraud, 1859

Notes

Species of Dryocosmus removed from the British and Irish list:

[cerriphilus Giraud, 1859 -a-] Galls recorded once by Fitch (1874); no further UK records.

Dryocosmus kuriphilus

Yasumatsu, 1951

Distribution

England

Notes

Added by Malumphy (2015), EPPO (2015). This highly invasive, East Asian species has spread across Europe and has recently been reported from Kent and Hertfordshire. As the UK has Protected Zone Status for this global pest, apparently successful attempts were made to eradicate D. kuriphilus at the two outbreak sites and it should not be formally added to the British list at this stage.

Neuroterus

Hartig, 1840

• SPATHEGASTER Hartig, 1840

• AMERISTUS Förster, 1869

• DOLICHOSTROPHUS Ashmead, 1887

• NEOSPATHEGASTER Kinsey, 1923

• DIPLOBIUS Kinsey, 1923

• NEONEUROTERUS Monzen, 1954

• REPENTINIA Belizin & Maisuradze, 1961

Notes

Species of Neuroterus removed from the British and Irish list:

[punctatus (Bignell, 1892, Spathegaster)] Described by Bignell (1892), no subsequent records.

Neuroterus albipes

(Schenck, 1863) -s-

• Spathegaster albipes Schenck, 1863

• laeviusculus Schenck, 1863 -a-

• pezizaeformis Schlechtendal, 1870

• codinae Tavares, 1928 -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Notes

Form ‘borealis’ described by Entwistle and Hails (1997).

Neuroterus anthracinus

(Curtis, 1838) -a-

• Cynips anthracina Curtis, 1838

• flavipes (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832, Diplolepis) -a- nom. ob.

• ostrea (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) -a-

• furunculus Beyerinck, 1882 -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Notes

Transferred from Andricus by Pujade-Villar et al. (1998).

Neuroterus numismalis

(Geoffroy, 1785) -a-

• Cynips numismalis Geoffroy, 1785

• numismatis (Olivier, 1790, Cynips) -a-

• defectus Hartig, 1840 -a-

• reaumuri Hartig -a-

• quercustiarae (Curtis, 1843, Cynips)

• nigricornis Schenck, 1863 -a-

• vesicatrix (Schlechtendal, 1870, Cynips) -s-

• vesicator Hieronymus, 1890 -s-

• brunneus Dettmer, 1925 -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Neuroterus politus

Hartig, 1840 -s-

• petioliventris (Hartig, 1840, Spathegaster) -s-

• bipunctatus Hartig, 1841 -s-

• nitens Hartig, 1841 -a-

• rubeculus Hartig, 1841 -a-

• aprilinus (Giraud, 1859, Spathegaster) -s-

• schlechtendali Mayr, 1870 -a-

• burgundus (Schlechtendal, 1870, Andricus) preocc. -a-

• schlechtendali Mayr, 1870 -a-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Neuroterus quercusbaccarum

(Linnaeus, 1758) -s-

• Cynips quercusbaccarum Linnaeus, 1758

• quercuspedunculi (Linnaeus, 1758, Cynips) -s-

• baccarumquercus (Fourcroy, 1785, Cynips) -s-

• pedunculiquercus (Fourcroy, 1785, Cynips) -s-

• lenticularis (Olivier, 1791, Diplolepis) -a-

• longipennis (Fabricius, 1793, Cynips) -a-

• gallaelenticulae (D'Anthoine, 1794, Diplolepis) -a-

• gallaepisiformis (D'Anthoine, 1794, Diplolepis) -s-

• malpighii Hartig, 1840 -a-

• interruptrix (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) -s-

• interruptor (Hartig, 1841, Spathegaster) -s-

• baccarum (Blanchard, 1849, Cynips) -s-

• pedunculi (Duméril, 1860, Diplolepis) -s-

• attenuatus Schenck, 1863 -a-

• striatus Schenck, 1863 -a-

• pseudodisticha (Küstenmacher, 1894, Dryophanta) -s-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Neuroterus tricolor

(Hartig, 1841) -s-

• Spathegaster tricolor Hartig, 1841

• fumipennis Hartig, 1841 -a-

• varius (Schenck, 1863, Spathegaster) -a-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Plagiotrochus

Mayr, 1881

• FIORIA Kieffer, 1903

• FIORIELLA Kiefer, 1903

Plagiotrochus australis

(Mayr, 1882) -a-

• Dryocosmus australis Mayr, 1882

Distribution

England, Wales

Notes

Added by Robbins (2007) based on old agamic gall only; subsequently found at Imperial Wharf and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, both London (D.G. Notton, pers. comm.). Galls introduced Quercus ilex and Q. coccifera.

Plagiotrochus coriaceus

(Mayr, 1882) -a-

• Andricus coriaceus Mayr, 1882

• pseudococcus (Kieffer, 1902, Andricus) -a-

Distribution

Wales

Notes

Added by Robbins (2007), based on old agamic gall only.

Plagiotrochus quercusilicis

(Fabricius, 1798) -s-

• Cynips quercusilicis Fabricius, 1798

• cocciferae (Lichtenstein, 1877, Andricus) -s-

• ilicis (Lichtenstein, 1877, Andricus) -s-

• emeryi Mayr, 1882 -s-

• fusifex Mayr, 1882 -s-

Distribution

England

Notes

Added by Hancy and Hancy (2004). Added from sexual generation gall, adults reared. Recent records from Devon, Cornwall and Hampshire (Isle of Wight). Catkin galls reported by Biggs (2011) from Isle of Wight as forma fusifex, which has no taxonomic status.

Pseudoneuroterus

Kinsey, 1923

Pseudoneuroterus saliens

(Kollar, 1857) -a-

• Cynips saliens Kollar, 1857

• saltans (Giraud, 1859, Neuroterus) -a-

• glandiformis (Giraud, 1859, Spathegaster) -s-

Distribution

England

Notes

added by Redfern (2006)

Trigonaspis

Hartig, 1840

• XANTHOTERAS Ashmead, 1897

• BELIZINELLA Kovatev, 1965

• USSURASPIS Kovalev, 1965

Notes

Species of Trigonaspis removed from the British and Irish list:

[synaspis (Hartig, 1841, Apophyllus) -a-; syn. megapteropsis Wriese, 1900 -s-] Recorded by Bagnall and Harrison (1918) from the agamic gall; no further records.

Trigonaspis megaptera

(Panzer, 1801) -s-

• crustalis Hartig, 1840 -s-

• renum (Hartig, 1840, Cynips) -a-

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Diastrophini

Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander & Ronquist, 2015

Diastrophus

Hartig, 1840

• GONASPIS Ashmead, 1897

Notes

Species of Diastrophus removed from the British and Irish list:

[mayri Reinhard, 1876] The status of mayri as a British species appears to rest solely on three published references to the species: Cameron (1893), subsequently quoted in Connold (1909) and repeated by Swanton (1912). Nowhere does Cameron claim to have evidence of this species’ occurrence in Britain, merely comparing its gall to other British species of Diastrophus and Xestophanes. As there appear to be no genuine UK records it should therefore be excluded.

Diastrophus rubi

(Bouché, 1834)

• Cynips rubi Bouché, 1834

• aphidivorus Cameron, 1889

• hartigi (Marshall, 1867, Andricus)

Distribution

England, Wales, Ireland

Periclistus

Förster, 1869

Periclistus brandtii

(Ratzeburg, 1831)

• Cynips brandtii Ratzeburg, 1831

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales

Periclistus caninae

(Hartig, 1840)

• Aylax caninae Hartig, 1840

• germanus (Schenck, 1863, Aulax)

• rosarum Dettmer, 1925

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Periclistus spinosissimae

Dettmer, 1924

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Notes

Close to caninae, taxonomic status needs revision (note in Fauna Europaea).

Xestophanes

Förster, 1869

Xestophanes brevitarsis

(Thomson, 1877)

• Aulax brevitarsis Thomson, 1877

• tormentillae Schlechtendal, 1880

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Xestophanes potentillae

(Retzius, 1783)

• Cynips potentillae Retzius, 1783

• brevicornis (Curtis, 1838, Cynips) preocc.

• splendens (Hartig, 1840, Aylax)

• laevigata Schenck, 1863

• abbreviatus (Thomson, 1877, Aulax)

• foveicollis (Thomson, 1877, Aulax)

Distribution

England, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Phanacidini

Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander & Ronquist, 2015

Phanacis

Förster, 1860

• GILLETTEA Ashmead, 1897

Phanacis caulicola

(Hedicke, 1939)

• Aylax caulicola Hedicke, 1939

Distribution

England, Wales

Phanacis centaureae

(Förster, 1860)

• Cynips centaureae Förster, 1860

• punctipleuris (Thomson, 1877, Aulax)

• karadagica Diakontschuk, 1980

• parvulus Diakontschuk, 1980

Distribution

England, Scotland

Phanacis hypochoeridis

(Kieffer, 1887)

• Aulax hypochoeridis Kieffer, 1887

• seriolae Stefani, 1903

Distribution

England, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Phanacis taraxaci

(Ashmead, 1897)

• taraxaci Ashmead, 1897

Distribution

England, Scotland

Notes

Galls recorded from Co. Durham (Bagnall 1917), Derbyshire (Fordham 1917), Northumberland (Bagnall 1917) and Scotland (Bagnall 1932). No recent records.

Timaspis

Mayr, 1881

Notes

Synonymised with Phanacis (Eady and Quinlan 1963); re-established by Nieves-Aldrey (1994) but Melika (2006a) again treated Timaspis as a synonym of Phanacis.

Species of Timaspis removed from the British and Irish list:

[sonchi (De Stefani, 1900, Aulax)] Galls recorded from Norfolk and Surrey by Bagnall and Burkill (1935) but no recent records. Possibly confused in the literature with Aulacidea follioti which also galls Sonchus asper (Nieves-Aldrey 2001).

Timaspis lampsanae

(Perris, 1873)

Distribution

England

Notes

Galls recorded in Norfolk and Derbyshire by Bagnall and Harrison (1934).

Timaspsis lusitanica

(Tavares, 1904)

• Timaspis lusitanica Tavares, 1904

Distribution

England

Notes

added by Jennings (2005)

Diplolepidini

Latreille, 1802

• RHODITINI Hartig, 1840

Diplolepis

Geoffroy, 1762

• RHODITES Hartig, 1840

• HOLOLEXIS Förster, 1869

• TRIBALIA Walsh, 1864

• LYTORHODITES Kieffer, 1902

• NIPPORHODITES Sakugami, 1949

Diplolepis eglanteriae

(Hartig, 1840)

• Rhodites eglanteriae Hartig, 1840

• rufipes (Förster, 1869, Hololexis)

Distribution

England

Notes

Galls not distinguishable from those of the smooth form of nervosa; records from Scotland, Wales and the Isle of Man are based on galls only.

Diplolepis mayri

(Schlechtendal, 1877)

• Rhodites mayri Schlechtendal, 1877

• orthospinae (Beijerinck, 1883, Rhodites)

Distribution

England

Diplolepis nervosa

(Curtis, 1838)

• Cynips nervosa Curtis, 1838

• centifoliae (Hartig, 1840, Rhodites) synonymy by Pujade-Villar and Plantard (2002)

• rosarum (Giraud, 1859, Rhodites)

• andrei (Kieffer, 1904, Rhodites)

• kiefferi (Loiselle, 1912, Rhodites)

• dispar (Niblett, 1943, Rhodites)

Distribution

England, Wales

Diplolepis rosae

(Linnaeus, 1758)

• Cynips rosae Linnaeus, 1758

• bedeguaris Fourcroy, 1785

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Diplolepis spinosissimae

(Giraud, 1859)

• Rhodites spinosissimae Giraud, 1859

• rosae-spinosissimae (Inchbald, 1861, Cynips)

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man

Synergini

Ashmead, 1896

Notes

Taxonomy follows Pujade-Villar et al. (2003).

Saphonecrus

Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910

Saphonecrus connatus

(Hartig, 1840)

• Synergus connatus Hartig, 1840

• erythroneurus (Hartig, 1840, Synergus)

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Synergus

Hartig, 1840

• SAPHOLYTUS Förster, 1869

Notes

Species of Synergus removed from the British and Irish list:

[hayneanus (Ratzeberg, 1833, Cynips)] Added by Morley (1931); specimen in his collection at Ipswich Museum redetermined as umbraculus (Eady 1952).

Synergus apicalis

Hartig, 1841

Distribution

England, Scotland

Synergus clandestinus

Eady, 1952

Distribution

England, Wales, Ireland

Synergus consobrinus

Giraud, 1911

Distribution

England

Notes

Added by Jennings (2017); identified by G. Melika.

Synergus crassicornis

(Curtis, 1838)

• Cynips crassicornis Curtis, 1838

• evanescens Mayr, 1872

• fidelis Tavares, 1920

• carinulatus Dettmer, 1924

Distribution

England, Wales, Ireland

Synergus facialis

Hartig, 1840

• gallaepomiformis misident.

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Notes

This species has hitherto been known as S. gallaepomiformis in Britain but it was shown in Pujade-Villar (2005) that this name refers to another species (of Saphonecrus) and the widespread species should be called facialis. Melika (2006a) proposed that gallaepomiformis (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832, Diplolepis) should be retained as the valid name but did not make an application to ICZN to overturn the type designation of gallaepomiformis.

Synergus incrassatus

Hartig, 1840

• bipunctatus Hartig, 1841

• crassicornis Hartig, 1843 preocc.

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Synergus pallicornis

Hartig, 1841

• pallidicornis Dalla Torre, 1893

Distribution

England, Wales, Ireland

Synergus pallidipennis

Mayr, 1872

Distribution

England, Wales

Synergus pallipes

Hartig, 1840

• flavicornis Hartig, 1840

• nervosus Hartig, 1840

• nigripes Hartig, 1840

• albipes Hartig, 1841

• erythrocerus Hartig, 1841

• variolosus Hartig, 1841

• varius Hartig, 1841

• xanthocerus Hartig, 1841

• tscheki Mayr, 1872

• tristis Mayr, 1873

• hartigi Giraud, 1911

• fulvipes Dettmer, 1924

• mutabilis Dettmer, 1924

Distribution

England, Wales, Ireland

Synergus radiatus

Mayr, 1872

Distribution

England

Synergus reinhardi

Mayr, 1872

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Synergus ruficornis

Hartig, 1840

Distribution

England, Ireland

Synergus thaumacerus

(Dalman, 1823)

• Cynips thaumacera Dalman, 1823

• klugii Hartig, 1840

• carinatus Hartig, 1841

• testaceus (Hartig, 1841, Xystus)

• thaumatocerus Dalla Torre 1893 unjustified emendation

• inflatus Giraud, 1911

• vesiculosus Giraud, 1911

• inflatus Dettmer, 1924 preocc.

Distribution

England

Synergus tibialis

Hartig, 1840

• erythrostomus Hartig, 1841

• immarginatus Hartig, 1841

• rotundiventris Mayr, 1872

Synergus umbraculus

(Olivier, 1791)

• Diplolepis umbraculus Olivier, 1791

• gallaeumbraculatae (D'Anthoine, 1794, Diplolepis)

• rufipes (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832, Diplolepis)

• orientalis Hartig, 1841

• melanopus Hartig, 1843

• socialis Kollar, 1843

• punctatus Dettmer, 1924 preocc.

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Synergus variabilis

Mayr, 1872

• cerridis Giraud, 1911

• conformis Giraud, 1911

• cerricolus Vassileva-Samnalieva, 1986

Distribution

England

Notes

Added by Chinery & Williams in Melika (2006a).

Figitidae

Figitidae

Hartig, 1840

Notes

Some Irish records from O'Connor et al. (2003).

Anacharitinae

Thomson, 1862

• MEGAPELMINAE Förster, 1869

• ACANTHAEGILIPINAE Kovalev, 1979 synonymy by Ronquist (1999)

• PROANACHARITINAE Kovalev, 1979 synonymy by Ronquist (1999)

Notes

Synonymy follows Fergusson (1986) except where otherwise noted.

Aegilips

Haliday in Walker, 1835

Aegilips atricornis

Fergusson, 1985

Distribution

England, Ireland

Notes

added by Fergusson (1985)

Aegilips nitidula

(Dalman, 1823)

• Cynips nitidula Dalman, 1823

• fumipennis (Westwood, 1833, Anacharis)

• rufipes (Westwood, 1833, Anacharis)

• dalmani Reinhard, 1860

• rugicollis Reinhard, 1860

• ruficornis Cameron, 1883

• striolata Cameron, 1883

• bicolorata Cameron, 1887

Distribution

England, Ireland, Isle of Man

Aegilips romseyensis

Fergusson, 1985

Distribution

England

Notes

added by Fergusson (1985)

Aegilips vena

Fergusson, 1985

Distribution

England, Scotland

Notes

added by Fergusson (1985)

Anacharis

Dalman, 1823

• MEGAPELMUS Hartig, 1840

• SYNAPSIS Förster, 1869 preocc.

• PROSYNAPSIS Dalle Torre & Kieffer, 1910

Anacharis eucharoides

(Dalman, 1818)

• tinctus Walker, 1835

• typica Walker, 1835

• petiolata (Zetterstedt, 1838, Cynips)

• spheciformis (Hartig, 1840, Megapelmus)

• eucharioides misspelling

Distribution

England, Ireland

Anacharis immunis

Walker, 1835

• ensifer Walker, 1835

• rufiventris (Hartig, 1841, Megapelmus)

• staegeri Dahlbom, 1842

• aquisgranensis (Förster, 1869, Synapsis)

Distribution

England, Ireland

Xyalaspis

Hartig, 1843

• CONASPICERA Hedicke, 1914

Notes

Western Palaearctic species were revised by Mata-Casanova et al. (2015).

Xyalaspis armata

(Giraud, 1860)

• Aegilips armatus Giraud, 1860

• abietina (Giraud, 1860, Aegilips)

• scotica (Cameron, 1883, Aegilips)

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Xyalaspis petiolata

Kieffer, 1901

• subulifera misident.

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Aspicerinae

Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910

• ONYCHIINAE Thomson, 1862

Aspicera

Dahlbom, 1842

• ONYCHIA Haliday in Curtis, 1829 preocc.

• BELLONA Giraud, 1860

Aspicera scutellata

(Villers, 1789)

• Tenthredo scutellata Villers, 1789

• ediogaster (Rossi, 1790, Evania)

• bicolor (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832, Figites)

• aculeator (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832, Figites)

• ruficollis Kieffer, 1907 (Aspicera scutellata var.)

Distribution

Ireland

Notes

After the taxonomic changes in the revision by Ros-Farré and Pujade-Villar (2013) it is not entirely certain which nominal species is present in the British material. The authors cite scutellata as British but with a reference to Fergusson (1986), thus not based on reexamination of specimens.

Callaspidia

Dahlbom, 1842

Notes

Nomenclature follows Ros-Farré and Pujade-Villar (2009).

Callaspidia defonscolombei

Dahlbom, 1842

• westwoodi Dahlbom, 1842

• nigripes (Cameron, 1879, Onychia)

• dufouri Giraud, 1860

• fonscolombei Dahlbom, 1856 unjustified emendation

• provancheri Ashmead, 1887

• striolata (Cameron, 1888, Onychia)

• areolata (Kieffer, 1901, Onychia)

• rubricus Dettmer, 1924

• vitripennis (Kieffer, 1901, Onychia dufouri var.)

• minima (Kieffer, 1901, Onychia fonscolombei var.)

Distribution

England, Ireland

Melanips

Haliday in Walker, 1835

• SCYTODES Hartig, 1840 preocc.

• AMBLYNOTUS Hartig, 1843

• ANOLYTUS Förster, 1869

Notes

Transferred from Figitinae to Aspicerinae by Buffington et al. (2007).

Synonymy follows Fergusson (1986).

Melanips alienus

Giraud, 1860

• opacus misident.

• dalmanni (Dahlbom, 1842, Figites) nom. nud.

• longitarsus (Reinhard, 1860, Amblynotus)

Distribution

England, Ireland

Melanips microcerus

(Kieffer, 1903)

• Amblynotus microcerus Kieffer, 1903

Distribution

England, Ireland

Melanips opacus

(Hartig, 1840)

• Scytodes opacus Hartig, 1840

• femoralis Cameron, 1883

Distribution

England, Ireland

Melanips sylvanus

Giraud, 1860

• rufipes Förster, 1869

• biusta (Cameron, 1879, Omalaspis)

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Omalaspis

Giraud, 1860

• TAVARESIA Kieffer, 1901

• LAMBERTONIA Kieffer, 1901

Omalaspis carinata

(Kieffer, 1901)

• Tavaresia carinata Kieffer, 1901

Distribution

Wales

Charipinae

Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910

• ALLOTRIINAE Thomson, 1862 unavailable

• ALLOXYSTINAE Hellén, 1931

• DILYTINI Kierych, 1979

• LYTOXYSTINAE Kovalev, 1994

Notes

Except where noted, nomenclature follows Menke and Evenhuis (1991) and Ferrer-Suay et al. (2012d). Further taxonomic changes have been made in a series of papers by Ferrer-Suay and colleagues (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2012a, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2012b, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2012c, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2013a, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2013b, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2013c, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2014a, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2015, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2013d, Ferrer-Suay et al. 2014b). Tribal subdivisions have been abandoned following Paretas-Martínez et al. (2007), who found that Alloxystini was paraphyletic with respect to Charipini. Some Welsh occurrence records from Baker (2013).

Alloxysta

Förster, 1869

• ALLOTRIA Westwood, 1833 preocc.

• XYSTUS Hartig, 1840 preocc.

• PEZOPHYCTA Förster, 1869

• NEPHYCTA Förster, 1869

• ADELIXYSTA Kierych, 1988

• CARVERCHARIPS Kovalev, 1994

Notes

Quinlan (1978a) listed 36 Alloxysta species for Britain and Ireland, which Fergusson (1986) reduced to 11, mainly through synonymy. However, Fergusson did not work with much reared material and Evenhuis (1985) and Müller et al. (1999) have adopted much narrower species limits than Fergusson, an approach borne out by FVV’s work on the biology and taxonomy of the genus (see Van Veen et al. 2003).

species of Alloxysta excluded from the British and Irish list:

[flavicornis (Hartig, 1841, Xystus) incertae sedis]

[ullrichi (Giraud, 1860, Allotria) incertae sedis; ullerichi misspelling]

These species were listed by Quinlan (1978a) but not recognised as British or Irish by Fergusson (1986) and not found by FVV.

Alloxysta species of uncertain status:

[ignorata (Kieffer, 1900, Dilyta) nom. dub.] Listed by Fergusson (1986) as a synonym of macrophadnus, the type material of ignorata has not been located and it has not been possible to interpret the name (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2012b).

Alloxysta abdera

Fergusson, 1986

Distribution

England

Notes

added by Fergusson (1986)

Alloxysta apteroidea

Hellén, 1963

Distribution

England

Notes

Det. Van Veen, added here. The species identified as brachyptera by Müller et al. (1999) is actually apteroidea, although the true brachyptera has also been found in Silwood Park.

Alloxysta arcuata

(Kieffer, 1902)

• Allotria arcuata Kieffer, 1902

• minuta misident.

• ligustri Evenhuis, 1976

Distribution

Scotland, Wales

Notes

Raised from synonymy with brevis by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2012a).

Alloxysta basimacula

(Cameron, 1886)

• Allotria basimacula Cameron, 1886

• caledonica (Cameron, 1886, Allotria)

• perplexa (Cameron, 1889, Allotria)

Distribution

Scotland

Notes

Raised from synonymy with macrophadnus by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2013).

Alloxysta brachyptera

(Hartig, 1840)

• Xystus brachypterus Hartig, 1840

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Alloxysta brevis

(Thomson, 1862)

• Allotria brevis Thomson, 1862

• minuta misident.

Distribution

England

Alloxysta castanea

(Hartig, 1841)

• Xystus castaneus Hartig, 1841

• melanogaster misident.

• maculicollis (Cameron, 1886, Allotria)

• ruficollis (Cameron, 1883, Allotria)

• ruficeps (Cameron, 1883, Allotria) preocc.

• megaptera (Cameron, 1889, Allotria)

• dubia Kieffer, 1902 (Alloxysta erythrothorax var.)

• rubriceps (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria)

• semiclausa Kieffer, 1904

• pruni (Hedicke, 1928, Charips)

• defecta (Hartig, 1841, Xystus)

• nigriventris (Thomson, 1862, Allotria)

Distribution

England, Wales

Notes

Synonymised with fulviceps by Fergusson (1986) but treated as a valid species by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2012b) following the advice of FVV. Allotria ruficollis is listed as a synonym of fulviceps in Fauna Europaea (Noyes et al. 2004), following alternate synonymisations under erythrothorax (Quinlan 1974) and castanea (Evenhuis 1982). In Müller et al. (1999) this was recorded as ‘Alloxysta f1’.

Alloxysta circumscripta

(Hartig, 1841)

• Xystus circumscriptus Hartig, 1841

Distribution

England

Notes

Synonymised under victrix by Fergusson (1986) but this has not been supported by other workers (Menke and Evenhuis 1991, Van Veen et al. 2003).

Alloxysta citripes

(Thomson, 1862)

• Allotria citripes Thomson, 1862

• britannica Kieffer, 1902 (Alloxysta citripes var.)

• albipes (Kieffer, 1904, Allotria)

• brevicella Belizin, 1966 synonymy by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2012b)

Distribution

England, Wales

Alloxysta consobrina

(Zetterstedt, 1838)

• Cynips consobrina Zetterstedt, 1838

• fuscicornis (Hartig, 1841, Xystus) synonymy by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2013b)

• ancylocera (Cameron, 1886, Allotria)

• brassicae (Ashmead, 1887, Allotria)

• infuscata (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria)

• aphidae (Froggatt, 1904, Hypodiranchis)

• grioti (De Santis, 1937, Charips)

Distribution

England

Notes

Synonymised under victrix by Fergusson (1986) but raised from synonymy by Menke and Evenhuis (1991), a result supported by Van Veen et al. (2003).

Alloxysta crassa

(Cameron, 1889)

• Allotria crassa Cameron, 1889

Distribution

Scotland

Notes

Raised from synonymy with macrophadnus by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2013).

Alloxysta cursor

(Hartig, 1840)

• Xystus cursor Hartig, 1840

• castanea (Kieffer, 1904, Pezophycta) preocc.

Distribution

England

Notes

Considered a nomen dubium in Ferrer-Suay et al. (2014) but Evenhuis (1982) studied the type and subsequently identified British specimens as belonging to this taxon, so we see no problem with considering it a valid British species. It was listed as castanea in Quinlan (1978a) but not mentioned by Fergusson (1986) and then recorded again by Müller et al. (1999).

Alloxysta erythrothorax

(Hartig, 1840)

• Xystus erythrothorax Hartig, 1840

• trapezoidea misident.

• defecta (Hartig, 1841, Xystus)

• nigriventris (Thomson, 1862, Allotria)

Distribution

England, Scotland

Notes

Removed from synonymy with fulviceps by Pujade-Villar et al. (2011).

Alloxysta halterata

(Thomson, 1862)

• Allotria halterata Thomson, 1862

Distribution

England

Notes

Synonymised under pedestris by Fergusson (1986) but considered here to be a valid species (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2012b).

Alloxysta leunisii

(Hartig, 1841)

• Xystus leunisii Hartig, 1841

Distribution

England, Wales

Notes

added by Van Veen et al. (2003)

Alloxysta macrophadnus

(Hartig, 1841)

• Xystus macrophadnus Hartig, 1841

• testacea misident.

• aptera misident.

• brachyptera misident.

• fuscipes misident.

• nigriventris misident.

• macrophadna misspelling

• filicornis (Cameron, 1889, Allotria)

• scutellata Kieffer, 1902

• rubromaculata Kieffer, 1902 (Alloxysta nigriventris var.)

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales

Notes

Alloxysta testeacea is recorded as a misidentification of macrophadna by Fergusson (1986) but erroneously listed as a valid species, occurring in Britain, in Fauna Europaea (Noyes et al. 2004), but with the comment that the species might be synonymous with pleuralis.

Alloxysta marshalliana

(Kieffer, 1900)

• Nephycta marshalliana Kieffer, 1900

Distribution

Scotland

Notes

Synonymised under macrophadna by Fergusson (1986) but considered here to be a valid species (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2012b, following pers. comm. by FVV).

Alloxysta mullensis

(Cameron, 1883)

• Allotria mullensis Cameron, 1883

Distribution

Scotland

Notes

Raised from synonymy with brevis by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2012a).

Alloxysta nigrita

(Thomson, 1862)

• Allotria nigrita Thomson, 1862

Distribution

Wales

Notes

added by Baker (2013)

Alloxysta obscurata

(Hartig, 1840)

• Xystus obscuratus Hartig, 1840

• homotoma Kieffer, 1904 (Alloxysta ullrichi var.)

Distribution

England

Notes

det. Van Veen, added here.

Alloxysta pallidicornis

(Curtis, 1838)

• Cynips pallidicornis Curtis, 1838

• minuta (Zetterstedt, 1838, Cynips)

• forticornis (Giraud, 1860, Allotria)

• basalis (Thomson, 1862, Allotria)

• anthracina Andrews, 1978

Alloxysta pedestris

(Curtis, 1838)

• Cynips pedestris Curtis, 1838

Distribution

England, Wales, Ireland

Alloxysta piceomaculata

(Cameron, 1883)

• Allotria piceomaculata Cameron, 1883

Distribution

Scotland, Wales

Notes

Raised from synonymy with macrophadnus by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2013).

Alloxysta pilipennis

(Hartig, 1840)

• Xystus pilipennis Hartig, 1840

• flavicornis (Hartig, 1841, Xystus) synonymy by Ferrer-Suay et al. (2014)

Distribution

England

Notes

J. Pujade-Villar (pers. comm.) has seen English material.

Alloxysta pleuralis

(Cameron, 1879)

• Allotria pleuralis Cameron, 1879

• unicolor (Kieffer, 1902, Alloxysta pusilla var.)

• gautieri Kieffer, 1922

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Alloxysta pusilla

(Kieffer, 1902)

• Allotria pusilla Kieffer, 1902

Distribution

England

Notes

added by Sanders and Van Veen (2010)

Alloxysta ramulifera

(Thomson, 1862)

• Allotria ramulifera Thomson, 1862

• minuta (Hartig, 1840, Xystus)

• discreta (Förster, 1869, Nephycta)

• parvicellula (Kieffer, 1904, Allotria)

Distribution

England

Notes

added by Müller et al. (1999)

Alloxysta semiaperta

Fergusson, 1986

Distribution

England, Ireland

Notes

added by Fergusson (1986)

Alloxysta tscheki

(Giraud, 1860)

• Allotria tscheki Giraud, 1860

Distribution

England

Notes

Excluded from the British and Irish list by Fergusson (1986) but reinstated by Van Veen et al. (2003).

Alloxysta victrix

(Westwood, 1833)

• Allotria victrix Westwood, 1833

• fulviceps (Curtis, 1838, Cynips)

• ruficeps (Zetterstedt, 1838, Cynips)

• erythrocephalus (Hartig, 1840, Xystus)

• tritici (Fitch, 1861, Allotria)

• macrocera (Thomson, 1877, Allotria)

• amygdali (Buckton, 1879, Cynips) nom. nud.

• atriceps (Buckton, 1879, Cynips)

• curvicornis (Cameron, 1883, Allotria)

• lateralis (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria luteicornis var.)

• luteiceps (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria victrix var.)

• luteicornis (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria)

• areolata (Kieffer, 1909, Charips)

• grandicornis (Kieffer, 1904, Allotria)

• io (Girault, 1932 Sarorthrus)

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales

Apocharips

Fergusson, 1986

Apocharips trapezoidea

(Hartig, 1841)

• Xystus trapezoideus Hartig, 1841

• xanthocephala (Thomson, 1862, Allotria)

Distribution

England, Wales

Dilyta

Förster, 1869

• CHARIPS Haliday in Marshall, 1870

• GLYPTOXYSTA Thomson, 1877

• DYLITA misspelling

Dilyta subclavata

Förster, 1869

• microcera (Haliday, 1870, Charips)

• heterocera (Thomson, 1877, Glyptoxysta)

• talitzkii (Belizin, 1966, Glyptoxysta) synonymy by Paretas-Martínez et al. (2011)

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales

Phaenoglyphis

Förster, 1869

• HEMICRISIS Förster, 1869

• AULOXYSTA Thomson, 1877

• BOTHRIOXYSTA Kieffer, 1902

• CHARIPSELLA Bréthes, 1913

Notes

Fergusson (1986) established Hemicrisis (including only ruficornis) as a synonym of Phaenoglyphis, it was then raised from synonymy by Ronquist (1999) only to be synonymised again with Phaenoglyphis by Pujade-Villar and Paretas-Martínez (2006).

Phaenoglyphis dolichocera

(Cameron, 1889)

• Allotria dolichocera Cameron, 1889

Distribution

England, Ireland

Phaenoglyphis longicornis

(Hartig, 1840)

• Xystus longicornis Hartig, 1840

Distribution

Wales

Notes

Listed by Quinlan (1978a) as a species of Alloxysta, not mentioned by Fergusson (1986), then recorded as British by Baker (2013) based on specimens identified by M. Ferrer-Suay.

Phaenoglyphis ruficornis

(Förster, 1869)

• Hemicrisis ruficornis Förster, 1869

Distribution

England, Wales

Notes

Phaenoglyphis pubicollis (Thomson, 1877, Allotria) was resurrected as a valid species by Pujade-Villar and Paretas-Martínez (2006). The authors did not examine material from a wide range but state that pubicollis ‘is only represented by type material’, implying that the real ruficornis is the widespread one.

Phaenoglyphis salicis

(Cameron, 1883)

• Allotria salicis Cameron, 1883

• forticornis Cameron, 1888

Distribution

England, Wales

Phaenoglyphis villosa

(Hartig, 1841)

• Xystus villosus Hartig, 1841

• piciceps (Thomson, 1862, Allotria)

• collina (Cameron, 1889, Allotria)

• ambrosiae (Ashmead, 1898, Allotria)

• carpentieri (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria)

• foveigera (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria)

• curvata (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria)

• recticornis (Kieffer, 1902, Allotria)

• subaptera (Kieffer, 1904, Alloxysta)

• campyla (Kieffer, 1904, Alloxysta)

• necans (Kieffer, 1909, Glyptoxysta)

• numidica (Kieffer, 1909, Bothrioxysta)

• bifoveata (Girault, 1931, Glyptoxysta)

• islandica (Hellén, 1931, Alloxysta)

• flavipes (Ionescu, 1963 Charips)

Distribution

England, Wales

Phaenoglyphis xanthochroa

Förster, 1869

• rufa (Thomson, 1877, Allotria)

• obfuscata Kieffer, 1901

Distribution

England

Eucoilinae

Thomson, 1862

Notes

Eucoilinae has been a subfamily of Figitidae rather than a family of its own since Ronquist (1999). Tribal classification follows Forshage and Nordlander (2008). Synomymy and distribution data taken from Quinlan (1978b) and Nordlander (1978), Nordlander (1980), Nordlander (1981), Forshage and Nordlander (2008), supplemented by Fauna Europaea (Noyes et al. 2004) and MF’s identifications of material in BMNH. Some Irish records from O'Connor (2004).

Diglyphosematini

Belizin, 1961

Diglyphosema

Förster, 1869

Diglyphosema conjungens

Kieffer, 1904

Distribution

England, Wales, Ireland

Disorygma

Förster, 1869

• ECTOLYTA Förster, 1869

• ERISPHAGIA Förster, 1869

Disorygma curtum

(Giraud, 1860)

• Eucoila curta Giraud, 1860

Distribution

England

Disorygma depile

(Giraud, 1860)

• Eucoila depilis Giraud, 1860

• incrassata (Thomson, 1862, Cothonaspis)

• divulgata Förster, 1869

Distribution

England, Ireland

Microstilba

Förster, 1869

Microstilba striolata

Kieffer, 1901

• heterogena (Giraud, 1860, Eucoila) auctt., sensu Cameron

Distribution

Scotland

Notes

Supposed English specimens in BMNH are all Disorygma curtum (det. MF).

Eucoilini

Thomson, 1862

Eucoila

Westwood, 1833

• EUCOELA Agassiz, 1846

• LYTOSEMA Kieffer, 1901

• PSILODORA Förster, 1869

Eucoila crassinerva

Westwood, 1833

• boyenii (Hartig, 1840, Cothonaspis)

• intermedia (Kieffer, 1901, Psilodora)

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Eucoila maculata

(Hartig, 1840, Cothonaspis)

• Cothonaspis maculatus Hartig, 1840

• guerini Dahlbom, 1842

• brevialata Belizin, 1973

Distribution

England, Scotland

Leptopilina

Förster, 1869

Notes

Synonymy from Nordlander (1980).

Leptopilina clavipes

(Hartig, 1841)

• Cothonaspis clavipes Hartig, 1841

Notes

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Leptopilina fimbriata

(Kieffer, 1901)

• Eucoela fimbriata Kieffer, 1901

• xanthoneura nec (Förster, 1869, Episoda) sensuQuinlan (1978b)

• longipes (Cameron, 1883, Erisphagia) preocc.

• xanthopum (Kieffer, 1904, Psilosema)

• filicorne (Kieffer, 1904, Psilosema)

• longicorne (Kieffer, 1907, Psilosema)

• dolichocera (Hellén, 1960, Episoda)

Distribution

England

Notes

Treated as Episoda xanthoneura by Quinlan (1978b).

Leptopilina heterotoma

(Thomson, 1862)

• Eucoila heterotoma Thomson, 1862

• ? musti (Rondani, 1875, Xystus)

• monilicornis (Kieffer, 1904, Ganaspis)

• subnuda (Kieffer, 1904, Ganaspis)

• philippinensis (Kieffer, 1916, Erisphagia)

• bochei (Weld, 1944, Pseudeucoila)

Distribution

England, Ireland

Notes

Treated as Ganaspis subnuda by Quinlan (1978b).

Leptopilina longipes

(Hartig, 1841)

• Cothonaspis longipes Hartig, 1841

Distribution

England

Notes

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Trybliographa

Förster, 1869

• EPISODA Förster, 1869 synonymy by Nordlander (1980)

• IDIOMORPHA Förster, 1869

• HYPOLETHRIA Förster, 1869

• PSICHACRA Förster, 1869

• ADIERIS Förster, 1869

• PIEZOBRIA Förster, 1869

• PILINOTHRIX Förster, 1869

• ANECTOCLIS Förster, 1869

• Trybliographa COTHONASPIS auctt. nec Hartig, 1840

• DIMICROSTROPHIS Ashmead, 1886

• DUSMETIOLA Tavares, 1924

• Trybliographa EUCOILA auctt. nec Westwood, 1835

• PSEUDEUCOILA Ashmead, 1903

Notes

Synonymy mostly from Nordlander (1981). Several new species of Trybliographa are present in Britain and several new synonymies will result from MF’s unpublished revision. Some changes have been made in anticipation of this publication as they affect names described from British specimens.

species of Trybliographa excluded from the British and Irish list:

[testaceipes Cameron, 1883] This name will be placed in synonymy.

Trybliographa agaricola

(Thomson, 1862)

• Eucoila agaricola Thomson, 1862

Distribution

England

Notes

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Trybliographa albipennis

(Thomson, 1861)

• Eucoila albipennis Thomson, 1861

• spaniandra Kerrich & Quinlan, 1960

Distribution

England

Trybliographa atra

(Hartig, 1840)

• Cothonaspis ater Hartig, 1840

• nigricornis Cameron, 1883

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Trybliographa cubitalis

(Hartig, 1841)

• Cothonaspis cubitalis Hartig, 1841

Distribution

England, Ireland

Trybliographa diaphana

(Hartig, 1841)

• Cothonaspis diaphana Hartig, 1841

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Trybliographa erythrocera

(Thomson, 1877)

• Eucoila erythrocera Thomson, 1877

Distribution

England

Notes

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here. Generic combination not yet formally published.

Trybliographa fovealis

(Thomson, 1862)

• Eucoila fovealis Thomson, 1862

Distribution

England

Notes

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Trybliographa glottiana

(Cameron, 1883)

• Psichacra glottiana Cameron, 1883

• proxima (Cameron, 1889, Eucoila)

• agaricorum (Kieffer, 1902, Eucoela)

Distribution

England, Scotland

Trybliographa gracilicornis

(Cameron, 1888)

• Eucoila gracilicornis Cameron, 1888

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Trybliographa longicornis

(Hartig, 1840)

• Cothonaspis longicornis Hartig, 1840

• gracilis (Dahlbom, 1846, Eucoila)

• subspinosa (Kieffer, 1904, Cothonaspis)

Distribution

England, Ireland

Trybliographa mandibularis

(Zetterstedt, 1838)

• Figites mandibularis Zetterstedt, 1838

• similis (Cameron, 1883, Psichacra)

Distribution

England, Scotland

Trybliographa nigripes

(Giraud, 1860)

• Eucoila nigripes Giraud, 1860

Distribution

England

Notes

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Trybliographa rapae

(Westwood, 1835)

• Eucoila rapae Westwood, 1835

• coronata (Hartig, 1841, Cothonaspis)

• insignis (Giraud, 1860, Eucoila)

• octotoma (Thomson, 1862, Eucoila)

• scutellaris Förster, 1869

• scutellaris nec (Latreille, 1805, Figites) sensu Hartig, 1840

• melanocera (Förster, 1869, Idiomorpha)

• crassicornis Cameron, 1889

• fortinervis (Cameron, 1889, Eucoila)

• ventralis (Kieffer, 1901, Eucoela)

• ruficornis (Kieffer, 1902, Eucoela)

• erythrocera nec (Thomson, 1862, Eucoela) sensu Cameron, 1890

• britannica (Kieffer, 1905, Eucoela)

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Trybliographa rufula

(Förster, 1855)

• Eucoila rufula Förster, 1855

• dalei (Cameron, 1879, Psichacra)

Distribution

England, Ireland

Trybliographa scotica

(Cameron, 1889)

• Eucoila scotica Cameron, 1889

Distribution

England, Scotland

Notes

Recently removed from synonymy with trichopsila in Forshage et al. (2013).

Trybliographa strandi

(Hedicke, 1914)

• Cothonaspis strandi Hedicke, 1914

Distribution

England

Notes

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Trybliographa subnebulosa

(Giraud, 1860)

• Eucoila subnebulosa Giraud, 1860

Distribution

England

Notes

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Trybliographa trichopsila

(Hartig, 1841)

• Cothonaspis trichopsilus Hartig, 1841

• brachytricha (Kieffer, 1901, Eucoela)

• claripennis (Thomson, 1862, Eucoila)

Distribution

England

Ganaspini

Belizin, 1961

Chrestosema

Förster, 1869

• RECENTIA Belizin, 1961

Notes

species of Chrestosema excluded from the British and Irish list:

[antennale Kieffer, 1904; England, Ireland] This name will be placed in synonymy

Chrestosema erythropum

Förster, 1869

Distribution

England

Notes

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Didyctium

Riley, 1879

• HEPTAMEROCERA Ashmead, 1896

Didyctium nigriclava

(Kieffer, 1904)

• Cothanaspis nigriclava Kieffer, 1904

Distribution

England, Wales

Notes

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Ganaspis

Förster, 1869

Ganaspis mundata

Förster, 1869

• tenuicornis Kieffer, 1904

Distribution

England

Notes

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Ganaspis seticornis

(Hellén, 1960)

• Episoda seticornis Hellén, 1960

• ciliaria (Belizin, 1968, Odonteucoila)

Distribution

England, Scotland

Notes

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Glauraspidia

Thomson, 1861

• AGLAOTOMA Förster, 1869

• APHISTOPHYZA Förster, 1869

• DIRANCHIS Förster, 1869

• CRYPTEUCOELA Kieffer, 1904

• AGLAOTOMIDEA Rohwer & Fagan, 1917

Glauraspidia microptera

(Hartig, 1840)

• Cothonaspis micropterus Hartig, 1840

• codrina (Hartig, 1841, Cothonaspis)

• subtilis (Dahlbom, 1842, Eucoela)

• carpentieri Kieffer, 1901

• giraudi (Kieffer, 1902, Aglaotoma)

• foersteri (Kieffer, 1904, Aglaotoma)

• giraudi (Kieffer, 1904, Crypteucoela) preocc.

• elegans Ionescu, 1963

Distribution

England, Wales, Ireland

Hexacola

Förster, 1869

• HEXAPLASTA Förster, 1869

Hexacola hexatoma

(Hartig, 1841)

• Cothonaspis hexatoma Hartig, 1841

• picicrus (Giraud, 1860, Eucoila)

• fuscipes (Mayer, 1923, Cothonaspis)

Distribution

England

Mirandicola

Belizin, 1968

• PSEUDOPSICHACRA Quinlan, 1975

Mirandicola sericea

(Thomson, 1877)

• Glauraspidia sericea Thomson, 1877

• bispinosa (Kieffer, 1901, Eucoela)

• sauteri (Hedicke, 1913, Psichacra)

Distribution

England, Ireland

Kleidotomini

Hellén, 1960

Cothonaspis

Hartig, 1840

• PSILOSEMA Kieffer, 1901

Cothonaspis gracilis

Hartig, 1841

• giraudi (Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910, Erisphagia)

Distribution

England

Cothonaspis longula

Nordlander, 1976

Distribution

England

Cothonaspis pentatoma

Hartig, 1841

Distribution

England, Scotland

Eutrias

Förster, 1869

Eutrias tritoma

(Thomson, 1877)

• Eucoila tritoma Thomson, 1877

Distribution

England

Kleidotoma

Westwood, 1833

• APHYOPTERA Förster, 1869

• APHILOPTERA Förster, 1869

• AGROSCOPA Förster, 1869

• HEPTAMERIS Förster, 1869

• NEDINOPTERA Förster, 1869

• RHYNCHACIS Förster, 1869

• PENTACRITA Förster, 1869

• TETRAHOPTRA Förster, 1869

• TETRATOMA Cameron, 1890

• ARHOPTRA Kieffer, 1901

• PENTARHOPTRA Kieffer, 1901

• SCHIZOSEMA Kieffer, 1901

• KLEIDOTOMIDEA Rohwer & Fagan, 1917

• PENTAKLEIDOTA Weld, 1951

Notes

Subgeneric classification was finally abandoned and all subgeneric names considered mere synonyms in Forshage and Nordlander (2008).

Species of Kleidotoma removed from the British and Irish list:

[myrmecophila Kieffer, 1908] Recorded from Britain in Fauna Europaea (Noyes et al. 2004) but in error.

Kleidotoma affinis

Cameron, 1889

Distribution

Scotland

Kleidotoma caledonica

Cameron, 1888

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Kleidotoma ciliaris

(Zetterstedt, 1838)

• Figites ciliaris Zetterstedt, 1838

• melanopoda Cameron, 1888

Distribution

England, Scotland

Notes

Usually regarded as a species of Trybliographa but published as a new combination in Kleidotoma by Jonsell et al. (1999) in an ecological paper and listed as such in Fauna Europaea (Noyes et al. 2004). The ciliaris sensu auctt. nec Zetterstedt, refers to various small Trybliographa spp.

Kleidotoma dolichocera

Thomson, 1877

• carpentieri (Kieffer, 1904, Cleidotoma)

Distribution

England, Wales, Ireland

Kleidotoma elegans

Cameron, 1889

Distribution

England, Scotland

Kleidotoma filicornis

Cameron, 1889

Distribution

England

Kleidotoma gracilicornis

Cameron, 1889

Distribution

England

Kleidotoma gryphus

Thomson, 1861

Kleidotoma halophila

Thomson, 1861

Distribution

England

Kleidotoma hexatoma

Thomson, 1862

Distribution

England, Scotland

Kleidotoma longicornis

Cameron, 1889

Distribution

England, Scotland

Kleidotoma longipennis

Cameron, 1889

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Kleidotoma marshalli

Cameron, 1889

• antecella Belizin, 1964

Distribution

England, Ireland

Kleidotoma nigra

(Hartig, 1840)

• Cothonaspis niger Hartig, 1840

• crassiclava Cameron, 1888

• nigripes Cameron, 1888

• brevicornis (Kieffer, 1904, Rhynchasis)

• tetramora (Kieffer, 1904, Rhynchasis)

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Kleidotoma pentatoma

Thomson, 1861

• albipennis Cameron, 1886 nec Thomson, 1861

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Kleidotoma picipes

Cameron, 1886

Distribution

Scotland, Ireland

Kleidotoma psiloides

Westwood, 1833

Distribution

England, Wales

Kleidotoma pygmea

(Dahlbom, 1842)

• Eucoila pygmea Dahlbom, 1842

Distribution

England, Ireland

Kleidotoma striata

Cameron, 1886

Distribution

England, Scotland

Kleidotoma striaticollis

Cameron, 1880

Distribution

England, Scotland

Kleidotoma subaptera

(Walker, 1834)

• Figites subaptera Walker, 1834

• helgolandica (Förster, 1869, Agroscopa)

Distribution

England, Wales, Ireland

Kleidotoma thomsoni

Forshage, sp. nov., replacement name

• tetratoma Thomson, 1861 preocc. Name preoccupied by Kleidotoma tetratoma (Hartig, 1841, Cothonaspis).

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Kleidotoma tomentosa

(Giraud, 1860)

• Eucoila tomentosa Giraud, 1860

• anisomera (Förster, 1869, Aphiloptera)

• erythropa Thomson, 1877

Distribution

England

Kleidotoma truncata

Cameron, 1889

Distribution

England, Scotland

Trichoplastini

Kovalev, 1989

Rhoptromeris

Förster, 1869

• MIOMOERA Förster, 1869

• HEXAMEROCERA Kieffer, 1901

• STRIATELLIA Belizin, 1966

Notes

Synonymy taken from Nordlander (1978) .

Species of Rhoptromeris removed from the British and Irish list:

[nigriventris Nordlander, 1978] Rhoptromeris nigriventris was listed by Quinlan (1978b) but this was most likely a mistake. Nordlander (1978) mentions that some Swedish paratypes were deposited in BMNH. There are no British or Irish specimens identified as nigriventris in the collection.

Rhoptromeris heptoma

(Hartig, 1840)

• Cothonaspis heptomus Hartig, 1840

• biscapus (Hartig, 1840, Cothonaspis)

• eucera (Hartig, 1841, Cothonaspis)

• nodosa (Giraud, 1860, Eucoila)

• parvula (Thomson, 1862, Eucoila)

• aberrans (Förster, 1869, Miomoera)

• aequalis (Kieffer, 1901, Eucoela)

• widhalmi Kurdjumov, 1912

Distribution

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Rhoptromeris villosa

(Hartig, 1840)

• Cothonaspis villosus Hartig, 1840

Distribution

England, Wales, Ireland

Notes

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here.

Trichoplasta

Benoit, 1956

Trichoplasta sp. indet.

Notes

BMNH, det. Forshage, added here. Only a single male specimen has been found amongst British material; it is not identifiable to species level with our current state of knowledge, and is listed here as a record of the genus from Britain.

Figitinae

Hartig, 1840

Notes

Melanips has been transferred to Aspicerinae by Buffington et al. (2007).

Synonymy follows Fergusson (1986) except where otherwise noted.

Amphithectus

Hartig, 1840

• AMPHITECTUS misspelling

Notes

Removed from synonymy with Sarothrus by Ronquist (1999).

Amphithectus areolatus

(Hartig, 1840)

• Sarothrus areolatus Hartig, 1840

• dahlbomii Hartig, 1840

• piceus (Dahlbom, 1842, Figites) nom. nud.

• fumipennis (Giraud, 1860, Melanips)

Distribution

England

Figites

Latreille, 1802

• PSILOGASTER Hartig, 1840

• PYCNOTRICHIA Förster, 1869

• OMALOSPOIDES Hedicke, 1913

Notes

Species of Figites excluded from the British and Irish list:

[laevigatus Dahlbom, 1842]

[reinhardi Kieffer, 1901]

[urticarum Dahlbom, 1842]

Included in Quinlan (1978a) but not by Fergusson (1986).

Figites anthomyiarum

Bouché, 1834

Distribution

England, Ireland

Figites consobrinus

Giraud, 1860

• scutellaris misident.

• dentiscuta Hellén, 1937

Distribution

England, Ireland

Figites ictus

Fergusson, 1986

Distribution

England, Ireland

Notes

added by Fergusson (1986)

Figites scutellaris

(Rossi, 1794)

• Cynips scutellaris Rossi, 1794

• ruficornis (Rossi, 1794, Cynips)

• abbreviator (Herrich-Schäffer in Panzer, 1801, Ophion)

• tibialis (Hartig, 1840, Psilogaster)

• letzneri (Hedicke, 1913, Omalaspoides)

Distribution

England

Lonchidia

Thomson, 1862

Lonchidia clavicornis

Thomson, 1862

Distribution

England, Scotland, Ireland

Lonchidia maculipennis

(Dahlbom, 1842)

• Figites maculipennis Dahlbom, 1842

Distribution

England, Ireland

Sarothrus

Hartig, 1840

Sarothrus tibialis

(Zetterstedt, 1838)

• Cynips tibialis Zetterstedt, 1838

• canaliculatus Hartig, 1840

• silesiacus (Hedicke, 1913, Omalaspoides)

Distribution

England, Wales, Ireland

Xyalophora

Kieffer, 1901

Xyalophora clavata

(Giraud, 1860)

• Figites clavatus Giraud, 1860

Distribution

Wales, Ireland

Notes

added by Fergusson (1986)

Zygosis

Förster, 1869

• DICERAEA Förster, 1869

• THYREOCERA Ashmead, 1887

Zygosis urticeti

(Dahlbom, 1842)

• Figites urticeti Dahlbom, 1842

• heteropterus (Hartig, 1843, Psilogaster)

Distribution

England, Ireland

Ibaliidae

Ibaliidae

Thomson, 1862

Ibalia

Latreille, 1802

• SAGARIS Panzer, 1806

Ibalia leucospoides

(Hockenwarth, 1785)

• Ichneumon leucospoides Hockenwarth, 1785

• cultellator (Fabricius, 1793, Ichneumon)

• ensiger Norton, 1862

• suprunenkoi Jacobson, 1899

• gigantea Yoshimoto, 1970

Distribution

England

Ibalia rufipes

Cresson, 1879

• drewseni Borries, 1891

• shirmeri Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910

Distribution

England, Scotland

Supplementary Material

Supplementary material 1

Checklist of the British and Irish Cynipoidea

Forshage, M., Bowdrey, J.P., Spooner, B.M., Van Veen, F. & Broad, G.R.

Data type: formatted text

Brief description: Word document version of the checklist

File: oo_124446.docx

Supplementary material 2

Checklist of British and Irish Cynipoidea

Forshage, M., Bowdrey, J.P., Spooner, B.M., Van Veen, F. & Broad, G.R.

Data type: spreadsheet

Brief description: Excel spreadsheet version of the checklist

File: oo_124447.xlsx

Author contributions

JPB, BMS: Cynipidae. FVV: Alloxysta. MF: Figitidae and checking of taxonomy throughout. GRB: editing and checking of taxonomy and distribution throughout.