Abstract Abstract
A review of the genera and species of Hymenoptera Parasitica and Chrysidoidea reported so far from Reunion Island is provided with host information. Data presented here is based on a review of the existing literature by the authors. The list includes: (1) 156 species of Ichneumonoidea belonging to 65 genera and 25 subfamilies (Braconidae: Agathidinae, Alysiinae, Aphidiinae, Braconinae, Charmontinae, Cheloninae, Doryctinae, Euphorinae, Gnamptodontinae, Microgastrinae, Opiinae; Ichneumonidae: Banchinae, Campopleginae, Cremastinae, Cryptinae, Diplazontinae, Ichneumoninae, Mesochorinae, Metopiinae, Ophioninae, Orthocentrinae, Pimplinae, Tersilochinae, Tryphoninae); (2) 121 species of Chalcidoidea belonging to 56 genera and 8 families (Agaonidae, Aphelinidae, Chalcididae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Eupelmidae, Eurytomidae, Ormyridae, Pteromalidae, Signophoridae, Torymidae and Trichogrammatidae); (3) seven species of Cynipoidea (family Figitidae); (4) six species of Chrysidoidea in three families (Bethylidae, Chrysididae, Dryinidae); (5) five species of Platygastroidea (families Platygastridae and Scelionidae); (6) five species of Diaprioidea (family Diapriidae); (7) four species of Ceraphronoidae (families Ceraphronidae and Megaspilidae); and (8) two species of Evanioidea (family Evaniidae). This review records a total of 306 species.
Keywords: Hymenoptera, checklist, Chalcidoidea, Ichneumonoidea, Diaprioidea, Cynipoidea, Evanioidea, Chrysidoidea, Ceraphronoidea, Platygastroidea, Reunion Island
Introduction
The parasitoids of the Hymenoptera Apocrita form one of the most species-rich groups of animals, potentially representing more than 20% of the world’s insects (LaSalle and Gauld 1992). Furthermore, they play an important role in the regulation of insect pests and many of them are used in biological control programs all over the world. The failures and successes of their use in biocontrol have been extensively reviewed (e.g. DeBach 1964, Funasaki et al. 1988, DeBach and Rosen 1991, van Driesche and Bellows 1996, Smith 1996, Solomon et al. 2001).
To date, the diversity of Hymenoptera in La Réunion has been partially studied. There have been some studies on the hymenopteran diversity around 1950. Risbec (1957) and Benoit (1957) reviewed the Chalcidoidea/Proctotrupoidea and the Ichneumonoidea, respectively. To our knowledge, after 1957 almost nothing was published on the hymenopteran diversity of Reunion Island (only Wiebes 1981 on the figwasps) untill 2001 when Vayssière et al. published a review of the pests and their natural enemies on several crops of the island. Two years later, this work was followed and updated by the publication of a book (Quilici et al. 2003). At this time, taxonomic work on Parasitica was far from exhaustive because it only dealt with parasitoids associated with important pests. In fact, a lot of work has been done to combat key pests such as Tephritid flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in mango and cucurbit fruits. Nevertheless, the taxonomic review of the fauna from Reunion Island has been conducted for a few groups. Rousse and Villemant (2012) reviewed the Ichneumonidae and provided a key to species of the Island with 15 species new to science. Some subfamilies of Braconidae (Ichneumonoidea) have been reviewed: Madl (2007, Agathidinae), Fischer and Madl (2008, Opiinae), Rousse and Braet (2012, Euphorinae), Braet et al. (2012, Cheloninae), Rousse and Gupta (2013, Microgastrinae). Madl and van Achterberg (2014) published a catalogue of the Braconidae of Malagasy subregion, including Reunion Island. Fischer (2014) published an important paper on Alysiinae and Opiinae (Braconidae) with 12 species new to science. Until to now the study of Ichneumonoidea has added more than 140 species to the list of Benoit (1957).
Superfamilies other than the Ichneumonoidea were less studied. For example, the Chalcidoidea may have a diversity similar to or higher than that of the Ichneumonoidea. In fact, there are a lot of unpublished data from the work of Marc Attié (2001–2004). The material collected during his work is now at the CBGP in Montpellier (France).
By reviewing the published data, this work provides a first list of all the Hymenoptera Parasitica of Reunion Island and the superfamily Chrysidoidea (belonging to the Hymenoptera Aculeata). We think this work will be a valuable tool for future inventories or work on biological control. Indeed, this work allows the detection of new indigenous natural enemies (e.g. Pristomerus river, Ichneumonidae, parasitoid of Prophantis smaragdina, Lepidoptera) and invasive hyperparasitoid or parasitoid of predators (e.g. Homalotylus eytelweinii, Encyrtidae, a parasitoid of Rodolia chermesina, Coccinellidae).
Arrangement of the checklist
In this review, superfamilies are treated according to their importance, the most diverse (Ichneumonoidea) presented first. Genera known so far from Reunion Island are grouped according to subfamilies, and family affiliation. For convenience, families, subfamilies, genera and species are listed in alphabetical order. Genera and species names are followed by the names of the author(s) and year of first description, then by the reference of the record and, when available, host data.
The review includes three tables summarizing (1) the Ichneumonoidea, (2) the Chalcidoidea, (3) the records for the other superfamilies, each with general host information.
Discussion
The present work is a literature-based review. Therefore, users should be aware that it might contain some mistakes present in the original literature. However, all references are listed so that the records can be validated.
This review lists 306 species of parasitoid Hymenoptera recorded from the island belonging to eight superfamilies. Of the species and genera reported from the island, at least 1 genus and 14 species of Ichneumonidae (Rousse and Villemant 2012), and 1 genus and 25 species of Braconidae (Madl 2007, Rousse and Braet 2012, Rousse and Gupta 2013), may be endemic as they currently only are recorded from Reunion Island. On the other hand, several species are now cosmopolitan in distribution due to their widespread use as biocontrol agents.
When compared with other geographical regions of the world, the study of hymenopteran parasitoid diversity in Reunion Island is still preliminary. Many new taxa will probably be found from the region in the future, and thus this checklist will need to be periodically updated.
Checklist of Hymenoptera Parasitica and Chrysidoidea from Reunion Island
Superfamily: ICHNEUMONOIDEA
Family: BRACONIDAE
Subfamily: Agathidinae
Genus: Biroia Szépligeti, 1900
Biroia costata (Brullé, 1846)
Recorded from: Granger 1949
Host information: Unknown
Genus: Camptothlipsis Enderlein, 1920
Camptothlipsis curticornis Granger, 1949
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Nephopterix beharella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) (Quilici et al. 2003, Madl 2007)
Genus: Coccygidium de Saussure, 1890
Coccygidium lutea (Brullé, 1846)
Recorded from: Szépligeti 1904
Host information: Condica conducta, Mythimna curvula, Mythimna loreyi (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) (Madl 2007)
Subfamily: Alysiinae
Genus: Adelphenaldis Fischer, 2003
Adelphenaldis grimmorum Fischer, 2014
Recorded from: Fischer 2014
Host information: Unknown
Adelphenaldis nanocorpus Fischer, 2014
Recorded from: Fischer 2014
Host information: Unknown
Genus: Aphaereta Förster, 1863
Aphaereta sp.
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Diptera Cyclorrhapha (Gauld and Bolton 1988)
Genus: Asobara Förster, 1863
Asobara diadegmae Fischer, 2014
Recorded from: Fischer 2014
Host information: Hyperparasitoid of Diadegma sp. (ex Plutella xylostella, Lepidoptera) (Fischer 2014)
Genus: Cratospila Förster, 1863
Cratospila sinenotaulis Fischer, 2014
Recorded from: Fischer 2014
Host information: Unknown
Genus: Dacnusa Haliday, 1833
Dacnusa sibirica Telenga, 1934
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Liriomyza spp. (Diptera, Agromyzidae) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Dacnusa sp.
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Unknown, but Dacnusa spp. are parasitoids of Liriomyza spp. (Diptera, Agromyzidae) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Genus: Dinotrema Förster, 1863
Dinotrema candidiapex Fischer, 2014
Recorded from: Fischer 2014
Host information: Unknown
Genus: Synaldis Förster, 1863
Synaldis dugainensis Fischer, 2014
Recorded from: Fischer 2014
Host information: Unknown
Synaldis robusticeps Fischer, 2014
Recorded from: Fischer 2014
Host information: Unknown
Subfamily: Aphidiinae
Genus: Aphidius Nees, 1818
Aphidius camerunensis Mackauer, 1966
Recorded from: Stary et al. 1994
Host information: Sitobion spp. (Hemiptera, Aphididae) (Todorov 2009)
Aphidius colemani Viereck, 1912
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Hemiptera, Aphididae, Genera: Aphis, Aulacorthum, Brachycaudus, Brevicorinae, Capitophorus, Dysaphis, Hialopterus, Hayhurstia, Hyadaphis, Hypermizus, Macrosiphon, Melanaphis, Micromizus, Mizodes, Mizus, Pterocoma, Rhopalosiphum, Schizaphis, Thelaxis, Toxoptera (Todorov 2009)
Aphidius rosae Haliday, 1833
Recorded from: Starý et al. 1977
Host information: Macrosiphum rosae, Sitobion fragariae (Hemiptera, Aphididae) (Mackauer and Stary 1967, Stary 1973)
Aphidius seyrigi Granger, 1949
Recorded from: Benoit 1957
Host information: Hemiptera, Aphididae
Genus: Diaeretiella Starý, 1960
Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh, 1855)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 1988
Host information: Myzus persicae, Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi on cabbage, cauliflower, mustard, etc. Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Hysteroneura setariae, and Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera, Aphididae) (Raychaudhuri 1990)
Genus: Praon Haliday, 1833
Praon sp.
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Aphis sp. (Vayssières et al. 2001) Uroleucon sonchi, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Nasonovia ribisnigri, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Madl and van Achterberg 2014) (Hemiptera, Aphididae)
Subfamily: Braconinae
Genus: Bracon Fabricius, 1804
Bracon (Habrobracon) hebetor (Say, 1836)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Maruca vitrata or Maruca testulalis (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), Lampides boeticus (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), Corcyra cephalonica, Etiella zinckenella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) (Madl and van Achterberg 2014)
Genus: Iphiaulax Förster, 1863
Iphiaulax didymus (Brullé, 1846)
Recorded from: Brullé 1846
Host information: Unknown
Subfamily: Charmontinae
Genus: Charmon Haliday, 1833
Charmon ramagei Rousse, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse 2013
Host information: Unknown
Subfamily: Cheloninae
Genus: Chelonus Panzer, 1806
Chelonus (Microchelonus) curvimaculatus Cameron, 1906
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003, Braet et al. 2012
Host information: Nephopterix beharella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) (Quilici et al. 2003), Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae), Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera, Notcuidae) (Chiri and Legner 1982, Jones 1986)
Chelonus (Microchelonus) matilei Braet & Rousse, 2012
Recorded from: Braet et al. 2012
Host information: Unknown
Chelonus (Chelonus) mayi Braet & Rousse, 2012
Recorded from: Braet et al. 2012
Host information: Unknown
Chelonus (Microchelonus) merdicus Rousse & Braet, 2012
Recorded from: Braet et al. 2012
Host information: Unknown
Chelonus sp.
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Unknown
Subfamily: Doryctinae
Genus: Ipodoryctes Granger, 1949
Ipodoryctes sp.
Recorded from: Zaldivar-Riveron et al. 2008
Host information: Parasitoid of xylophagus and stem-boring Coleoptera (Beyarslan 2015)
Genus: Rinamba Cameron, 1912
Rinamba opacicollis Cameron, 1912
Recorded from: Braet 2001
Host information: Parasitoid of xylophagus and stem-boring Coleoptera larvae (Beyarslan 2015)
Subfamily: Euphorinae
Genus: Centistes Haliday, 1835
Centistes caloupile Rousse & Braet, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Braet 2012
Host information: Unknown
Genus: Chrysopophthorus Goidanich, 1948
Chrysopophthorus sp.
Recorded from: Semeria and Quilici 1986
Host information: Unknown, but Chrysopophtorus spp. are endoparasitoidss of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) (Séméria 1976)
Genus: Cosmophorus Ratzeburg, 1848
Cosmophorus merdiculatus Rousse & Braet, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Braet 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Cosmophorus spp. are endoparasitoidss of adult bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) (Watanabe 1968)
Genus: Leiophron Nees, 1819
Leiophron sarahae Rousse & Braet, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Braet 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Leiophron spp. are parasitoids of Miridae and Psocoptera (Simbolotti et al. 2002)
Leiophron yaeli Rousse & Braet, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Braet 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Leiophron spp. are parasitoids of Miridae and Psocoptera (Simbolotti et al. 2002)
Genus: Meteorus Haliday, 1835
Meteorus anthracnemis de Saeger, 1946
Recorded from: Rousse and Braet 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Meteorus spp. are endoparasitoidss of Lepidoptera or Coleoptera (van Achterberg 1979; Zitani et al. 1997)
Meteorus comonile Rousse & Braet, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Braet 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Meteorus spp. are endoparasitoidss of Lepidoptera or Coleoptera (van Achterberg 1979; Zitani et al. 1997)
Meteorus pulchricornis Wesmael, 1835
Recorded from: Rousse and Braet 2012
Host information: Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Lasiocampidae, Lycaenidae, Lymantriidae, Noctuidae, Nolidae, Nymphalidae, (Huddleston 1980) Arctiidae, Papilionidae, (Maetô 1990) Plutellidae, (Okada 1989) and Tortricidae, (Berry 1997)
Genus: Syntretus Förster, 1863
Syntretus massale Rousse and Braet, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Braet 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Syntretus spp. are solitary endoparasitoidss of adult Hymenoptera (Ichneumonidae and Apidae (Rousse and Braet 2012)
Subfamily: Microgastrinae
Genus: Apanteles Förster, 1863
Apanteles aff. acutissimus Granger, 1949
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Diaphana indica (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Apanteles bordagei Giard, 1902
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Endoparasitoid of Crobylophora daricella, Leucoptera caffeina, Leucoptera mayricki (Lepidoptera, Lyonetiidae) (Ferrière 1936, Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Apanteles fontinalis de Saeger, 1944
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Apanteles are endoparasitoids of Lepidotera larvae (Farahani et al. 2012)
Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson, 1932
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Achroia grisella, Galleria mellonella and Vitula edmansii (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Apanteles (Apanteles) minatchy Rousse & Gupta, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Apanteles are endoparasitoids of Lepidotera larvae (Farahani et al. 2012)
Apanteles (Apanteles) nigrofemoratus Granger, 1949
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Tortyra sp. (Lepidoptera, Choreutidae) (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Apanteles (Apanteles) phasmina Rousse, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Apanteles spp. are endoparasitoids of Lepidotera larvae (Farahani et al. 2012)
Apanteles (Apanteles) romei Rousse, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Diaphina sp. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) on Momordicha charantia (Cucurbitaceae) (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Genus: Cotesia Cameron, 1891
Cotesia flavipes Cameron, 1891
Recorded from: Kfir et al. 2002
Host information: About 30 lepidopteran species in Arctiidae, Brachodidae, Lymantriidae, Noctuidae, Pyralidae and Tortricidae, including major pests (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Cotesia plutellae (Kurdumov, 1912)
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: About 30 lepidopteran species in Arctiidae, Lasiocampidae, Lymantriidae, Noctuidae, Notodontidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Plutellidae, Pterophoridae, Pyralidae and Tortricidae, including major pests (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Cotesia ruficrus (Haliday, 1834)
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: About 100 lepidopteran species in Arctiidae, Brachodidae, Dilobidae, Gelechiidae, Geometridae, Hesperiidae, Lasiocampidae, Lycaenidae, Lymantriidae, Noctuidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Plutellidae, Pyralidae and Tortricidae (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron, 1906)
Recorded from: Van Achterberg and Polaszek 1996
Host information: 15 species of Noctuidae and Pyralidae, including major pests (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Cotesia xavieri Rousse, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Apanteles spp. are endoparasitoids of Lepidotera larvae (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Genus: Diolcogaster Ashmead, 1900
Diolcogaster austrina (Wilkinson, 1929)
Recorded from: Aubert 1966
Host information: Unknown, but Diolcogaster spp. are endoparasitoids in 11 families of Lepidoptera including: Arctiidae, Geometridae, Lasiocampidae, Limacodidae, Lymantriidae, Noctuidae, Notodontidae, Plutellidae, Pyralidae, Tenthredinidae, and Thaumetopoeidae (Zeng et al. 2011)
Diolcogaster curticornis (Granger, 1949)
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Brenthia leptocosma, (Lepidoptera, Choreutidae) Macalla sp. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Genus: Distatrix Mason, 1981
Distatrix belliger (Wilkinson, 1929)
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Helicoverpa armigera, Pseudaletia unipunctata and Mythimna sp. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Distatrix yunae Rousse & Gupta, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Distatrix spp. are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Genus: Dodogaster Rousse, 2013
Dodogaster grangeri Rousse, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown
Genus: Dolichogenidea Viereck, 1911
Dolichogenidea ashoka Rousse, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Dolichogenidea spp. are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Dolichogenidea broadi Rousse, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Dolichogenidea spp. are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Dolichogenidea lumba Rousse & Gupta, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Dolichogenidea spp. are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Dolichogenidea uru Rousse & Gupta, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Dolichogenidea spp. are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Dolichogenidea villemantae Rousse, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Dolichogenidea spp. are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Genus: Exoryza Mason, 1981
Exoryza safranum Rousse & Gupta, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Exoryza spp. are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Genus: Glyptapanteles Ashmead, 1904
Glyoptapanteles antsirabensis (Granger, 1949)
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Glyptapanteles spp. are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Glyptapanteles chidra Rousse & Gupta, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Glyptapanteles spp. are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Glyptapanteles ficus (Granger, 1949)
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Naroma signifera (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae) (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Glyptapanteles subandinus (Blanchard, 1947)
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Achyra bifidalis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), Phthorimaea opercullela and Scrobipalpula absoluta (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) on Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae) (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Genus: Microplitis Förster, 1863
Microplitis subsulcatus Granger, 1949
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Microplitis spp. are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Genus: Nyereria Mason, 1981
Nyereria ganges Rousse & Gupta, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Nyereria spp. are endoparasitoids of macrolepidoptera larvae (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Nyereria mayurus Rousse & Gupta, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Nyereria spp.are endoparasitoids of macrolepidoptera larvae (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Genus: Parapanteles Ashmead, 1900
Parapanteles covino Rousse & Gupta, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Parapanteles spp. are endoparasitoids in 7 families of Lepidoptera including: Arctiidae, Noctuidae, Notodontidae, Elachistidae, Saturniidae, Geometridae, Gelechiidae (Valerio et al. 2009)
Parapanteles darignac Rousse & Gupta, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown. but Parapanteles spp. are endoparasitoids in 7 families of Lepidoptera including: Arctiidae, Noctuidae, Notodontidae, Elachistidae, Saturniidae, Geometridae, Gelechiidae (Valerio et al. 2009)
Genus: Venanides Mason, 1981
Venanides curticornis (Granger, 1949)
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown, but Venanides spp. are endoparasitoids of microlepidoptera larvae (Rousse and Gupta 2013)
Genus: Wilkinsonellus Mason, 1981
Wilkinsonellus narangahus Rousse & Gupta, 2013
Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013
Host information: Unknown
Subfamily: Gnamptodontinae
Genus: Gnamptodon Haliday, 1833
Gnamptodon legorskyi Fischer, 2014
Recorded from: Fischer 2014
Host information: Unknown, but Gnamptodon spp. are parasitoids of Nepticulidae.
Subfamily: Opiinae
Genus: Diachasmimorpha Viereck, 1913
Diachasmimorpha fullawayi (Silvestri, 1913)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Ceratitis capitata (Diptera, Tephritidae) (Quilici et al. 2003, Fischer and Madl 2008)
Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron, 1911)
Recorded from: Hurtrel et al. 1999
Host information: At least 6 species of Tephritidae (Diptera) (Ramadan et al. 1994, Wharton and Gilstrap 1983)
Genus: Fopius Wharton, 1987
Fopius arisanus (Sonan, 1932)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Bactrocera zonata, Ceratitis capitata, Ceratitis catoirii, Ceratitis rosa, Dacus ciliatus, Dacus demmerezi, Neoceratitis cyanescens (Diptera, Tephritidae) (Fischer and Madl 2008)
Genus: Opius Wesmael, 1835
Opius dissitus Muesebeck, 1963
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Liriomyza spp. (Diptera, Agromyzidae) (Stegmaier 1972, Schuster and Wharton 1993, Vayssières et al. 2001)
Opius (Utetes) coriacitergum Fischer, 2014
Recorded from: Fischer 2014
Host information: Unknown, but Opiinae are parasitoids of Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) larvae (Ameri et al. 2014)
Opius (Tolbia) karlmayi Fischer, 2014
Recorded from: Fischer 2014
Host information: Unknown, but Opiinae are parasitoids of Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) larvae (Ameri et al. 2014)
Opius (Utetes) lareunionensis Fischer, 2014
Recorded from: Fischer 2014
Host information: Unknown, but Opiinae are parasitoids of Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) larvae (Ameri et al. 2014)
Opius (Gastrosema) laticrenis Fischer, 2014
Recorded from: Fischer 2014
Host information: Unknown, but Opiinae are parasitoids of Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) larvae (Ameri et al. 2014)
Opius (Opius) raoiformis Fischer, 2014
Recorded from: Fischer 2014
Host information: Unknown, but Opiinae are parasitoids of Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) larvae (Ameri et al. 2014)
Opius (Utetes) semipilosus Fischer, 2014
Recorded from: Fischer 2014
Host information: Unknown, but Opiinae are parasitoids of Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) larvae (Ameri et al. 2014)
Opius (Gastrosema) waterloti Granger, 1949
Recorded from: Fischer and Madl 2008
Host information: Unknown, but Opiinae are parasitoids of Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) larvae (Ameri et al. 2014)
Genus: Psyttalia Walker, 1860
Psyttalia cosyrae (Wilkinson, 1927)
Recorded from: Doubtful record. Fischer (1987) recorded it from Reunion because “Réunion, Mayotte” was indicated on the label.
Host information: Dacus sp. (Diptera, Tephritidae) (Fischer and Madl 2008)
Psyttalia distinguenda (Granger, 1949)
Recorded from: Wharton et al. 1999
Host information: Ceratitis capitata (Diptera, Tephritidae) (Quilici et al. 2003, Fischer and Madl 2008)
Psyttalia fletcheri (Sylvestri, 1916)
Recorded from: Hurtrel et al. 1999
Host information: Bactrocera cucurbitae, Ceratitis capitata and Dacus ciliatus (Diptera, Tephritidae) (Fischer and Madl 2008)
Psyttalia insignipennis (Granger, 1949)
Recorded from: Wharton et al. 1999
Host information: Ceratitis capitata, Ceratitis catoirii and Neoceratitis cyanescens (Diptera, Tephritidae) (Quilici et al. 2003, Fischer and Madl 2008)
Psyttalia phaeostigma (Wilkinson, 1927)
Recorded from: Fischer 1987
Host information: Dacus ciliatus and Dacus demmerezi (Diptera, Tephritidae) (Fischer and Madl 2008)
Psyttalia sanctamarina (Fischer, 1980)
Recorded from: Fischer 1980
Host information: Spathulina aroleuca (Diptera, Tephritidae) (Fischer and Madl 2008)
Psyttalia subsulcata (Granger, 1949)
Recorded from: Fischer and Madl 2008
Host information: Spathulina aroleuca (Diptera, Tephritidae) (Fischer and Madl 2008)
Family: ICHNEUMONIDAE
Subfamily: Banchinae
Genus: Himertosoma Schimedeknecht, 1900
Himertosoma bebourensis (Benoit, 1957)
Recorded from: Benoit 1957
Host information: Unknown, but Banchinae are parasitoid of Lepidoptera larvae (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Himertosoma striata (Seyrig, 1932)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Banchinae are parasitoid of Lepidoptera larvae (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Subfamily: Campopleginae
Genus: Campoplex Gravenhorst, 1829
Campoplex techer Rousse & Villemant, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Campopleginae are generally parasitoids of Lepidoptera and Symphyta but they sometimes parasitize Coleoptera and Neuroptera (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Diadegma Förster, 1869
Diadegma insulare (Cresson, 1865)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Plutella xylostella, Plutella opercula, Plutella omissa, Plutella armoraciae (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) and Hellula undalis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) (Sourakov and Mitchell 2000, Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren, 1868)
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Plutella xylostella, (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) and Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Dusona Cameron, 1901
Dusona douraguia Rousse & Villemant, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Campopleginae are generally parasitoids of Lepidoptera and Symphyta but they sometimes parasitize Coleoptera and Neuroptera (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Dusona pauliani (Benoit, 1957)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Campopleginae are generally parasitoids of Lepidoptera and Symphyta but they sometimes parasitize Coleoptera and Neuroptera (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Enytus Cameron, 1905
Enytus huet Rousse & Villemant, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Campopleginae are generally parasitoids of Lepidoptera and Symphyta but they sometimes parasitize Coleoptera and Neuroptera (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Eriborus Förster, 1869
Eriborus cadjee Rousse & Villemant, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Campopleginae are generally parasitoids of Lepidoptera and Symphyta but they sometimes parasitize Coleoptera and Neuroptera (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Eriborus pallipes (Brullé, 1846)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Campopleginae are generally parasitoids of Lepidoptera and Symphyta but they sometimes parasitize Coleoptera and Neuroptera (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Hyposoter Förster 1869
Hyposoter reunionis (Benoit, 1957)
Recorded from: Benoit 1957
Host information: Unknown, but Campopleginae are generally parasitoids of Lepidoptera and Symphyta but they sometimes parasitize Coleoptera and Neuroptera (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Venturia Schrottky, 1902
Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst, 1829)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: 23 species belonging to the families Pyralidae, Noctuidae, Tortricidae, Gelechiidae, Tineidae and Yponomeutidae (Lepidoptera) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Xanthocampoplex Morley, 1913
Xanthocampoplex huberti Rousse & Villemant, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Campopleginae are generally parasitoids of Lepidoptera and Symphyta but they sometimes parasitize Coleoptera and Neuroptera (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Subfamily: Cremastinae
Genus: Pristomerus Curtis, 1836
Pristomerus rivier Rousse & Villemant, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Plutella xylostella (Plutellidae) (Rousse and Villemant 2012) and Prophantis smaragdina (Chartier et al. 2013, Identified by Rousse 2012 unpublished data)
Genus: Temelucha Meyrick, 1909
Temelucha basiornata (Cameron, 1911)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unidentified rice stem borer, probably Diopsis sp. (Diptera, Diopsidae) (Zwart 1998)
Temelucha labusi Rousse & Villemant, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Cremastinae are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera or Coleoptera larvae in leave folds, tunnels, buds, galls or other concealed situations (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Temelucha minuta (Morley, 1912)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Grapholita critica (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), Etiella behrii (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), Bilobata subsecivella (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) on peanut, Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) on potato (Gauld 1980, Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Temelucha pestifer (Morley, 1913)
Recorded from: Benoit 1957
Host information: An unidentified stem borer on Oryza sativa (Poaceae) field (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Temelucha talibarti Rousse, Villemant & Seyrig, 2011
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Cremastinae are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera or Coleoptera larvae in leave folds, tunnels, buds, galls or other concealed situations (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Temelucha sp. 1
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Cremastinae are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera or Coleoptera larvae in leave folds, tunnels, buds, galls or other concealed situations (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Temelucha sp. 2
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Cremastinae are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera or Coleoptera larvae in leave folds, tunnels, buds, galls or other concealed situations (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Trathala Cameron, 1899
Trathala annulicornis (Tosquinet, 1896)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Cremastinae are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera or Coleoptera larvae in leave folds, tunnels, buds, galls or other concealed situations (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Trathala flavoorbitalis (Cameron, 1907)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Seventy-eight host records, all Lepidoptera (Gelechoidea, Noctuoidea, Pyraloidea, Tineoidea and Tortricoidea) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Subfamily: Cryptinae
Genus: Acrolyta Förster, 1868
Acrolyta dindar Rousse & Villemant, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Cryptinae generally are ectoparasitoids of Holometabola pupae or prepupae. Some species are endoparasitoids, and some species parasitize the egg masses of Araneae and Pseudoscorpionida. (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Diatora Förster, 1868
Diatora albiscapus (Seyrig, 1952)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) ex Napta serratilinea (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae) and Nephele densoi (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) on mimosa (Mimosa sp.) (Seyrig 1952, Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Paraphylax Förster, 1869
Paraphylax mussar Rousse & Villemant, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Paraphylax spp. are parasitoids of Heliothis armigera (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) (Choudhary et al. 1983)
Paraphylax transversatoria (Seyrig, 1952)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Paraphylax spp. are parasitoids of Heliothis armigera (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) (Choudhary et al. 1983)
Genus: Phygadeuon Gravenhorst, 1829
Phygadeuon nativel Rousse & Villemant, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Phygadeuon spp. are parasitoids of Musca domestica (Diptera, Muscidae) and Rhagoletis cerasi (Diptera, Tephritidae) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Subfamily: Diplazontinae
Genus: Diplazon Nees, 1918
Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius, 1781)
Recorded from: de Saussure 1892
Host information: Parasitoid of a wide range of Diptera, especially aphidophagous syrphid flies (more than 50 host species reported in Syrphidae) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Subfamily: Ichneumoninae
Genus: Crytea Cameron, 1906
Crytea albitrochanterata (Heinrich, 1938)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Ichneumoninae are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae or pupae (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Ichneumon Fabricius, 1798
Ichneumon unicinctus Brullé, 1846
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Charadrina sp., Sciomesia biluma, Sesamia calamistis (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Amphipyrinae) (Zwart 1998)
Subfamily: Mesochorinae
Genus: Mesochorus Gravenhorst, 1829
Mesochorus cariniferus Benoit, 1955
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Mesochorinae are hyperparasitoids of Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) or Tachinidae (Diptera) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Mesochorus sp.
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Mesochorinae are hyperparasitoids of Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) or Tachinidae (Diptera) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Subfamily: Metopiinae
Genus: Triclistus Förster, 1869
Triclistus aitkeni (Cameron, 1897)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on rice (Oryza sativa) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Subfamily: Ophioninae
Genus: Enicospilus Stephens, 1835
Enicospilus angustatus (Brullé, 1846)
Recorded from: Bordage 1914
Host information: Unknown, but Enicospilus spp. are nocturnal endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Enicospilus betanimenus (Saussure, 1892)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Achaea faber, Dysgonia pudica, Dysgonia triplocyma, Heliophisma klugii, and Tatorinia rufipennis (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Enicospilus dolosus (Tosquinet, 1896)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Anomis leona (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) and Haritalodes derogate (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Enicospilus dubius (Tosquinet, 1896)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Anomis leona, Chrysodeixis chalcites (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) and Plusia sp. (Lepidoptera, Plusiidae) (Gauld and Mitchell 1978)
Eniscopilus grandiflavus Townes, 1973
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Enicospilus spp. are nocturnal endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Enicospilus helvolus Gauld & Mitchell, 1978
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Enicospilus spp. are nocturnal endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Enicospilus hova Gauld & Mitchell, 1978
Recorded from: Gauld and Mitchell 1978
Host information: Unknown, but Enicospilus spp. are nocturnal endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Enicospilus mauritii (de Saussure, 1892)
Recorded from: Bordage 1914
Host information: Chilo sacchariphagus (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), Leucania loreyi (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Hadeninae), Mythimna loreyi (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), Olethreutes schistaceanus, Tetramoera schistaceana (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Olethreutinae), Procherata sacchariphaga, Procerata venostata (Lepidoptera, Brachodidae), Sesamia calamistis, Sesamia inferens, Sesamia nonagrioides, Speia vuteria (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Amphipyrinae) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Enicospilus rufus (Brullé, 1846)
Recorded from: Benoit 1957
Host information: Ctenoplusia limbirena, Trigonodes hyppasia (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) (Rousse and Villemant 2012).
Enicospilus ruscus Gauld & Mitchell, 1978
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Mythimna loreyi, Sesamia botanephaga, Sesamia veturia, (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Enicospilus sesamiae Delobel, 1974
Recorded from: Zwart 1998
Host information: Procerata venosata (Lepidoptera, Brachodidae) (Gauld and Mitchell 1978), Busseola fusca, Sesamia calamistis and Sesamia vuteria (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) (Zwart 1998)
Enicospilus transvaalensis Cameron, 1911
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Mythimna sp. and Sesamia calamistis (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Enicospilus vitry Rousse & Villemant, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Enicospilus spp. are nocturnal endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Subfamily: Orthocentrinae
Genus: Megastylus Schiødte, 1838
Megastylus vagabundus Seyrig, 1934
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Orthocentrinae are endoparasitoids of Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae (Diptera) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Orthocentrus Gravenhorst, 1829
Orthocentrus urbanus Seyrig, 1934
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Orthocentrinae are endoparasitoids of Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae (Diptera) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Pantisarthrus Förster, 1871
Pantisarthrus isolatus (Benoit, 1957)
Recorded from: Benoit 1957
Host information: Unknown, but Orthocentrinae are endoparasitoids of Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae (Diptera) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Proclitus Förster, 1869
Proclitus ligatus (Seyrig, 1934)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Orthocentrinae are endoparasitoids of Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae (Diptera) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Stenomacrus Förster, 1869
Stenomacrus payet Rousse & Villemant, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Orthocentrinae are endoparasitoids of Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae (Diptera) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Tariqia Rousse and Villemant, 2012
Tariqia stellaris Rousse & Villemant, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Orthocentrinae are endoparasitoids of Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae (Diptera) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Subfamily: Pimplinae
Genus: Echthromorpha Holmgren, 1868
Echthromorpha spinator (Fabricius, 1798)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Nagia linteola (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Itoplectis (Förster, 1869)
Itoplectis albipes Seyrig 1932
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but morphological studies indicate that Itoplectis albipes uses echolocation when foraging for hosts (Broad and Quicke 2000)
Genus: Xanthophenax Saussure, 1892
Xanthophenax defector Seyrig, 1932
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Pimplinae are generally ectoparasitoids of pupae and larvae of Holometabola. Some species parasitize adult and egg sacs od Araneae (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Xanthophenax pacificator Seyrig, 1932
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Pimplinae are generally ectoparasitoids of pupae and larvae of Holometabola. Some species parasitize adult and egg sacs od Araneae (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Xanthophenax xanthomelas (Brullé, 1846)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Pimplinae are generally ectoparasitoids of pupae and larvae of Holometabola. Some species parasitize adult and egg sacs od Araneae (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Xanthopimpla de Saussure, 1892
Xanthopimpla stemmator (Thunberg, 1824)
Recorded from: Kfir et al. 2002
Host information: More than 30 species of Pyralidae (Lepidoptera) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Zatypota Förster, 1869
Zatypota inexpectata (Seyrig, 1932)
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Pimplinae are generally ectoparasitoids of pupae and larvae of Holometabola. Some species parasitize adult and egg sacs od Araneae (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Subfamily: Tersilochinae
Genus: Aneuclis Förster, 1869
Aneuclis larga Khalaim, 2009
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but most Tersilochinae are endoparasitoids of Coleoptera (generally Curculionidae and Chrysomelidae). Some species parasitize Symphyta (Hymenoptera) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Genus: Diaparsis Förster, 1869
Diaparsis ramassamy Rousse & Villemant, 2012
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but most Tersilochinae are endoparasitoids of Coleoptera (generally Curculionidae and Chrysomelidae). Some species parasitize Symphyta (Hymenoptera) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Subfamily: Tryphoninae
Genus: Netelia Gray, 1860
Netelia melanopus (Brullé, 1846)
Recorded from: de Saussure 1892
Host information: Mythimna loreyi, Sesamia calamistis, Sesamia inferens (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), Olethreutes schistaceanus (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) and Chilo sacchariphagus (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Netelia sp.
Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012
Host information: Unknown, but Netelia spp. are ectoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae (Rousse and Villemant 2012)
Superfamily: CHALCIDOIDEA
Family: AGAONIDAE
Subfamily: Agaoninae
Genus: Elisabethiella Grandi, 1928
Elisabethiella reflexa Wiebes, 1975
Recorded from: Wiebes 1975
Host information: Ficus reflexa Thunb. (Moraceae) and Ficus aldabrensis Baker C.C. Berg (Wiebes 1975)
Genus: Nigeriella Wiebes, 1974
Nigeriella avicola Wiebes, 1975
Recorded from: Wiebes 1975
Host information: Ficus rubra Vahl (Moraceae) (Wiebes 1975)
Genus: Platyscapa Motschoulsky, 1863
Platyscapa etiennei Wiebes, 1977
Recorded from: Wiebes 1977
Host information: Ficus salicifolia Vahl (Moraceae) (Wiebes 1977)
Subfamily: Kradibiinae
Genus: Ceratosolen Mayr, 1885
Ceratosolen coecus (Coquerel, 1855)
Recorded from: Coquerel 1855
Host information: Ficus mauritiana Lam. (Moraceae) (Coquerel 1855)
Genus: Kradibia Saunders, 1883
Kradibia etiennei Wiebes, 1990
Recorded from: Wiebes and Gompton 1990
Host information: Ficus lateriflora Vahl (Moraceae) (Wiebes and Gompton 1990)
Subfamily: Sycophaginae
Genus: Sycophaga Westwood, 1840
Sycophaga explorator (Coquerel, 1855)
Recorded from: Coquerel 1855
Host information: Unknown. But Sycophaga are parasites of figs (Coquerel 1855)
Family: APHELINIDAE
Subfamily: Aphelininae
Genus: Aphelinus Dalman, 1820
Aphelinus asychis Walker, 1839
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Hemiptera, Aphididae (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Aphelinus gossypii Timberlake, 1924
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Aphididae (Hemiptera) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Aphelinus mariscusae (Risbec, 1957)
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Aphididae (Hemiptera) and particularly Micromyzus (Kugegania) ageni (Polaszek and Hayat 1989)
Aphelinus varipes (Förster, 1841)
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Aphididae (Hemiptera) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Genus: Aphytis Howard, 1900
Aphytis africanus Quednau, 1964
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Aonidiella aurantii (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) (Triapitsyn and Kim 2008)
Aphytis coheni DeBach, 1960
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Aspidiotus nerii (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) (Triapitsyn and Kim 2008)
Aphytis holoxanthus DeBach, 1960
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Chrysomphalus aonidum (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) (Triapitsyn and Kim 2008)
Aphytis lepidosaphes Compere, 1955
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Lepidosaphes beckii (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) (Triapitsyn and Kim 2008)
Aphytis lignanensis Compere, 1955
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Aonidiella aurantii, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) (Luck and Podoler 1985)
Aphytis melinus DeBach, 1959
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Aonidiella aurantii (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) (Luck and Podoler 1985)
Genus: Marietta Motschulsky, 1863
Marietta leopardina Motschulsky, 1863
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Hyperparasitoid of 48 hemiptera and scales parasitic hymenoptera species (Shabaan 2003)
Subfamily: Calesinae
Genus: Cales Howard, 1907
Cales noacki Howard, 1907
Recorded from: Etienne 1977
Host information: Aleurothrixus floccosus, (Miret and Garcia-Marì 2001) Aleurotrachelus atratus (Borowiec et al. 2007) (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae)
Subfamily Coccophaginae
Genus: Coccophagus Westwood, 1833
Coccophagus ceroplastae (Howard, 1985)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Coccus viridis, Coccus hesperidum, Saissetia coffeae, Ceroplastes spp., Pulvinaria psidii, Pulvinaria polygonata (Hemiptera, Coccoidea), scales and mealybugs belonging to Diaspididae and Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera) have also been recorded as hosts (Hayat 1998)
Coccophagus cowperi Girault, 1917
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Saissetia oleae (Clausen 1956), Saissetia coffeae (Shabaan 2005) (Hemiptera, Coccidae)
Coccophagus rusti Compere, 1928
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Saissetia oleae (Hemiptera, Coccidae) (Daane et al. 1991)
Genus: Encarsia Förster, 1878
Encarsia acaudaleyrodis Hayat, 1976
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Acaudaleyrodes rachipora, Tetraleurodes leguminicola, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) (Ghahari et al. 2011)
Encarsia brasiliensis (Hempel, 1904)
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Aleurodicus dispersusBemisia tabaci, Lecanoideus floccissimusTrialeurodes vaporarium (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae) (Magnet and Onillon 1997, Hernandez-Suarez et al. 2000)
Encarsia citrina (Craw, 1891)
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Several Coccoidae (Hemiptera) (Viggiani 1987)
Encarsia diaspidicola (Silvestri, 1909)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) (Liebregts et al. 1989)
Encarsia formosa Gahan, 1924
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: About 20 species in 8 genera of Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera) (Polaszek et al. 1992, Schauff et al. 1996)
Encarsia lounsburyi (Berlese & Paoli, 1916)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Parlatoria ziziphi, Aonidiella citrina and Parlatoria pergandii (Hemiptera, Coccoidae) (Ghahari et al. 2004)
Encarsia luteola Howard, 1895
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) (Gerling et al. 1987, Heinz and Parrella 1994)
Encarsia nigricephala Dozier, 1937
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Trialeurodes abulitonius, Trialeurodes floridensis, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Polaszek et al. 1999)
Encarsia perniciosi (Tower, 1913)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Baroffio 1997)
Encarsia sophia (Girault & Dodd, 1915)
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporarium (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) (Vayssières et al. 2001, Luo and Liu 2011)
Encarsia tabacivora Viggiani, 1985
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: 14 species from 9 genera of Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera) (Polaszek et al. 1992, Schauff et al. 1996)
Subfamily: Eretmocerinae
Genus: Eretmocerus Haldeman, 1850
Eretmocerus hayati Zolnerowich & Rose, 1998
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporarium (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Eretmocerus mundus Mercet, 1931
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Bemisia argentifolii (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) (Walker et al. 1999), Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporarium (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Family: CHALCIDIDAE
Subfamily: Chalcidinae
Genus: Brachymeria Westwood, 1829
Brachymeria nephantidis Gahan, 1930
Recorded from: Ramage et al. 2011
Host information: Nephantis serinopa (Lepidoptera, Xyloricitidae) (Joy et al. 1978), Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) (Kapadia 1999)
Brachymeria podagrica (Fabricius, 1787)
Recorded from: Ramage et al. 2011
Host information: Moths in several families and Calyptrate Diptera such as: Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera, Calliphoridae) (Marchiori et al. 2002a) and Sarcodexia lambens (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) (Marchiori et al. 2002b)
Subfamily: Dirhinae
Genus: Dirhinus Dalman, 1818
Dirhinus galesusaeformis (Risbec, 1957)
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Unknown
Dirhinus giffardii Silvestri, 1913
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Diptera, Tephritidae (Noyes 2013)
Dirhinus himalayanus Westwood, 1836
Recorded from: Ramage et al. 2011
Host information: Sarcophaga bullata (Diptera, Sarcophagidae), Hydrotaea aenescens, Stomoxys calcitrans, and Musca dometica (Diptera, Muscidae) (Geden et al. 2006, Srinivasan and Amalraj 2003). Dirhinus hymalayanus is also a parasitoid of some Tephritidae (Diptera) pupae (Grissell and Schauff 1990, Sivinsky et al. 1997)
Subfamily: Epitraninae
Genus: Epitranus Walker, 1834
Epitranus erythrogaster Cameron, 1888
Recorded from: Ramage et al. 2011
Host information: Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) (Boucek 2007)
Epitranus evanioides (Westwood, 1835)
Recorded from: Ramage et al. 2011
Host information: Unknown
Subfamily: Haltichellinae
Genus: Antrocephalus Kirby, 1883
Antrocephalus crassipes Masi, 1940
Recorded from: Ramage et al. 2011
Host information: Unknown
Antrocephalus dividens (Walker, 1860)
Recorded from: Ramage et al. 2011
Host information: Unknown
Genus: Hockeria Walker, 1834
Hockeria fulvipes Masi, 1917
Recorded from: Ramage et al. 2011
Host information: Unknown
Genus: Proconura Dodd, 1915
Proconura eublemmae (Steffan, 1951)
Recorded from: Ramage et al. 2011
Host information: Eublemma gayneri (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) (Gahukar 1981)
Family: ENCYRTIDAE
Subfamily: Encyrtinae
Genus: Ageniaspis Dahlbom, 1857
Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya, 1983
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) (Edward and Hoy 1998, Hoy and Jessey 2004)
Ageniaspis fuscicallis (Dalman, 1920)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Yponomeuta malinellus (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae) (Kuhlmann et al. 1998), Acrolepia assectella (Lepidoptera, Acrolepiidae) (Pralavorio et al. 1977)
Genus: Aloencyrtus Prinsloo, 1978
Aloencyrtus obscuratus (Waterston, 1917)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Unknown. But Aloencyrtus appear to be exclusively parasitic in Coccidae (Hemiptera) (Prinsloo 2010)
Genus: Arrhenophagus Aurivillius, 1888
Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius, 1888
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) (Kreiter et al. 2000, Goebel 1987)
Genus: Cheiloneurus Westwood, 1833
Cheiloneurus cyanonotus Waterston, 1917
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) (Fabres and Matile-Ferrero 1986)
Genus: Comperiella Howard, 1906
Comperiella bifasciata Howard, 1906
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Aonidiella citrina, Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus destructor (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) (Flanders 1944, Tandon and Srivastava 1980)
Genus: Copidosoma Ratzeburg, 1844
Copidosoma koehleri Blanchard, 1940
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Phtorimea operculella (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) (Dalaya and Patil 1973)
Genus: Diaphorencyrtus Hayat, 1981
Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam & Agarwal, 1975)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) (Prinsloo 1985, Hoy and Nguyen 1998)
Genus: Habrolepis Förster, 1856
Habrolepis rouxi Compere, 1936
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Anonidiella aurantii (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) (Flanders 1942)
Genus: Homalotylus Mayr, 1876
Homalotylus eytelweinii (Ratzeburg, 1844)
Recorded from: Delpoux et al. 2013
Host information: Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) from the tribes Coccinellini, Chilocorini, and Psylloborini (Kuznetsov 1975, 1987, Trjapitzin 2011)
Genus: Metaphycus Mercet, 1917
Metaphycus galbus Annecke, 1964
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Hemiptera, Coccidae) (Robertson and De Villiers 1986)
Genus: Microterys Thomson, 1876
Microterys nietneri (Motschulsky, 1859)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Hemiptera, Coccidae especially on citrus (Triapitsyn et al. 2008)
Genus: Psyllaephagus Ashmead, 1900
Psyllaephagus pulvinatus (Waterston, 1922)
Recorded from: Aubert 1975
Host information: Trioza eryteae (Homoptera, Psyllidae) (MacDaniel and Moran 1972)
Genus: Syrphophagus Ashmead, 1900
Syrphophagus africanus (Gahan, 1932)
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Hyperparasitoid of some aphid parasitoids (e.g. Lysiphlebus testaceipes, Phelinus ficusae) (Saethre et al. 2011)
Subfamily: Tetracneminae
Genus: Coccidoxenoides Girault, 1915
Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault, 1915
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) (Walton and Pringle 2005)
Family: EULOPHIDAE
Subfamily: Entedoninae
Genus: Chrysocharis Förster, 1856
Chrysocharis bedius (Walker, 1842)
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Liriomyza species (Diptera, Agromyzidae) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Chrysocharis sp.
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Liriomyza species (Diptera, Agromyzidae) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Genus: Chrysonotomyia Ashmead, 1904
Chrysonotomyia pulcherrima (Kerrich, 1970)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Procontarinia matteiana (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) (Sankaran and Mjeni 1985)
Genus: Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov, 1912
Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood, 1833)
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Liriomyza species (Diptera, Agromyzidae) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Neochrysocharis sp.
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Liriomyza species (Diptera, Agromyzidae) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Genus: Platocharis Kerrich, 1969
Platocharis coffeae (Ferrière, 1936)
Recorded from: Kerrich 1969
Host information: Coffee leaf-miners (Leucoptera spp.) (Kerrich 1969)
Subfamily: Eulophinae
Genus: Cirrospilus Westwood, 1832
Cirrospilus cinctiventris Ferrière, 1936
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Leaf-miners from genus Leucoptera (Lepidoptera, Lyonetiidae) (Ferrière 1936)
Cirrospilus crowei Kerrich, 1969
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) (Schauff et al. 1998)
Genus: Elachertus Spinola, 1811
Elachertus insularis (Risbec, 1957).
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Unknown
Genus: Elasmus Westwood, 1833
Elasmus masii Ferrière, 1929
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Recorded as both, primary and secondary parasitoid of Lepidoptera (Noyes and Yu 2012)
Genus: Euplectrus Westwood, 1832
Euplectrus bebourensis Risbec, 1957
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Unknown. But Euplectrus are parasitoid of Lepidoptera larvae (Schauff and Janzen 2001)
Genus: Hamonia Risbec, 1957
Hamonia reunionensis Risbec, 1957
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Unknown
Hamonia sexdentata Risbec, 1957
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Unknown
Hamonia sylvatica Risbec, 1957
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Unknown
Genus: Hemiptarsenus Westwood, 1833
Hemiptarsenus varicornis Girault, 1913
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Liriomyza trifolii and other Liriomyza species (Diptera, Agromyzidae) (Arakaki and Kinjo 1998, Vayssières et al. 2001)
Genus: Notanisomorphella Girault, 1913
Notanisomorphella borborica (Giard, 1903)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Leaf-miners from genus Leucoptera (Lepidoptera, Lyonetiidae) (Ferrière 1936)
Genus: Stenomesius Westwood, 1833
Stenomesius belouvi (Risbec, 1957)
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Unknown
Stenomesius masii (Risbec, 1957)
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Unknown
Subfamily: Tetrastichinae
Genus: Aprostocetus Westwood, 1833
Aprostocetus ceroplastae (Girault, 1916)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Ceroplastes destructor (Hemiptera, Coccidae) (Wakgari and Giliomee 2001)
Aprostocetus toddaliae (Risbec, 1958)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Ceroplastes rusci (Hemiptera, Coccidae) (Talebi et al. 2011)
Genus: Gyrolasia Förster, 1856
Gyrolasia hellburgi (Risbec, 1957)
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Unknown
Genus: Nesolynx Ashmead, 1905
Nesolynx phaeosoma (Waterston, 1915)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Hyperparasitoid on Nephopterix beharella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) (Quilici et al. 2003)
Genus: Oomyzus Rondani, 1870
Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov, 1912)
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Genus: Quadrastichus Girault, 1913
Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim, 2004
Recorded from: Kim et al. 2004
Host information: Gall-inducer on Erythrina (Kim et al. 2004)
Genus: Tamaraxia Mercet, 1924
Tamaraxia dryi (Waterston, 1922)
Recorded from: Etienne and Aubert 1980
Host information: Ectoparasitoid of Psyllid larvae (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) (Quilici et al. 2003)
Tamaraxia radiata (Waterston, 1922)
Recorded from: Aubert et al. 1979
Host information: Ectoparasitoid of Psyllid larvae (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) (Quilici et al. 2003)
Genus: Tetrastichus Haliday, 1844
Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri, 1915
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Endoparasitoids of several Tephritid larvae (Diptera) (Clausen et al. 1965)
Tetrastichus gyrolasiaeformis Risbec, 1957
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Unknown
Tetrastichus sesamiae Risbec, 1951
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Parasitoid of Lepidoptera (Noyes and Yu 2012)
Familiy: EUPELMIDAE
Subfamily: Eupelminae
Genus: Eupelmus Dalman, 1820
Eupelmus sp.
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Unknown. But Eupelmus can be extremely polyphagous (Gibson 2011)
Familiy: EURYTOMIDAE
Subfamily: Eurytominae
Genus: Eurytoma Illiger, 1807
Eurytoma ivohibei Risbec, 1957
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Unknown
Eurytoma reunionensis Risbec, 1957
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Unknown
Familiy: ORMYRIDAE
Genus: Ormyrus Westwood, 1832
Ormyrus australis Risbec, 1957
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Unknown
Family: PTEROMALIDAE
Subfamily: Eunotinae
Genus: Mesopeltita Ghesquière, 1946
Mesopeltita truncatipennis (Waterston, 1917)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Ceroplastes sp., Saissetia oleae, Saissetia somereni and Saissetia sp. (Hemiptera, Coccidae) (Myartseva et al. 2004)
Genus: Moranila Cameron, 1883
Moranila californica (Howard, 1881)
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Saissetia oleae, Ceroplastes floridensis (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Flanders 1958, Argov et al. 1992)
Subfamily: Miscogasterinae
Genus: Halticoptera Spinola, 1811
Halticoptera sp.
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Melanagromyza phaseoli, Liriomyza spp. (Diptera, Agromyzidae) (Abul-Nasr and Assem 1968, Vayssières et al. 2001)
Subfamily: Pteromalinae
Genus: Muscidifurax Girault & Sanders, 1910
Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders, 1910
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans and other Synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera (Diptera, Muscidae) (Legner 1967, Zchori-Fein et al. 2000)
Muscidifurax uniraptor Kogan & Legner, 1970
Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003
Host information: Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans and other Synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera (Diptera, Muscidae) (Legner 1967, Zchori-Fein et al. 2000)
Genus: Pachyneuron Walker, 1833
Pachyneuron sp.
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Unknown. But Pachyneuron are mostly Hyperparasitoid of Hemiptera, Aphididae, and some Diptera (Gibson 2001)
Pachyneuron longiradius Silvestri, 1915
Recorded from: Delvare G. unpublished determination (2013)
Host information: The identified Dendrocerus emerged from a specimen of Rodolia chermesina (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) (Delvare 2013, unpublished data)
Genus: Ploskana Boucek, 1976
Ploskana tenuis Boucek, 1976
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera, Tephritidae) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Genus: Pteromalus Swederus, 1795
Pteromalus sp.
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Unknown. But all species of Pteromalus are parasitoids of larvae and pupae of various holometabolous insects, for instance Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, gall forming Hymenoptera (Cynipidae, Tenthredinidae) and Diptera (Tephritidae) (Baur 2015)
Genus: Spodophagus Delvare & Rasplus, 1994
Spodophagus lepidopterae (Risbec, 1952)
Recorded from: Risbec 1952
Host information: Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) (Risbec 1952, Delvare and Rasplus 1994)
Genus: Trichomalopsis Crawford, 1913
Trichomalopsis sp.
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Diptera, Muscidae (Gibson and Floate 2001)
Subfamily: Spalangiinae
Genus: Spalangia Latreille, 1805
Spalangia endius Walker, 1839
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Musca domestica (Diptera, Muscidae) (Ables and Shepard 1974), Dacus ciliates (Diptera, Tephritidae) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Spalangia gemina Boucek, 1963
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Diptera, Muscidae (Morgan et al. 1991), Tephritidae (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Spalangia seyrigi Risbec, 1952
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Dacus ciliatus (Diptera, Tephritidae) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Subfamily: Sycoecinae
Genus: Seres Waterston, 1919
Seres bouceki (Wiebes, 1981)
Recorded from: Wiebes 1981
Host information: Ficus reflexa reflexa Thunb. and Ficus reflexa aldabrensis (Baker) C.C. Berg (Wiebes 1981)
Subfamily: Sycoryctinae
Genus: Apocrypta Coquerel, 1855
Apocrypta perplexa Coquerel, 1855
Recorded from: Coquerel 1855
Host information: Ficus mauritiana Lam. (Moraceae) (Coquerel 1855)
Genus: Sycoryctes Mayr, 1885
Sycoryctes anceps Wiebes, 1981
Recorded from: Wiebes 1981
Host information: Ficus densifolia Miq. (Moraceae) (Wiebes 1981)
Sycoryctes caelebs Wiebes, 1975
Recorded from: Wiebes 1975
Host information: Ficus densifolia Miq. and Ficus rubra (Moraceae) (Wiebes 1981)
Sycoryctes comparabilis Wiebes, 1981
Recorded from: Wiebes 1981
Host information: Ficus densifolia Miq. (Moraceae) (Wiebes 1981)
Sycoryctes remus Wiebes, 1981
Recorded from: Bouček et al. 1981
Host information: Ficus reflexa reflexa Thunb. and Ficus burkei (Miq.) Miq. (Moraceae) (Bouček et al. 1981)
Genus: Sycoscapter Saunders, 1883
Sycoscapter gibbus Saunders, 1883
Recorded from: Saunders 1883
Host information: Ficus politoria Lam.and Ficus lateriflora Vahl (Moraceae) (Saunders 1883)
Sycoscapter tibialis Wiebes, 1981
Recorded from: Wiebes 1981
Host information: Ficus rubra Vahl (Moraceae) (Wiebes 1981)
Genus: Philotrypesis Förster, 1878
Philotrypesis cnephaea Wiebes, 1981
Recorded from: Wiebes 1981
Host information: Ficus reflexa reflexa Thunb. (Moraceae) (Wiebes 1981)
Genus: Watshamiella Wiebes, 1981
Watshamiella fictitia Wiebes, 1981
Recorded from: Wiebes 1981
Host information: Ficus rubra Vahl (Moraceae) (Wiebes 1981)
Watshamiella lucens Wiebes, 1981
Recorded from: Wiebes 1981
Host information: Ficus densifolia Miq. (Moraceae) (Wiebes 1981)
Family: SIGNIPHORIDAE
Genus: Chartocerus Motschulsky, 1859
Chartocerus sp.
Recorded from: Delvare G. unpublished determination (2013)
Host information: In 2013 Dendrocerus wollastoni emerged from a specimen of Rodolia chermesina (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in Reunion Island (Delvare 2013, unpublished data)
Family: TORYMIDAE
Subfamily: Megastigminae
Genus: Megastigmus Dalman, 1820
Megastigmus transvaalensis (Hussey, 1956)
Recorded from: Habeck et al. 1989
Host information: Develops on plants in the genera Rhus and Schinus (Anacardiaceae) (Hussey 1956, Habeck et al. 1989)
Family: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE
Subfamily: Trichogrammatinae
Genus: Trichogramma Westwood, 1833
Trichogramma chilonis Ishii, 1941
Recorded from: Vayssières et al. 2001
Host information: Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Superfamily: CYNIPOIDEA
Family: FIGITIDAE
Subfamily: Charipinae
Genus: Phaenoglyphis Förster, 1869
Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig, 1841)
Recorded from: Evenhuis and Barbotin 1977
Host information: Aphis nerii (Hemiptera, Aphididae) (Evenhuis and Barbotin 1977), Hyperparasitoid of Aphididae (Hemiptera) via Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) (Pujade-villar et al. 2007)
Subfamily: Eucoilinae
Genus: Aganaspis Lin, 1987
Aganaspis daci (Weld, 1951)
Recorded from: Etienne 1975
Host information: Bactrocera dorsalis (Clausen et al. 1965), Anastrepha suspensa (Nuñez-Bueno 1982), Ceratitis capitata and Ceratitis rosa (Diptera, Tephritidae) (Etienne 1975)
Genus: Leptopilina Förster, 1869
Leptopilina freyae Allemand & Nordlander, 2003
Recorded from: Allemand et al. 2003
Host information: Drosophila ssp. (Diptera, Drosophilidae) (Allemand et al. 2003)
Leptopilina guineanensis Allemand & Nordlander, 2003
Recorded from: Allemand et al. 2003
Host information: Drosophila ssp. (Diptera, Drosophilidae) (Allemand et al. 2003)
Leptopilina orientalis Allemand & Nordlander, 2003
Recorded from: Allemand et al. 2003
Host information: Drosophila ssp. (Diptera, Drosophilidae) (Allemand et al. 2003)
Leptopilina victoriae Nordlander, 1980
Recorded from: Allemand et al. 2003
Host information: Drosophila ssp. (Diptera, Drosophilidae) (Allemand et al. 2003)
Genus: Rhoptromeris Förster, 1869
Rhoptromeris bupalus Quinlan, 1986
Recorded from: Quinlan 1986
Host information: Parasitoid of Chloropidae (Diptera) on grass and fungi (van Noort et al. 2015)
Rhoptromeris crito Quinlan, 1986
Recorded from: Quinlan 1986, Madl and van Achterberg 2014
Host information: Parasitoid of Chloropidae (Diptera) on grass and fungi (van Noort et al. 2015)
Superfamily: CHRYSIDOIDEA
Family: BETHYLIDAE
Subfamily: Bethylinae
Genus: Goniozus Förster, 1856
Goniozus indicus (Ashmead, 1903)
Recorded from: Polaszek et al. 1994
Host information: Maliarpha separatiella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Cryptophlebia peltastica, Cryptophlebia semilunana, Eccopsis praecedens, Strepsicrates rhothia (Lepidoptera, Olethreutidae) (Azevedo et al. 2010)
Family: CRHYSIDIDAE
Subfamily: Amiseginae
Genus: Senesega Kimsey, 2005
Senesega attiei Kimsey, 2005
Recorded from: Kimsey 2005
Host information: Probably parasitoid of Phasmatodea (Kimsey 2005)
Subfamily: Chrysidinae
Genus: Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761
Chrysis gheudei Guérin-Méneville, 1842
Recorded from: Azevedo et al. 2010. The record from Reunion is probably a misidentification of Chrysis lincea Fabricius 1775 (Azevedo et al. 2010)
Host information: Delta reginum (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) and Sceliphron fuscum (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) (Azevedo et al. 2010)
Genus: Praestochrysis Linsenmaier, 1959
Praestochrysis lusca (Fabricius, 1804)
Recorded from: Bordage 1912
Host information: Chalybion madecassum, Sceliphron fuscum (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) (Azevedo et al. 2010)
Family: DRYINIDAE
Subfamily: Anteoninae
Genus: Anteon Jurine, 1807
Anteon reunionense Olmi, 1987
Recorded from: Olmi 1987
Host information: Unknown. But Dryinidae (including Anteon) are parasitoids of Homoptera auchenorrhyncha and commonly called “Cicada wasps”(Azevedo et al. 2010)
Subfamily: Gonatopodinae
Genus: Gonatopus Ljungh, 1810
Gonatopus similis Brues, 1906
Recorded from: Olmi 1987a
Host information: Dicranotropis muiri, Perkinsiella saccharicida (Hemiptera, Delphacidae) (Azevedo et al. 2010)
Superfamily: PLATYGASTROIDEA
Family: PLATYGASTRIDAE
Subfamily: Platygastrinae
Genus: Leptacis Förster, 1856
Leptacis risbeci Masner, 1960
Recorded from: Masner 1960, Madl 2016
Host information: Parasitoids of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) (Buhl 2011)
Genus: Synopeas Förster, 1856
Synopeas pauliani (Risbec, 1957)
Recorded from: Risbec 1957, Masner 1960
Host information: Parasitoids of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) (Buhl 2011)
Family: SCELIONIDAE
Subfamily: Scelioninae
Genus: Macroteleia Westwood, 1935
Macroteleia insularis (Risbec, 1957)
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Unknown
Genus: Styloteleia Kieffer, 1916
Styloteleia gibbosa Risbec, 1957
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Unknown
Subfamily: Telenominae
Genus: Telenomus Haliday, 1833
Telenomus busseolae Gahan, 1922
Recorded from: Rao and Nagaraja 1969
Host information: Parasitizes eggs of Busseola fusca, Sesamia calamistis and Sesamia cretica (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) (Samin and Asgari 2012)
Superfamily: DIAPRIOIDEA
Family: DIAPRIIDAE
Subfamily: Diapriinae
Genus: Trichopria Ashmead, 1893
Trichopria belouvi (Risbec, 1957)
Recorded from: Risbec 1957, Notton 2004, Madl 2015
Host information: Unknown. But Trichopria are parasitoids of Tachinidae (Diptera) (Rajmohana 2006) and Tephritidae (Diptera) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Trichopria inconspicua (Kieffer, 1905)
Recorded from: Huggert 1977, Madl 2015
Host information: Unknown. But Trichopria are parasitoids of Tachinidae (Diptera) (Rajmohana 2006) and Tephritidae (Diptera) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Trichopria jeanneli Notton, 2004
Recorded from: Risbec 1957, Madl 2015
Host information: Unknown. But Trichopria are parasitoids of Tachinidae (Diptera) (Rajmohana 2006) and Tephritidae (Diptera) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Trichopria scotti (Kieffer, 1912)
Recorded from: Risbec 1957
Host information: Unknown. But Trichopria are parasitoids of Tachinidae (Diptera) (Rajmohana 2006) and Tephritidae (Diptera) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Trichopria variabilis (Risbec, 1950)
Recorded from: Risbec 1957, Madl 2015
Host information: Unknown. But Trichopria are parasitoids of Tachinidae (Diptera) (Rajmohana 2006) and Tephritidae (Diptera) (Vayssières et al. 2001)
Superfamily: CERAPHRONOIDEA
Family: CERAPHRONIDAE
Genus: Aphanogmus Thomson, 1858
Aphanogmus fijiensis (Ferrière, 1933)
Recorded from: Polaszek and LaSalle 1995, Madl 2015
Host information: Cotesia sesamiae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) (Polaszek and LaSalle 1995)
Genus: Ceraphron Jurine, 1807
Ceraphron amphimelas Dessart, 1989
Recorded from: Dessart 1989, Madl 2015
Host information: Hemiptera, Diaspididae (Dessart 1989)
Family: MEGASPILIDAE
Subfamily: Megaspilinae
Genus: Dendrocerus Ratzeburg, 1852
Dendrocerus wollastoni (Dodd, 1920)
Recorded from: Dessart 1984, Madl 2015
Host information: Neuroptera, Chrysopidae (Dessart 1984). In 2013 Dendrocerus wollastoni emerged from a specimen of Rodolia chermesina (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in Reunion Island (Delvare 2013, unpublished data)
Dendrocerus sp.
Recorded from: Delvare G. unpublished determination (2013)
Host information: Cf. Dendrocerus wollastoni.
Superfamily: EVANIOIDEA
Family: EVANIIDAE
Genus: Evania Fabricius, 1775
Evania appendigaster (Linnaeus, 1758)
Recorded from: Madl and Ganeshan 2008
Host information: Oviposits within the oothecae of Periplaneta americana and possibly that of Periplaneta australasiae and Rhyparobia maderae (Dictyoptera, Blattidae) (Madl and Ganeshan 2008)
Genus: Prosevania Kieffer, 1911
Prosevania erythrosoma (Schletterer, 1886)
Recorded from: Recorded from Rodrigues and Mauritious, but not yet from Reunion Island (Madl and Ganeshan 2008)
Host information: Oviposits within the oothecae of Blatta orientalis (Dictyoptera, Blattidae) (Madl and Ganeshan 2008)
Table 1.
List of Ichneumonoidea recorded from Reunion Island.
| Familly | Subfamilly | Genus / Species | General host information | Recorded from |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRACONIDAE | Agathidinae | Biroia costata (Brullé, 1846) | Unknown | Granger 1949 |
| Camptothlipsis curticornis Granger, 1949 | Nephopterix beharella | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Coccygidium lutea (Brullé, 1846) | Condica conductaMythimna curvuvula Mythimna loreyi | Brullé 1846 | ||
| Alysiinae | Adelphenaldis grimmorum Fischer, 2014 | Unknown | Fischer 2014 | |
| Adelphenaldis nanocorpus Fischer, 2014 | Unknown | Fischer 2014 | ||
| Aphaereta sp. | Diptera Cyclorrhapha | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Asobara diadegmae Fischer, 2014 | Diadegma sp. (Ichneumonidae) | Fischer 2014 | ||
| Cratospila sinenotaulis Fischer, 2014 | Unknown | Fischer 2014 | ||
| Dacnusa sibirica Telenga, 1934 | Agromyzidae | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Dacnusa sp. | Agromyzidae | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| BRACONIDAE | Alysiinae | Dinotrema candidiapex Fischer, 2014 | Unknown | Fischer 2014 |
| Synaldis dugainensis Fischer, 2014 | Unknown | Fischer 2014 | ||
| Synaldis robusticeps Fischer, 2014 | Unknown | Fischer 2014 | ||
| Aphidiinae | Aphidius camerunensis Mackauer, 1966 | Sitobion | Stary et al. 1994 | |
| Aphidius colemani Viereck, 1912 | Aphididae | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Aphidius rosae Haliday, 1833 | Macrosiphum rosaeSitobion fragariae | Stary et al. 1977 | ||
| Aphidius seyrigi Granger, 1949 | Aphididae | Benoit 1957 | ||
| Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh, 1855) | Aphididae | Quilici et al. 1988 | ||
| Praon sp. | Aphis sp. | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Braconinae | Bracon (Habrobracon) hebetor (Say, 1836) | Crambidae, Lycaenidae, Pyralidae (Lep.) | Quilici et al. 2003 | |
| Iphiaulax didymus (Brullé, 1846) | Unknown | Brullé 1846 | ||
| Charmontinae | Charmon ramagei Rousse, 2013 | Unknown | Rousse 2013 | |
| Cheloninae | Chelonus (Microchelonus) curvimaculatus Cameron, 1906 | Pectinophora gossypiella, Trichoplusia ni | Quilici et al. 2003 Braet et al. 2012 | |
| Chelonus (Microchelonus) matilei Braet & Rousse, 2012 | Unknown | Braet et al. 2012 | ||
| Chelonus (Chelonus) mayi Braet & Rousse, 2012 | Unknown | Braet et al. 2012 | ||
| Chelonus (Microchelonus) merdicus Rousse & Braet, 2012 | Unknown | Braet et al. 2012 | ||
| Chelonus sp. | Unknown | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Doryctinae | Ipodoryctes sp. | Coleoptera | Zaldivar-Riveron et al. 2008 | |
| Rinamba opacicollis Cameron, 1912 | Coleoptera | Braet 2001 | ||
| Euphorinae | Centistes caloupile Rousse & Braet, 2012 | Unknown | Rousse and Braet 2012 | |
| Chrysopophthorus sp. | Chrysopidae | Semeria and Quilici 1986 | ||
| Cosmophorus merdiculatus Rousse & Braet, 2012 | Scolytinae | Rousse and Braet 2012 | ||
| Leiophron sarahae Rousse & Braet, 2012 | Miridae or Psocoptera | Rousse and Braet 2012 | ||
| Leiophron yaeli Rousse & Braet, 2012 | Miridae or Psocoptera | Rousse and Braet 2012 | ||
| Meteorus anthracnemis de Saeger, 1946 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Braet 2012 | ||
| Meteorus comonile Rousse & Braet, 2012 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Braet 2012 | ||
| Meteorus pulchricornis Rousse & Braet, 2012 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Braet 2012 | ||
| BRACONIDAE | Euphorinae | Syntretus massale Rousse & Braet, 2012 | Hymenoptera | Rousse and Braet 2012 |
| Gnamptodontinae | Gnamptodon legorskyi Fischer, 2014 | Nepticulidae | Fischer 2014 | |
| Microgastrinae | Apanteles aff. acutissimus Granger, 1949 | Diaphana indica | Vayssières et al. 2001 | |
| Apanteles bordagei Giard, 1902 | Crobylophora daricellaLeucoptera caffeinaLeucoptera mayricki | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Apanteles fontinalis de Saeger, 1944 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson, 1932 | Lepidoptera, Pyralidae | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Apanteles minatchy Rousse & Gupta, 2013 | Lepidoptera | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Apanteles nigrofemoratus Granger, 1949 | Lepidoptera, Cheurotidae | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Apanteles phasmina Rousse, 2013 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Apanteles romei Rousse, 2013 | Diaphina sp. | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Cotesia flavipes Cameron, 1891 | Lepidoptera | Kfir et al. 2002 | ||
| Cotesia plutellae (Kurdumov, 1912) | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Cotesia ruficrus (Haliday, 1834) | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron, 1906) | Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Pyralidae | Van Achterberg and Polaszek 1996 | ||
| Cotesia xavieri Rousse, 2013 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Diolcogaster austrina (Wilkinson, 1929) | Lepidoptera | Aubert 1966 | ||
| Diolcogaster curticornis (Granger, 1949) | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Distatrix belliger (Wilkinson, 1929) | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Distatrix yunae Rousse & Gupta, 2013 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Dodogaster grangeri Rousse, 2013 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Dolichogenidea ashoka Rousse, 2013 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Dolichogenidea broadi Rousse, 2013 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Dolichogenidea lumba Rousse & Gupta, 2013 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Dolichogenidea uru Rousse & Gupta, 2013 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| BRACONIDAE | Microgastrinae | Dolichogenidea villemantae Rousse, 2013 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 |
| Exoryza safranum Rousse & Gupta, 2013 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Glyoptapanteles antsirabensis (Granger, 1949) | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Glyptapanteles chidra Rousse & Gupta, 2013 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Glyptapanteles ficus (Granger, 1949) | Naroma signifera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Glyptapanteles subandinus (Blanchard, 1947) | Achyra bifidalisPhthorimaea opercullelaScrobipalpula absoluta | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Microplitis subsulcatus Granger, 1949 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Nyereria ganges Rousse & Gupta, 2013 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Nyereria mayurus Rousse & Gupta, 2013 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Parapanteles covino Rousse & Gupta, 2013 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Parapanteles darignac Rousse & Gupta, 2013 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Venanides curticornis (Granger, 1949) | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Wilkinsonellus narangahus Rousse & Gupta, 2013 | Unknown | Rousse and Gupta 2013 | ||
| Opiinae | Diachasmimorpha fullawayi (Silvestri, 1913) | Ceratitis capitata | Quilici et al. 2003 | |
| Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron, 1911) | Diptera, Tephritidae | Hurtrel et al. 1999 | ||
| Fopius arisanus (Sonan, 1932) | Diptera, Tephritidae | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Opius dissitus Muesebeck, 1963 | Diptera, Agromyzidae | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Opius (Utetes) coriacitergum Fischer, 2014 | Diptera Cyclorrhapha | Fischer 2014 | ||
| Opius (Tolbia) karlmayi Fischer, 2014 | Diptera Cyclorrhapha | Fischer 2014 | ||
| Opius (Gastrosema) laticrenis Fischer, 2014 | Diptera Cyclorrhapha | Fischer 2014 | ||
| Opius (Opius) raoiformis Fischer, 2014 | Diptera Cyclorrhapha | Fischer 2014 | ||
| Opius (Utetes) semipilosus Fischer, 2014 | Diptera Cyclorrhapha | Fischer 2014 | ||
| Opius (Gastrosema) waterloti Granger, 1949 | Diptera Cyclorrhapha | Fischer and Madl 2008 | ||
| Psyttalia cosyrae [1] (Wilkinson, 1927) | Dacus sp. | – | ||
| BRACONIDAE | Opiinae | Psyttalia distinguenda (Granger, 1949) | Diptera Cyclorrhapha | Wharton et al. 1999 |
| Psyttalia fletcheri (Sylvestri, 1916) | Diptera Cyclorrhapha | Hurtrel et al. 1999 | ||
| Psyttalia insignipennis (Granger, 1949) | Ceratitis capitataCeratitis catoiriiNeoceratitis cyanescens | Wharton et al. 1999 | ||
| Psyttalia phaeostigma (Wilkinson, 1927) | Dacus ciliatusDacus demmerezi | Fischer 1987 | ||
| Psyttalia sanctamarina (Fischer, 1980) | Spathulina aroleuca | Fischer 1980 | ||
| Psyttalia subsulcata (Granger, 1949) | Spathulina aroleuca | Fischer and Madl 2008 | ||
| ICHNEUMONIDAE | Banchinae | Himertosoma bebourensis (Benoit, 1957) | Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Gelechiidae | Benoit 1957 |
| Himertosoma striata (Seyrig, 1932) | Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Gelechiidae | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Campopleginae | Campoplex techer Rousse & Villemant, 2012 | Lepidoptera, Coleoptera or Hymenoptera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | |
| Diadegma insulare (Cresson, 1865) | Lepidoptera, Plutellidae, Pyralidae | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren, 1868) | Lepidoptera, Plutellidae, Gelechiidae | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Dusona douraguia Rousse & Villemant, 2012 | Symphyta or Lepidoptera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Dusona pauliani (Benoit, 1957) | Symphyta or Lepidoptera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Enytus huet Rousse & Villemant, 2012 | Lepidoptera, Coleoptera or Hymenoptera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Eriborus cadjee Rousse & Villemant, 2012 | Unknown. | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Eriborus pallipes (Brullé, 1846) | Unknown. | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Hyposoter reunionis (Benoit, 1957) | Lepidoptera, Coleoptera or Hymenoptera | Benoit 1957 | ||
| Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst, 1829) | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Xanthocampoplex huberti Rousse & Villemant, 2012 | Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Pyralidae | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Cremastinae | Pristomerus rivier Rousse & Villemant, 2012 | Plutella xylostella, Prophantis smaragdina | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | |
| Temelucha basiornata (Cameron, 1911) | Diptera, Diopsidae | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Temelucha labusi Rousse & Villemant, 2012 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Cremastinae | Temelucha minuta (Morley, 1912) | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | |
| ICHNEUMONIDAE | Cremastinae | Temelucha pestifer (Morley, 1913) | Lepidoptera | Benoit 1957 |
| Temelucha talibarti Rousse, Villemant & Seyrig, 2011 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Temelucha sp. 1 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Temelucha sp. 2 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Trathala annulicornis (Tosquinet, 1896) | Leucinodes orbonalis | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Trathala flavoorbitalis (Cameron, 1907) | Leucinodes orbonalis | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Cryptinae | Acrolyta dindar Rousse & Villemant, 2012 | Unknown. | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | |
| Diatora albiscapus (Seyrig, 1952) | Apanteles | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Paraphylax mussar Rousse & Villemant, 2012 | Heliothis armigera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Paraphylax transversatoria (Seyrig, 1952) | Heliothis armigera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Phygadeuon nativel Rousse & Villemant, 2012 | Musca domesticaRhagoletis cerasi | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Diplazontinae | Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius, 1781) | Diptera, Syrphidae | Saussure 1892 | |
| Ichneumoninae | Crytea albitrochanterata (Heinrich, 1938) | Aletia pallens Despressaria heracliana | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | |
| Ichneumon unicinctus Brullé, 1846 | Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Amphipyrinae | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Mesochorinae | Mesochorus cariniferus Benoit, 1955 | Phryganidia california | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | |
| Mesochorus sp. | Phryganidia california | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Metopiinae | Triclistus aitkeni (Cameron, 1897) | Unknown. | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | |
| Ophioninae | Enicospilus angustatus (Brullé, 1846) | Lepidoptera | Bordage 1914 | |
| Enicospilus betanimenus (de Saussure, 1892) | Lepidoptera, Noctuidae | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Enicospilus dolosus (Tosquinet, 1896) | Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Crambidae | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Enicospilus dubius (Tosquinet, 1896) | Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Plusiidae | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Eniscopilus grandiflavus Townes, 1973 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Enicospilus helvolus Gauld & Mitchell, 1978 | Anomis leona | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Enicospilus hova Gauld & Mitchell, 1978 | Lepidoptera | Gauld and Mitchell 1978 | ||
| ICHNEUMONIDAE | Ophioninae | Enicospilus mauritii (de Saussure, 1892) | Lepidoptera | Bordage 1914 |
| Enicospilus rufus (Brullé, 1846) | Ctenoplusia limbirenaTrigonodes hyppasia | Benoit 1957 | ||
| Enicospilus ruscus Gauld & Mitchell, 1978 | Lepidoptera, Noctuidae | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Enicospilus sesamiae Delobel, 1974 | Lepidoptera, Brachodidae, Noctuidae | Zwart 1998 | ||
| Enicospilus transvaalensis Cameron, 1911 | Mythimna sp. Sesamia calamistis | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Enicospilus vitry Rousse & Villemant, 2012 | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Orthocentrinae | Megastylus vagabundus Seyrig, 1934 | Diptera or Hymenoptera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | |
| Orthocentrus urbanus Seyrig, 1934 | Diptera, Coleoptera or Hymenoptera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Pantisarthrus isolatus (Benoit, 1957) | Unknown. | Benoit 1957 | ||
| Proclitus ligatus (Seyrig, 1934) | Diptera or Lepidoptera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Stenomacrus payet Rousse & Villemant, 2012 | Unknown. | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Tariqia stellaris Rousse & Villemant, 2012 | Unknown. | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Pimplinae | Echthromorpha spinator (Fabricius, 1798) | Nagia linteola | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | |
| Itoplectis albipes Seyrig, 1932 | Unknown. | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Xanthophenax defector Seyrig, 1932 | Hypsipyla scabruscelella | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Xanthophenax pacificator Seyrig, 1932 | Hypsipyla scabruscelella | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Xanthophenax xanthomelas (Brullé, 1846) | Hypsipyla scabruscelella | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Xanthopimpla stemmator (Thunberg, 1824) | Lepidoptera, Pyralidae | Kfir et al. 2002 | ||
| Zatypota inexpectata Seyrig, 1932 | Araneae or Lepidoptera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Tersilochinae | Aneuclis larga Khalaim, 2009 | Unknown. | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | |
| Diaparsis ramassamy Rousse & Villemant, 2012 | Coleoptera, Symphyta | Rousse and Villemant 2012 | ||
| Tryphoninae | Netelia melanopus (Brullé, 1846) | Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Pyralidae, Noctuidae | Saussure 1892 | |
| Netelia sp. | Lepidoptera | Rousse and Villemant 2012 |
[1] Fischer (1987) recorded it from Reunion, because «Réunion, Mayotte» is indicated on the label
Table 2.
List of the Chalcidoidea recorded from Reunion Island.
| Familly | Subfamilly | Genus / Species | General host information | Recorded from |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGAONIDAE | Agaoninae | Elisabethiella reflexa Wiebes, 1975 | Ficus reflexa and Ficus aldabrensis (Moraceae) | Wiebes 1975 |
| Nigeriella avicola Wiebes, 1975 | Ficus rubra (Moraceae) | Wiebes 1975 | ||
| Platyscapa etiennei Wiebes, 1977 | Ficus salicifolia (Moraceae) | Wiebes 1977 | ||
| Kradibiinae | Ceratosolen coecus (Coquerel, 1855) | Ficus mauritiana (Moraceae) | Coquerel 1855 | |
| Kradibia etiennei Wiebes, 1990 | Ficus lateriflora (Moraceae) | Wiebes and Gompton 1990 | ||
| Sycophaginae | Sycophaga explorator (Coquerel, 1855) | Uknown Moraceae | Coquerel 1855 | |
| APHELINIDAE | Aphelininae | Aphelinus asychis (Walker, 1839) | Aphididae (Hemiptera) | Vayssières et al. 2001 |
| Aphelinus gossypii Timberlake, 1924 | Aphididae (Hemiptera) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Aphelinus mariscusae (Risbec, 1957) | Aphididae (Hemiptera) | Risbec 1957 | ||
| Aphelinus varipes (Förster, 1841) | Aphididae (Hemiptera) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Aphytis africanus (Quednau, 1964) | Aonidiella aurantii (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Aphytis coheni (DeBach, 1960) | Aspidiotus nerii (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Aphytis holoxanthus (DeBach, 1960) | Diaspididae (Hemiptera) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Aphytis lepidosaphes (Compere, 1955) | Lepidosaphes beckii (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Aphytis lignanensis (Compere, 1955) | Aonidiella aurantii, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Aphytis melinus (DeBach, 1959) | Aonidiella aurantii (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Marietta leopardina (Motschulsky, 1863) | Hymenoptera | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Calesinae | Cales noacki Howard, 1907 | Aleurotrachelus atratus, Aleurothrixus floccosus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) | Etienne 1977 | |
| Coccophaginae | Coccophagus ceroplastae (Howard, 1985) | Coccoidae, Diaspididae or Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera) | Quilici et al. 2003 | |
| Coccophagus cowperi (Girault, 1917) | Saissetia (Hemiptera: Coccidae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Coccophagus rusti (Compere, 1928) | Saissetia oleae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Encarsia acaudaleyrodis Hayat, 1976 | Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Encarsia brasiliensis (Hempel, 1904) | Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Encarsia citrina (Craw, 1891) | Coccoidae (Hemiptera) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Encarsia diaspidicola (Silvestri, 1909) | Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Encarsia formosa Gahan, 1924 | Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Encarsia lounsburyi (Berlese & Paoli, 1916) | Coccoidae (Hemiptera) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Encarsia luteola Howard, 1895 | Bemisia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Encarsia nigricephala Dozier, 1937 | Trialeurodes (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Encarsia perniciosi (Tower, 1913) | Quadraspidiotus perniciosus | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Encarsia sophia (Girault & Dodd, 1915) | Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporarium (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| APHELINIDAE | Coccophaginae | Encarsia tabacivora Viggiani, 1985 | Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera) | Vayssières et al. 2001 |
| Eretmocerinae | Eretmocerus hayati (Zolnerowich & Rose, 1998) | Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporarium (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | |
| Eretmocerus mundus (Mercet, 1931) | Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci,Trialeurodes vaporarium (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| CHALCIDIDAE | Chalcidinae | Brachymeria nephantidis Gahan, 1930 | Nephantis serinopa (Lepidoptera: Autostichidae), Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) | Ramage et al. 2011 |
| Brachymeria podagrica (Fabricius, 1787) | Lepidoptera and Diptera | Ramage et al. 2011 | ||
| Dirhinus galesusaeformis (Risbec, 1957) | Unknown | Risbec 1957 | ||
| Dirhinus giffardii (Silvestri, 1913) | Tephritidae (Diptera) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Dirhinus himalayanus Westwood, 1836 | Some Diptera in: Tephritidae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae | Ramage et al. 2011 | ||
| Epitraninae | Epitranus erythrogaster Cameron, 1888 | Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) | Ramage et al. 2011 | |
| Epitranus evanioides (Westwood, 1835) | Unknown | Ramage et al. 2011 | ||
| Haltichellinae | Anthrocephalus crassipes (Masi, 1940) | Unknown | Ramage et al. 2011 | |
| Anthrocephalus dividens (Walker, 1860) | Unknown | Ramage et al. 2011 | ||
| Hockeria fluvipes Masi, 1917 | Unknown | Ramage et al. 2011 | ||
| Proconura eublemmae (Steffan, 1951) | Eublemma gayneri (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) | Ramage et al. 2011 | ||
| ENCYRTIDAE | Encyrtinae | Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya, 1983 | Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) | Quilici et al. 2003 |
| Ageniaspis fuscicallis (Dalman, 1920) | Yponomeuta malinellus (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), Acrolepia assectella (lepidoptera: Acrolepidae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Aloencyrtus obscuratus (Waterston, 1917) | Coccidae (Hemiptera) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Arrhenophagus chionaspidis (Aurivillius, 1888) | Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Cheiloneurus cyanonotus (Waterston, 1917) | Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) | Risbec 1957 | ||
| Comperiella bifasciata (Howard, 1906) | Diaspididae (Hemiptera) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Copidosoma koelheri (Blanchard, 1940) | Phtorimea operculella | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam & Agarwal, 1975) | Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| ENCYRTIDAE | Encyrtinae | Habrolepsis rouxi (Compere, 1936) | Aonidiella aurantii (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) | Quilici et al. 2003 |
| Homalotylus eytelweinii (Ratzeburg, 1844) | Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) | Delpoux et al. 2013 | ||
| Metaphycus galbus (Annecke, 1964) | Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Hemiptera, Coccidae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Microterys nietneri (Motschulsky, 1859) | Coccidae (Hemiptera) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Psyllaephagus pulvinatus (Waterson, 1922) | Psyllidae (Hemiptera) | Aubert 1975 | ||
| Syrphophagus africanus (Gahan, 1932) | Hyperparasitoid of aphid parasitoid | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Tetracneminae | Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Girault, 1915) | Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | |
| EULOPHIDAE | Entedoninae | Chrysocharis bedius (Walker, 1842) | Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) | Vayssières et al. 2001 |
| Chrysocharis sp. | Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Chrysonotomyia pulcherrima (Kerrich, 1970) | Procontarinia matteiana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Neochrysocharis formosus (Westwood, 1833) | Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Neochrysocharis sp. | Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Platocharis coffeae (Ferrière, 1936) | Leucoptera spp. (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) | Ferrière 1936 | ||
| Eulophinae | Cirrospilus cinctiventris (Ferrière, 1936) | Leucoptera spp. (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | |
| Cirrospilus crowei (Kerrich, 1969) | Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Elachertus insularis (Risbec, 1957) | Unknown | Risbec 1957 | ||
| Elasmus masii Ferrière, 1929 | (Hyper)Parasitoid of Lepidoptera | Risbec 1957 | ||
| Euplectrus bebourensis Risbec, 1957 | Lepidoptera | Risbec 1957 | ||
| Hamonia reunionensis (Risbec, 1957) | Unknown | Risbec 1957 | ||
| Hamonia sexdentata (Risbec, 1957) | Unknown | Risbec 1957 | ||
| Hamonia sylvatica (Risbec, 1957) | Unknown | Risbec 1957 | ||
| Hemiptarsenus varicornis Girault, 1913 | Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Notanisomorphella borborica (Giard, 1903) | Leucoptera spp. (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Stenomesius belouvi (Risbec, 1957) | Unknown | Risbec 1957 | ||
| Stenomesius masii (Risbec, 1957) | Unknown | Risbec 1957 | ||
| Tetrastichinae | Aprostocetus ceroplastae (Girault, 1916) | Ceroplastes destructor (Hemiptera, Coccidae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | |
| Aprostocetus toddaliae (Risbec, 1958) | Ceroplastes rusci (Hemiptera, Coccidae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Gyrolasia hellburgi (Risbec, 1957) | Unknown | Risbec 1957 | ||
| Nesolynx phaeosoma (Waterston, 1915) | Epischnia beharella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| EULOPHIDAE | Tetrastichinae | Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov, 1912) | Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) | Vayssières et al. 2001 |
| Quadrastichus erythrinae (Kim, 2004) | Erythrina (Fabales: Fabaceae) | Kim et al. 2004 | ||
| Tamaraxia dryi (Waterston, 1922) | Psyllidae (Hemiptera) | Etienne and Aubert 1980 | ||
| Tamaraxia radiata (Waterston, 1922) | Psyllidae (Hemiptera) | Aubert et al. 1979 | ||
| Tetrastichus giffardianus (Silvestri, 1915) | Tephritidae (Diptera) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Tetrastichus gyrolasiaeformis (Risbec, 1957) | Unknown | Risbec 1957 | ||
| Tetrastichus sesamiae (Risbec, 1951) | Lepidoptera | Risbec 1957 | ||
| EUPELMIDAE | Eupelminae | Eupelmus sp. | Extremely polyphagous | Vayssières et al. 2001 |
| EURYTOMIDAE | Eurytominae | Eurytoma ivohibei (Risbec, 1957) | Unknown | Risbec 1957 |
| Eurytoma reunionensis (Risbec, 1957) | Unknown | Risbec 1957 | ||
| ORMYRIDAE | Ormyrus australis Westwood, 1832 | Unknown | Risbec 1957 | |
| PTEROMALIDAE | Eunotinae | Mesopeltita truncatipennis (Waterston, 1917) | Coccidae (Hemiptera) | Quilici et al. 2003 |
| Moranila californica (Howard, 1881) | Saissetia oleae, Ceroplastes floridensis (Hemiptera, Coccidae) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Miscogasterinae | Halticoptera sp. | Melanagromyza phaseoli, Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | |
| Pteromalinae | Muscidifurax raptor (Girault & Sanders, 1910) | Muscidae (Diptera) | Quilici et al. 2003 | |
| Muscidifurax uniraptor (Kogan &Legner, 1970) | Muscidae (Diptera) | Quilici et al. 2003 | ||
| Pachyneuron sp. | Extremely polyphagous | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Pachyneuron longiradius (Silvestri, 1915) | Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) | Delvare unpublished | ||
| Ploskana tenuis (Boucek, 1976) | Tephritidae (Diptera) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| PTEROMALIDAE | Pteromalinae | Pteromalus sp. | Extremely polyphagous | Vayssières et al. 2001 |
| Spodophagus lepidopterae (Risbec, 1952) | Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) | van Noort 2013 | ||
| Trichomalopsis sp. | Muscidae (Diptera) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Spalangiinae | Spalangia endius (Walker, 1839) | Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), Dacus ciliatus (Diptera: Tephritidae) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | |
| Spalangia gemina Boucek, 1963 | Muscidae, Tephritidae (Diptera) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Spalangia seyrigi (Risbec, 1952) | Dacus ciliatus (Diptera: Tephritidae) | Vayssières et al. 2001 | ||
| Sycoecinae | Seres bouceki (Wiebes, 1981) | Ficus reflexa reflexa (Moraceae) | Wiebes 1981 | |
| Sycoryctinae | Apocrypta perplexa Coquerel, 1855 | Ficus mauritiana (Moraceae) | Coquerel 1855 | |
| Sycoryctes anceps Wiebes, 1981 | Ficus densifolia (Moraceae) | Wiebes 1981 | ||
| Sycoryctes caelebs Wiebes, 1975 | Ficus densifolia (Moraceae) | Wiebes 1975 | ||
| Sycoryctes comparabilis Wiebes, 1981 | Ficus densifolia (Moraceae) | Wiebes 1981 | ||
| Sycoryctes remus Wiebes, 1981 | Ficus reflexa reflexa (Moraceae) | Bouček et al. 1981 | ||
| Sycoscapter gibbus Saunders, 1883 | Ficus politoria and Ficus lateriflora (Moraceae) | Saunders 1883 | ||
| Sycoscpater tibialis Wiebes, 1981 | Ficus rubra (Moraceae) | Wiebes 1981 | ||
| Philotrypesis cnephaea Wiebes, 1981 | Ficus reflexa reflexa (Moraceae) | Wiebes 1981 | ||
| Watshamiella fictitia Wiebes, 1981 | Ficus rubra (Moraceae) | Wiebes 1981 | ||
| Watshamiella lucens Wiebes, 1981 | Ficus densifolia (Moraceae) | Wiebes 1981 | ||
| SIGNIPHORIDAE | – | Chartocerus sp. | Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) | Delvare unpublished |
| TORYMIDAE | Megastigminae | Megastigmus transvaalensis (Hussey, 1956) | Anacardiaceae (Sapindales) | Habeck et al. 1989 |
| TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE | Trichogrammatinae | Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii, 1941) | Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) | Vayssières et al. 2001 |
Table 3.
List of the Cynipoidea, Chrysidoidea, Platygastroidea, Diaprioidea, Ceraphronoidea and Evanioidea recorded from Reunion Island.
| Superfamilly | Familly | Subfamilly | Genus / Species | General host information | Recorded from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CYNIPOIDEA | FIGITIDAE | Eucoilinae | Aganaspis daci (Weld, 1951) | Tephritidae (Diptera) | Etienne 1975 |
| Leptopilina freyae Allemand & Nordlander, 2003 | Drosophila ssp. | Allemand et al. 2003 | |||
| Leptopilina guineanensis Allemand & Nordlander, 2003 | Drosophila ssp. | Allemand et al. 2003 | |||
| Leptopilina orientalis Allemand & Nordlander, 2003 | Drosophila ssp. | Allemand et al. 2003 | |||
| Leptopilina victoriae Nordlander, 1980 | Drosophila ssp. | Allemand et al. 2003 | |||
| Rhoptromeris bupalus Quinlan, 1986 | Chloropidae (Diptera) | Quinlan 1986 | |||
| Rhoptromeris crito Quinlan, 1986 | Chloropidae (Diptera) | Quinlan 1986; Madl and Achterberg 2014 | |||
| CHRYSIDOIDEA | BETHYLIDAE | Bethylinae | Goniozus indicus (Ashmead, 1903) | Pyralidae, Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera) | Polaszek et al. 1994 |
| CHRYSIDIDAE | Amiseginae | Senesega attiei (Kimsey, 2005) | Phasmatodea | Kimsey 2005 | |
| Chrysidinae | Chrysis gheudei [1] Guérin-Méneville, 1842 | Vespidae and Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) | Azevedo et al. 2010 | ||
| CHRYSIDOIDEA | CHRYSIDIDAE | Chrysidinae | Praestochrysis lusca (Fabricius, 1804) | Chalybion madecassumSceliphron fuscum (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae) | Bordage 1912 |
| DRYINIDAE | Anteoninae | Anteon reunionense (Olmi, 1987) | Cicadellidae (Hemiptera) | Olmi 1987 | |
| Gonatopodinae | Gonatopus similis Brues, 1906 | Dicranotropis muiri, Perkinsiella saccharicida (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) | Olmi 1987a | ||
| PLATYGASTROIDEA | PLATYGASTRIDAE | Platygastrinae | Leptacis risbeci (Masner, 1960) | Cecidomyidae (Diptera) | van Noort 2013 |
| Synopeas pauliani (Risbec, 1957) | Cecidomyidae (Diptera) | Risbec 1957 | |||
| SCELIONIDAE | Scelioninae | Macroteleia insularis (Risbec, 1957) | Unknown | Risbec 1957 | |
| Styloteleia gibbosa (Risbec, 1957) | Unknown | Risbec 1957 | |||
| Telenominae | Telenomus busseolae Gahan, 1922 | Pyralidae (Lepidoptera) | Rao and Nagaraja 1969 | ||
| DIAPRIOIDEA | DIAPRIIDAE | Diapriinae | Trichopria belouvi (Risbec, 1957) | Tachinidae, Tephritidae (Diptera) | Risbec 1957; Notton 2004; Madl 2015 |
| Trichopria inconspicua (Kieffer, 1905) | Tachinidae, Tephritidae (Diptera) | Huggert 1977; Madl 2015 | |||
| Trichopria jeanneli Notton, 2004 | Tachinidae, Tephritidae (Diptera) | Risbec 1957; Madl 2015 | |||
| Trichopria scotti (Kieffer, 1912) | Tachinidae, Tephritidae (Diptera) | Risbec 1957 | |||
| Trichopria variabilis (Risbec, 1950) | Tachinidae, Tephritidae (Diptera) | Risbec 1957 | |||
| CERAPHRONOIDEA | CERAPHONIDAE | - | Aphanogmus fijensis (Ferrière, 1933) | Cotesia sesamiae (Braconidae) | Polaszek and LaSalle 1995; Madl 2015 |
| Ceraphron amphimelas (Dessart 1989) | Hemiptera: Diaspididae | Dessart 1984; Madl 2015 | |||
| MEGASPILIDAE | Dendrocerus wollastoni (Dodd, 1920) | Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) | Delvare unpublished | ||
| Dendrocerus sp. | Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) | Delvare unpublished | |||
| EVANIOIDEA | EVANIIDAE | - | Evania appengaster (Linnaeus, 1758) | Blattidae (Blattodea) | Madl and Ganeshan 2008 |
| Prosevania erythrosoma [2] (Schletterer, 1886) | Blatta orientalis (Blattodea: Blattidae) | Madl and Ganeshan 2008 |
[1] Probably a misidentification of Chrysis lincea (Azevedo et al. 2010) [2] Recorded from Rodrigues and Mauritious, not (yet) from Reunion Island
Citation
Muru D, Madl M, Jacquot M, Deguine J-P (2017) A literature-based review of Hymenoptera Parasitica and Chrysidoidea from Reunion Island. ZooKeys 652: 55–128. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.652.10729
References
- Abd-Rabou S. (2003) Host range and distribution of Marietta leopardina (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) a parasitoid of hemipterous and hymenopterous insects in egypt. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 81(2): 555–562.
- Abd-Rabou S. (2005) Importation, colonization and establishment of Coccophagus cowperi Gir. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Saissetia coffeae (Walk.) (Homoptera: Coccidae) in Egypt. Journal of Pest Science 78: 77–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-004-0071-4
- Ables JR, Shepard M. (1974) Responses and competition of the parasitoids Spalangia endius and Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at different densities of house fly pupae. The Canadian Entomologist 106(8): 825–830. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent106825-8
- Abul-Nasr S, Assem MAH. (1968) Studies on the biological processes of the bean fly, Melanagromyza phaseoli (Tryon) (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d’Egypte 52: 283–295.
- Allemand R, Lemaître C, Frey F, Boulétreau M, Vavre F, Nordlander G, van Alphen J, Carton Y. (2002) Phylogeny of six African Leptopilina species (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea, Figitidae), parasitoids of Drosophila, with descriptions of three new species. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 38(4): 319–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2002.10697346
- Ameri A, Talebi AA, Rakhshani E, Beyarslan A, Kamali K. (2014) Study of the genus Opius Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae) in southern Iran, with eleven new records. Zootaxa 3884(1): 001–026. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3884.1.1 [DOI] [PubMed]
- Arakaki N, Kinjo K. (1998) Notes on the Parasitoid Fauna of the Serpentine Leaf miner Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Okinawa, Southern Japan. Applied Entomology and Zoology 33: 577–582.
- Argov Y, Schneider B, Rosen D. (1992) Parasitism of Florida wax scale, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock, on citrus in Israel. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 55(1): 21–31.
- Aubert JF. (1966) Liste d’identification No.7 (Présentée par le Service d’Identification des Entomophages). Entomophaga 11: 135–151.
- Aubert B. (1975) La lutte amenagée contre les ravageurs des agrumes en Afrique du sud et ses applications possible pour les Mascareignes. Fruits 30(3): 149–159.
- Aubert B, Bové JM, Etienne J. (1979) La lutte contre le greening des agrumes à La Réunion. Résultats et perspectives. Fruits 35(10): 605–624.
- Azevedo CO, Madl M, Olmi M. (2010) A catalogue of Bethylidae, Chrysididae, Dryinidae, Embolemidae, Sclerogibbidae and Scolebythidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) of the Malagasy Subregion. Linzer Biologische Beitraege 42(2): 845–918.
- Baroffio C. (1997) Some aspects of the biology of Encarsia perniciosi (Tower) in its host, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), and application of the results in a biological control program. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 70: 323–333.
- Baur H. (2015) Pusing the limits – two new species of Pteromalus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae) from central europe with remarkable morphology. ZooKeys 514: 43–72. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.514.9910 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed]
- Benoit PLG. (1957) Les Ichneumonides des îles Mascareignes. Mémoires de l’institut scientifique de Madagascar E(8): 307–316.
- Berry JA. (1997) Meteorus pulchricornis Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae), a new record for New Zealand. New Zealand Entomologist 20: 45–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.1997.9722668
- Beyarslan A. (2015) A faunal study of the subfamily Doryctinae in Turkey (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology 39: 126–143. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1402-38
- Bordage E. (1914) Notes biologiques recueillies à l’Île de La Réunion. II. Sur la biologie et l’éthologie de divers Hyménoptères. Bulletin Scientifique de France et de Belgique 47(4): 377–412.
- Borowiec N, Quilici S, Ollivier L, Delvare G, Ryckewaert P, Reynaud B, Issimaila MA, Chadhouliathi AC, Youssouffa MA. (2007) Programme de lute biologique contre l’aleurode du cocotier aux Comores. [Poster]
- Bouček Z, Watsham A, Wiebes JT. (1981) The fig wasp fauna of the receptacles of Ficus thonningii (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Tijdschrift Voor Entomologie 124(5): 149–233.
- Broad G, Quicke DLJ. (2000) The adaptive significance of host locality by vibrational sounding in parasitoid wasps. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 267: 2403–2409. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2000.1298 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed]
- Brullé A. (1846) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes – Hyménoptères IV. Paris, 680pp.
- Buhl PN. (2011) Species of Platygastrinae and Sceliotrachellinae from rainforest canopies in Tanzania , with keys to the Afrotropical species of Amblyaspis, Inostemma, Leptacis, Platygaster and Synopeas (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 154: 75–126. https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-900000309
- Chartier M, Quilici S, Frérot B, Noirot M, Glénac S, Descroix F. (2013) La pyrale du café à La Reunion. Phytoma 660: 43–46.
- Chiri AA, Legner EF. (1982) Host-searching kairomones alter behavior of Chelonus sp. nr. curvimaculatus, a hymenopterous parasite of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). Environmental Entomology 11(2): 452–455. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/11.2.452
- Choudhary R, Prasad T, Raj BT, Saxena AP. (1983) Biology of Paraphylax sp. (Hym: Braconidae) an endoparasite of Heliothis armigera Hubn. Indian Journal of Plant Protection. 11(1/2): 110.
- Clausen CP. (1956) Biological control of insect pest in the continental united states. United state department of agriculture. Technical Bulletin 1139.
- Clausen CP, Clancy DW, Chock QC. (1965) Biological control of the Oriental fruit fly (Dacus dorsalis Hendel) and other fruit flies in Hawaii. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1322: 1–102.
- Daane KM, Barzman MS, Kennett CE, Caltagirone LE. (1991) Parasitoids of black scale in California: establishment of Prococcophagus probus Annecke; Mynhardt and Coccophagus rusti Compere (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in olive orchards. Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 67(2): 99–106.
- Dalaya VP, Patil SP. (1973) Laboratory rearing and field release of Copidosoma koehleri Blanchard, an exotic parasite, for the control of Gnorimoschema operculella Zeller. Research Journal of Mahatma Phule Agricultural University 4(2): 99–107.
- DeBach P. (1964) Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds. Chapman and Hall, London. 844pp.
- DeBach P, Rosen D. (1991) Biological Control by Natural Enemies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 443 pp.
- Delpoux C, Germain JF, Delvare G, Franck A, Normand F, Quilici S. (2013) Les cochenilles à sécrétions cireuses sur manguiers à La Réunion. Phytoma 665: 45–49.
- Delvare G, Rasplus JY. (1994) Spodophagus, a new genus of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera), for an important parasite of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) in Madagascar. Bulletin of Entomological Research 84(2): 191–197. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300039687
- Dessart P. (1984) Decouverte du male de Dendrocerus wollastoni (Dodd, 1920) (Hymenoptera Ceraphronoidea Megaspilidae). Bulletin & Annales de la Société Royale Belge d’Entomologie 120(7–8): 179–181.
- Dessart P. (1989) Considerations sur les especes africaines au sud de Sahara rapportees au genre Ceraphron Jurine, 1807. Bulletin & Annales de la Sociéte Royal de l’Entomologie de Belge 125(7–9): 213–235.
- Edwards OR, Hoy MA. (1998) Biology of Ageniaspis citricola (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a Parasitoid of the Leafminer Phyllocnistis dtrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 91(5): 654–660. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/91.5.654
- Etienne J. (1975) Annual Report from IRAT La Réunion. 91–93.
- Etienne J. (1976) Annual Report from IRAT La Réunion. 9–15.
- Etienne J, Aubert B. (1980) Biological control of Psyllid vector of greening disease in Reunion Island. Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the IOCV, Publisher IOCV Riverside, 118–121.
- Fabres G, Matile-Ferrero D. (1986) Les entomophages inféodés à la cochenille du manioc, Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom. Coccoidea Pseudococcidae) en République populaire du Congo: 1. Les composantes de l’entomocoenose et leurs inter-relations. In : La cochenille du manioc et sa biocoenose au Congo 1979–84. Office de la recherche scientifique et technique outre-mer, Brazzaville, 73–79.
- Farahani HK, Bell H, Goldansaz SH. (2012) Biology of Apanteles myeloenta (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a larval parasitoid of carob moth Ectomyelais ceratoniae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 15: 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2012.07.003
- Ferrière C. (1936) The parasites of the coffee leaf-miners (Leucoptera spp.) in Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research 27(3): 477–491. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300058338
- Fischer M. (1980) Fünf neue Raupenwespen (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Frustula Entomologica 1(14): 147–160.
- Fischer M. (1987) Hymenoptera, Opiinae III. Äthiopische, orientalische und australische Region. Das Tierreich 104(9–15): 1–734.
- Fischer M. (2014) Einige neue Arten der Dreizellen-Kieferwespen und Madenwespen von La Réunion (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae und Opiinae). Entomofauna 35(6): 101–133.
- Fischer M, Madl M. (2008) Review of the Opiinae of the Malagasy Subregion (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Linzer Biologische Beitraege 40: 1467–1489.
- Flanders SE. (1942) Abortive development in parasitic Hymenoptera, induced by the food plant of the insect host. Journal of Economic Entomology 35: 834–835. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/35.6.834
- Flanders SE. (1944) Observations on Comperiella bifasciata, an endoparasite of Diaspine coccids. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 37(3): 365–371. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/37.3.365
- Flanders SE. (1958) Moranila californica as a usurped Parasite of Saissetia oleae 1. Journal of Economic Entomology 51(2): 247–248. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/51.2.247a
- Funasaki GY, Lai PY, Nakahara LM, Beardsley JW, Ota AK. (1988) A review of biological control introductions in Hawaii: 1890 to 1985. Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society 28: 105–160.
- Gahukar RT. (1981) Biological control of insect pests of sorghum and pearl millet in West Africa. In: Biological control of pests: it’s potential in West Africa. Proceedings of an international conference held in Dakar, Senegal, 69–91.
- Gauld ID. (1980) Notes on an economically important species of Temelucha Förster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and a preliminary key to Australian species. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 70: 43–47. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300009755
- Gauld ID, Bolton B. (1988) The Hymenoptera. Oxford University Press, 331 pp.
- Gauld ID, Mitchell PA. (1978) The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of African parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, Slough, 287 pp.
- Geden CJ, Moon RD, Butler JF. (2006) Host Ranges of Six Solitary Filth Fly Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae, Chalcididae) from Florida, Eurasia, Morocco, and Brazil. Environmental Entomology 35(2): 405–412. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-35.2.405
- Gerling D, Spivak D, Vinson SB. (1987) Life history and host discrimination of Encarsia deserti (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) a parasitoid of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 80(2): 224–229. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/80.2.224
- Ghahari H, Shojai M, Bayat-Asadi H. (2004) Report of Encarsia lounsburyi (Hym.: Aphelinidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 23(2): 121–122.
- Ghahari H, Huang J, Abd-Rabou S. (2011) A contribution to the Encarsia and the Eretmocerus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) species from the arasbaran biosphere reserve and vicinity, northwestern Iran. Archives of Biological Sciences 63(3): 867–878. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS1103867G
- Gibson GAP. (2001) The Australian species of Pachyneuron Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 10(1): 29–54. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent13349-1
- Gibson GAP. (2011) The species of Eupelmus (Eupelmus) Dalman and Eupelmus (Episolindelia) Girault (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) in North America north of Mexico. Zootaxa 2951: 1–97.
- Gibson GA, Floate K. (2001) Species of Trichomalopsis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) associated with filth flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in North America. The Canadian Entomologist 133(1): 49–85.
- Goebel O. (1987) Contribution to the biological study of two parasites Encarsia diaspidicola Silvestri and Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius of the diaspine scale Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targ-Tozz in Reunion Island. Centre National d’Etudes Agronomiques des Régions Chaudes, Montpellier, 54 pp.
- Granger C. (1949) Braconides de Madagascar. Mémoires de l’institut scientifique de Madagascar, Série A2: 1–428.
- Grissell E, Schauff M. (1990) A Handbook of the Families of Nearctic Chalcidoidae (Hymenoptera). Entomological Society of Washington 1: 1–85.
- Habeck DH, Bennett FD, Grissel EE. (1989) First record of a phytophagous seed chalcid from Brazilian peppertree in Florida. Florida Entomologist 72: 378–379. https://doi.org/10.2307/3494922
- Hayat M. (1998) Aphelinidae of India (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): A taxonomic revision. Memoirs of Entomology International, Volume 13. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, 416 pp.
- Heinz KM, Parrella MP. (1994) Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Koltz.) cultivar-mediated differences in performance of five natural enemies of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring, n. sp. (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Biological Control 4(4): 305–318. https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.1994.1039
- Hernandez-Suarez E, Carnero A, Brito P, Febles JC, Hernandez M. (2000) Possibilities for the use of Encarsia hispida De Santis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in the biological control of the spiralling whiteflies Aleurodicus dispersus Russell and Lecanoideus floccissimus Martin et al. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). (Abstract 1547) Abstracts, XXI International Congress of Entomology, Brazil, 1, 390.
- Hoy MA, Jessey C. (2004) Ageniaspis citricola (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) established in Bermuda. Florida Entomologist 87(2): 229–230. https://doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0229:ACHEEI]2.0.CO;2
- Hoy MA, Nguyen R. (1998) Citrus Psylla: here in Florida – an action plan – updated. University of Florida Pest Alert.
- Huddleston T. (1980) A revision of the western Palaearctic species of the genus Meteorus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Entomology Series) 4(1): 1–58.
- Hurtrel B, Quilici S, Nénon JP, Gourdon F. (1999) L’activité de ponte de Psytallia fletcheri (Silvestri) et Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron) (Braconidae: Opiinae), parasitoïdes de Mouches des Fruits (Diptera: Tephritidae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 35: 443–446.
- Hussey NW. (1956) A new genus of African Megastigminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 25: 157–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1956.tb01114.x
- Jones D. (1986) Chelonus sp.: Suppression of host ecdysteroids and developmentally stationary pseudoparasitized prepupae. Experimental parasitology 61(1): 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4894(86)90129-3 [DOI] [PubMed]
- Joy PJ, Narendran TC, Joseph KJ. (1978) Biology of Brachymeria nephantidis Gahan and Brachymeria lasus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Agriculture Research Journal of Kerala 16(1): 39–42.
- Kapadia MN. (1999) The rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica Staint. as a potential laboratory host for rearing of Brachymeria nephantidis Gahan and Brachymeria lasus Walk. Journal of Applied Zoological Researches 10(1): 56–57.
- Kerrich GJ. (1969) Systematic studies on eulophid parasites (Hym., Chalcidoidea) mostly of coffee leafminers in Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research 59: 195–228. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300003163
- Kfir R, Overholt WA, Khan ZR, Polaszek A. (2002) Biology and management of economically important lepidopteran cereal stem borers in Africa. Annual Review of Entomology 47: 701–731. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145254 [DOI] [PubMed]
- Kim IK, Delvare G, La Salle J. (2004) A new species of Quadrastichus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): A gall-inducing pest on Erythrina (Fabacae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 13(2): 243–249.
- Kreiter P, Dijoux L, Donnadieu F, Malausa JC, Quilici S. (2000) Tentative d’introduction dans les Alpes-Maritimes de la souche Reunionnaise d’Arrhenophagus chionaspidis (Hymenoptera, Encrytidae) pour lutter contre la cochenille blanche du mûrier. Bulletin mensuel de la société linnéenne de Lyon 69(6): 121–126.
- Kuhlmann U, Babendreier D, Hoffmeister TS, Mills NJ. (1998) Impact and oviposition behaviour of Ageniaspis fuscicollis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a polyembryonic parasitoid of the apple ermine moth, Yponomeuta malinellus (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 88(6): 617–625. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300054286
- Kuznetsov VN. (1975) The influence of some biotic factors on the number of coccinellids (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in the Primorye, USSR. In : Ivliev LA (Eds) Entomophages of the Soviet Far East. DVNTS AN SSSR, Vladivostok, 143–151. [In Russian; Trudy Biologopochvennogo instituta (new ser.); 27(130)]
- Kuznetsov VN. (1987) Parasites of coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Russian Far East. In: Lehr PA, Storozheva NA (Eds) New data on systematic of insects of the Russian Far East. DVO AN SSSR, Vladivostok, 17–22. [In Russian; Trudy Biologopochvennogo instituta (new ser.); 133(236)]
- LaSalle J, Gauld ID. (1992) Parasitic Hymenoptera and the biodiversity crisis. Redia 74: 315–334.
- Legner EF. (1967) Behavior changes the reproduction of Spalangia cameroni, S. endius, Muscidifurax raptor, and Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at increasing fly host densities. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 60(4): 819–826. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/60.4.819 [DOI] [PubMed]
- Liebregts WJMM, Sands DPA, Bourne AS. (1989) Population studies and biological control of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on passion fruit in Western Samoa. Bulletin of Entomological Research 79(1): 163–171. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300018666
- Luck RF, Podoler H. (1985) Competitive Exclusion of Aphytis lingnanensis by A. melinus: Potential Role of Host Size. Ecology 66: 904–913. https://doi.org/10.2307/1940553
- Luo C, Liu TX. (2011) Fitness of Encarsia sophia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Insect Science 18: 84–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7917.2010.01394.x
- Madl M. (2007) Review of the Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of the Malagasy Subregion. Linzer Biologische Beitraege 39(2): 993–1007.
- Madl M, Ganeshan S. (2008) Notes on the Evaniidae (Hymenoptera) of the Mascarenes. Linzer Biologische Beitraege 40: 827–831.
- Madl M, van Achterberg C. (2014) A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion. Linzer Biologische Beitraege 46(1): 5–220.
- Madl M. (2015) A catalogue of the families Ceraphronidae, Megaspilidae (Ceraphronoidea), Diapriidae (Diaprioidea) and Proctotrupidae (Proctotrupoidea) of the Malagasy subregion (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Linzer Biologische Beitraege 47(1): 621–652.
- Madl M. (2016) A catalogue of the family Platygastridae (Platygastroidea) of the Malagasy subregion. Part I: Subfamilies Platygastrinae and Sceliotrachelinae (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Linzer Biologische Beitraege 48(1): 55–69.
- Maetô K. (1990) Phylogenetic relationships and host associations of the subfamily Meteorinae Cresson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Japanese Journal of Entomology 58(2): 383–396.
- Maignet P, Onillon JC. (1997) Initial data on the biotic potential of Encarsia hispida De Santis (Hymenopt.: Aphelinidae), endoparasitoid of biotype ‘B’ of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and of Trialeurodes vaporariorum West. (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Bulletin. Section Regionale Ouest Palaearctique, Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique 20(4): 121–125.
- Mackauer M, Stary P. (1967) World Aphidiidae. Le Francois, Paris, 195pp.
- Marchiori CH, Pereira LA, Filho OMS. (2002a) Brachymeria podagrica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) as a parasitoid of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae): first report in Brazil. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 54(5): 555–557. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-09352002000500019
- Marchiori CH, Pereira LA, Silva Filho OM, Ribeiro LCS, Borges VR. (2002b) Brachymeria podagrica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) as parasitoids of Sarcodexia lambens (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in Brazil. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 69(4): 121–122.
- Masner L. (1960) A revision of the African species of the genus Leptacis Först. (Hymenoptera-Platygasteridae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 62(1–2): 1–34.
- McDaniel JR, Moran VC. (1972) The parasitoid complex of the citrus psylla Trioza eryteae (Del Guercio) (Homoptera: Psyllidae). Entomophaga 17(3): 297–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02371184
- Miret JAJ, Garcia-Marí F. (2001) Side effects of pesticides on selected natural enemies occurring in citrus in Spain. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, Castelló de la Plana 24(4): 103–112.
- Morgan PB, Berti-Filho EVONEO, Costa VA. (1991) Life history of Spalangia gemina Boucek (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a fast-breeding microhymenopteran pupal parasitoid of muscoid flies. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 5(3): 227–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.1991.tb00553.x [DOI] [PubMed]
- Myartseva SN, Ruíz-Cancino E, Coronado-Blanco JM. (2004) Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Saissetia spp. (Homoptera: Coccidae) in Mexico. Fruits 59(2): 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1051/fruits:2004014
- Notton DG. (2004) A catalogue of types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the National Museum of Natural History, Oaris, with notes on the classification of Diapriinae and a brief history of the types of Jean-Jacques Kieffer (1856–1925). Zoosystema 26(2): 315–352.
- Nunez-Bueno L. (1982) Trybliographa daci Weld (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae): biology and aspects of the relationship with its host Anastrepha suspensa Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). PhD Thesis, University of Florida, Florida.
- Noyes JS. (2013) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/chalcidoids/database
- Noyes JS, Yu DSK. (2012) Taxapad 2012. Chalcidoidea 2001. Ottawa. http://www.taxapad.com
- Okada T. (1989) Parasitoids of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Species and seasonal changes of parasitism in cabbage fields. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 33(1): 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.33.17
- Ooi PAC. (1992) Role of parasitoids in managing diamondback moth in the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Second International Workshop, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Taiwan, 225–262.
- Polaszek A, Evans GA, Bennett FD. (1992) Encarsia parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae, Homoptera: Aleyrodidae): A preliminary guide to identification. Bulletin of Entomological Research 82: 375–392. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300041171
- Prinsloo GL. (1985) Afrotropical Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): new records and notes. Journal of natural history 19(2): 277–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938500770221
- Prinsloo GL. (2010) On some Afrotropical species of Aloencyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): parasitoids of soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae). Zootaxa 2716: 1–28.
- Polaszek A, Hayat M. (1989) The identity of Paulianaphelinus mariscusae Risbec (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Bollettino Del Laboratorio Di Entomologia Agraria Filippo Silvestri 46: 21–24.
- Polaszek A, Evans GA, Bennett FD. (1992) Encarsia parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae, Homoptera: Aleyrodidae): a preliminary guide to identification. Bulletin of Entomological Research 82: 375–92. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300041171
- Polaszek A, LaSalle J. (1995) The hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Eurytomidae) of cereal stem borers (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Pyralidae) in Africa. African Entomology 3(2): 131–146.
- Polaszek A, Abd-Rabou S, Huang J. (1999) The Egyptian species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a preliminary review. Zoologische Mededeelingen, Leiden 73(6): 131–163.
- Pralavorio R, Arambourg Y, Codou D. (1977) Conditions de production et de conservation d’Ageniaspis fuscicollis var. praysincola pour son utilisation en lutte biologique. Entomophaga 22(2): 151–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02377837
- Pujade-Villar J, Paretas-Martinez J, Selfa J, Seco-Fernandez MV, Fülöp D, Melika G. (2007) Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig, 1841) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Charipinae): a complex of species or a single but very variable species? Annales de la Société entomologique de France 43(2): 169–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2007.10697508
- Quilici S, Leclant F, Delvare G, Vercambre B. (1988) Aphids and their natural ennemies of Reunion island: A review and new observations. In: Niemczyk D (Eds) Ecology and effectiveness of Aphidophaga. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, 111–117.
- Quilici S, Vincenot D, Franck A. (2003) Les auxiliaires des cultures fruitières à La Reunion. 18 Editions Réunion, La Réunion, 168 pp.
- Quinlan J. (1986) A key to the Afrotropical genera of Eucoilidae (Hymenoptera), with a revision of certain genera. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology series 52(4): 243–366.
- Rajmohana K. (2006) Studies on Proctotrupoidea and Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera: Insecta) of Kerala. Memoirs of the Zoological Survey of India 21(1): 1–153.
- Ramadan MM, Wong TTY, Herr JC. (1994) Is the oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephridae) a natural host for the opiine parasitoid Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environmental Entomology 23: 761–769. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/23.3.761
- Ramage T, Delvare G, Rousse P. (2011) Unpublished data. Centre International de Recherche pour l’Agronomie et le Développement, La Réunion.
- Rao VP, Nagaraja H. (1969) Sesamia species as pests of sugarcane. In: Williams JR et al. (Eds) Pests of Sugarcane, Elsevier, London, 206–223.
- Raychaudhuri D. (1990) Aphidiids (Hymenoptera) of Northeast India. Indira Publishing House, Michigan, 155 pp.
- Risbec J. (1952) Contribution á l’étude des chalcidoides de Madagascar., JOURBOOK: Mémoires de l’Institut Scientifique de Madagascar (E)2: 1–449.
- Risbec J. (1957) Hyménoptères Proctotrupoidae et Chalcidoides. Mémoires de l’Institut Scientifique de Madagascar (E)8: 321–366.
- Robertson CM, De Villiers EA. (1986) Parasites of avocado pests bite the dust. Information Bulletin No 168, Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute, Nelspruit, 9 pp.
- Rousse P. (2013) Charmon ramagei sp.nov., a new Charmontinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Reunion, with a synopsis of world species. Zootaxa 3626(4): 583–588. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3626.4.12 [DOI] [PubMed]
- Rousse P, Braet Y. (2012) Braconid wasps (Hymenoptera) of Reunion. 1. Euphorinae (including Meteorini): key to species and description of six new species. Zootaxa 3449: 26–46.
- Rousse P, Gupta A. (2013) Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Reunion Island: a catalogue of the local species, including 18 new taxa and a key to species. Zootaxa 3616: 501–547. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3616.6.1 [DOI] [PubMed]
- Rousse P, Villemant C. (2012) Ichneumons in Reunion Island: a catalogue of the local Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) species, including 15 new taxa and a key to species. Zootaxa 3278: 1–57. [DOI] [PubMed]
- Sæthre MG, Godonou I, Hofsvang T, Tepa-Yotto GT, James B. (2011) Aphids and their natural enemies in vegetable agroecosystems in Benin. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 31(1–2): 103–117. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758411000191
- Samin N, Asgari S. (2012) A study on the Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea) of Golestan province, Iran. Calodema 200: 1–5.
- Sankaran T, Mjeni AM. (1985) Recent studies on the mango leaf-gall midge Procontarinia matteiana Kieffer and Cecconi (Dip. Cecidomyiidae) and its parasites in India and on prospects for biological control of the pest in Oman. International Symposium on Mango, Bangalore (India) May 1985, 587–592.
- Saussure H. (1892) Histoire naturelle des Hymenoptères. In: Grandidier A (Eds) Histoire physique naturelle et politique de Madagascar. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 590pp.
- Schauff ME, Evans GA, Heraty JM. (1996) A pictorial guide to the species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitic on whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in North America. Proceeding of the Entomological Society of Washington 98: 1–35.
- Schauff ME, LaSalle J, Wijesekara GA. (1998) The genera of chalcid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Journal of Natural History 32(7): 1001–1056. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939800770521
- Schauff ME, Janzen DH. (2001) Taxonomy and ecology of Costa Rican Euplectrus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), parasitoids of caterpillars. Taxonomía y ecología de los Euplectrus costarricenses (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), parasitoides de larvas de mariposas. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 10(2): 181–230.
- Schuster DJ, Wharton RA. (1993) Hymenopterous parasitoids of leaf-mining Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on tomato in Florida. Environmental Entomology 22: 1188–1191. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/22.5.1188
- Séméria Y. (1976) Un braconide, Chrysopophthorus chrysopimaginis Goidanich (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) parasite des imagos de Chrysopinae (Planipennia, Chrysopidae). Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon 45: 102–106.
- Semeria Y, Quilici S. (1986) Première contribution à l’etude des Chrysopidae (Neuroptera: Planipennia) de l’Ile de la Reunion (Ocean Indien). Neuroptera International 4(2): 107–115.
- Seyrig A. (1952) Les Ichneumonides de Madagascar. IV Ichneumonidae Cryptinae. Mémoires de l’Académie Malgache XIX, 213 pp.
- Simbolotti G, Villemant C, Andrei-Ruiz MC. (2002) Leiophron Nees (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Euphorinae): a debated genus. Provisional key for West Palaearctic species, additional data on related genera and newly collected material from Corsica. Annales de la Société Entomologique Française 38(4): 339–350. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2002.10697348
- Sivinsky J, Vulinec K, Menezes E, Aluja M. (1997) The Bionomics of Coptera Haywardi (Ogloblin) (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) and Other Pupal Parasitoids of Tephritid Fruit Flies (Diptera). Biological Control 11: 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.1997.0597
- Smith SM. (1996) Biological control with Trichogramma: advances, successes, and potential of their use. Annual Review of Entomology 41(1): 375–406. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.002111 [DOI] [PubMed]
- Solomon MG, Jay CN, Innocenzi PJ, Fitzgerald JD, Crook D, Crook AM, Easterbrook MA, Cross JV. (2001) Review: natural enemies and biocontrol of pests of strawberry in northern and central Europe. Biocontrol Science and Technology 11(2): 165–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583150120035639
- Sourakov A, Mitchel E. (2000) A wasp parasitoid, Diadegma insulare (Cresson) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). University of Florida. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/IN/IN28100.pdf
- Srinivasan R, Amalraj DD. (2003) Efficacy of insect parasitoid Dirhinus himalayanus (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) and insect growth regulator, triflumuron against house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Indian Journal of Medical Research 118: 158–66. [PubMed]
- Stary P. (1973) A review of the Aphidius species (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) in Europe. Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae 84: 1–85.
- Stary P. (1977) Nouveaux complements sur les Aphidiides (Hym.) de France et leurs hôtes. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 13: 165–181.
- Stary P, Remaudière R, Etienne J. (1994) Aphid parasitoids (Hym. Braconidae, Aphidiinae) of Reunion Island. Linzer Biologische Beitraege 26: 437–442.
- Stegmaier CE. (1972) Parasitic Hymenoptera bred from the family Agromyzidae (Diptera) with special reference to south Florida. Florida Entomologist 55: 273–282. https://doi.org/10.2307/3493380
- Szépligeti G. (1904) Hymenoptera Fam. Braconidae (Premiere part). Genera Insectorum 22/23: 1–252.
- Talebi AA, Mohammadi Khoramabadi A, Rakhshani E. (2011) Checklist of eulophid wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) of Iran. Check List 7(6): 708–719. https://doi.org/10.15560/11008
- Tandon PL, Srivastava RP. (1980) New records of parasites and predators of important insect pests of mango. Entomon 5(3): 243–244.
- Todorov O. (2009) New records of Aphidiidae (Hymenoptera) from Kenya. Linzer Biologische Beitraege 41(1): 881–884.
- Triapitsyn S, Kim JW. (2008) An Annotated Catalog of the Type Material of Aphytis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in the Entomology Research Museum University of California at Riverside Location. University of California Press, 132pp.
- Triapitsyn VA, Cancino ER, Blanco JMC. (2008) Microterys nietneri (Motschulsky, 1859), parasitoide eficiente de coccidae, especialmente en cítricos. Serie Avispas parasíticas de plagas y otros insectos, 5. Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas.
- Trjapitzin VA. (2011) On speices of the genus Homalotylus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from the Russian far east. Far Eastern Entomologist 231: 1–4.
- Valerio AA, Whitfield JB, Janzen DH. (2009) Review of world Parapanteles Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae), with description of fourteen new Neotropical species and the first description of the final instar larvae. Zootaxa 2084: 1–49.
- van Achterberg C. (1979) A revision of the subfamily Zelinae auct. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 122: 241–479.
- van Achterberg C, Polaszek A. (1996) The parasites of cereal stem borers (Lepidoptera: Cossidae, Crambidae, Noctuidae, Pyralidae) in Africa, belonging to the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen 304: 1–123.
- van Driesche RD, Bellows TS. (1996) Biological Control. Chapman and Hall, New York, 560 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1157-7
- van Noort S, Buffington ML, Forshage M. (2015) Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera). Zookeys 493: 1–176. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed]
- Vayssières JF, Delvare G, Maldès JM, Aberlenc HP. (2001) Inventaire préliminaire des arthropodes ravageurs et auxiliaires des cultures maraichaires sur l’île de La Reunion. Insect Science and its Application 21(1): 1–22.
- Viggiani G. (1987) Le specie Italiane de Encarsia Förster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Bollettino Del Laboratorio Di Entomologia Agraria Filippo Silvestri 44: 121–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670870010011118
- Wakgari W, Giliomee J. (2001) Effects of some conventional insecticides and insect growth regulators on different phenological stages of the white wax scale, Ceroplastes destructor Newstead (Hemiptera: Coccidae), and its primary parasitoid, Aprostocetus ceroplastae (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). International Journal of Pest Management 47(3): 179–184.
- Walker AJ, Greenberg SM, Legaspi B., Jr (1999) The effect of varying Bemisia argentifolii and Eretmocerus mundus ratios on parasitism. BioControl 44(1): 13–28. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009992421012
- Walton VM, Pringle KL. (2005) Developmental biology of vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), and its parasitoid Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). African entomology 13(1): 143–147.
- Watanabe C. (1968) Notes on the genera Cosmophorus and Orgilus in Japan with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Insecta Matsumurana 31(1/2): 1–6.
- Wiebes JT. (1975) Fig insects from Aldabra (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Entomologiske Meddelelser 49(16): 225–236.
- Wiebes JT. (1981) The fig insects of La Réunion (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.) 17: 543–570.
- Wharton RA, Gilstrap FE. (1983) Key to and status of opiine Braconid (Hymenoptera) parasitoids used in biological control of Ceratitis capitata and Dacus s.l. (Diptera: Tephritidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 76: 721–742. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/76.4.721
- Zchori-Fein E, Gottlieb Y, Coll M. (2000) Wolbachia Density and Host Fitness Components in Muscidifurax uniraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 75(4): 267–272. https://doi.org/10.1006/jipa.2000.4927 [DOI] [PubMed]
- Zeng J, He JH, Chen XX. (2011) The genus Diolcogaster Ashmead, 1900 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from China. ZooKeys 129: 49–87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.129.1201 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed]
- Zitani NM, Shaw SR, Jansen DH. (1997) Description and biology of a new species of Meteorus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Meteorinae) from Costa Rica, parasitizing larvae of Papilio and Parides (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Journal of Hymenopteran Research 6: 178–185.
- Zwart KWR. (1998) Ichneumonidae. In: Polaszek A (Eds) African Cereal Stem Borers: Economic Importance, Taxonomy, Natural Enemies and Control. CAB International, New York, 205–258.