Catalog of the Neotropical Trichoptera (Caddisflies)

Abstract Abstract

The Neotropical caddisfly (Trichoptera) fauna is cataloged from a review of over 1,000 literature citations through 2015 (partial 2016) to include 3,262 currently recognized, valid species-group names in 25 families and 155 extant genera. Fourteen subspecies are included in the total as well as 35 fossil species and 1 fossil genus. The region covered includes all of Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America. Genus-group and species-group synonyms are listed. For each nominal species, information on the type locality, type depository, sex of type, distribution by country, and other pertinent taxonomic or biological information is included. Summary information on taxonomy, phylogeny, distribution, immature stages, and biology are provided for each family and genus where known. An extensive index to all nominal taxa is included to facilitate use of the catalog. The glossosomatid species Mexitrichia usseglioi Rueda Martín & Gibon, is transferred to Mortoniella comb. n.

Introduction

Trichoptera are an order of holometabolous insects that have aquatic egg, larval, and pupal stages. These immature stages are ubiquitous in the world’s freshwaters, but are especially diverse in rivers and streams. In the Neotropics, larvae can be found in small trickles and seeps in the high Andean páramo, down to the very large, slowly flowing, lowland rivers, and all kinds of rivers and streams between these extremes. It is in intermediate sized, forested, mountain streams where the fauna seems to reach its greatest diversity. Intermittent streams also support a trichopterous fauna, with a few species especially adapted to seasonal drying. A very few species can be found in waters of thermal origin or with water chemistry that has been affected by volcanic activity. In addition to lotic species, those that frequent standing waters also occur, but this lentic fauna is not as diverse as that of northern, Holarctic lakes and ponds. However, floodplain lakes and pools, swamps and marshes in lowland areas, and mountain lakes all harbor species. There are also species that frequent the spray and splash zones of waterfalls and similar torrential situations as well as hygropetric habitats. These species often occur above the waterline, where a few venture quite far from the aquatic habitat. Only a single species has been reported from a container habitat (bromeliad tanks) and none of the Neotropical species is known from the marine littoral, unlike some Australian and New Zealand species. Recent reviews of Trichoptera diversity, biology, and natural history include those of Wiggins (2004) and Holzenthal et. al (2007, 2015).

Trichoptera larvae are important participants in energy flow and nutrient dynamics in the aquatic environment. They display a wide diversity of trophic adaptations, being surpassed only by aquatic Diptera in the type of food eaten and the manner in which it is obtained. Similarly, the larvae exploit a wide variety of aquatic microhabitats. This trophic and habitat diversity has been attributed to the larvae’s ability to use silk to construct capture nets, retreats, cases, and pupal shelters. In fact, the order has been divided into taxonomic units based on the differences in the way silk is used, whether to spin nets or tubes, or as mortar to make portable cases. The case makers use sand and small mineral fragments, pieces of leaves or other vegetable material, or silk alone to construct cases. Other larvae are “free-living,” but nevertheless lay down a strand of silk as they move across the substrate. Not only do larvae exhibit great diversity in their biology, they also respond to pollution in various manners, most being intolerant to most forms of pollution. As such, they have been used extensively as biological indicators of water quality, especially in temperate regions, where a large field of study has developed around this application. However, in the Neotropics, where larval taxonomy is poorly known, progress in this area has been hampered.

Like most holometabolous larvae, Trichoptera have well-developed mandibulate mouthparts, although the maxillae and labium are closely associated and the latter is modified to spin silk. The thoracic legs are well developed, but the abdomen lacks prolegs, except for a pair of terminal anal prolegs, each bearing a strong anal claw. Highly branched or single filament abdominal gills may be present. The exarate pupae are also aquatic and have dectitious mandibles, at least in the Neotropical families.

Trichoptera adults are less familiar to the aquatic ecologist or taxonomic non-specialist. Adults are small, generally drab colored, and usually begin to fly after the sun sets, when they are attracted to artificial lights, often in great numbers. However, it is this life history stage that is of paramount taxonomic importance because the species level taxonomy of the order is based mainly on structures of the adult male genitalia. Females and larvae must be positively associated with the adult males before their identities can be established. In contrast to that of larvae, the ecology and behavior of adult Trichoptera are poorly known. They, too, are certainly important components of the aquatic and riparian environments, where they serve as food for fish, birds, bats, lizards, frogs, and other vertebrates, as well as spiders and other invertebrates. Adult female flight behavior, especially upstream flight prior to oviposition, is an important compensation for downstream larval drift. The adults have specialized, lapping type mouthparts and most probably imbibe liquids, including nectar. Adult Trichoptera certainly depend on the riparian habitat for mating and oviposition sites, shelter, food, etc. and therefore may be good indicators of riparian health and integrity, and thus that of the entire watershed as shown by Houghton (2006) and Houghton et al. (2011).

Adult Trichoptera have greatly modified mouthparts. Although most species have reduced mandibles and maxillae, almost all possess well-developed maxillary and labial palps. The compound eyes are well developed, and the head may or may not bear ocelli. Antennae are long and filiform in most species. The head and thorax bear characteristic “setal warts.” Two pairs of wings are present with the forewings longer, but often narrower than the hind wings. Both pairs of wings, as well as the body and other appendages, are covered with setae, or hairs, and occasionally scales. The hairs and scales are usually plainly colored, but the Neotropical fauna contains species with brightly colored or intricate patterns of setae, especially on the forewings. Tibial spurs on the legs are conspicuous.

The world fauna contains about 15,000 described species, but it has been estimated that as many as 50,000 species may occur. In this catalog we record 3,262 valid names of extant species-group taxa from the Neotropics, including 14 extant subspecies. One species is listed as Trichoptera, incertae sedis. This represents 1,050 more species-group taxa than included in the catalog published by Flint et al. (1999b). In addition, we list 35 fossil species, these from Dominican and Mexican amber (the identity of two additional fossil species is discussed below). These species and subspecies are distributed among 155 extant genera, 1 fossil genus (†Palaehydropsyche), and 25 families (Table 1).

Table 1.

Number of extant and fossil species and genera of Neotropical Trichoptera, by family.

Family	No. Species		No. Genera
	Extant	Fossil	Extant	Fossil
Anomalopsychidae	28	–	2	–
Atriplectididae	2	–	1	–
Calamoceratidae	74	1	2	–
Ecnomidae	44	–	2	–
Glossosomatidae	266	5	11	–
Helicophidae	16	–	5	–
Helicopsychidae	121	3	1	–
Hydrobiosidae	183	1	22	–
Hydropsychidae	476	4	15	1
Hydroptilidae	946	7	36	–
Kokiriidae	2	–	1	–
Lepidostomatidae	28	–	1	–
Leptoceridae	224	2	16	–
Limnephilidae	51	–	10	–
Odontoceridae	45	–	3	–
Philopotamidae	377	6	5	–
Philorheithridae	6	–	2	–
Polycentropodidae	283	1	5	–
Pseudoneureclipsidae	4	4	1	–
Psychomyiidae	2	–	1	–
Rhyacophilidae	1	–	1	–
Sericostomatidae	20	–	6	–
Stenopsychidae	3	–	1	–
Tasimiidae	2	–	2	–
Xiphocentronidae	58	1	3	–
TOTAL	3262	35	155	1

Biogeography

The Neotropical fauna is divided into two distinct faunal elements – the Chilean and Brazilian, equivalent to the Neotropical and Patagonian of de Moor and Ivanov (2008). The Chilean fauna is distinct, highly endemic, and very closely related to the faunas of Australia and New Zealand. It occurs in southern Chile and adjacent Argentina, from about the level of the Río Negro south. It shares almost nothing in common with the Brazilian fauna. The Brazilian fauna occurs in southern Mexico, Central America, the Antilles, and all of tropical and subtropical South America, exclusive of the Chilean region. There is broad overlap of the Neotropical and Nearctic faunas from the southwestern states of the United States through Mexico and Central America to Panama and Costa Rica. The fauna of the Greater Antilles is highly endemic, that of the Lesser Antilles much less so. Areas with an apparent great concentration of endemic species and high species richness include the northern Andes, the Amazon basin, and the mountains of southern and southeastern Brazil.

Taxonomic history of the fauna

The first descriptions of Neotropical Trichoptera occurred in the 1830s in the works of Perty (1830-1834) (Phryganea maculata = Macrostemum maculatum), Pictet (1836) (Macronema lineatum; Hydropsyche hyalina = Macrostemum hyalinum), and Burmeister (1839) (Barypenthus concolor; Barypenthus rufipes; Chimarrha morio = Chimarra morio; Mystacides albicornis = Marilia albicornis; Mystacides gracilis = Triplectides gracilis; Mystacides princeps = Triplectides gracilis; Macronema speciosum = Leptonema speciosum). Ulmer (1913), who listed 162 names, produced the first checklist of the region. Since then, from about the end of the 19th century until the first third of the 20th century, numerous other early workers, principally among them Banks, Brauer, Hagen, McLachlan, Müller, Navás, and Ulmer, described and recorded numerous genera and species from the region. However, many of these early works, especially those of Navás, suffer from inadequate descriptions and illustrations, those of Ulmer and Müller being exceptions. Fortunately, many of the early species have been redescribed and lectotypes designated, especially in the works of Betten and Mosely (1940), Flint (1966a, 1967c), Kimmins (1957), Kimmins and Denning (1951), Ross (1938a, 1952), Schmid (1949a), Tomaszewski (1961), and Weidner (1964).

M.E. Mosely was among the first of the “modern” workers to produce several important works and revisions on the fauna (e.g., Mosely 1933, 1936, 1937, 1939a, 1954). H.H. Ross and D.G. Denning, primarily workers on the North American fauna, produced several important works covering the Neotropical fauna (e.g., Denning 1947a, 1962b, 1964; Ross 1956b, 1959; Ross and King 1952). Beginning in the 1950s, F. Schmid produced a series of works, principally on the Chilean fauna (Schmid 1955a, 1957, 1958b, 1959, 1964), and subsequently published several important revisions covering the Neotropical fauna (e.g., Schmid 1982, 1989). Since about the early 1960s O.S. Flint, Jr., has produced a large body of work on the entire Neotropical fauna, which includes major contributions to the taxonomy of most families and genera. Finally, L. Botosaneanu made significant contributions to our knowledge of the fauna of the Antilles.

Notable recent workers include E.B. Angrisano, W. Bravo, P. Rueda Martín, and J. Sganga on the fauna of Argentina and Uruguay, J. Oláh on Hydropsychidae and Hydroptilidae, R.J. Blahnik and D.R. Robertson on the Philopotamidae and Glossosomatidae, respectively, J. Bueno-Soria, S. Santiago-Fragoso, and R. Barba-Álvarez on the fauna of Mexico, S.C. Harris, R.E. Thomson, and A.P.M. Santos on Hydroptilidae, A. Prather on Calamoceratidae, K.A. Johanson on Helicopsychidae, F. Muñoz-Quesada on Wormaldia and other taxa, R.W. Holzenthal on Trichoptera across the region, many active Brazilian workers and their students (A.R. Calor, A.M.O. Pes, L.L. Dumas, D.M. Takiya, A.P.M. Santos, H. Paprocki, J.L. Nessimian, and others), and W. Wichard on fossil taxa.

Other checklists, catalogs, and bibliographies

In preparing this catalog several published (or electronic) checklists, catalogs, and bibliographies of the regional and world Trichoptera faunas were consulted. In all cases, the accuracy of the names, citations, or listings in these works were checked and corrected as necessary before inclusion in the present catalog. However, as these former works may be useful to the user of this catalog in further research on the Neotropical fauna or other regional faunas, these works are listed and discussed below, beginning with those covering the world fauna.

The world catalog, Trichopterorum Catalogus, Volumes I–XV + Index, 1960–1973b, by F.C.J. Fischer is an indispensable and first source of taxonomic and associated literature pertaining to Trichoptera. The catalog and its supplements cover all literature from 1758 to the end of 1960. As a planned continuation to Fischer’s catalog, A.P. Nimmo published the first volume of Bibliographica Trichopterorum (Nimmo 1996) covering the literature from 1961 through 1970. This valuable work includes full literature citations by first author, an index of key words, including species-group and genus-group names, a list of expanded journal titles, and an alphabetical list of secondary authors. In addition, Nimmo compiled an annual bibliography of Trichoptera literature in the series Current and Selected Bibliographies on Benthic Biology published by the North American Benthological Society, now the Society for Freshwater Science. A similar bibliography is published in Braueria, formerly Trichoptera Newsletter, by H. Malicky, Lunz am Zee, Austria. The searchable World Trichoptera Checklist is available over the World Wide Web [www.clemson.edu/cafls/departments/esps/database/trichopt/]. Morse (1997b) discussed the format of this checklist. Three other important sources of information with application to the Neotropical fauna are the checklists of Poole (1996), Morse (1993), and Rasmussen and Morse (2014) on the Nearctic fauna, the latter ones also covering Mexico fully or in part. Zoological Record and other electronic abstracting services (e.g., Web of Science) are of paramount importance in accessing the taxonomic literature. The Trichoptera Literature Database [www.trichopteralit.umn.edu] is also useful, especially for searching the literature, for obtaining uniformly formatted titles and journal names, and for downloading copies of the older literature, including the entire Trichopterorum Catalogus.

Regional bibliographies of a general nature include those of Flint (1977, 1981d) and Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso (1982) published in the Aquatic Biota series edited by S.H. Hurlbert and others. These works summarize the state of taxonomic knowledge and distribution of the Trichoptera fauna of the respective regions and list all pertinent literature until about the late 1970s and early 1980s. More regionally restricted catalogs, checklists, and faunal works are listed next by country or region:

Argentina (Angrisano and Sganga 2007, Angrisano 1995c, Brand 2009, Flint, 1982c, Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín 2014, Mangeaud 1996, Manzo et al., 2014, Muzón et al., 2005); Brazil (Almeida and Marinoni 2000, Barcelos-Silva et al. 2012, Blahnik et al. 2004, Calor 2011, Costa et al. 2014, Dumas and Nessimian 2012, Dumas et al., 2009, Dumas et al., 2010, Flint 1992d, Marinoni and Almeida 2000, Moretto and Bispo 2015, Nogueira and Cabette 2011, Oliveira and Froehlich 1997, Paprocki and França 2014, Paprocki et al. 2004, Quinteiro et al. 2014, Speis and Forehlich 2009, Souza et al., 2013a); Caribbean Islands (Botosaneanu 2002); Chile (Flint 1974e, Rojas 2006, Schmid 1952); Colombia (Flint 1991, Medellín et al., 2004, Muñoz-Quesada 2000, Rincón-Hernández 1999); Costa Rica (Holzenthal 1988c, Muñoz-Quesada 1999, Springer 2010); Cuba (Botosaneanu 1977, 1979, 1980, Flint 1996c, González Lazo et al. 2005, Kumanski 1987, López del Castillo et al., 2004, 2007, Naranjo López and González Lazo 2005); Curaçao (Flint 1992a); Dominican Republic (Botosaneanu 1995, 1996, Flint and Sykora 2004, Wichard 1987, 2007a, b); Grenada (Flint and Sykora 1993); Guadaloupe (Botosaneanu 1994a, 2000); Haiti (Botosaneanu 1991a); Hispaniola (Flint and Pérez-Gelabert 1999, Pérez-Gelabert 2008); Jamaica (Botosaneanu and Hyslop 1998, 1999, Botosaneanu and Thomas 2004, Flint 1968a, Malicky 1999); Lesser Antilles (Flint 1968b, Malicky 1983); Martinique (Botosaneanu and Thomas 2005, Botosaneanu 1988, 1989a); Mexico (Banks 1901, Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez 2011, Bueno-Soria and Flint 1978, Bueno-Soria et al. 2005, 2007, Denning 1964, Flint 1967d, Rojas-Ascencio et al. 2002, Ross 1951a [the checklist of Arizona species by Blinn and Ruiter (2005) may contain species that will eventually be discovered in adjacent Mexico]); Nicaragua (Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007, Maes 1999, Maes and Flint 1988); North America (Morse 1993, Poole 1996, Rasmussen and Morse 2014); Panama (Aguila 1992, Armitage et al., 2015a, 2015b, Armitage and Cornejo 2015); Peru (Flint and Reyes 1991, Flint 1996b); Puerto Rico (Flint 1964a); Suriname (Flint 1974c); Trinidad and Tobago (Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo 1993, Botosaneanu and Sakal 1992, Flint 1996a); Uruguay (Angrisano 1994, 1995b, 1997b); Venezuela (including Isla Margarita) (Botosaneanu and Viloria 2002, Botosaneanu 1989b, Flint 1981a).

In addition, several works have been published containing keys for identifying families and genera of the Neotropical fauna. Angrisano (1995d) produced a key to all the families and genera of caddisflies known from South America. Flint provided keys to adults of the Neotropical families (1991) and families and genera (1996b), but the latter does not include all genera from the region covered by this catalog, and excludes genera from the Chilean Subregion. Other important keys to regional faunas include those of Angrisano and Korob (2001), Angrisano and Sganga (2007), Huamantinco and Ortiz (2010), Pes et al. (2005, 2014), Posada-García and Roldán-Pérez (2003), Roldán-Pérez (1988), Ruiter (2000), Springer (2006), and Springer et al. (2010a, b). Finally, Wiggins (1996), Wiggins and Currie (2008), and Morse and Holzenthal (2008) provided various keys for North American families and genera of adults, pupae, and larvae. These works will adequately serve those studying the fauna of much of Mexico, and, to a lesser degree, Central America, but they should be used with caution in those regions south of the United States.

Purpose of the catalog

The Neotropical Trichoptera fauna is diverse, second only in numbers of species to that of the Oriental fauna (Morse 1997b, 2011). However, despite recent advances in our knowledge of the fauna of Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, and Venezuela, for example, and building on investigations since the early 1960s, the fauna is still underexplored and poorly known. New collections or examinations of museum material, especially from unexplored regions (Chamorro and Holzenthal 2010), but even from well-explored areas (Flint 1996a) always yield many new species. Epansive regions, especially in South America have hardly been explored for caddisfly diversity (e.g., Amazon basin, Guyana shield, northern Andes). The likelihood that the Neotropical fauna is substantially more diverse than presently known is very high, even with the addition of over 1,000 new species described since 1999, when the fauna was most recently cataloged (Flint et al., 1999b).

A catalog is a list of nominal species and associated taxonomic and nomenclatural references arranged in a logical, easily accessible format. Catalogs are important tools to anyone requiring knowledge of currently accepted names, including synonyms and distributional data. Because the binomen is usually the starting point of the information storage and retrieval system afforded by the Linnean hierachy, an accurate list of currently accepted species names is essential for anyone needing information about a species, be it for basic or applied research. By accumulating and organizing all the previously published Neotropical Trichoptera taxonomic information into a single, easily accessed source, we hope to facilitate and stimulate further exploration and research on the fauna. Furthermore, we hope that this catalog benefits research beyond Trichoptera systematics, such as ecology, behavior, conservation, and the application of Trichoptera as biological indicators of water quality.

The need for a comprehensive catalog for the Neotropical Trichoptera grew from discussions between Flint and Holzenthal in 1993. These discussions and effort resulted in the 1999 publication by the Ohio Biological Survey of the Catalog of the Neotropical Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) by Flint, Holzenthal and Harris. The need for an update of the “Catalog” emerged from discussions between Holzenthal and Calor in 2015, some 15 years after the publication by Flint et al., (1999b). It was also agreed that a new catalog should be published in an “open access” format so that it could be readily available for free download from the Internet. Work on a new catalog began immediately and the result is presented here.

Definition of the region covered

The current catalog lists names of all species described or recorded from south of the United States, to include all of Mexico, Central and South America, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and all of the off-shore islands pertaining politically to the countries of the region (although the latter contain very few Trichoptera or have not been surveyed). We realize that this region extends northward beyond the traditional northern boundary of the Neotropical Region to include northern, Nearctic Mexico. However, with regard to Trichoptera, the traditional demarcation between the Neotropical and Nearctic regions, the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, does not apply. There is broad overlap and interdigitation of the Trichoptera faunas of the two regions from at least the southwestern states of the United States through Mexico and Central America until the mountains of eastern Costa Rica and western Panama. Although the region covered by this catalog is artificial with regard to biogeography, it has allowed us to be more objective as to which species to include in the catalog.

Fossil species

Few fossil species of caddisflies have been discovered in the Neotropical Realm. A single species of the fossil family Necrotaulidae has been described from the Rhaetic (upper Triassic) of western Argentina. The larval cases of a Brazilian Tertiary caddis, provisionally placed in the Limnephilidae, has also been described. Otherwise a number of caddisflies have been described in recent years from Dominican and now Mexican amber (Johanson and Wichard 1996, Lewis 1989, Wells and Wichard 1989, Wichard 1981, 1983a, 1983b, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1995a, 1995b, 2000, 2007a, b, Wichard et al., 2006). The first two fossils will only be mentioned here, but the amber fossils are treated in their proper systematic position in the catalog.

Wieland (1925) described Necrotaulius affinis as the type of his new genus Tipulitides placed in the Diptera, Tipulidae. In 1926 he, with the help of Tillyard, who also examined the fossil, transferred the species to Necrotaulius and presented a more accurate figure of its wing venation. It is still the only member of the family known from the New World.

Martins-Neto (1989) described a caddisfly case from the Oligocene of São Paulo state in Brazil. The species, Indusia suguioi, was placed in the form genus Indusia, and suggested that it was a member of the Limnephilidae. The photo of the fossil is too vague to either support or refute this placement.

Format of the catalog

The catalog is organized alphabetically by family, genus, and species. For each family introductory information, including literature citations, of a general nature is given concerning distribution, diversity, taxonomy, biology, habitat, and knowledge of immature stages, if available. Valid generic names are next presented in boldface type, centered on the page, and followed by the author and, in square brackets, the number of currently recognized valid species-group taxa in the region, followed by the number of fossil species. A generic synonymy follows. The currently recognized, valid genus name is followed by its author, date and bibliographic citation of publication, and page number on which the name was formally established. Following this, in square brackets, the type species in its original combination with author and date is presented, along with any synonyms of the type species name, the manner in which the type species was established (e.g., original designation, monotypy, subsequent selection, etc.), and the family in which it was originally described if different from the current family. Other citations containing other important nomenclatural acts, generic revisions, or larval descriptions are next included with annotations contained in square brackets. Generic synonyms follow, in chronological order (oldest names first), and are presented in the same format and with the same information as presented for the valid genus name, with the addition of the citation where the generic synonymy was established. Subgeneric names are presented as generic synonyms and with the same information, but the subgeneric status is so indicated and the citation included. Following the generic synonymy, introductory information on the genus, similar to that presented for the family, is given.

All currently recognized, valid species and subspecies names (specific epithets only), in their current orthography, are then listed in alphabetical order and in boldface type. Fossil species (and genera) are preceded by the symbol †. In cases where subgenera are used, the subgenus name follows the specific epithet, in parentheses. Each species name is followed by its author, date and bibliographic citation of publication, and page number on which the name was formally established. Following, in square brackets, the type locality is presented, as annotated by us for clarity, but otherwise given as indicated in the original publication, except the country of origin is always listed first. The type depository is then given if known, and so indicated if unknown, according to the institution codes presented below. Sex of the type is presented next, if known, and so indicated if not known. Sex of type is followed (separated by a semicolon) by the sex or stage of any other specimens illustrated and described with the type specimen (these also separated by semicolons). Finally, still in square brackets and separated by a semicolon, the genus of the original combination, or the original orthography of the specific epithet if different from present orthography, is presented. In addition, citations for any significant publications containing redescriptions, lectotype or neotype designations or other nomenclatural acts, systematic revisions, larval descriptions, or new distribution records follow their appropriate species’ entries. Synonyms are indicated in italics, preceded by an em dash (—), and listed in chronological order (if more than one) and in their present orthography under the valid species entry. All species-group synonyms are included in the catalog. Information presented for synonyms is the same as presented for the senior name (date and bibliographic citation of the synonymy, sex of type, type depository, genus of original combination or original orthography), but also includes the date and bibliographic reference where the synonymy was established. Lastly, for each species entry the distribution by country, based on published records, is presented.

In addition to original citations and important taxonomic or nomenclatural works, all of the recent and important literature published after 1960 is included in the catalog. However, the extensive bibliographies presented by Fischer (1960-1973a) for the literature prior to 1961 are NOT repeated in this catalog if not of primary importance. The reader is referred to Fischer’s catalog for this additional literature; again, Fischer’s catalog is available from the Trichoptera Literature Database (see above). Furthermore, genus-group synonyms are included only if those synonyms pertain to type species described from the region covered by the catalog. Other sources (Fischer 1960-1973a, Poole 1996, Morse 1993, Trichoptera World Checklist) should be consulted for a complete list of genus-group synonyms.

All literature cited in the introduction and catalog itself is listed in the References section. The complete title of the journal, book, or other bibliographic source is given to assist the user in obtaining literature. In all cases, the original citation was consulted by the authors in compiling the catalog to ensure accuracy of information or to check date of issue.

The catalog includes all literature known to us up to the end of 2015, as well as several important works published in 2016 and any other literature published after 2015 that has come to our attention. The user is cautioned, however, that we make no claims to have included all the literature published in 2015, and certainly not 2016, but we have done our best to do so. Some literature is not abstracted in Zoological Record or Web of Science until several years after its date of publication and thus may have been missed. Again, the user should check the appropriate bibliographic sources to ensure complete coverage and overlap by several years the bibliography in this catalog when searching the literature in the future.

The catalog ends with an Index that lists all names presented in the catalog and the primary page number where the name occurs. Format of names in the index generally follows that presented in the catalog: valid species and subspecies epithets are presented in bold italics, followed by the current genus in italics; synonyms of species or subspecies names are presented in italics, followed by the current genus in italics. The original orthography of species names, including synonyms, is also indexed, but referred to the species in its current combination and orthography. For subspecies names, the trinomen is also indexed, but referred to the name in combination with the nominotypical name. Homonyms are also indexed, but with the author of the name and date of publication included. Valid genus names are presented in bold, followed by the family in square brackets. Generic synonyms are presented in italics, except that currently recognized subgeneric names are presented in bold italics, both followed by the family in square brackets. Fossil species are followed by the symbol †.

Trichoptera classification

Since the publication of Flint et al., (1999b), much research has been done on Trichoptera phylogeny and classification, including analyses using molecular data (e.g., Kjer et al., 2001, Holzenthal et al., 2007a, Malm et al., 2013) corroborating or refuting earlier hypotheses (e.g., Ross 1967, Weaver 1984, Weaver and Morse 1986, Wiggins and Wichard 1989, Frania and Wiggins 1997, Ivanov 1997 among others; see Morse 1997a for a review). We have chosen to present taxonomic names in our catalog in alphabetical order for ease of use only. Suborder and family concepts in this catalog follow the classification presented by Holzenthal et al. (2011) as presented below (with genera and subgenera listed in alphabetical order). Only subgenera with representation in the region covered by this catalog are included. Publications containing hypotheses on relationships within families are presented, where known, under the family treatments. The Trichoptera World Checklist can be consulted for additional details on classification below the family.

Order TrichopteraKirby, 1813

Suborder AnnulipalpiaMartynov, 1924

Superfamily PhilopotamoideaStephens, 1829

Family PhilopotamidaeStephens, 1829

AlterosaBlahnik, 2005

ChimarraStephens, 1829

ChimarraStephens, 1829

ChimarritaBlahnik, 1997

CurgiaWalker, 1860

OtarrhaBlahnik, 2002

ChimarrhodellaLestage, 1925

Sortosa Navás, 1918

WormaldiaMcLachlan, 1865

Family StenopsychidaeMartynov, 1924

PseudostenopsycheDöhler, 1915

Superfamily PsychomyioideaWalker, 1852

Family EcnomidaeUlmer, 1903

Austrotinodes Schmid, 1955

Chilocentropus Navás, 1934

Family PolycentropodidaeUlmer, 1903

Cernotina Ross, 1938

Cyrnellus Banks, 1913

NyctiophylaxBrauer, 1865

PolycentropusCurtis, 1835

Polyplectropus Ulmer, 1905

Family PseudoneureclipsidaeUlmer, 1913

AntillopsycheBanks, 1941

Family PsychomyiidaeWalker, 1852

TinodesCurtis, 1834

Family Xiphocentronidae Ross, 1949

CnodocentronSchmid, 1982

CaenocentronSchmid, 1982

MachairocentronSchmid, 1982

XiphocentronBrauer, 1870

AntillotrichiaBanks, 1941

GlyphocentronSchmid, 1982

RhamphocentronSchmid, 1982

SphagocentronSchmid, 1982

XiphocentronBrauer, 1870

Superfamily HydropsychoideaCurtis, 1835

Family HydropsychidaeCurtis, 1835

BlepharopusKolenati, 1859

CalosopsycheRoss and Unzicker, 1977

Centromacronema Ulmer, 1905

CheumatopsycheWallengren, 1891

Diplectrona Westwood, 1839

HydropsychePictet, 1834

CeratopsycheRoss and Unzicker, 1977

HydropsychePictet, 1834

LeptonemaGuérin-Méneville, 1843

MacronemaPictet, 1836

MacrostemumKolenati, 1859

† PalaehydropsycheWichard, 1986

PlectromacronemaUlmer, 1906

PlectropsycheRoss, 1947

Pseudomacronema Ulmer, 1905

SmicrideaMcLachlan, 1871

Rhyacophylax Müller, 1879

SmicrideaMcLachlan, 1871

StreptospycheRoss and Unzicker, 1977

Synoestropsis Ulmer, 1905

Suborder IntegripalpiaMartynov, 1924

Superfamily GlossosomatoideaWallengren, 1891

Family GlossosomatidaeWallengren, 1891

Canoptila Mosely, 1939

Cariboptila Flint, 1964

CuloptilaMosely, 1954

GlossosomaCurtis, 1834

ItauaraMüller, 1888

Mastigoptila Flint, 1967

MerionoptilaSchmid, 1959

MortoniellaUlmer, 1906

Protoptila Banks, 1904

Scotiotrichia Mosely, 1934

TolhuacaSchmid, 1964

Superfamily Hydroptiloidea Stephens, 1836

Family Hydroptilidae Stephens, 1836

Acostatrichia Mosely, 1939

Alisotrichia Flint, 1964

AnchitrichiaFlint, 1970

AngrisanoiaÖzdikmen, 2008

Ascotrichia Flint, 1983

Betrichia Mosely, 1939

Bredinia Flint, 1968

Byrsopteryx Flint, 1981

Celaenotrichia Mosely, 1934

Cerasmatrichia Flint, Harris and Botosaneanu, 1994

Ceratotrichia Flint, 1992

CostatrichiaMosely, 1937

Dicaminus Müller, 1879

Flintiella Angrisano, 1995

HydroptilaDalman, 1819

IthytrichiaEaton, 1873

KumanskiellaHarris and Flint, 1992

Leucotrichia Mosely, 1934

MayatrichiaMosely, 1937

MejicanotrichiaHarris and Holzenthal, 1997

Metrichia Ross, 1938

NeotrichiaMorton, 1905

Nothotrichia Flint, 1967

Ochrotrichia Mosely, 1934

Orinocotrichia Harris, Flint and Holzenthal, 2002

OrthotrichiaEaton, 1873

OxyethiraEaton, 1873

ArgyrobothrusBarnard, 1934

DactylotrichiaKelley, 1984

DampfitrichiaMosely, 1937

KelleyellaÖzdikmen, 2007

LoxotrichiaMosely, 1937

Oxytrichia Mosely, 1939

TanytrichiaKelley, 1984

Peltopsyche Müller, 1879

RagatrichiaOláh and Johanson, 2011

Rhyacopsyche Müller, 1879

ScelobotrichiaHarris and Bueno-Soria, 1993

TaraxitrichiaFlint and Harris, 1991

Tizatetrichia Harris, Flint and Holzenthal, 2002

Tricholeiochiton Kloets and Hinks, 1944

Tupiniquintrichia Santos, Nessimian and Takiya, 2016

ZumatrichiaMosely, 1937

Superfamily Rhyacophiloidea Stephens, 1836

Family Hydrobiosidae Ulmer, 1905

AmphichoremaSchmid, 1989

AndrochoremaFlint, 1979

Apatanodes Navás, 1934

AtopsycheBanks, 1905

AtopsauraRoss, 1953

AtopsycheBanks, 1905

Dolochorema Banks, 1913

Australobiosis Schmid, 1958

CaillomaRoss and King, 1951

Clavichorema Schmid, 1955

HeterochoremaSchmid, 1989

IguazuRoss and King, 1951

IsochoremaSchmid, 1989

MetachoremaSchmid, 1957

Microchorema Schmid, 1955

Neoatopsyche Schmid, 1955

NeochoremaSchmid, 1957

Neopsilochorema Schmid, 1955

Nolganema Navás, 1934

ParachoremaSchmid, 1957

Pomphochorema Flint, 1969

Pseudoradema Schmid, 1955

Rheochorema Schmid, 1955

SchajovskoyaFlint, 1979

Stenochorema Schmid, 1955

Family Rhyacophilidae Stephens, 1836

RhyacophilaPictet, 1834

Infraorder BrevitentoriaWeaver, 1984

Superfamily LeptoceroideaLeach, 1815

Family AtriplectididaeNeboiss, 1977

NeoatriplectidesHolzenthal, 1997

Family Calamoceratidae Ulmer, 1905

Banyallarga Navás, 1916

Banyallarga Navás, 1916

HistricoverpaPrather, 2004

Phylloicus Müller, 1880

Family LeptoceridaeLeach, 1815

AchoropsycheHolzenthal, 1984

AmazonatolicaHolzenthal and Pes, 2004

AmphoropsycheHolzenthal, 1985

Atanatolica Mosely, 1936

Brachysetodes Schmid, 1955

Grumichella Müller, 1879

Hudsonema Mosely, 1936

MystacidesBerthold, 1827

Nectopsyche Müller, 1879

NeoathripsodesHolzenthal, 1989

Notalina Mosely, 1936

Neonotalina Holzenthal, 1986

OecetisMcLachlan, 1877

OsflintiaCalor and Holzenthal, 2008

SetodesRambur, 1842

TriaenodesMcLachlan, 1865

TriplectidesKolenati, 1859

Family OdontoceridaeWallengren, 1891

Anastomoneura Huamantinco and Nessimian, 2004

BarypenthusBurmeister, 1839

Marilia Müller, 1880

Family Philorheithridae Mosely, 1936

Mystacopsyche Schmid, 1955

Psilopsyche Ulmer, 1907

Superfamily Sericostomatoidea Stephens, 1836

Family Anomalopsychidae Flint, 1981

Anomalopsyche Flint, 1967

Contulma Flint, 1969

Family Helicophidae Mosely, 1953

AlloecentrellodesFlint, 1979

AustrocentrusSchmid, 1964

Eosericostoma Schmid, 1955

Microthremma Schmid, 1955

PseudosericostomaSchmid, 1957

Family HelicopsychidaeUlmer, 1906

HelicopsycheSiebold, 1856

CochliopscheMüller, 1885

FeropsycheJohanson, 1998

Family Sericostomatidae Stephens, 1836

Chiloecia Navás, 1930

Grumicha Müller, 1879

GumagaTsuda, 1938

Myotrichia Schmid, 1955

Notidobiella Schmid, 1955

ParasericostomaSchmid, 1957

Superfamily TasimioideaRiek, 1968

Family TasimiidaeRiek, 1968

Charadropsyche Flint, 1969

Trichovespula Schmid, 1955

Infraorder PlenitentoriaWeaver, 1984

Family KokiriidaeMcFarlane, 1964

Pangullia Navás, 1934

Superfamily LimnephiloideaKolenati, 1848

Family LimnephilidaeKolenati, 1848

AnomalocosmoecusSchmid, 1957

Antarctoecia Ulmer, 1907

Austrocosmoecus Schmid, 1955

ClistoroniaBanks, 1916

HesperophylaxBanks, 1916

LimnephilusLeach, 1815

Metacosmoecus Schmid, 1955

MonocosmoecusUlmer, 1906

PlatycosmoecusSchmid, 1964

Verger Navás, 1918

Superfamily PhryganeoideaLeach, 1815

Family LepidostomatidaeUlmer, 1903

LepidostomaRambur, 1842

List of type depositories

AMNH

ASL

BMNH

CAS

CMNH

CNC

CNIN

Collection Apollinaris he worked in Colombia, sent material to Navás, material presumed lost

Collection Malicky private collection, Hans Malicky, Lunz am See, Austria

Collection Martynov private collection in Warsaw, material not in ASL, presumed lost

Collection Navás some material transferred to MZBS and survived, remainder mostly lost

Collection Poinar collection of George O. Poinar, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA

Collection Wichard private collection, Wilfried Wichard, Bonn, Germany

CU

CZNC

CZMA

DEI

DZRJ

DZUP

FHCU

FMNH

FSCA

GPIMH

HNHM

IBN

IBUNAM

IESHC

INBIO

IHNEC

IML

INHS

INPA

IRSNB

ISMA

IZAM

KMUL

LACM

MACN

MCZ

MHNG

MHNJP

MIUP

MNHNP

MNHNS

MNRJ

MZBS

MZUSP

NMB

NMNH

NMSB

NMW

NRS

OPC

PAN

PSUC

RNH

SDMNH

SEMC

SMNS

UASC

UCB

UCD

UChS

UMQ

UMSP

UNLP

UZMC

WSU

ZIUH

ZMHU

ZMUA

ZSM

ZSZMH

Catalog

Family Anomalopsychidae

The family Anomalopsychidae was established by Flint (1981c) for two Chilean species previously placed in the Sericostomatidae: Contulma cranifer Flint and Anomalopsyche minuta (Schmid). Two additional Contulma species were described by Holzenthal and Flint (in Flint 1991) from Colombia. Since then, 24 new species have been described from Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil (Holzenthal and Flint 1995, Holzenthal and Robertson 2006, Jardim and Nessimian 2011, Holzenthal and Ríos-Touma 2012).

Flint (1981c) described the immature stages of Anomalopsyche and those of several species of Contulma were described by Holzenthal and Flint (1995) and Holzenthal and Ríos-Touma (2012). Larvae of both genera build cases of sand grains and inhabit small streams in forested areas or at high elevations.

Genus Anomalopsyche Flint [1]

Anomalopsyche Flint, 1967a:66 [Type species: Anomalopsyche ocellata Flint, 1967a = Myotrichia minuta Schmid, 1957, original designation; in Sericostomatidae]. —Flint, 1981c:75 [to Anomalopsychidae].

A single species is known from Chile. Larvae and pupae were described by Flint (1981c). They build slightly curved, tapered, cylindrical cases of sand grains. The immature stages are found in spring runs, in waterfalls, and hygropetric habitats, often in aquatic moss.

minuta (Schmid), 1957:392 [Type locality: Chile, Ñuble, Tregualemu, NMNH; ♂; in Myotrichia]. —Flint, 1967a:66 [to Anomalopsyche]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Flint, 1981c:75 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; redescription].

—ocellata Flint, 1967a:66 [Type locality: Chile, Valdivia, Punucapa, near Valdivia; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:84, 91 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Contulma Flint [27]

Contulma Flint, 1969b:513 [Type species: Contulma cranifer Flint, 1969b, original designation; in Sericostomatidae]. —Flint, 1981c:82 [to Anomalopsychidae]. —Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:1 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; phylogeny].

The 27 known species of Contulma range in distribution from Costa Rica, through the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, to Chile and the mountains of southeastern Brazil. Certainly, many more undescribed species await discovery.

Contulma species are generally found associated with the spray and splash zones of waterfalls, small first order streams, and seeps in lush, montane forests. Several species have been taken from small streams flowing through the páramo. Holzenthal and Ríos-Touma (2012) described the life history stages and biology of an uncommon species living above 3,800 m in the Ecuadorian páramo. The larvae fed on diatoms and were univoltine with continuous larval growth. In some Colombian streams between 2,500-2,900 m a.s.l., Contulma larvae were a dominant component of the benthic fauna (Medellín et al., 2004). Adults of species living in high elevations are not readily attracted to lights because of cold nighttime temperatures; those of the Ecuadorian species Contulma paluguillensis were collected in sticky traps as well as Malaise and emergence traps.

adamsae Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:11 [Type locality: Peru, Cuzco, Paucartampo, nr. park entrance station, nr. km 106, seeps; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1996b:429 [distribution].

Distribution. Peru.

bacula Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:11 [Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, 1 mi E of Papallacta; NMNH; ♂]. —Medellín et al., 2004:201 [distribution; biology].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

boliviensis Holzenthal and Robertson, 2006:50 [Type locality: Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Parque Nacional Amboró, 17°50'15"S, 64°23'29"W, el. 2030 m; UASC; ♂].

Distribution. Bolivia.

caldensis Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:12 [Type locality: Colombia, Caldas, 1.1 km E Termales de Ruíz; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:274 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

cataracta Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:12 [Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, Río Maspa Chico, 2 km W Cuyuja; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

colombiensis Holzenthal and Flint, in Flint, 1991:106 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, 12 km N Fredonia, road to Medellín; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:14 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:274 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

costaricensis Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:14 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, unnamed tribs. (Quebrada Palmitos and falls), ca. 9 km (road) NW tunnel, 9.72°N, 83.78°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

cranifer Flint, 1969b:513 [Type locality: Chile, Malleco, Río Manzanares, near Purén; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Flint, 1981c:82 [to Anomalopsychidae]. —Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:14 [♂; ♀; redescription].

Distribution. Chile.

echinata Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:15 [Type locality: Colombia, Caldas, 5 km W Termales de Ruíz; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:274 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

ecuadorensis Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:16 [Type locality: Ecuador, Imbabura, Otavalo/Apuila; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Ecuador.

fluminensis Holzenthal and Robertson, 2006:52 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Macaé, Macaé da Cima, 22°23'41"S, 42°30'08"W, el. 1000 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Dumas et al., 2009:371 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:3 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

inornata Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:16 [Type locality: Colombia, Caldas, 5 km W Termales de Ruíz; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:274 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

lanceolata Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:17 [Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, Baeza (72 km E), in seep at waterfall; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

meloi Holzenthal and Robertson, 2006:54 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Estação Biológica de Boracéia, Rio Venerando, 23°39'11"S, 45°53'25"W, el. 850 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Calor, 2011:319 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:3 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

nevada Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:17 [Type locality: Colombia, Caldas, 0.7 km S entrance P.N. Los Nevados; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:274 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

paluguillensis Holzenthal and Ríos-Touma, 2012:444 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pichincha, Reserva Paluguillo, Quebrada Saltana, 0°19'1.80"S, 78°13'8.8"W, 3848 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; biology].

Distribution. Ecuador.

papallacta Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:17 [Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, 1 mi E of Papallacta; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

penai Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:18 [Type locality: Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchipe, 30 km E Loja; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:274 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

sana Jardim and Nessimian, 2011:226 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Macaé municipality, Sana, Córrego da Ilha, 22°20'41.8"S, 42°11'03.7"W, 381 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:3 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

sancta Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:19 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Quebrada Virgencita, 10.2 km S Bajos del Toro, 10.168°N, 84.326°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

spinosa Holzenthal and Flint, in Flint, 1991:106 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada La Iguaná, 17 km NW Medellín, on road to San Jerónimo; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:19 [♂; ♀; larva; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:274 [checklist]. —Medellín et al., 2004:200 [distribution; biology].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

talamanca Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:21 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Jaba at rock quarry, 1.4 km (air) W Las Cruces, 8.79°N, 82.97°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

tapanti Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:21 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, unnamed trib. (Quebrada Palmitos and falls), ca. 9 km (road) NW tunnel, 9.72°N, 83.78°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

tica Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:22 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Bellavista, ca. 1.5 km NW Las Alturas, 8.951°N, 82.846°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

tijuca Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:22 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional Tijuca, Repressa dos Ciganos; MZUSP (on indefinite loan to NMNH); ♂; ♀; probable larva]. —Dumas et al., 2009:371 [distribution]. Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:8 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:3 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

tripui Holzenthal and Robertson, 2006:56 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Estação Ecológica do Tripuí, Córrego Tripuí, 20°23'22"S, 43°32'32"W, el. 1070 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Calor, 2011:319 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:371 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:3 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

valverdei Holzenthal and Flint, 1995:22 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, waterfall, ca. 1 km (road) NW tunnel, 9.69°N, 83.76°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

Family Atriplectididae

Neboiss (1978) established a new family, Atriplectididae, for the Australian species Atriplectides dubius Mosely and at the same time transferred Hughscottiella auricapilla Ulmer, from the Seychelles, to the family. The larvae of both genera were described in the same year (Marlier 1978, Neboiss 1978). Roback (1966) described an unusual caddisfly larva from the Río Bella, near Tingo Maria, Peru that he was unable to place in a known family at the time, but it, too, belongs to the Atriplectididae. The larvae of all three are unusual within the Trichoptera in that the head, pro- and mesonota are narrow, elongate and retractile. Holzenthal (1997) reviewed the family and described the first Neotropical species, placing it in a new genus, Neoatriplectides. The unusual larval morphology is apparently an adaptation that allows the larva to feed internally in small dead arthropods found in the stream (Malicky 1997).

Genus Neoatriplectides Holzenthal [2]

Neoatriplectides Holzenthal, 1997:157 [Type species: Neoatriplectides froehlichi Holzenthal, 1997].

Unknown family 1, Roback, 1966:256 [larva only]. —Holzenthal, 1997:157 [to synonymy].

Only two species are known in the genus, with definitive records of adults of one from only Peru and Bolivia, and the other from southeastern Brazil. Larval only records are known from Colombia and Ecuador, as well as Peru The larvae were described by Roback (1966) and Holzenthal (1997). Larvae are found on sandy substrates or among leaf liter in shallow, lateral pools of small streams (Dumas and Nessimian 2008). Posada-García and Roldán-Pérez (2003) recorded a single larva from a small stream containing bryophytes at an elevation of 2,800 m in northwestern Colombia, and Villarreal-Grisales and García-Cárdenas (2013) recorded larvae from Quindío, Colombia, in streams at about 3000 m elevation. These larvae were found on rocks in the center of the streams where the current was fastest. Villada-Bedoya et al. (2015) also recorded a larva from Colombia. These larval records and the one from Ecuador (Holzenthal 1997) are here tentatively listed under Neoatriplectides froehlichi, but adults must be collected or reared to confirm their identity.

desiderata Dumas and Nessimian, 2008:64 [Type localiy: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Rio Aiuruoca, 22°20'56.9"S, 44°41'37.9"W, 1860 m; DZRJ; ♂; pupa]. —Dumas et al., 2009:367 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:8 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:4 [checklist].

—Neoatriplectides sp., Holzenthal, 1997:160 [larva; case]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2008:64 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Brazil.

froehlichi Holzenthal, 1997:159 [Type locality: Peru, Cuzco, Paucartambo, Puente San Pedro, ca. 50 km NW Pilcopata, MHNJP (temporarily at NMNH); ♂; /female]. —Muñoz-Quesada 2000:272 [probable distribution]. —Posada-García and Roldán-Pérez, 2003:175 [probable distribution]. —Villarreal-Grisales and García-Cárdenas, 2013:261 [probable distribution]. —Villada-Bedoya et al., 2015:369 [probable distribution].

—Probable n. gen., n. sp., Flint, 1996b:423 [teneral ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1997:159 [described as new species].

Distribution. Bolivia, Colombia [probable], Ecuador, Peru.

Family Calamoceratidae

This is a small, but cosmopolitan family of seven genera and about 200 species, most of which are tropical. Only two genera, Banyallarga and Phylloicus, are to be found in the Neotropics, with 17 and 58 species respectively, including one fossil species from Domincan amber.

Adults are more diurnal in their activity than most Trichoptera. The immature stages and cases of several species of Phylloicus have been described: Flint (1964a), Roldán Pérez (1988), Wiggins (1996), Bowles and Flint (1997), Prather (2003), Huamantinco et al. (2005), Quinteiro et al. (2011). The same stages are also known for Banyallarga argentinica (Flint and Angrisano 1985). Larvae of the Neotropical species are found in standing, backwater areas of streams and rivers where they feed on leaf detritus; they are often very abundant.

Genus Banyallarga Navás [17]

Banyallarga Navás, 1916b:78 [Type species: Banyallarga testacea Navás, 1916b, original designation]. —Fischer, 1963:175 [in Hydropsychidae: Macronematinae]. —Botosaneanu and Flint, 1982:24 [larva; as Phylloicus]. —Flint, 1983a:77 [to Calamoceratidae]. —Flint and Angrisano, 1985:688 [larva; pupa; distinguished from Phylloicus]. —Prather, 2004:3, 11 [revision; ♂; ♀; key to species]. —Rueda Martín, 2013:328 [case; differentiation of larvae from Phylloicus].

Histricoverpa Prather, 2004:22 [Type species: Ganonema molliculum McLachlan, 1871, original designation; as subgenus of Banyallarga; ♂; ♀; revision; key to species].

This genus of 17 known species is endemic to the Neotropics, being found from Nicaragua to Argentina. Adults exhibit a preference for flying and swarming during the day, and only rarely are attracted to collecting lights.

The larvae are found in slowly flowing areas of small streams on sandy-stony bottoms or among vegetation (Flint and Angrisano 1985). Larvae build tubular cases primarily of mineral fragments with some plant matter incorporated or flat cases of leaf framents, similar to those of Phylloicus (Rueda Martín 2013). They appear to be omnivorous.

acutiterga (Histricoverpa) (Denning and Hogue), in Denning et al., 1983:188 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José Province, Motel Prado, San Isidro del General; LACM; ♂; in Murielia]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:71 [distribution]. —Flint et al., 1999a:73 [to Banyallarga]. —Prather, 2004:23 [♂; ♀; redescription; to Histricoverpa].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

argentinica (Banyallarga) Flint, 1983a:77 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Salta, Cañada la Gotera, Rt. 59, km 23.5; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint and Angrisano, 1985:691 [larva; pupa; biology]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:74 [list of type material, distribution]. —Prather, 2004:12 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Rueda Martín, 2013:326 [♂; case]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Peru.

columbiana (Banyallarga) (Navás), 1934a:174 [Type locality: Colombia, Santander, Pamplona; MNHNP; original description implies ♀; but type is ♂; in Anisocentropus]. —Flint, 1983a:77 [to Banyallarga]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:274 [checklist]. —Prather, 2004:12 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Colombia.

echinata (Histricoverpa) Prather, 2004:24 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Manu Biosphere Res[serve], Pakitza Bio[logical] Sta[tion], 11°56'00"S, 71°18'00"W, el. 350 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

—“n. sp. 1” Flint, 1996b:424. —Prather, 2004:24 [as synonymy].

Distribution. Peru.

fortuna (Histricoverpa) (Resh), in Denning et al., 1983:190 [Type locality: Panama, Rio Chiriqui at Fortuna; UCB; ♂; in Murielia]. —Aguila, 1992:543 [distribution]. —Flint et al., 1999a:73 [to Banyallarga]. —Prather, 2004:26 [♂; ♀; redescription; to Histricoverpa]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

—undescribed genus, undescribed species “A” McElravy et al., 1981:153. —Denning et al., 1983:190 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

loxana (Banyallarga) (Navás), 1934a:173 [Type locality: Ecuador, Loja; MNHNP; original description implies ♂; but the type is female; in Phylloicus]. —Flint, 1983a:77 [to Banyallarga]. —Flint, 1996b:424 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:77 [distribution]. —Prather, 2004:15 [♂; ♀; redescription]. —Rueda Martín, 2013:326 [♂]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru.

mexicana (Histricoverpa) Prather, 2004:27 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, La Esperanza; IBUNAM; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Mexico.

mollicula (Histricoverpa) (McLachlan), 1871:127 [Type locality: Venezuela; BMNH; ♂; in Ganonema]. —Flint, 1983a:77 [to Banyallarga]. —Prather, 2004:28 [♂; ♀; redescription; to Histricoverpa].

Distribution. Venezuela.

nica (Histricoverpa) Prather, 2004:29 [Type locality: Nicaragua, Jinotega, Peñas Blancas, 13°17'00"N, 85°33'00"W, el. 1300 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist].

Distribution. Nicaragua.

penai (Banyallarga) Prather, 2004:16 [Type locality: Bolivia, La Paz, Unduavi/Coroico, el. 2500 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Bolivia, Ecuador.

quincemil (Histricoverpa) Prather, 2004:30 [Type locality: Peru, Cuzco, Quincemil; CNC; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Peru.

sanchezi (Histricoverpa) Prather, 2004:31 [Type locality: Colombia, Huila, Quebrado Juancho, 10 km W Iquira; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Colombia.

sylvana (Histricoverpa) Prather, 2004:32 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito & tribs., 10°12'58"N, 84°36'25"W, el. 980 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua.

tapanti (Histricoverpa) Prather, 2004:33 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapanti, Quebrada Segunda at administration building, 09°45'40"N, 83°47'13"W, el. 1250 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

vicaria (Banyallarga) (Walker), 1852:114 [Type locality: Venezuela; BMNH; ♀; in Hydropsyche]. —McLachlan, 1871:127 [♂; in Ganonema]. —Betten and Mosely, 1940:218 [redescription; in Ganonema]. —Flint, 1983a:77 [to Banyallarga]. —Prather, 2004:17 [Neotype: Venezuela, Mérida, Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada, Mucuy Fish Hatchery, 7 km E Tabay, Queb. La Mucuy, el. 2012 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀; distribution].

—testacea Navás, 1916b:78 [Type locality: Colombia, Muzo; collection Appolinaris, now lost?; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:274 [checklist]. —Prather, 2004:17 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela.

villosa (Banyallarga) (Navás), 1934a:174 [Type locality: Ecuador, Loja; MNHNP; original description implies ♂; but type is ♀; in Anisocentropus]. —Flint, 1983a:77 [to Banyallarga]. —Prather, 2004:19 [♂; /female; redescription].

Distribution. Ecuador.

yungensis (Banyallarga) Flint, 1983a:79 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Tucumán, Horco Molle, near Tucumán; NMNH; ♂]. —Martynov 1912:7 [♂; misidentified as Ganonema vicarium]. —Flint, 1996b:424 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:74 [list of type material]. —Prather, 2004:20 [♂; /female; redescription; distribution]. —Rueda-Martin, 2013:327 [♂]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Venezuela.

Genus Phylloicus Müller [57 + †1]

Phylloicus Müller, 1880a:113, 131 [Type species: Phylloicus major Müller, 1880a, subsequent selection of Flint, 1964a, not Fischer, 1965]. —Müller, 1880b:180 [♂; ♀; cases]. —Müller, 1888:274 [larva]. —Ulmer, 1905b:77 [adults]. —Ulmer, 1907d:120 [adults]. —Lestage, 1925:42 [checklist; key]. —Betten, 1934:236 [adults]. —Flint and Angrisano, 1985:688 [larva; pupa; distinguished from Banyallarga]. —Roldán Pérez, 1988:146 [larva]. —Wiggins, 1996:224 [larva]. —Prather, 2003:17 [revision; ♂; ♀; key to species]. —Wichard, 2007a:34 [diagnosis]. —Rueda Martín, 2013:328 [case; differentiation of larvae from Banyallarga].

Homoeoplectron Ulmer, 1905a:33 [Type species: Homoeoplectron assimile Ulmer, 1905a = Phylloicus major Müller, 1880a, subsequent selection of Fischer, 1965]. —Ulmer, 1905b:77 [to synonymy].

Notiomyia Banks, 1905:18 [Type species: Heteroplectron mexicanum Banks, 1900, original designation]. —Flint, 1967c:17 [to synonymy].

Murielia Hogue and Denning, in Denning et al., 1983:187 [Type species: Phylloicus farri Flint, 1968a, original designation]. —Flint et al., 1999a:73 [to synonymy].

The genus is limited to Latin America, except for two species which extend into the southwestern United States. As in Banyallarga, the often strikingly colored adults are day active, although they do appear at collecting lights, especially teneral individuals.

Larvae have been described a number of times (Ulmer 1955, Wiggins 1996, Botosaneanu and Sykora 1973, Botosaneanu and Flint 1982, Bowles and Flint 1997, Huamantinco et al. 2005, Quinteiro et al. 2011, Rueda Martín 2013). The flat case, made of oval pieces of leaves, is distinctive. Larvae live in still, backwater pools of rivers and streams; they can occur in very large numbers. One species is known to occur in water trapped in the leaf axils of Bromeliaceae (Müller 1880a, Banks 1912). Larvae are detritivorous, feeding in leaf litter depositional areas. Moretti et al. (2009) showed that Phylloicus selected leaves for case-building that were chemically protected againt microbial degradation and consumption by other shredders, but this was dependant on leaf abundance. As a typical and important leaf shredder in Neotropical aquatic ecosystems, Phylloicus has been been the subject of many different kinds of biological and ecological studies, perhaps the most of any caddisfly in the region (e.g., Rincón and Martínez 2006, Wantzen and Wagner 2006, Becker et al. 2009, Encalada et al. 2010, Landeiro et al. 2010, Navarro et al. 2013, Vidovix et al. 2013, Guzmán-Soto and Tamarís-Turizo 2014, Martins et al. 2014, Rezende et al. 2015).

abdominalis (Ulmer), 1905a:34 [Type locality: Brazil, “Are-as”, probably in Santa Catarina; ZIUH; type destroyed; ♂; in Homoeoplectron]. —Ulmer, 1913:398 [distribution]. —Prather 2003:15 [Neotype: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Itajai; MCZ; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Huamantinco et al., 2005:20 [larva; pupa; distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:367 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:319 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:8 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:4 [checklist]. —Quinteiro et al., 2014:230 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

aculeatus (Blanchard), 1851:138 [Type locality: Chile; MNHNP; ♀; in Macronema]. —Flint, 1974e:84, 90 [♀; lectotype; to Phylloicus]. —Flint, 1990:119 [distribution]. —Prather, 2003:17 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:77 [distribution]. —Guevara-Cardona et al., 2007:123 [checklist].

—distans Navás, 1918c:226 [Type locality: Chile, Marga-Marga, Los Perales; MZBS; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:84 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

adamsae Prather, 2003:19 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Manu Biosphere Res[erve], Pakitza Bio[logical] Sta[tion], 11°56'00"S, 71°18'00"W, el. 350 m; MHNJP; ♂; ♀].

—“n. sp. 3” Flint, 1996: 425. ­—Prather, 2003:19 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Peru.

aeneus (Hagen), 1861:285 [Type locality: Mexico, [Veracruz]; MCZ; ♀; in Macronema]. —Hagen, 1864b:804 [to Anisocentropus]. —Ulmer, 1905b:79 [to Phylloicus; redescription; ♂; in Phylloicus nigripennis]. —Ross, 1952:34 [lectotype; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:17 [♂; in Phylloicus nigripennis]. —Flint, 1967d:174 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:210 [distribution]. —Denning et al., 1983:182 [redescription]. —Aguila, 1992:543 [distribution]. —Wiggins, 1996:224 [larva]. —Bowles and Flint, 1997:58 [variation]. —Maes, 1999:1196 [checklist]. —Prather, 2003:21 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Bowles et al., 2007:23 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:32 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:4 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist]. —Djernaes, 2011:52 [♂; ♀]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

—ornatus (Banks), 1909:342 [Type locality: United States, Texas, Brownwood; MCZ; ♀; in Notiomyia]. —Flint, 1967c:17 [to Phylloicus]. —Flint, 1967d:173 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:211 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c: 72 [distribution]. —Bowles and Flint, 1997:53 [redescription; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Norwood and Stewart, 2002:44 [biology]. —Prather, 2003:21 [to synonymy].

—centralus (Navás), 1924c:82 [Type locality: Costa Rica; MNHNP; ♂; in Macronema]. —Holzenthal, 1988:72 [to Phylloicus]. —Prather, 2003:21 [to synonymy].

amazonas Prather, 2003:26 [Type locality: Venezuela, Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp, 00°51'N, 66°10'W, el. 140 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:4 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela.

angustior Ulmer, 1905b:78 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul; NMW; ♂]. —Flint, 1966a:11 [lectotype; ♂]. —Flint, 1981a:36 [♂; distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Flint, 1982:24 [larva]. —Flint, 1991:98 [♂; distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:38 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:102 [distribution; likely hansoni]. —Flint, 1996b:424 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:274 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [checklist]. —Prather, 2003:27 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:77 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:41 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Calor, 2011:319 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:8 [checklist]. —Manzo et al., 2014:167 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:4 [checklist]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Trinidad[?], Uruguay, Venezuela.

auratus Prather, 2003:29 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Manu Biosphere Res[erve], Pakitza Bio[logical] Sta[tion], Aquajal, 11°56'00"S, 71°18'00"W, el. 250 m; MHNJP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:4 [checklist].

—“n. sp. 4” Flint, 1996:425. —Prather, 2003:29 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Brazil, Peru.

bertioga Prather, 2003:31 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Bertioga, 23°51'00"S, 46°09'00"W, el. 5 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:319 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:5 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

bicarinatus Prather, 2003:32 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Manu, Biosphere Res[erve], Pakitza Bio[logical] Sta[tion], Quebrada Trompetero, trail 2, marker 15, 11°56'39"S, 71°16'59"W, el. 350 m; MHNJP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Bolivia, Peru.

bidigitatus Prather, 2003:34 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia; NMW; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:319 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:367 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:7 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:9 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:5 [checklist]. —Quinteiro et al., 2014:230 [distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

blahniki Prather, 2003:35 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Parque Nacional Corcovado, unnamed stream, Piedra el Arco, 08°34'55"N, 83°42'32"W, el. 20 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

brevior Banks, 1914b (1915):632 [Type locality: Guyana, Bartica; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:18 [♂]. —Flint, 1974c:139 [♂; distribution]. —Prather, 2003:36 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2010:9 [distribution as Pará state, Brazil, not Paraná as reported by Prather 2003 and Paprocki et al. 2004]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:5 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Suriname.

bromeliarum Müller, 1880a:131 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catharina [sic]; MNRJ; case]. —Ulmer, 1906:56 [♀]. —Ulmer, 1913:398 [♂; distribution]. —Ulmer, 1955:418 [larva]. —Prather, 2003:38 [Lectotype: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Blumenau, 26°56'0"S, 49°3'0"W; MCZ; ♂; ♀; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:319 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:5 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

camargoi Quinteiro and Calor, in Quinteiro et al., 2011:39 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, 21°10'04"S, 47°51'25"W; MZUSP; ♂; ♀; /larva/; /pupa/]. —Calor, 2011:319 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:5 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

chalybeus (Hagen), 1861:285 [Type locality: Cuba; MCZ; ♂; in Macronema]. —Ross, 1952:34 [lectotype; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:18 [♂]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:52 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1980:114 [♂; restriction of type locality]. —Kumanski, 1987:32 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:468 [larva]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [checklist].—Prather, 2003:39 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —López del Castillo et al., 2004:229 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist]. —López del Castillo et al., 2007:171 [distribution; seasonal abundance].

Distribution. Cuba.

cordatus Prather, 2003:41 [Type locality: Venezuela, Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, Camp IV, 00°58'00"N, 65°57'00"W, el. 760 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

crenatus Navás, 1916b:79 [Type locality: Colombia, Muzo; collection Apollinaris, now lost?; ♂; in Banyallarga]. —Lestage, 1925: 44 [perhaps Phylloicus]. —Flint, 1983a:77 [to Phylloicus]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:274 [checklist]. —Prather, 2003:42 [as nomen dubium].

Distribution. Colombia.

cressae Prather, 2003:43 [Type locality: Venezuela, Lara, Parque Nacional Dinira, Quebrada Las Pinetas, 09°46'19"N, 70°01'45"W, el. 1889 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela.

cubanus Banks, 1924:445 [Type locality: Cuba; MCZ; [♂]. —Banks, 1938:298 [distribution]. —Flint, 1967c:18 [♂]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Sykora, 1973:399 [♂; larva; pupa]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:52 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:468 [larva]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:97 [checklist]. —Prather, 2003:45 [♂; ♀; distribution]. — López del Castillo et al., 2004:229 [distribution]. —González Lazo et al., 2005:260 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

dumasi Santos and Nessimian, 2010a:322 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas State, Rio Preto da Eva municipality, tributary to Rio Preto da Eva, 02°32'09.4"S, 59°49'59.3"W; INPA; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:5 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

elegans Hogue and Denning, in Denning et al., 1983:184 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island; WSU; ♂]. —Flint, 1991:98 [♂; distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:6 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:72 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:543 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1196 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:274 [checklist]. —Prather, 2003:46 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama.

elektoros Prather, 2003:48 [Type locality: Venezuela, Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp, in rain forest, 00°51'N, 66°10'W, el. 140 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Martins et al., 2014:337 [biology]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:5 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Peru, Venezuela.

ephippium Prather, 2003:50 [Type locality: Ecuador, Tungurahua, 13 km E Baños, el. 1550 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Ecuador.

farri Flint, 1968a:56 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Hope River near Newcastle at mile post 16.5; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; case]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Denning et al., 1983:188 [type species of Murielia]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:21 [distribution]. —Malicky, 1999:116, 117 [distribution]. —Flint et al., 1999a:73 [returned to Phylloicus]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:97 [checklist]. —Prather, 2003:51 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Jamaica.

fenestratus Flint, 1974c:139 [Type locality: Suriname, Nickerie River, Stondansi; RNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:425 [distribution]. —Prather, 2003:53 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2010:9 [distribution as Pará state, Brazil, not Paraná as reported by Prather 2003 and Paprocki et al. 2004]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:5 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

flinti Prather, 2003:55 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Manu Biosphere Res[erve], Pakitza Bio[logical] Sta[tion], trail 1, 1st stream, 11°56'00"S, 71°18'00"W, el. 250 m; MHNJP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:6 [checklist].

—“n. sp. 2” Flint, 1996:425. ­—Prather, 2003:55 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Brazil, Peru.

hansoni Denning, 1983, in Denning et al., 1983:184 [Type locality: Trinidad, Simla Research Station; CAS; ♂]. —Botosaneanu and Flint, 1982:24 [larva; as synonym of Phylloicus angustior]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:38 [as synonym of Phylloicus angustior]. —Flint, 1996a:102 [distribution; as angustior]. —Flint et al., 1999a:57 [as synonym of Phylloicus angustior]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [as Phylloicus angustior]. —Prather, 2003:57 [resurrected; distribution].

Distribution. Trinidad, Venezuela.

holzenthali Prather, 2003:59 [Type locality: Venezuela, Tachira, Quebrada La Honda, 10 km E La Grita, 08°08'49"N, 71°56'02"W, el. 2300 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

iridescens Banks, 1941:397 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Constanza to V. Nuevo; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:18 [lectotype; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:20 [distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:36 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:97 [checklist]. —Prather, 2003:61 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:3 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:298 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

lituratus Banks, 1920:350 [Type locality: Colombia, Mariquito; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:19 [♂]. —Denning et al., 1983:182 [redescription]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:72 [distribution; as priapulus]. —Aguila, 1992:543 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:274 [checklist]. —Prather, 2003:62 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín, 2013:322 [♂; larva; pupa; case; biology; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

—“species 1” Flint, 1991:98. —Prather, 2003:62 [to synonymy].

—priapulus Denning and Hogue, 1983, in Denning et al., 1983:187 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Province, 1.8 miles west of Rincón, Osa Peninsula; LACM; ♂]. —Graça et al., 2001:951 [biology]. —Prather, 2003:62 [to synonym].

Distribution. Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela.

llaviuco Prather, 2003:65 [Type locality: Ecuador, Azuay, Río Llaviuco, 16 km W Quenca, el. 3010 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

maculatus (Banks), 1901:369 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Presidio; MCZ; ♀; in Heteroplectron]. —Flint, 1967c:19 [♀; to Phylloicus]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:211 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:72 [distribution]. —Prather, 2003:66 [♂; ♀; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico.

magnus Banks, 1913a:236 [Type locality: Colombia, Monte Socorro; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:19 [♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Prather, 2003:68 [♂; ♀].

Distribution. Colombia.

major Müller 1880a:113, 131 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina; MNRJ; case]. —Ulmer, 1905b:77, 78 [as synomyn of assimilis]. —Flint, 1964a:65 [type species of genus]. —Flint, 1966a:11 [♂; taxonomic remarks]. —Prather, 2003:69 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:367 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:319 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:6 [checklist].

—assimilis (Ulmer), 1905a:36 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina; PAN; ♂; in Homoeoplectron]. —Flint, 1966a:11 [♂; lectotype; to synonymy].

Distribution. Brazil, Paraguay.

medius Müller 1880a:132 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina; no type nor type depository designated; sex not stated]. —Ulmer, 1955:418 [literature, discussion]. —Prather, 2003:71 [as nomen dubium]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

mexicanus (Banks), 1900:257 [Type locality: Mexico, Morelos, Cuernavaca; MCZ; ♂ (description implies type is female, but specimen with type label is a male according to Prather, 2003); in Heteroplectron]. —Banks, 1901 :369 [distribution]. —Flint, 1967c:17 [as synonym of Phylloicus aeneus]. —Wiggins, 1996:224 [larva; as Phylloicus aeneus]. —Prather, 2003:71 [resurrected; ♂; ♀; distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:307 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:185 [phenology, distribution]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:4 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

monneorum Dumas and Nessimian, 2010a:309 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio Campo Belo tributary in the track to Lago Azul, 22°27'8.38"S, 44°36'40.99"W, el. 790 m; DZRJ; ♂; ♀]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:9 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:6 [checklist]. —Quinteiro et al., 2014:231 [distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

monticolus Flint, 1968b:74 [Type locality: Dominica, 1.6 miles west of Pont Casse; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; case]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:50 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu 1994a:51 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:256 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:97 [checklist]. —Prather, 2003:74 [♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:53 [distribution].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique.

munozi Prather, 2003:75 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, Quebrada Palmitos & falls, ca. 9 km (road) NW tunnel, 09°43'12"N, 83°46'48"W, el. 1400 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

—“species 2” Flint, 1991:99. —Prather, 2003:75 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama.

nigripennis (Banks), 1900:256 [Type locality: Mexico, Puebla, Santa Maria; MCZ; ♀; in Heteroplectron]. —Banks, 1901 :369 [distribution]. —Flint, 1967c:17 [♂; as synonym of Phylloicus aeneus]. —Prather, 2003:77 [resurrected; ♂; ♀]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist].

—latus (Navás), 1924c:83 [Type locality: Costa Rica; MNHNP; ♂; as Macronema latum]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:53, 71 [as synonym of Phylloicus aeneus]. —Prather, 2003:77 [to synonymy].

—sagittosa (Ross), 1951a:72 [Type locality: Mexico, Lower California, Todos Santos; CAS; ♂; in Notiomyia]. —Denning, 1964:134 [distribution]. —Flint, 1967:17 [as synonym of Phylloicus aeneus]. —Prather, 2003:77 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua.

obliquus Navás, 1931b:458 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais; DEI; ♀]. —Prather, 2003:79 [♂; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:368 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:6 [checklist]. —Quinteiro et al., 2014:230 [distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

panamensis Prather, 2003:80 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Guadalupe Arriba, 08°52'26"N, 82°33'13"W; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

paprockii Prather, 2003:82 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Aldeia de Cachoeira das Pedras, 20°06'49"S, 44°01'25"W, el. 925 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:6 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

passulatus Prather, 2003:83 [Type locality: Venezuela, Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho (40kmS) El Tobogán, Caño Coromoto; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

paucartambo Prather, 2003:84 [Type locality: Peru, Cuzco, Paucartambo to Pilcopata rd., Río San Pedro at Puente San Pedro, 13°03'18"S, 71°32'47"W, el. 1445 m; MHNJP; ♂; ♀].

—“n. sp. 1” Flint, 1996:424. —Prather, 2003:84 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru.

perija Prather, 2003:86 [Type locality: Venezuela, Zulia, Parque Nacional Perijá, Río Negro in Toromo, 10°03'04"N, 72°42'43"W, el. 360 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

pirapo Prather, 2003:86 [Type locality: Paraguay, Itapua, Pirapo; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Argentina, Paraguay.

plaumanni Flint, 1983a:76 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Seara, 27°09'S, 52°15'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Prather, 2003:88 [♂; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:6 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

pulchrus Flint, 1964a:65 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Maricao Forest; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:21 [♂; misidentificated as Phylloicus superbus according to Flint and Sykora, 2004]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:97 [checklist]. —Prather, 2003:90 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:3 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:298 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico.

quadridigitatus Prather, 2003:91 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Alto da Serra; NMW; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:319 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:6 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

quitacalzon Prather, 2003:92 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Toma del Agua, Amazonia Lodge, 12°52'13"S, 71°22'34"W, el. 415 m; MHNJP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Peru.

spectabilis Martynov, 1912:9 [Type locality: Peru, Callanga; ASL; ♂]. —Prather, 2003:94 [♂].

Distribution. Peru.

spinulacolis Prather, 2003:95 [Type locality: Venezuela, Falcón, Río Ricoa near Dos Bocas, 11°17'19"N, 69°26'04"W, el. 157 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

superbus Banks, 1938:298 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Pico Turquino; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:19 [lectotype; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:52 [distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:36 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:97 [checklist]. —Prather, 2003:96 [♂]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba, Dominican Republic.

tricalcaratus (Ulmer), 1905a:37 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Freyreiss; ZIUH; ♂; in Homoeoplectron]. —Ulmer, 1905b:78 [to Phylloicus; key]. —Prather, 2003:97 [as nomen dubium]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

trichothylax Prather, 2003:98 [Type locality: Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Latacunga, 13 km W, el. 1372 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

† velteni Wichard, 2007a:35 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; SMNS; ♂; in amber].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

yolandae Prather, 2003:98 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Municipio Corbélia, Rio Novo, headwaters, 24°53'53"S, 53°14'54"W, el. 700 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:6 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

Family Ecnomidae

This family now contains 10 genera and almost 400 species, mostly confined to the Southern Hemisphere, with Australia home to several endemic genera. In the Northern Hemisphere, species extend into the Palearctic and just barely into the Nearctic regions. In their recent phylogeny, Johanson and Espeland (2009) placed the putative origin of the family as Gondwanan. In the New World, all species but one are placed in the genus Austrotinodes.

The larvae of a number of the Old World species of Ecnomus have been described (Ulmer 1957, Lepneva 1970, Scott 1968) as well as those of Austrotinodes (Flint 1973a, Bowles 1995, Wiggins 1996). They construct silken tubes with fine sand grains incorporated, attached to rocks, wood, or submerged vegetation, and occur in both lotic and lectic waters. The pupa is found in an oval, silken cocoon, firmer than the retreat, with silken sieve openings at each end (Ulmer 1957).

Genus Austrotinodes Schmid [43]

Austrotinodes Schmid, 1955a:132 [Type species: Austrotinodes latior Schmid, 1955a, original designation]. —Flint, 1973a:127 [review of genus]. —Flint and Denning, 1989b:108 [review]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist]. —Wichard, 2007a:25 [♀; fossil, diagnosis]. —Cartwright, 2009:3 [Australian species, key].

Austrotinodes, originally described for a series of species from southern Chile and adjacent Argentina, is now known to occur throughout the entire Neotropics, including the West Indies and Texas (Bowles 1995), and Australia (Cartwright 2009). Wichard (2007a) recorded a female from Dominican amber, but he did not formally describe it as a new species.

The pupa of Austrotinodes recta and the larva of an unknown Chilean species were described by Flint (1973a). The larva of Austrotinodes cubanus was described (Botosaneanu 1994b) and the larva and pupa of Austrotinodes texensis are also known (Bowles 1995); the latter species is known only from Texas, USA, and is therefore not included below. The adults are generally collected, most commonly by net or rarely at UV lights, near flowing waters, from small streams to rather large rivers. The larvae live in elongate, rather flimsy shelters of sand and silk on the undersides of rocks. Larval food is probably fine detrital matter.

abrachium Thson and Holzenthal, 2010:39 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Paraúna, 3 km S Santana do Riacho, 19°10.986'S, 43°43.485'W, el. 650 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:7 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

adamsae Flint, 1996a:76 [Type locality: Tobago, Hermitage River, 5 km S Charlotteville, 11°19'N, 60°34'W; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [checklist].

Distribution. Tobago.

amazonensis Flint and Denning, 1989b:119 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas State, Hwy. AM 010, km 246, 20 km W Itacoatiara; MZUSP; ♂]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:7 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

ancylus Flint and Denning, 1989b:114 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza Province, Tzapino, 32 km NE Tigueno at 1°11'S, 77°14'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Ecuador.

angustior Schmid, 1955a:133 [Type locality: Chile (ile de Chiloé) Aucar; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist]. —Flint and Denning, 1989b:109 [distribution]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

ariasi Flint and Denning, 1989b:118 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas State, Reserva Ducke, Hwy. AM 010, km 26; MZUSP; ♂]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:7 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:7 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

armiger Flint, 1983a:23 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Malleco, Cabrería, Cordillera Nahuelbuta; NMNH; ♂]. —Schmid, 1958b:202 [example of angustior this species]. —Flint and Denning, 1989b:109 [distribution]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

belchioris Thomson and Holzenthal, 2010:39 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parque Estadual do Itacolomi, Córrego Belchior, 20°25.048'S, 43°25.737'W; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:7 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

boliviensis Thomson and Holzenthal, 2010:42 [Type locality: Bolivia, Dept. La Paz, AMNI Madidi, Comun. San Miguel de Bala, Arroyo Bacuatra Grande, 14°30.737'S, 67°31.385'W, el. 280 m; UASC; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Bolivia.

bracteatus Flint and Denning, 1989b:119 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo State, Paranapiacaba Biological Station; MZUSP; ♂]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:319 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:7 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

brevis Schmid, 1958b:201 [Type locality: Chile, Contulmo (Palo Botado); NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1973a:135 [distribution]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

canoabo Flint and Denning, 1989b:116 [Type locality: Venezuela, Carabobo State, near Canoabo; NMNH; ♂]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Venezuela.

cekalovici Flint, 1969b:507 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Cautin, Puente Hilquilco, south of Quepe; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

chihuahua Flint and Denning, 1989b:109 [Type locality: Mexico, Cuiteco, Chihuahua State; UCD; ♂]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

contubernalis Flint and Denning, 1989b:116 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui Province, Fortuna Dam Site, 8°44'N, 82°16'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:537 [distribution]. —Muñoz and Holzenthal, 1993:568 [♂; distribution]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

—species B McElravy et al., 1981:152 [in part, same data as contubernalis]. —Flint and Denning, 1989b:116 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

cressae Thomson and Holzenthal, 2010:45 [Type locality: Venezuela, Sucre, Península de Paria, Puerto Viejo, Rio el Pozo, 10°43.073'N, 62°28.569'W, el. 20 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

cubanus Kumanski, 1987:10 [Type locality: Cuba, Province Pinar del Rio, torrent in the Cueva Fuentes; NMSB; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:461 [larva]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [checklist]. —González Lazo et al., 2005:260 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist]. —López del Castillo et al., 2007:171 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

doublesi Muñoz and Holzenthal, 1993:565 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación Pitilla, Río Orosí, 10.991°N, 85.428°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist]. —Maes, 1999:1184 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua.

fortunata Flint and Denning, 1989b:114 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui Province, Fortuna Dam Site, 8°44'N, 82°16'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:537 [distribution]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

—species B McElravy et al., 1981:152 [same data as fortuna]. —Flint and Denning, 1989b:114 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Panama.

freytagi Flint and Denning, 1989b:110 [Type locality: Honduras, El Zamorano; CAS; ♂]. —Flint, 1973a:140 [Belize example of sedmani this species]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Belize, Honduras.

fuscomarginatus Flint and Denning, 1989b:117 [Type locality: Venezuela, Amazonas Federal Territory, Cerro de la Neblina, camp IV, 0°58'N, 65°57'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Venezuela.

inbio Muñoz and Holzenthal, 1993:565 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tribs., 10.216°N, 84.607°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

irwini Flint, 1973a:135 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Malleco, Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta; UCR; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

labiatus Flint and Sykora, 2004:4 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Pedernales Province, Río Mulito, 13 km N Pedernales, 18°09'N, 71°46'W, el. 230 m; CMNH; ♂]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:298 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

lineatus (Navás), 1934a:166 [Type locality: none given [presumably Chile]; collection Navás, now lost?; ♂; in Tinodes]. —Schmid, 1955a:132 [to Austrotinodes]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

longispinum Thomson and Holzenthal, 2010:45 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Cachoeira do Paredão, Lajeado, Serra da Bocaina, 22°43.533'S, 44°37.274'W, el. 1550 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Calor, 2011:319 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:7 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

madininae Botosaneanu, 1990a:40 [Type locality: Martinique, tributaries of Rivière Morose (Morne Vert, quartier Bernadette, at the foot of Pitons du Carbet; ZMUA; ♀]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:51 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Martinique.

mexicanus Flint, 1973a:136 [Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosi, El Salto Falls; NMNH; ♂; ♀; wings]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:198 [distribution]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

neblinensis Flint and Denning, 1989b:112 [Type locality: Venezuela, Amazonas Federal Territory, Cerro de la Neblina, basecamp (0°51'N, 66°10'W); NMNH; ♂]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Venezuela.

nielseni Flint and Denning, 1989b:120 [Type locality: Argentina, Rio Negro Province, Puerto Blest, Lago Nahuel Huapi; UZMC; ♂]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina.

panamensis Flint, 1973a:136 [Type locality: Panama, Cerro Campana; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint and Denning, 1989b:112 [distribution; biology]. —Aguila, 1992:537 [distribution]. —Muñoz and Holzenthal, 1993:570 [♂; distribution]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [distribution]. —Djernaes, 2011:12 [♂; ♀]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama.

paraguayensis Flint, 1983a:22 [Type locality: Paraguay, Dpto. Paraguarí, Colonia Piraretá; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint and Denning, 1989b:117 [distribution; correction of original figure]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:7 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Paraguay.

picada Flint, 1983a:22 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Chiloe, Huequetrumao, 22 km N Quellon; NMNH; ♂]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

prolixus Flint and Denning, 1989b:120 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Chapéu do Sol, km 110, Serra do Cipó; MZUSP; ♂]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:357 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:7 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:319 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:9 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:8 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

quadrispina Schmid, 1958b:200 [Type locality: Chile, Contulmo (Palo Botado); NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1973a:140 [distribution]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

recta Schmid, 1964:322 [Type locality: Chile (Malleco) Rucanuco; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1973a:140 [pupa; distribution]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist]. —Flint and Denning, 1989b:109 [distribution]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

recurvatus Flint, 1983a:25 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Maule, Alto Tregualemu, ca. 20 km SE Chovellén; NMNH; ♂]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

sedmani Flint, 1973a:140 [Type locality: Guatemala, Izabal, Las Escobas, near Matias de Galvez; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:58 [distribution]. —Flint and Denning, 1989b:110 [distribution; original Belize record a misidentification of freytagi]. —Aguila, 1992:537 [distribution]. —Muñoz and Holzenthal, 1993:568 [/male; distribution]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

—species A McElravy et al., 1981:152 [Recorded from: Panama, Chiriqui Province, Fortuna Dam Site, 8°44'N, 82°16'W]. —Flint and Denning, 1989b:110 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama.

talcana (Navás), 1934a:165 [Type locality: Chile, Talca; MZBS; ♀; in Tinodes]. —Schmid, 1949a:340 [♀]. —Schmid 1955a:132 [to Austrotinodes]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist]. —Flint and Denning, 1989b:109 [synonymy]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

—latior Schmid, 1955a:132 [Type locality: Chile (ile de Chiloé) Aucar; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist]. —Flint and Denning, 1989b:109 [to synonymy]. —Cohen, 2004:74 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

taquaralis Thomson and Holzenthal, 2010:47 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional Itatiaia, Rio Taquaral, 22°27.252'S, 44°36.570'W, el. 1300 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:9 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:8 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

triangularis Schmid, 1958b:202 [Type locality: Chile, Pichinahuel, (Arauco); NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

tuxtlensis Flint and Denning, 1989b:114 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz State, Los Tuxtlas area, seeps at “Las Cabanas”; NMNH; ♂]. —Bowles, 1995:160 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

uruguayensis Angrisano, 1994:130 [Type locality: Uruguay, Depto. Paysandú, Sta. Rita; FHCU; ♂; ♀; wings]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:8 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Uruguay.

Genus Chilocentropus Navás [1]

Chilocentropus Navás, 1934a:167 [Type species: Chilocentropus disparilis Navás, 1934a, original designation]. —Flint et al., 1999a:73 [to Ecnomidae].

This genus is likely a synonym of Austrotinodes, but having no evidence Flint et al., (1999a) made no formal taxonomic changes and we here follow that decision.

disparilis Navás, 1934a:167 [Type locality: Chile, Marga-Marga; collection Navás, now lost?; sex unknown]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:73 [status].

Distribution. Chile.

Family Glossosomatidae

This cosmopolitan family of approximately 700 described species is represented in the Neotropics only by members of the subfamily Protoptilinae (save for one species of Glossosomatinae). The 269 Neotropical species, including 5 fossils in amber, are distributed among 11 genera, all endemic to the Neotropics, except for Culoptila, with species also in the southwestern U.S., Protoptila, with species widely distributed in North and South America, and a single, northern Mexican Glossosoma species. One of the Neotropical genera (Cariboptila) is endemic to the Greater Antilles, while 4 others (Canoptila, Mastigoptila, Scotiotrichia, Tolhuaca) are endemic to the Chilean Subregion and/or southeastern Brazil.

In their world revision of Glossosomatidae, Protoptilinae, Robertson and Holzenthal (2013) synonymized Campsiphora Flint, 1964 and Cubanoptila Sykora, 1973 with Cariboptila Flint, 1964. Their study included detailed diagnoses, descriptions, and phylogenetic hypotheses based on morphological and molecular sequence data to also justify the synonymization of several Asian and North American genera with Padunia Martynov, 1910, Malicky’s (2014) opinion notwithstanding.

Six of the 10 Neotropical genera are known in the immature stages. In general, the tropical species tolerate warmer and more slowly flowing waters than the northern species, but feed in the same manner, i.e., by scraping periphyton and associated detritus from the upper surfaces of rocks. The Neotropical species build typical tortoise-cases, often with dorsal respiratory openings resembling chimneys (Flint 1963a, Blahnik and Holzenthal 2006).

Genus Canoptila Mosely [2]

Canoptila Mosely, 1939a:218 [Type species: Canoptila bifida Mosely, 1939a, original designation]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2006:45 [revision, distribution; phylogeneitc position]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:27 [review of genus, phylogeny, diagnosis; key to Protoptilinae genera].

Two species are known in the genus, both endemic to the Atlantic forests of southeastern Brazil (Robertson and Holzenthal 2006). The immature stages and biology are unknown.

bifida Mosely, 1939a:218 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; BMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2006:51 [♂; redescription]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:51 [♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:8 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

williami Robertson and Holzenthal, 2006:53 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Parque Estadual Intervales, Riacho at Poços Altos, 24°18'20"S, 48°20'52"W, 830 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:8 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

Genus Cariboptila Flint [21 + †4]

Cariboptila Flint, 1964a:17 [Type species: Cariboptila orophila Flint 1964a, original designation]. —Wichard, 2007a:7 [key to fossil species, as Cubanoptila]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:1, 28 [review of genus, phylogeny, diagnosis; key to Protoptilinae genera].

Campsiophora Flint, 1964a:14 [Type species: Campsiophora pedophila Flint 1964a, original designation]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:1, 28 [review of genus, phylogeny, to synonymy].

Cubanoptila Sykora, in Botosaneanu and Sykora, 1973:383 [Type species: Cubanoptila cubana Sykora, 1973, original designation]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:1, 28 [new, subsequent designation of type species Cubanoptila cubana by virtual tautonomy; review of genus, phylogeny, to synonymy].

Muangpaipsyche Malicky and Silalom, 2012:22 [Type species: Muangpaipsyche areopagita Malicky and Silalom, 2012, by monotypy]. —Malicky 2013:42 [as synonym of Campsiophora]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:28 [to synonymy].

Cariboptila is endemic to the islands of the Greater Antilles. The immatures stages of Cariboptila orophila and Cariboptila jamaicensis were described by Flint (1964a, 1968a, respectively). The immature stages of Cariboptila cubana and Cariboptila purpurea were described by Sykora (in Botosaneanu and Sykora 1973), and details were mentioned for Cariboptila guajira and Cariboptila poquita by Botosaneanu (1994b). Flint (1964a) also described the immature stages of Cariboptila pedophila (as Campsiophora) and noted that the larvae occur by the hundreds on the surfaces of rocks in riffles of clear, lowland streams. Four fossil species (in amber) are known from the Dominican Republic.

arawak (Flint), 1968a:13 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Yallahs River, Chestervale; NMNH; ♂; in Campsiophora]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:7 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:80 [distribution]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:29 [to Cariboptila].

Distribution. Jamaica.

aurulenta Flint, 1974a:7 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Convento, 12 km S of Constanza; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:8 [distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:36 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:80 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:5 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:298 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

botosaneanui (Kumanski), 1987:4 [Type locality: Cuba, Pinar del Río, ca. 15 km SE from La Palma, spring region of Río El Caimito; NMSB; ♂; ♀; in Cubanoptila]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:29 [to Cariboptila].

Distribution. Cuba.

caab Botosaneanu, 1996:8 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, springbrooks in La Descubierta, north shore of Lake Enriquillo; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:36 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:80 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:5 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

calcigena Flint, 1974a:8 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, La Palma, 12 km E of El Río; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:36 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:6 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

cubana (Sykora), in Botosaneanu and Sykora, 1973:384 [Type locality: Cuba, Mogotes de Viñales (Pinar del Río); IZAC; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; in Cubanoptila]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:43 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1980:93 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [distribution; correction of figure]. —López del Castillo et al., 2004:229 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:29 [♂; to Cariboptila].

Distribution. Cuba.

† grimaldii (Wichard), 1995a:160 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; AMNH; ♂; in amber; in Cubanoptila]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:36 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:28 [to Cariboptila, by synonymy of Cubanoptila].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

guajira Botosaneanu, 1977:244 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Massif de Gran Piedra, Arroyos de la Idalia; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:43 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:453 [larva]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

hispaniolica Flint, 1974a:8 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, La Palma, 12 km E of El Río; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:8 [distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:36 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:6 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

jamaicensis Flint, 1968a:16 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Hope River near Newcastle at milepost 16.5; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:79 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:7 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [distribution].

Distribution. Jamaica.

† longiscapa (Wichard), 2007a:7 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; SMNS; ♂; in amber; in Cubanoptila]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:28 [to Cariboptila, by synonymy of Cubanoptila].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

madremia (Botosaneanu), 1977:239 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Baracoa, Rio Yumuri; ZMUA; ♂; ♀; in Cubanoptila]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:43 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:29 [to Cariboptila].

Distribution. Cuba.

mathisi Flint and Sykora, 2004:6 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Monseñor Nouel Province, 8.7 km W Bonao [jct. Carretera Duarte and rt. 12], 19°01.8'N, 70°29.4'W, 890 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

† mederi (Wichard), 1989:93 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; NMNH; ♂; in amber; in Cubanoptila]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:36 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [checklist]. —Wichard, 2007a:8 [♂]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:28 [to Cariboptila, by synonymy of Cubanoptila].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

mulata (Botosaneanu), 1977:248 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Baire, Rio Mogote; ZMUA; ♂; in Campsiophora]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:44 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:453 [larva]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:80 [distribution]. —López del Castillo et al., 2004:229 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —López del Castillo et al., 2007:171 [distribution; seasonal abundance]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:29 [to Cariboptila].

Distribution. Cuba.

muybonita (Botosaneanu), 1977:237 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Baracoa, Rio Sabanilla; ZMUA; ♂; ♀; in Cubanoptila]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:43 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:453 [larva]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:29 [to Cariboptila].

Distribution. Cuba.

orophila Flint, 1964a:17 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, El Semil, near Villalba; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:79 [checklist]. —Flint and Masteller, 1993:140 [biology]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [distribution].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

paradoxa Flint and Sykora, 2004:6 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Independencia Province, La Descubierta, 18°34.1'N, 71°43.8, 0 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

pedophila (Flint), 1964a:15 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Maricao; NMNH; ♂; in Campsiophora]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1991a:116 [distrubution]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:6 [distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:36 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:80 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:5 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:298 [checklist]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:29 [♂; to Cariboptila].

—areopagita (Malicky and Silalom), 2012:22 [Type locality: Thailand, Prov. Mae Hong Son, Muang Pai Resort, 19°23'N, 98°23'E, 730 m; Collection Malicky; ♂; in Muangpaipsyche]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:29 [to synonymy, distribution in question]. —Malicky, 2014:45 [good species].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Thailand [?].

† poinari (Wichard), 1989:92 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; UCB; ♂; in amber; in Cubanoptila]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:36 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [checklist]. —Wichard, 2007a:8 [♂]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:28 [to Cariboptila, by synonymy of Cubanoptila].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

poquita Botosaneanu, 1977:242 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Baracoa, Rio Yumuri; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:43 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1980:92 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:453 [larva]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

purpurea (Sykora), in Botosaneanu and Sykora, 1973:387 [Type locality: Cuba, Río Cañas, Río Frio, El Cobre (Oriente); IESHC; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; case; in Cubanoptila]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:43 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1980:91 [distribution]. —Kumanski 1987:5 [♀; distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [distribution; correction of figure]. —López del Castillo et al., 2004:229 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —López del Castillo et al., 2007:171 [distribution; seasonal abundance]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:29 [to Cariboptila].

Distribution. Cuba.

soltera Botosaneanu, 1977:246 [Type locality: Cuba, Pinar del Rio, Soroa, Rio Manatiales; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:43 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1980:96 [♀; distribution]. —Kumanski 1987:6 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

tridens (Botosaneanu), in Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:7 [Type locality: Jamaica, Rio Munho in its upper reach at Grantham, a few km. W. of Frankfield, Clarendon; ZMUA; ♂; /female; in Cubanoptila]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1999:325 [♂; distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [distribution; population differences]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:29 [to Cariboptila].

Distribution. Jamaica.

trispinata Flint, 1992c:380 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, El Verde Field Station, Quebrada Prieta; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint and Masteller, 1993:140 [biology]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [distribution].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

Genus Culoptila Mosely [23 + †1]

Culoptila Mosely, 1954:336 [Type species: Culoptila aluca Mosely, 1954, original designation]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:1 [revision, key to species]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:1, 30 [review of genus, phylogeny, diagnosis; key to Protoptilinae genera].

The genus was revised by Blahnik and Holzenthal (2006). Twenty-six species are known, 3 exclusively from north of Mexico - Culoptila cantha (Ross), Culoptila kimminsi Denning, Culoptila plummerensis Blahnik and Holzenthal) - and 23 from southwestern US and Mexico through Central America to Costa Rica and Panama. A fossil species was described from Mexican amber (Wichard et al., 2006), one of the first caddisflies described from these mid-Miocene inclusions. Wiggins (1996) described the larva of Culoptila moselyi from Arizona, and Houghton and Stewart (1998b) described all 5 larval instars, the pupa, and the case of Culoptila cantha from Texas. Larvae seem to prefer larger rivers (Wiggins 1996). Blahnik and Holzenthal (2006) figured a larva and cases from Costa Rica. Houghton and Stewart (1998a) provided a detailed life history study and larval descriptions of Culoptila cantha, from Texas; some of the Mexican species may have similar life histories and habitat preferences.

acaena Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1996a:448 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, carretera 130, 80 km NW from Zihuatanejo; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:11 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Mexico.

† aguilerai Wichard, Solórzano-Kraemer and Luer, 2006:39 [Type locality: Chiapas, Simojovel de Allende, approximately 50 km from Tuxtla Gutiérrez, 17°08'19"N, 92°42'00"W, 600 m; IHNEC; ♂; in amber].

Distribution. Mexico.

aluca Mosely, 1954:337 [Type locality: Mexico, Caracuaro; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:192 [distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:13 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Mexico.

amberia Mosely, 1954:338 [Type locality: Mexico, Liquidamber; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:192 [distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:14 [♂; redescription]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

azulae Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1996a:451 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Reserva Montes Azules; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:15 [♂; redescription]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

barrerai Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1996a:448 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Pochutla, Finca Progreso; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:17 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Mexico.

bidentata Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:17 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Pizote, ca. 5 km N Dos Rios, 10°56'53"N, 85°17'28"W, 470 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

buenoi Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:19 [Type locality: Mexico, Puebla, 26 km N Xicotepec de Juárez, km 93, Tra 130; UNAM; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

cascada Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:22 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, Quebrada Palmitos & falls, ca. 9 km (road) NW tunnel, 9°43'12"N, 83°46'48"W, 1400 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

costaricensis Flint, 1974a:9 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Ojo de Agua, route 2, km 75; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:54 [distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:23 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

denningi Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1996a:451 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Ruta 130, 80 km NW from Zihuatanejo; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:24 [♂; redescription]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:32 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

hamata Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:26 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alahuela, Río Toro, 3.0 km (road) SE Bajos del Toro, 10°12'14"N, 85°18'58"W, 1530 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

jamapa Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1996a:446 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Río Jamapa; NMNH; ♂]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:28 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Mexico.

montanensis Flint, 1967b:2 [Type locality: Guatemala, El Progreso, Finca La Cajeta; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:30 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Guatemala.

moselyi Denning, 1965c:269 [Type locality: U.S.A., Arizona, Apache County, Greer, White Mountains (near Springerville), 8,00 ft.; CAS; ♂; female]. —Houghton, 2001:90 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:31 [♂; redescription]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:32 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:185 [phenology, distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

nahuatl Flint, 1974a:8 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Fortín de las Flores; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:192 [distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:32 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Mexico.

pararusia Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:34 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, trib. to Rio de Teapa on Mex. 195, 1.5 mi. N Ixhuatan; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

rusia Mosely, 1954:341 [Type locality: Mexico, La Prusia; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:192 [distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:38 [♂; redescription]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico.

saltena Mosely, 1954:342 [Type locality: Mexico, Huixtla; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:192 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1192 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:39 [♂; redescription]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua.

tapanti Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:40 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, Río Grande de Orosí, 9°41'10"N, 83°45'22"W, 1650 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

tarascanica Flint, 1974a:9 [Type locality: Mexico, Michoacan, Carapan, route 15, km 431; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:42 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Mexico.

thoracica (Ross), 1938b:114 [Type locality: U.S.A.: Boulder, Wyoming, along tributary of Big Piney River; INHS; ♂; in Protoptila]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:42 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:329, 332 [ecology].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

unispina Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:44 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Bellavista, ca 1.5 km NW Las Alturas, 8°57'04"N, 82°50'46"W, 1400 m; UMSP; ♂; larval case]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

vexillifera Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2006:45 [Type locality: Guatemala, Chimaltenango; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Guatemala.

Genus Glossosoma Curtis [1]

Glossosoma Curtis, 1834:216 [Type species: Glossosoma boltoni Curtis, 1834, monotype]. —Ross, 1956a:127 [revision].

This is a large genus of primarily Holarctic and Oriental species. One western North American species, Glossosoma ventrale Banks, extends southward into northern Mexico. Larvae of the genus have been described a number of times (Wiggins 1996). They feed on periphyton and detritus, which they scrape from the surfaces of rocks and other substrates in rapid, cool streams.

ventrale Banks, 1904a:109 [Type locality: United States, New Mexico, East Las Vegas; MCZ; ♂]. —Ross, 1956a:153 [redescription]. —Flint, 1967d:165 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:192 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:302 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:185 [phenology, distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

Genus Itauara Müller [22]

Itauara Müller, 1888:275 [Type species: Antoptila brasiliana Mosely, 1939a, subsequent selection of Flint et al., 1999a]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:46 [revision, key to species]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:1, 31 [review of genus, phylogeny, diagnosis; key to Protoptilinae genera].

Antoptila Mosely, 1939a:219 [Type species: Antoptila brasiliana Mosely, 1939a, original designation]. —Angrisano, 1993:59 [larval and adult characterization]. —Flint et al., 1999a:74 [to synonymy].

Robertson and Holzenthal (2011) revised this exclusively South American genus, adding 18 new species to the 4 previously known. Species are now known from Venezuela, Guyana, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. The immature stages of the type species were described by Angrisano (1993). They were found in a sandy bottom stream with scarce vegetation, mostly of Characeae algae on whose stems the pupae were fixed.

alexanderi Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:50 [Type locality: Brazil, Nova Friburgo, 22°16'00"S, 042°31'59” W, 950 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:9 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

amazonica (Flint), 1971c:13 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Marauiá, Endstation langer Cachoeira, Fluss tritt hier aus dem Gebirge mit starkem Gefálle; NMNH; ♂; in Antoptila]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:74 [to Itauara]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:52 [♂; redescription]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:9 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

bidentata Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:54 [Type locality: Guyana, Kumu, 25 km SE Lethem, 3°15'54"N, 59°43'36” W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Guyana.

blahniki Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:56 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Estação Biológica Boraceia, Rio Guaratuba, 23°40'02"S, 45°53'46"W, 775 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:9 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

brasiliana (Mosely), 1939a:220 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; BMNH; ♂; in Antoptila]. —Angrisano, 1993:59 [♀; larva; pupa; case; distribution]. —Angrisano, 1997b:58 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:74 [to Itauara]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:22 [♂; distribution]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:58 [♂; redescription]. —Manzo et al., 2014:166 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:9 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

charlotta Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:60 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serra do Cipó, Cardeal Mota, Cachoeira Veu da Noiva, 19°18'55"S, 43°36'16"W, 800 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:9 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

emilia Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:62 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Estação Biológica Boraceia, Rio Coruja, 23°40'06"S, 45°53'57"W, 850 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:9 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

flinti Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:65 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, Rio Galharada, 22°41'40"S, 45°27'47"W, 1530 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:9 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

guarani (Angrisano), 1993:57 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, Dto. Belgrano, río Urugua-í; MACN; ♂; ♀; in Antoptila]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:74 [to Itauara]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:67 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Argentina.

guyanensis Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:69 [Type locality: Guyana, Dubulay Ranch, Warniabo Cr., 5°39'48"N, 57°53'24"W [sic E]; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Guyana.

jamesii Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:71 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, trib. to Rio do Salto, Ibitipoca, Fazenda Engenho, 21°44'06"S, 43°53'56"W, 875 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:9 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

julia Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:73 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio Campo Belo, trail to Veu da Noiva, 22°25'42"S, 44°37'10"W, 1310 m; MZUSP; ♂; adult habitus]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:9 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:10 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

lucinda Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:75 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, small trib. to Rio Caparaó, Vale Verde, 20°25'02"S, 41°, 50'46"W, 1350 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:10 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

ovis Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:77 [Type locality: Guyana, Kanuku Mountains, Kumu River & Falls, 3°15'54"N, 59°43'30"W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Guyana, Venezuela.

peruensis Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:79 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Manu Biosphere Reserve, Pakitza Biological Station, Trail 2, 1st stream, 12°07'00"S, 70°58'00"W, 250 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

plaumanni (Flint), 1974a:7 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; NMNH; ♂; in Antoptila]. —Angrisano, 1993:59 [♀; distribution]. —Angrisano, 1997b:58 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:74 [to Itauara]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:81 [♂; redescription]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:10 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

rodmani Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:83 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Corrego das Aguas Pretas & tribs., ca. 15 km S Aiuruoca, 22°03'42"S, 44°38'14"W, 1386 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:10 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

simplex Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:86 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina, Cachoeira dos Posses, 22°46'26"S, 44°36'15"W, 1250 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:10 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

spiralis Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:88 [Type locality: Guyana, Paramakatoi, 4°42'00"N, 59°42'48"W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Guyana.

stella Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:90 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Estação Biológica Boraceia, Rio Venerando & tribs, 23°39'11"S, 45°53'25"W, 850 m; UZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:10 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

tusci Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:92 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Rio das Flores, Macaé de Cima, 10 km SE Mury, 1000 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:10 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

unidentata Robertson and Holzenthal, 2011:94 [Type locality: Guyana, Kanuku Mountains, Kumu River & Falls, 3°15'54"N, 59°43'30"W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Guyana.

Genus Mastigoptila Flint [9]

Mastigoptila Flint, 1967a:49 [Type species: Mastigoptila curvicornuta Flint, 1967a, original designation]. —Schmid, 1958b:191 [diagnosis of Chilean species, as Antoptila]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:1, 33 [review of genus, phylogeny, diagnosis; key to Protoptilinae genera].

The 9 species of Mastigoptila are known only from the Chilean Subregion of the Neotropics. Valverde and Miserendino (1998) fully described the larva and pupa of Mastigoptila longicornuta, and presented data on its population densities and physical characteristics of the stream. Adults are commonly taken at light near fast-flowing rivers and streams.

bicornuta (Schmid), 1958b:192 [Type locality: Chile, Ñuble, Tregualemu; NMNH; ♂; in Antoptila]. —Flint 1967a:50 [to Mastigoptila]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

brevicornuta (Schmid), 1958b:192 [Type locality: Chile, Chiloé, Aulen; NMNH; ♂; in Antoptila]. —Flint 1967a:50 [to Mastigoptila, distribution]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

complicornuta Holzenthal, 2004:111 [Type locality: Chile, VIII Región del Bío-Bío, Bío-Bío, small trib. to Río Queco, 5 km E Ralco, 37°51.619'S, 71°36.257'W, el. 500 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Chile.

curvicornuta Flint, 1967a:50 [Type locality: Chile, Ñuble, Río Ñuble about 80 km. north of Los Angeles; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

ecornuta Flint, 1974a:9 [Type locality: Chile, Arauco, Caramavida; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

elae Holzenthal, 2004:113 [Type locality: Chile, VII Región del Araucania, Cautín, nr. Pucon; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Chile.

longicornuta (Schmid), 1958b:193 [Type locality: Chile, Ñuble, Los Pellines; NMNH; ♂; in Antoptila]. —Flint 1967a:50, 51 [to Mastigoptila, distribution]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist]. —Valverde and Miserendino, 1998:49 [larva; pupa; biology]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Miserendino and Brand, 2007:312 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:29 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

ruizi (Navás), 1933c:110 [Type locality: Chile, Bío-Bío; DEI; ♂; in Mortoniella]. —Flint, 1974e:83, 86 [to Mastigoptila, distribution]. —Flint, 1990:116 [♂ lectotype].

—duplicicornuta (Schmid), 1964:311 [Type locality: Chile, Liucura, Malleco; NMNH; ♂; in Antoptila]. —Flint 1967a:50 [to Mastigoptila, distribution]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist]. —Flint, 1990:116 [to synonymy]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

ventricornuta Flint, 1967a:51 [Type locality: Chile, Valdivia, Río Llancahue; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Merionoptila Schmid [1]

Merionoptila Schmid, 1959:477 [Type species: Merionoptila wygodzinskyi Schmid, 1959, original designation].

The immature stages are not known for this monotypic genus, but the biology of the adult was described by Schmid (1959). The small, brachypterous adults live on the surface of the water of small streams flowing through high elevation, xerophytic areas.

wygodzinskyi Schmid, 1959:482 [Type locality: Argentina, Tucumán, Quebrada de Amaicha; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008:222 [checklist, distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

Genus Mortoniella Ulmer [97]

Mortoniella Ulmer, 1906:95 [Type species: Mortoniella bilineata Ulmer, 1906, by monotypy]. —Flint 1963a:465 [description], —Flint, 1996b:381 [key]. —Sykora 1999:377 [review]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:1 [revision of Central American species]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:1 [revision of austral South American species]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:1, 34 [review of genus, phylogeny, diagnosis; key to Protoptilinae genera].

Mexitrichia Mosely, 1937:158 [Type species: Mexitrichia leroda Mosely, 1937, original designation]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:9 [to synonymy].

Paraprotoptila Jacquemart, 1963:342 [Type species: Paraprotoptila armata Jacquemart, 1963, by monotypy]. —Flint et al., 1999a:74 [to synonymy].

The 97 described species of Mortoniella are known from Mexico, Central, and South America as far south as Argentina and southeastern Brazil. Flint (1963a) and Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo (1993) described the immature stages. They are commonly found in fast-flowing rivers and streams on stones and boulders; the adults come readily to lights placed near these habitats.

acauda Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:8 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Urubici, Cachoeira Avencal, 28°02'50"S, 049°37'00"W, 1260 m; MZUSP; ♂; leroda species group, albolineata subgroup]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:11 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

aequalis (Flint), 1963a:472 [Type locality: Peru, Río Pichis, Puerto Bermudez; CU; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [to Mortoniella; ormina species group].

Distribution. Peru.

agosta Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:8 [Type locality, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Macaé, Macaé de Cima, 22°23'41"S, 042°30'08"W, 1000 m; MZUSP; ♂; leroda species group, albolineata subgroup]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:11 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

akantha Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:11 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José: Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Quebrada Sanguijuela, 10°09'36"N, 83°57'47"W, 800 m; UMSP; ♂; leroda species group].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

albolineata Ulmer, 1907a:44 [Type locality: Brazil, Sta. Catharina [sic]; PAN; ♀; ♂ unnoticed in series]. —Mosely 1939a:218 [from Mortoniella to Antoptila?, distribution]. —Flint 1963a:465. —Flint, 1966a:2 [to Mexitrichia, ♂ lectotype, teutonia erroneously to synonymy]. —Flint, 1972b:225 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008:223 [checklist, distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:69 [leroda species group]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:10 [♂; redescription; distribution; albolineata subgroup]. —Manzo et al., 2014:167 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:11 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

alicula Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:47 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Macaé, Macaé de Cima, 22°23'41"S, 042°30'08"W, 1000 m; MZUSP; ♂; ormina species group]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:11 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

anakantha Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:14 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Bellavista trib., Las Alturas, road to quarry, 08°57'07"N, 82°50'53"W, 1480 m; UMSP; ♂; leroda species group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

angulata Flint, 1963a:468 [Type locality: Ecuador, stream 11 miles west of Pujilí; NMNH; ♂; larva; pupa]. —Sykora, 1999:386 [bilineata group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

apiculata Flint, 1963a:466 [Type locality: Ecuador, 1 mile east of Papallacta; NMNH; ♂; larva; pupa]. —Knutson and Flint, 1979:32 [Empididae predators in pupal cocoons]. —Sykora, 1999:386 [bilineata group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

argentinica Flint, 1974a:13 [Type locality: Argentina, Catamarca, N. Aconquija; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Sykora, 1999:386 [argentinica group]. —Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008:224 [checklist, distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:67 [♂; redescription; unplaced]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

aries (Flint), 1963a:470 [Type locality: Ecuador, Napo-Pastaza Province, Río Chingual, 8 miles east of El Pun; NMNH; ♂; immature larva; pupa; in Mexitrichia]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [to Mortoniella; ormina species group].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru.

armata (Jacquemart), 1963:342 [Type locality: Argentina [San Juan Province], Rio Sasso; IRSNB; ♂; in Paraprotoptila]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:74 [to Mexitrichia, no specimen on type slide]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:69 [to Mortoniella, leroda species group]. —Manzo et al., 2014:167 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

asymmetris Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:12 [Type locality: Paraguay, Amambay, Cerro Cora, Río Aquidaban; NMNH; ♂; leroda species group, albolineata subgroup]. —Souza et al., 2013a:3 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:11 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Paraguay.

atenuata (Flint), 1963a:473 [Type locality: Peru, Río Pichis, Puerto Bermudez; CU; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Flint, 1996b:382 [discussion, distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:69 [to Mortoniella; leroda species group].

Distribution. Peru.

aviceps Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:16 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito & tribs., 10°12'58"N, 84°36'25"W, 980 m; UMSP; ♂; leroda species group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

bifurcata Sykora, 1999:382 [Type locality: Venezuela, Yacambu, 1200 m; NMNH; ♂; flinti group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

bilineata Ulmer, 1906:97 [Type locality: Ecuador, Chimbo; RNH; ♂]. —Flint 1963a:466 [♂]. —Flint, 1991:22 [♂; distribution]. —Sykora 1999:386 [bilineata group]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:61 [female].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

bocaina Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:55 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina, Cachoeira dos Posses, 22°46'26"S, 044°36'15"W, 1250 m; ♂; ♀; MZUSP; velasquezi species group]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:11 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

bolivica (Schmid), 1958b:193 [Type locality: Bolivia, Coroico; NMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008:223 [checklist, distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:69 [to Mortoniella; leroda species group].

Distribution. Bolivia.

brachyrhachos Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:18 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Loxicha, Pluma Hidalgo, 450 m; ♂; IBUNAM; leroda species group].

Distribution. Mexico.

buenoi Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:19 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Loxicha, Pluma Hidalgo, 450 m; ♂; IBUNAM; leroda species group].

Distribution. Mexico.

carinula Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:22 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, Quebrada Segunda @ administration building, 9°45'40"N, 83°47'13"W, 1250 m; UMSP; ♂; leroda species group].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

catarinensis (Flint), 1974a:12 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; NMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [to Mortoniella; ormina species group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:49 [♂; redescription]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:11 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

caudicula Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:24 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Pizote, ca. 5 km (air) S Brasilia, 10°58'19"N, 85°20'42"W, 390 m; UMSP; ♂; leroda species group].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

chicana Sykora, 1999:378 [Type locality: Eduador, Chin. [sic], Rio Chicana, 880 m, 5 km N Yanzantza; NMNH; ♂; bilineata group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

collegarum (Rueda Martín and Gibon), 2008:216 [Type locality: Bolivia, Tarija: O´Connor, Saladito Ríver, 21°18'28"S, 64°7'2.8"W, 900 m; ♂; IML; in Mexitrichia]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:51 [♂; redescription; to Mortoniella, ormina species group].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Chile.

crescentis Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:14 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Campo Belo, trail to Veu da Noiva, 22°25'42"S, 044°37'10"W, 1310 m; MZUSP; ♂; leroda species group, albolineata subgroup]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:10 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:12 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

denticulata Sykora, 1999:382 [Type locality: Venezuela, Me. [sic], Rt. 4, 27 km W Merida; NMNH; ♂; flinti group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

dolonis Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:16 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Pedregulho, Riberão São Pedro, 20°09'07"S, 047°30'38"W, 617 m; MZUSP; ♂; leroda species group, albolineata subgroup]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:12 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

eduardoi (Rueda Martín and Gibon), 2008:216 [Type locality: Bolivia, La Paz, Yara River near Caranavi; ♂; IML; in Mexitrichia]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:53 [to Mortoniella, velasquezi species group].

Distribution. Bolivia.

elongata (Flint), 1963a:474 [Type locality: Colombia, Valle, Tablones, Finca la Florida; NMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Flint, 1991:20 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:69 [to Mortoniella; leroda species group].

Distribution. Colombia.

enchrysa Flint, 1991:24 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Risaralda, Termales de Santa Rosa de Cabal; NMNH; ♂]. —Sykora, 1999:386 [enchrysa group]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Colombia.

falcicula Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:24 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Puente Angel, Rt. 175, 1420 m; ♂; IBUNAM; leroda species group].

Distribution. Mexico.

flinti Sykora, 1999:382 [Type locality: Venezuela, Est. Exp. Cataurito, ca. 32 km E Villa; NMNH; ♂; flinti group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

florica (Flint), 1974a:10 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Río Tacolapan, route 180, km 551; NMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:192 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1192 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:27, 69 [♂; redescription; distribution; to Mortoniella; leroda species group].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua.

foersteri (Schmid), 1964:311 [Type locality: Columbia, Cundinamarca, Monterredondo; NMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Sykora, 1999:386 [to Mortoniella; bilineata group]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Colombia.

froehlichi Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:55 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parati, Riacho Perequê-açu, Sitio Cachoeira Grande, 23°13'14"S, 044°47'24"W, 120 m; ♂; ♀; MZUSP; velasquezi species group]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:12 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

guahybae Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011: 19 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, Rio Galharada, 22°41'40"S, 045°27'47"W, 1530 m; MZUSP; ♂; leroda species group, albolineata subgroup]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:12 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

guairica (Flint), 1974a:12 [Type locality: Paraguay, Salto de Guaira; NMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [to Mortoniella; incertae sedis]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:67 [♂; redescription; unplaced].

Distribution. Paraguay.

hodgesi Flint, 1963a:470 [Type locality: Ecuador, stream 5 miles south of Antisana; NMNH; ♂; larva; pupa]. —Sykora 1999:386 [bilineata group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

hystricosa Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:19 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Parque Ecológica Spitzkopf, confl. Rio Ouro & Rio Caeté, 27°00'21"S, 49°06'42"W, 140 m; MZUSP; ♂; leroda species group, albolineata subgroup]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:12 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

intervales Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:21 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Parque Estadual Intervales, Rio do Carmo, 24°18'59"S, 48°25'15"W, 560 m; MZUSP; ♂; leroda species group, albolineata subgroup]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:12 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

iridescens Flint, 1991:24 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, 12 km N Fredonia (road to Medellín); NMNH; ♂]. —Sykora 1999:386 [bilineata group]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Colombia.

latispina Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:24 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio Campo Belo, trail to Veu da Noiva, 22°25'42"S, 44°37'10"W, 1310 m; MZUSP; ♂; leroda species group, albolineata subgroup]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:10 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:12 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

leei (Flint), 1974a:12 [Type locality: Colombia, Valle, Río Raposo; NMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Flint, 1991:21 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:69 [to Mortoniella; leroda species group].

Distribution. Colombia.

leroda (Mosely), 1937:158 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Barranca Honda; BMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1192 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:29, 69 [♂; redescription; to Mortoniella; leroda species group]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua.

limona (Flint), 1981a:9 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Maracay, Río Limón, Estación Piscicultura; NMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:69 [to Mortoniella; leroda species group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

longispina Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:24 [Type locality: Brazil Santa Catarina, Urubici, Rio Canoas, road to Campo dos Padres, 28°00'15"S, 049°22'24"W, 1100 m; MZUSP; ♂; leroda species group, albolineata subgroup]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:12 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

macarenica (Flint), 1974a:11 [Type locality: Colombia, Meta, Refugio Macarena; NMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [to Mortoniella; ormina species group].

Distribution. Colombia.

macuta (Botosaneanu), 1998:460 [Type locality: Venezuela, Macuto, Rio del Teleferico, about 12 km N from the northern limits of Caracas; ZMUA; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:69 [to Mortoniella; leroda species group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

marini (Rueda Martín and Gibon), 2008:219 [Type locality: Bolivia, La Paz, small triburaty of the Unduavi River at Puente Villa, 16°24'03"S, 67°38'30"W; ♂; IML; in Mexitrichia]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:45 [to Mortoniella, leroda species group, punensis subgroup].

Distribution. Bolivia.

meloi Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:69 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Parque Estadual Intervales, Rio do Carmo, 24°18'59"S, 048°25'15"W, 560 m; MZUSP; ♂; unplaced]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:13 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

meralda (Mosely), 1954:342 [Type locality: Mexico, Huixtla; BMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:54 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1192 [checklist]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:32 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:31 [♂; redescription; to Mortoniella; leroda species group]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua.

mexicana Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:34 [Type locality: Mexico, Puebla, Patla; NMNH; ♂; leroda species group].

Distribution. Mexico.

munozi Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:34 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Río Chitaría, rt 10, 10 km NW Río Reventazón, 9°55'12"N, 83°36'14"W, 740 m; UMSP; ♂; leroda species group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

opinionis Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:37 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, Quebrada Palmitos & falls, ca. 9 km (road) NW tunnel, 9°43'12"N, 83°46'48"W, 1400 m; UMSP; ♂; leroda species group].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

ormina (Mosely), 1939a:222 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catharina [sic], Nova Teutonia; BMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [to Mortoniella; ormina species group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:53 [♂; redescription]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:13 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

pacuara (Flint), 1974a:11 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San Jose, Río General, Pacuare (10 miles S of San Isidro); NMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:54 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:39, 70 [♂; redescription; to Mortoniella; ormina species group].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica.

panamensis Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:42 [Type locality: Panama, San Blas, Río Carti Grande, 2 km W Nusagandi; NMNH; ♂; leroda species group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

papillata Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:44 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, ca. 0.7 km N Est. Maritza, 10°57'36"N, 85°30'00"E, 550 m; UMSP; ♂; leroda species group].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

paraenchrysa Sykora, 1999:381 [Type locality: Bolivia, La Paz, Coroico, 2200 m; NMNH; ♂; enchrysa group]. —Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008:224 [checklist, distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Bolivia.

paraguaiensis Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:26 [Type locality: Paraguay, Alto Parana, SE Naranja, ca. 20 km S. Pto. Stroessner; NMNH; ♂; leroda species group, albolineata subgroup].

Distribution. Paraguay.

paralineata Sykora, 1999:378 [Type locality: Eduador, Zamb.-Chin. [sic], Rio Jamboe, 1,340 m, 21 km S Zamora; NMNH; ♂; bilineata group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

parauna Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:28 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Paraúna, 3 km S Santana do Riacho, 19°10'59"S, 043°43'29"W, 650 m; MZUSP; ♂; leroda species group, albolineata subgroup]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:13 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

paraunota Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:31 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Seara (Nova Teutônia), 27°11'S, 052°23'W, 300-500 m; MZUSP; ♂; leroda species group, albolineata subgroup]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:13 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

pectinella Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:46 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriquí, Fortuna Dam Site nr. Hornitos, 1050 m; NMNH; ♂; leroda species group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

pocita (Flint), 1983a:8 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Salta, Río Pescado, W Orán; NMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008:223 [checklist, distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:69 [to Mortoniella; leroda species group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:39 [♂; redescription; pocita subgroup].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia.

propinqua Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:46 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Quebrada Sanguijuela, 10°09'36"N, 83°57'47"W, 800 m; UMSP; ♂; leroda species group].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

pumila Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:41 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Encontro dos Rios (Macaé/Bonito), 6 km S Lumiar, 22°23'29"S, 042°18'42"W, 600 m; MZUSP; ♂; leroda species group, pumila subgroup]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:13 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

punensis (Flint), 1983a:9 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Tucumán, Rt. 307, La Angostura; NMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008:223 [checklist, distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:69 [to Mortoniella; leroda species group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:45 [♂; redescription; punensis subgroup]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia.

pusilla Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:43 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Corrego Pitanga, upstream of confl. with Rio Santo Antônio, 19°05'40"S, 042°39'54"W, 238 m; MZUSP; ♂; leroda species group, pumila subgroup]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:13 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

quinuas Harper and Turcotte, 1985:137 [Type locality: Ecuador, Quinuas Valley near Cuenca, small affluents of Río Matadero, (79°09'W, 02°48'S); UMQ; ♂]. —Sykora 1999:384 [♂; flinti group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

rancura (Mosely), 1954:345 [Type locality: Mexico, Barranca Honda; BMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:49, 69 [♂; redescription; to Mortoniella; leroda species group]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

redunca Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:49 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Toro, 3.0 km (road) SW Bajos del Toro, 10°12'14"N, 84°18'58"W, 1530 m; UMSP; ♂; leroda species group]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:4 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

rodmani Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:52 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja, Quebrada Zopilote, 10°45'54"N, 85°18'32"W, 785 m; ♂; UMSP]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [Mortoniella, incertae sedis].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

roldani Flint, 1991:23 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Río Aurrá at km 50, E San Jerónimo; NMNH; ♂]. —Sykora 1999:386 [bilineata group]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Colombia.

rovira (Flint), 1974a:10 [Type locality: Panama, Rovira, Chiriquí, David; NMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Aguila, 1992:533 [distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:54 [♂; redescription; distribution; to Mortoniella, leroda species group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

santiaga Sykora, 1999:383 [Type locality: Ecuador, Morone, Santiago, 34 km SE Gualaceo, Rio Culebrillas, 2200 m; CMNH; ♂; flinti group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

sicula Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:56 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Río Tempisquito, Estación Maritza, 10°57'29"N, 85°29'49"W, 550 m; UMSP; ♂; leroda species group].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

similis Sykora, 1999:380 [Type locality: Eduador, Pich. [sic], Sto. Domingo do los Colorados, 14 km E; NMNH; ♂; bilineata group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

simla (Flint), 1974a:11 [Type locality: Trinidad, Simla; NMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:201 [distribution; ecology]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:7 [♀; larva; distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:70 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [distribution]. —Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008:224 [checklist, distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:69 [to Mortoniella; leroda species group].

Distribution. Bolivia, Trinidad, Venezuela.

spinulata (Flint), 1991:22 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Espadera, 7 km E Medellín (on road to Sta. Elena); NMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:69 [to Mortoniella; leroda species group].

Distribution. Colombia.

squamata Sykora, 1999:379 [Type locality: Eduador, Napo, 5 kms S Baeza, 1900 m; NMNH; ♂; bilineata group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

stilula Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:58 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Heredia, Río Bijagual, on road to Magsasay, 10°24'29"N, 84°04'34"W, 140 m; UMSP; ♂; leroda species group].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

tapanti Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:60 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva [Parque Nacional] Tapantí, Quebrada Palmitos & falls, ca. 9 km (road) NW tunnel, 9°43'12"N, 83°46'48"W, 1400 m; UMSP; ♂; leroda species group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

taurina Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:62 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Quebrada Platanillo, ca. 5 km E Moravia de Chirripó, 9°49'16"N, 83°24'25"W, 1130 m; UMSP; ♂; leroda species group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

teutona (Mosely), 1939a:223 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; BMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Flint 1963a:474 [distribution]. —Flint, 1966a:2 [erroneously to synonymy with albolineata]. —Flint, 1972b:226 [resurrected, distribution]. —Angrisano, 1997b:58 [distribution; as teutonia]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999b:27 [as teutonia]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:69 [to Mortoniella; leroda species group]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:364 [distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:31 [♂; redescription; distribution; albolineata subgroup]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:10 [distribution]. —Manzo et al., 2014:166 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:13 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

tranquilla Martynov, 1912:38 [Type locality: Peru, Callanga; ASL; ♀]. —Flint 1963a:465 [unidentifiable]. —Sykora, 1999:385 [unknown group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Peru.

tripuiensis Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:58 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Estação Ecológica do Tripuí, Córrego Tripuí, 20°23'22"S, 043°32'32"W, 1070 m; ♂; ♀; MZUSP; velasquezi species group]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:13 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

truncata Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:34 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, spring trib to Rio Macauba, near Pandeiros, 15°28'38"S, 044°44'38"W, 525 m; MZUSP; ♂; leroda species group, albolineata subgroup]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:14 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

umbonata Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:64 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriquí, Guadalupe Arriba, 8°52'26"N, 82°33'13"W; NMNH; ♂; leroda species group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

unilineata Sykora, 1999:385 [Type locality: Venezuela, Me [sic], 11 km SE Apartaderos; NMNH; ♂; argentinica group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

unota (Mosely), 1939a:223 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catharina [sic], Nova Teutonia; BMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Angrisano, 1997b:58 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:69 [to Mortoniella; leroda species group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:37 [♂; redescription; distribution; albolineata subgroup]. —Manzo et al., 2014:167 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:14 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

uruguaiensis Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:37 [Type locality: Uruguay, Artigas, San Gregorio, 30°33'S, 057°52'W; NMNH; ♂; leroda species group, albolineata subgroup]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:14 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Uruguay.

usseglioi (Rueda Martín and Gibon), 2008:219 [Type locality: Bolivia, Rio Tumusla (not very far from Tumusla and the crossing with the road Potosi-Tupiza); ♂; IML; in Mexitrichia]. NEW COMBINATION

Distribution. Bolivia.

velasquezi (Flint), 1991:22 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Río Aurrá at km 50, E San Jerónimo; NMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [to Mortoniella; velasquezi species group].

Distribution. Colombia.

wygodzinskii (Schmid), 1958b:194 [Type locality: Argentina, Tucumán, Quebrada Los Sosa; NMNH; ♂; in Mexitrichia]. —Flint 1963a:465 [possibly a species of Mortoniella]. —Knutson and Flint, 1979:32 [Empididae predators in pupal cocoons]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Sykora, 1999:385 [to Mortoniella, wygodzinskii group; distribution]. —Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008:224 [checklist, distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008:70 [bilineata species group]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011:63 [♂; redescription]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela.

Genus Protoptila Banks [87]

Protoptila Banks, 1904c:215 [Type species: Beraea ? maculata Hagen, 1861, original designation]. —Mosely, 1937:152 [♀; description]. —Mosely, 1954:318 [description]. —Flint, 1971c:13 [key]. —Flint 1996b:381 [key]. —Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:1 [revision of Costa Rican species]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:1, 38 [review of genus, phylogeny, diagnosis; key to Protoptilinae genera].

Eighty-seven species and subspecies are presently known from Mexico, Central, and South America, including the Lesser Antilles, but many undescribed species undoubtedly occur in nature. The larvae have been described a number of times (e.g., Ross 1944, Wiggins 1996, Valverde and Abelando 2006) for both North and South American species. They are found on rocks in flowing waters. Gut contents were of fine organic particles with some diatoms (Wiggins 1996). Adults fly in large numbers to lights placed near rivers.

alexanderi Ross, 1941:48 [Type locality: United States, Texas, San Antonio, San Antonio River; INHS; ♂]. —Mosely 1954:327 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Flint, 1963a:464 [larval diagnosis]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:7, 11 [distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:21 [distribution; biology].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

altura Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:4 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Cotón, in Las Alturas, 8°56'17"N, 82°49'34"W, el. 1360 m; ♂; UMSP]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:4 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

alumnorum Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008:219 [Type locality: Bolivia, Rio Yara, at the crossing with the road Caranavi/Quiquibey; ♂; IML].

Distribution. Bolivia.

bicornuta Flint, 1963a:475 [Type locality: Honduras, Lancetilla, August; MCZ; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution]. —Holzenthal 1988c:54 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:7 [♂; diagnosis; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.

boruca Flint, 1974a:18 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, Río General, Pacuare; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:54 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:7 [♂; diagnosis; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

bribri Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:9 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Pizote, ca. 5 km (air) S Brasilia, 10°58'19"N, 85°20'42"W, el. 390 m; ♂; UMSP].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

burica Flint, 1974a:17 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, 2.8 miles E of Golfito; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:54 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:12 [♂; diagnosis; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

cana Flint, 1974a:18 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Río Corobici, Las Canas; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:534 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:54 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:12 [♂; diagnosis; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

cardela Mosely, 1954:336 [Type locality: Mexico, Vera Cruz, Cardel; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

chitaria Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:13 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Río Chitaría, rt 10, 10 km NW Río Reventazón, 9°55'12"N, 83°36'14"W, el. 740 m; ♂; UMSP]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:4 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

choluteca Flint, 1974a:16 [Type locality: Honduras, Valle, Nacaome; NMNH; ♂]. —Maes, 1999:1192 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist].

Distribution. Honduras, Nicaragua.

chontala Flint, 1974a:16 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Río Puyacatengo, E of Teapa; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

colombiensis Flint, 1974a:14 [Type locality: Colombia, Valle, Río Raposo; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

condylifera Flint, 1971c:16 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Río Marauiá, Endstation vor langer Cachoeira, fluss tritt hier aus dem Gebirge mit starkem Gefälle; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:14 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

cora Flint, 1983a:9 [Type locality: Paraguay, Dpto. Aquidabán, Cerro Corá; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:14 [checklist].

Distribution. Paraguay.

cristata Flint, 1967b:4 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Cuitlahuac; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

cristula Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:18 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Pizote, ca. 5 km (air) S Brasilia, 10°58'19"N, 085°20'42"W, el. 390 m; ♂; UMSP]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua.

ctenacantha Flint, 1974c:13 [Type locality: Suriname, Coeroeni-eiland; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

ctilopsis Flint, 1974c:15 [Type locality: Suriname, Brownsberg, mountain creek near Golddiggers camp; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

curiosa Flint, 1974a:15 [Type locality: Colombia, Valle, Río Raposo; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

delaca Mosely, 1954:333 [Type locality: Mexico, Vera Cruz, Cardel; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

diablita Robertson and Holzenthal, 2008:466 [Type locality: Bolivia, La Paz, ANMI (Área Natural de Manejo Integrado) Madidi, Raya Mayo river at Wabacuro trail, Chalalan Ecolodge, 14°26'33"S, 67°54'39"W, 351 m; ♂; UASC; discussion of scales on this species].

Distribution. Bolivia.

disticha Flint, 1971c:18 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Solimões, bei der Mündung Ipixuna; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:14 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

dominicensis Flint, 1968b:7 [Type locality: Dominica, Morne Nicholls; NMNH; ♂; larva; pupa]. —Malicky, 1983:264 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:35 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:256 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:55 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe.

dubitans Mosely, 1939a:221 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; BMNH; ♂]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Cohen, 2004:76 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Valverde and Abelando, 2006:12 [larva; pupa; distribution]. —Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008:224 [checklist, distribution]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:23 [♂; distribution]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2008:470 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:14 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay.

ensifera Flint, 1971c:16 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Cuieiras, Cachoeira da Traira; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974c:12 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1992d:64 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:15 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

erotica Ross, 1938b:113 [Type locality: U.S.A., Wyoming, along North Platte River; INHS; ♂; ♀]. —Houghton, 2001:90 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:32 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:185 [phenology, distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

fimbriata Flint, 1981a:8 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Maracay, Río Limón, Estación Piscicultura; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1991:24 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

flexispina Flint, 1971c:18 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Solimões, Igarapé Uarini, 20 km oberhalb; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:15 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

goitiai Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008:220 [Type locality: Bolivia, Cochabamba, from a small tributary of the Rio Espiritu Santo (Chipiriri near Villa Tunari), 16°50'45"S, 65°25'33W; IML; ♂].

Distribution. Bolivia.

guarani Flint, 1974a:18 [Type locality: Paraguay, Salto de Guaira; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist].

Distribution. Paraguay.

guata Mosely, 1954:331 [Type locality: Mexico, Sinaloa, Badiraguata; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:32 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

huasteca Flint, 1967b:4 [Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosí, 25 miles north of Tamazunchale; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

huava Flint, 1974a:15 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Jaltepec, Isthmus of Tehuantepec; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

ignera Flint, 1974a:16 [Type locality: Trinidad, Simla; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:201 [biology]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:7 [♀; larva; distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:69 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [distribution].

Distribution. Tobago, Trinidad.

ixtala Mosely, 1937:156 [Type locality: Mexico, Huixtla; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:55 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1192 [checklist]. —Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:19 [♂; diagnosis; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua.

jolandae Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:19 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito & tribs., 10°12'58"N, 84°36'25"W, el. 980 m; ♂; UMSP].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

julieta Robertson and Holzenthal, 2008:470 [Type locality: Bolivia, Cochabamba, Paracticito, R. San Rafaél, Pte. “Panchito,” nr. P.N. Carrasco station, 17°03'39"S, 65°28'58"W, 438 m; ♂; UASC]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Peru.

kjeri Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:22 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Pizote, ca. 5 km (air) S Brasilia, 10°58'19"N, 85°20'42"W, el. 390 m; ♂; UMSP]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

laterospina Flint, 1967b:3 [Type locality: Costa Rica, La Lola; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:55 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:534 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:25 [♂; diagnosis; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

leonilae Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1995:88 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Totoltepec; IBUNAM; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

liqua Mosely, 1954:327 [Type locality: Mexico, Liquidamber; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

locula Mosely, 1954:322 [Type locality: Mexico, Caracuara; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

longispinata Santos and Nessimian, 2009c:724 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, tributary to Rio Branquinho, 2°31'24.6"S, 60°20'05.3"W; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:15 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

lorada Mosely, 1954:333 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrera, Tierra Colorada; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

lucia Flint, 1974c:12 [Type locality: Suriname, Lucie River, Camp, Wilhelmina Mountains Expedition; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

macilenta Flint, 1971c:19 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Pará], Rio Tocantins, im Hause des Ingenieurs von Rio Impex; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:30 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:15 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

malica Mosely, 1954:324 [Type locality: Mexico, Colima; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

mara Flint, 1971c:16 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Marauiá, Endstation vor langer Cachoeira, fluss tritt hier aus dem Gebirge mit starkem Gefälle; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:15 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

marqua Flint, 1967b:3 [Type locality: Mexico, Las Cruces National Park, La Marquesa; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:32 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

mayana Flint, 1974a:17 [Type locality: Belize [British Honduras], Cayo, Blancaneaux lodge; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Belize.

mina Flint, 1974c:13 [Type locality: Suriname, Wilhelmina Mountains, Linker Coppename River, Zuid Creek; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

misionensis Flint, 1972b:226 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones Province, Mbopicua, near Puerto Rico; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist]. —Valverde and Abelando, 2006:14 [larva; pupa; distribution]. —Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008:224 [checklist, distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia.

mixteca mixteca Flint, 1974a:17 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Tamazulapan; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:193 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

mixteca veracruzensis Flint, 1974a:17 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Fortín de las Flores; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:194 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

myriamae Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008:220 [Type locality: Bolivia, Rio Ilenez in Versalles, 12°39'39"S, 63°22'22"W; IML; ♂].

Distribution. Bolivia.

olvidada Bueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso and Barba-Álvarez, 2004:479 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Loxicha, Pluma Hidalgo, el. 450 m; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

orotina orotina Flint, 1974a:13 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, 9 miles NW of Esparta; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:55 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:534 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:25 [♂; diagnosis; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

orotina raposa Flint, 1974a:13 [Type locality: Colombia, Valle, Río Raposo; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:478 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Peru.

perdida Bueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso and Barba-Álvarez, 2004:480 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Pipeline Road; CAS; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

phyllisae Bueno-Soria, 1983b:450 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Agua Azul, 59 km southwest from Palenque; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

piacha Mosely, 1954:322 [Type locality: Mexico, Tierra Colorada; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:194 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

primerana (Weyenbergh), 1881:133 [Type locality: Argentina, Córdoba, Primero brook; type depository unknown; larva; in Rhiacophila (sic)]. —Flint et al., 1999a:74 [systematic position, to Protoptila].

Distribution. Argentina.

pseudopiacha Bueno-Soria, 1984b:393 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Guelatao; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

quicha Flint, 1974a:15 [Type locality: Guatemala, Chimaltenango, Tecpán; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Guatemala.

quinoi Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1979:477 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Balzapote; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

resolda Mosely, 1937:157 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Dolores; BMNH; ♂]. —Maes, 1999:1192 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:194 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:32 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua.

rota Mosely, 1937:152 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Dolores; BMNH; ♂]. —Maes, 1999:1192 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:194 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua.

salta Mosely, 1937:154 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Dolores; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint 1963a:475 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:194 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1193 [checklist]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua.

simplex Flint, 1971c:15 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Pará], Rio Tocantins, im Hause des Ingenieurs von Rio Impex; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974c:11 [♂; distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:15 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

spangleri Flint, 1967b:5 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Cuitlahuac; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:194 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

spirifera Flint, 1974a:14 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Ojo de Agua, route 2, km 75; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:55 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:28 [♂; diagnosis; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

strepsicera Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:28 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Limón, Reserva Biológica Hitoy-Cerere, Río Cerere, Est. Miramar, 9°40'16"N, 83°01'41"W, el. 90 m; ♂; UMSP].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

talamanca Flint 1974a:14 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, 3 miles W of Turrialba; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:55 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:30 [♂; diagnosis; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

tarahumara Bueno-Soria, 2010:23 [Type locality: Mexico, Chihuahua, Sierra Tarahumara, Urique, Río Urique, 27°13'51"N, 107°53'05"W, el. 575 m; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

techila Mosely, 1954:324 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Río Chiltepec; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:194 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

ternatia Flint, 1971c:17 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Solimões, Igarapé Uarini, 20 km oberhalb; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:15 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

tetravittata Flint, 1971c:17 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Cuieiras, Igarapé Cachoeira, bei dem Wasserfall Pedra dos Indios; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:15 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

tica Bueno-Soria, 1984b:392 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Corcovado, Estación Sirena; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:55 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:30 [♂; diagnosis; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

ticumanensis Bueno-Soria, 1984b:392 [Type locality: Mexico, Morelos, Ticuman; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:32 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

tojana Mosely, 1954:331 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Jonata; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint 1963a:476 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:194 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint 1988:2 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:55 [distribution]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:478 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1193 [checklist]. —Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:32 [♂; diagnosis; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:40 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru.

trichoglossa Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2006:34 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Bellavista, ca. 1.5 km NW Las Alturas, 8°57'04"N, 82°50'46"W, el. 1400 m; ♂; UMSP]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:4 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

trispicata Flint, 1971c:17 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Cachoeira do Gigante; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:16 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

truncata Flint, 1983a:10 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Puerto Libertad; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina.

uruguayensis Angrisano, 1997b:56 [Type locality: Uruguay, Salto, Salto Grande, en la cascada; FHCU; ♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist].

Distribution. Uruguay.

voluta Flint, 1991:25 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada La Jiménez, Sopetrán (trap C); NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

yurumanga Flint, 1974a:18 [Type locality: Colombia, Valle, Río Raposo; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

Genus Scotiotrichia Mosely [1]

Scotiotrichia Mosely, 1934b:160 [Type species: Scotiotrichia ocreata Mosely, 1934b, original designation]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:1, 39 [review of genus, phylogeny, diagnosis; key to Protoptilinae genera].

A single species is known in the genus, endemic to the Chilean Subregion. Its immature stages have not been described.

ocreata Mosely, 1934b:160 [Type locality: Argentina, Terr. Rio Negro, Bariloche; BMNH; ♂]. —Schmid, 1958b:194 [as acreata, misspelling of ocreata]. —Flint 1963a:477 [description; distribution]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:39 [♂]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Tolhuaca Schmid [2]

Tolhuaca Schmid, 1964:336 [Type species: Tolhuaca cupulifera Schmid, 1964, original designation]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2005:53 [revision, phylogeny, biogeography]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2013:1, 40 [review of genus, phylogeny, diagnosis; key to Protoptilinae genera].

The genus now contains 2 disjunct species, one in southern Chile and one in southeastern Brazil. Nothing is known of the immature stages or their biology. Robertson and Holzenthal (2005) discussed the biogeography of the genus and speculated that the disjunct occurrence of the 2 species represents relicts of a more widespread southern Gondwanan ancestor.

brasiliensis Robertson and Holzenthal, 2005:62 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Parque Estadual Campos do Jordão, 1st order trib. to Rio Galharada, 22°41'40"S, 45°27'47"W, 1530 m; MZUSP; ♂; female]. —Spies and Froehlich, 2009:215 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:16 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

cupulifera Schmid, 1964:337 [Type locality: Chile, Pichinahuel, Arauca; NMNH; ♂; in Sericostomatidae]. —Flint 1967a:52 [rectification of transposition of wing figures in original description, to Glossosomatidae, Protoptilinae, distribution]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist]. —Robertson and Holzenthal, 2005:57 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Chile.

Family Helicophidae

The 43 extant species in this family occur on both sides of the southern Pacific Ocean. Four genera and 27 species are known from Australia, New Caledonia, and New Zealand and five genera and 16 species are found in southern Chile and Argentina. Johanson and Keijsner (2008) reviewed the family and provided a hypothesis of its phylogeny.

The immature stages of several Australian-New Zealand genera are known (Cowley 1978, Dean et al. 2004) as are those of the Patagonian genera Eosericostoma and Austrocentrus (Flint 1992e, 1997). Larvae build cases of sand grains or plant material and live in clear streams in forested areas.

Genus Alloecentrellodes Flint [2]

Alloecentrellodes Flint, 1979:646 [Type species: Alloecentrellodes obliquus Flint, 1979, original designation].

The two species known in this genus are associated with small, clear, cold, fast-flowing streams in forested areas (Flint 1979). The immature stages are unknown.

elongatus Flint, 1979:649 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Ñuble, Recinto; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Chile.

obliquus Flint, 1979:646 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Malleco, Parque Nacional Contulmo (near boundary of Prov. Arauco); NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Austrocentrus Schmid [3]

Austrocentrus Schmid, 1964:337 [Type species: Austrocentrus griseus Schmid, 1964, original designation; in Sericostomatidae]. —Flint 1979:646 [to Helicophidae]. —Flint, 1997:99 [revision, immature stages].

Flint’s (1997) revision of this genus raised the number of species in Austrocentrus to three. He also described the larvae, pupae, and cases of Austrocentrus valgiformis and discussed its biology. Larvae are found in small rocky streams with clear water and moderate flow in forested regions, and are usually associated with aquatic moss (Flint 1997, Brand 2009).

bifidus Flint, 1997:106 [Type locality: Chile, Capt. Prat, 25 km S Cochrane; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Chile.

griseus Schmid, 1964:338 [Type locality: Chile, Arauco, Pichinahuel; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Flint 1997:104 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Chile.

valgiformis Flint, 1997:103 [Type locality: Chile, Malleco, [West of Paso] Pino Hachado; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; case]. —Brand, 2009:223 [distribution]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:35 [biology; habitat]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Eosericostoma Schmid [2]

Eosericostoma Schmid, 1955a:156 [Type species: Eosericostoma inaequispinum Schmid, 1955a, original designation; in Sericostomatidae]. —Flint, 1992e:494 [revision, immature stages, to Helicophidae].

Two species are known in Eosericostoma. Both are common and widespread in central Chile. The larval stages of Eosericostoma inaequispina have been described (Flint 1992e). The larval case is broad and flat, like those of the European genus Thremma, and constructed of sand grains and some plant fragments. Brand and Miserendino (2011b) studied the ecology and life history of Eosericostoma aequispina in Argentina and found the species to be univoltive, with a larval development time of 11 months; larvae were scrapers. Adult emergence was synchronous and occurred in February.

aequispina Schmid, 1955a:157 [Type locality: Chile, Chiloé, Aucár; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Flint, 1992e:504 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011b:142 [life history]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

inaequispina Schmid, 1955a:156 [Type locality: Chile, Santiago [now Prov. Cordillera], El Manzano; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Flint, 1992e:500 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; redescription; distribution].

—aequispina Schmid, 1957:394 [misidentification, in part - series from Tregualemu]. —Schmid, 1964:339 [misidentification, in part - series from Curacautín, and series from Pillim-Pilli mixed]. —Flint, 1992e:500 [reidentification].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Microthremma Schmid [8]

Microthremma Schmid, 1955a:148 [Type species: Microthremma crassifimbriatum Schmid, 1955a, original designation; in Thremmidae]. —Flint, 1979:646 [to Helicophidae]. —Flint, 2002b:225 [revision, key to males].

With eight species, Microthremma is the largest genus in the family in the Western Hemisphere. The immature stages have not been described. Adults have been collected near small streams and spring runs (Flint 1983a).

angulatum Flint, 2002b:226 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Ñuble, Recinto; NMNH; ♂; crassifimbriatum complex].

Distribution. Chile.

bipartitum Flint, 1983a:90 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Chiloé, Dalcahue; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 2002b:230 [distribution; griseum complex].

Distribution. Chile.

caudatum Flint, 1969b:511 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Concepción, Fundo Pinares, near Concepción; NMNH; ♂; in Sericostomatidae]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Flint, 2002b:231 [distribution; griseum complex].

Distribution. Chile.

crassifimbriatum Schmid, 1955a:149 [Type locality: Chile, Ñuble, Recinto; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Flint, 2002b:226 [♂; redescription; distribution; crassifimbriatum complex].

Distribution. Chile.

griseum Schmid, 1957:394 [Type locality: Chile, Arauco, Butamalal; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Flint, 2002b:231 [distribution; griseum complex].

Distribution. Chile.

lobatum Flint, 2002b:231 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Valdivia, Las Trancas, W. La Union; NMNH; ♂; griseum complex].

Distribution. Chile.

patagonicum Flint, 2002b:228 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Neuquén, 3 km W. Estación Forestal Purará; NMNH; ♂; crassifimbriatum complex].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

villosum Schmid, 1957:395 [Type locality: Chile, Arauco, Caramavida; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Flint, 2002b:230 [distribution; crassifimbriatum complex].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Pseudosericostoma Schmid [1]

Pseudosericostoma Schmid, 1957:395 [Type species: Pseudosericostoma simplississimum Schmid, 1957, original designation; in Sericostomatidae]. —Flint 1983a:90 [to Helicophidae].

The single species, Pseudosericostoma simplississimum, is only known from the single adult type. The larva and its biology are not known.

simplississimum Schmid, 1957:396 [Type locality: Chile, Arauco, Pichinahuel; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:92 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

Family Helicopsychidae

Well over 250 species are currently recognized in this small, primarily tropical family, which has been cataloged (Johanson 1995) and assessed phylogenetically (Johanson 1998). All of the species, except one, belong in the genus Helicopsyche, following the synonymization of 4 previosuly recognized genera. The only other genus in the family recongnized by Johanson (1998), Rakiura, is endemic to New Zealand and contains a single species. Helicopsyche is cosmopolitan in distribution, and comprises over 120 species in the Neotropics, including three fossil species.

All known larvae build cases in the general form of a snail shell, but there is great diversity in the height of the case, number and tightness of whorls, size, nature, and degree of minerals and silk incorporated, etc. (Cowley 1978, Flint 1968a, Wiggins 1996). Larvae appear to be periphyton scrapers on rocks in moderate to slow flowing sections of streams or wave-washed shores (Resh et al., 1984).

Genus Helicopsyche Siebold [121 + †3]

Cochliopsyche Müller, 1885:201 [Type species: Tetanonema clarum Ulmer, 1905a, subsequent selection of Ulmer, 1955]. —Flint, 1986:213 [review]. —Monson et al., 1988:158 [diagnosis]. —Schmid, 1993:97 [diagnosis]. —Johanson, 1995:107 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:128 [as subgenus of Helicopsyche]. —Johanson, 2003d:384 [review]. —Wichard, 2007a:35 [diagnosis].

Tetanonema Ulmer 1905a:17 [Type species: Tetanonema clarum Ulmer 1905a, by monotypy]. —Ulmer, 1955:589 [as synonym of Cochliopsyche].

Helicopsyche Siebold, 1856:38 [Type species: Helicopsyche shuttleworthi Siebold, 1856, subsequent selection of Flint, 1964a]. —Schmid, 1993:67 [diagnosis]. —Johanson, 1995:101 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998 [revision; phylogeny; biogeography].

Feropsyche Johanson, 1998:131 [Type species: Notidobia borealis Hagen, 1861, original designation, as subgenus, phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:16 [revision; key; new species]. —Wichard, 2007a:37 [diagnosis].

The genus has been recorded from all biogeographical regions, except Antarctica (Johanson 1998), but by far the greatest species diversity occurs in the tropics of Asia, including Australia, and the Americas, between 5-30°N and 15-45°S (Johanson 1997, 1998, Schmid 1993, Williams et al. 1983). Johanson (1998) revised the world fauna and placed all the Neotropical species in two subgenera, Feropsyche and Cochliopsyche. The subgenus Feropsyche, endemic to the Western Hemisphere, was reviewed by Johanson (2002). Johanson (2003d) rrevised the subgenus Cochliopsyche, endemic to Central and South America, redescribed the 4 previously known species, and added 12 new species. In addition, another ca. 30 species in the subgenus Feropsyche have been described by Johanson and collaborators from throughout the Neotropics (e.g., Johanson and Holzenthal 2004, 2010; Johanson and Malm 2006). In total, Helicopsyche comprises 123 species in the region, 16 in Cochliopsyche and 102 extant and 3 fossil species in Feropsyche. The three known fossil species are members of Feropsyche (Johanson and Wichard 1996).

Larvae construct helical cases of sand grains closely resembling the shells of snails. In fact, some of the American species were originally described as molluscs. Cases vary greatly among species in structure and composition (Flint 1968a, Botosaneanu and Sykora 1973, Ross 1975). Larvae, especially those of Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) borealis, have been described a number of times (Marlier 1964b, Wiggins 1996, Roldán-Pérez 1988). The immature stages of Helicopsyche (Cochliopysche) vazquezae were described in detail by Monson et al. (1988), who also discussed some aspects of the biology of the species. Larvae of Feropsyche are found in springs, streams, and rivers, and, in temperate areas, on the shores of lakes (Wiggins 1996); those of Cochliopysche seem to prefer medium to large rivers. The biology of Helicopsyche borealis is well known in comparison to other species (Resh et al., 1984, Vaughn 1985, Williams et al. 1983), although Maharaj and Alkins-Koo (1997) studied the population dynamics of Helicopsyche margaritensis (now Helicopsyche vergelana) on Trinidad. Adults are often attracted to lights in large numbers.

alajuela (Feropsyche) Johanson and Holzenthal, 2010:38 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tribs. 10.216°N, 84.607°W, el. 980 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

altercoma (Feropsyche) Botosaneanu and Flint, 1991b:178 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Dajabón Province, Río Massacre, Balneario El Salto, Loma de Cabrera; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 1991b:66 [biology]. —Johanson, 1995:108 [catalog]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:22 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:36 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:99 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:16 [♂; distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:8 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

amazona (Cochliopsyche) Johanson, 2003d:409 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus area, Rio Branquinho, Lager Tapiri; USNM; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:16 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

amica (Cochliopsyche) Johanson, 2003d:395 [Type locality: Venezuela, TFA, Puerto Ayacucho; MVC; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:16 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela.

angeloi (Feropsyche) Holzenthal, Blahnik and Calor, 2016:346 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Córrego das Águas Pretas & tribs., ca. 15 km S Aiuruoca, 22°03.704'S, 44°38.241'W, el. 1386 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Brazil.

angulata (Feropsyche) Flint, 1981a:37 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Maracay, Río Limón, Estación Piscicultura; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1991:103 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:108 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Johanson, 2002:119 [♂; distribution].—Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:29 [distribution].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela.

apicauda (Feropsyche) Flint, 1968b:77 [Type locality: Dominica, Pont Casse, 0.5 miles south; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; case]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:50 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:52 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:256 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:99 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:99 [♂; distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:56 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe.

auroa (Feropsyche) Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:11 [Type locality: Venezuela, Lara, P. N. [Parque Nacional] Terepaima, Río Auro near Sabana Alta, 9°44.740'N, 69°16.614'W, el. 480 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

blahniki (Cochliopsyche) Johanson, 2003d:401 [Type locality: Venezuela, Guarico, Hato Masuguaral, 45 km S Calabozo, 8.57°N, 67.58°W, el. 75 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:16 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela.

blancasi (Feropsyche) Schmid, 1958b:209 [Type locality: Peru, Rio Zapatilla; NMNH; ♂]. —Johanson, 1995:109 [catalog]. —Johanson, 2002:55 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Peru.

blantoni (Feropsyche) Johanson and Malm, 2006:4 [Type locality: Panama, Cerro Campana, R. Panama; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

borealis (Feropsyche) (Hagen), 1861:271 [Type locality: Canada, St. Lawrence River; MCZ; ♂; in Notidobia]. —Hagen, 1866:253 [to Helicopsyche]. —Ross, 1938a:42 [♂; lectotype]. —Ross, 1944:266, 288 [♂; ♀; larva]. —Ross, 1951a:74 [distribution]. —Denning, 1964:134 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:214 [distribution]. —Williams et al., 1983:2290 [biology; distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:76 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:545 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:109 [catalog]. —Wiggins, 1996:90 [larva]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Johanson, 2002:30 [♂; distribution]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Bowles et al., 2007:23 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:32 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:302 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:185 [phenology, distribution].—Johanson and Holzenthal, 2010:44 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist]. —Djernaes, 2011:52 [♂; ♀]. —Flint, 2011:103 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

—lustrica Say, 1821:75 [Type locality: U.S.A., Cayuga Lake, as Paludina, mollusc]. —Baker, 1961:146 [suppressed name].

—arenifera Lea, 1834:104 [Type locality: U.S.A., Tensessee, Cumverland River, as Valvata, mollusc]. —Johanson, 2002:32 [to synonymy].

—glabra Hagen, 1864a:130, 237 [Type locality: North America; no type nor type depository designated; case]. —Hagen, 1866:253 [to synonymy].

—californica Banks, 1899:210 [Type locality: United States, California; MCZ; ♂]. —Ross, 1944:266, 303 [to synonymy].

—annulicornis Banks, 1904c:212 [Type locality: United States, Plummer’s Island, Maryland; MCZ; ♂]. —Betten, 1934:416 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Canada, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, U.S.A.

brazilia (Cochliopsyche) Johanson, 2003d:410 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, confluence Rio Peixe & Rio Preto do Itambe, 19°17.525'S, 43°15.457'W, el. 500 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:16 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

braziliensis (Feropsyche) (Swainson), 1840:353 [Type locality: Brazil; no type nor type depository designated; case only; in Thelidomus, as mollusc]. —Hagen, 1864b:886 [synonymizes, erroneously, species with Helicopsyche arenifera Lea, thereby transferring species to Helicopsyche]. —Johanson, 2002:144 [taxonomic remarks]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:17 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

breviterga (Feropsyche) Flint, 1991:105 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Boquerón, source of Quebrada Potreros, W La Fé; NMNH; ♂]. —Johanson, 1995:109 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Johanson, 2002:63 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:30 [distribution].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

caligata (Feropsyche) Flint, 1967a:67 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Valdivia, brook at Fundo Walper, near Valdivia; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:92 [checklist]. —Johanson, 1995:109 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:127 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Chile.

camuriensis (Feropsyche) Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:9 [Type locality: Venezuela, Dist. Fed. [Distrito Federal], Río Camuri Grande, 1 km S Camuri (nucleo U.S.B.), 10.616°N, 66.715°W, el. 30 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

centrocubana (Feropsyche) Botosaneanu and Flint, 1991a:212 [Type locality: Cuba, Province Matanzas, Cuabales de Galindo, Valle de Yumuri; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:472 [larva]. —Johanson, 1995:109 [catalog]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:99 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:46 [♂; distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

chilensis (Feropsyche) Flint, 1983a:91 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Bío-Bío, Estero Huequecura, 25 km E Santa Bárbara; NMNH; ♂]. —Johanson, 1995:110 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:37 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Chile.

chiriquensis (Feropsyche) Johanson and Malm, 2006:8 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Fortuna Dam Site, nr. Hornitos, 8°55'N, 82°16'W, el. 1050 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2010:44 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

chocoensis (Cochliopsyche) Johanson, 2003d:401 [Type locality: Colombia, Choco, Rio Atrato, Yuto; USNM; ♂; /females/].

Distribution. Colombia.

cipoensis (Feropsyche) Johanson and Malm, 2006:17 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serra do Cipo; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:17 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

circulata (Feropsyche) Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:25 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, 1 km E Estación Biológica Rancho Grande, 10.352°N, 67.680°W, el. 1100 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

clara (Cochliopsyche) (Ulmer), 1905a:18 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina; PAN; ♂; in Tetanonema]. —Flint, 1966a:12 [♂; lectotype]. —Johanson, 1995:107 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:128 [status; phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2003d:388 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Souza et al., 2013a:3 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:17 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador.

cochleara (Feropsyche) Johanson, 1999:128 [Type locality: Ecuador, Past. Puyo (27 km N), Est. Fluv. Metrica; NMHH; ♂]. —Johanson, 2002:134 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Ecuador.

colombiensis (Feropsyche) Siebold, 1856:144 [Type locality: Colombia, Puerto Cabello; no type nor type depository designated; case only]. —Hagen, 1864a:127 [case]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Johanson, 2002:139 [taxonomic remarks].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

comosa (Feropsyche) Kingsolver, 1964:259 [Type locality: Cuba, Aspiro-Rangel, Pinar del Rio Province; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:53 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Flint, 1991b:176 [♂; ♀; redescription]. —Johanson, 1995:110 [catalog]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:99 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:19 [♂; distribution]. —López del Castillo et al., 2004:229 [sp. near comosa, distribution]. —González Lazo et al., 2005:260 [c.f. comosa, distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

cotopaxi (Feropsyche) Botosaneanu and Flint, 1982:25 [Type locality: Ecuador, Volcan Cotopaxi; NMNH, ♂; ♀; case]. —Johanson, 1995:110 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:129 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Ecuador.

cubana (Feropsyche) Kingsolver, 1964:259 [Type locality: Cuba, Moa, Oriente Province; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1968a:64 [distribution; redescription; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; case]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:53 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Flint, 1991a:207 [as cubana cubana; redescription]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:468 [as cubana; larva]. —Johanson, 1995:110 [catalog]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:99 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:44 [♂; distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba, Jamaica.

curvipalpia (Feropsyche) Johanson and Malm, 2006:3 [Type locality: Mexico, Chih. Hwy 127, 27.7 mi SW La Junta, 0.5 mi N Sierra Alta Tarahumara, 6900 ft; INHS; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Mexico.

dampfi (Feropsyche) Ross, 1956b:398 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Finca Germania; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:215 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:7 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:110 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Maes, 1999:1195 [checklist]. —Johanson, 2002:121 [♂; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2010:44 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua.

disjuncta (Feropsyche) Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:5 [Type locality: Venezuela, Sucre, Parque Nacional Peninsula de Paria, Uquire, Río La Viuda, 10°42.830'N, 61°57.661'W, el. 15 m; NMNH; ♂]

Distribution. Venezuela.

dominicana (Feropsyche) Botosaneanu and Flint, 1991a:200 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, 12 km S. of Constanza; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Johanson, 1995:110 [catalog]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:22 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:36 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:99 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:118 [♂; distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:8 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

dorsocurvata (Feropsyche) Johanson and Holzenthal, 2010:41 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapanti, Quebrada Palmitos and falls, 9.72°N, 83.78°W, el. 1400 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

† electra (Feropsyche) Johanson and Wichard, 1996:199 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; ♂; collection Wichard; in amber]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:36 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:99 [ckecklist]. —Wichard, 2007a:38 [♂; key]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

extensa (Feropsyche) Ross, 1956b:397 [Type locality: Peru, Department of Cusco, Valley of the Cosnipata, Santa Isabel; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:429 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:111 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:123 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:30 [distribution].

Distribution. Peru, Venezuela.

falcigona (Feropsyche) Botosaneanu and Flint, 1991a:210 [Type locality: Cuba, Isla de Pinos, Santa Fé, Arroyo La Talega; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:472 [larva]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [ckecklist; as subspecies of Helicopsyche ochthephila]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:23 [as subspecies of ochthephila]. —Johanson, 1995:111 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:77 [to species; ♂; distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist; as subspecies of ochthephila].

Distribution. Cuba.

fistulata (Feropsyche) Flint, 1991:105 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada La Mosca, 1 km W Guarne; NMNH; ♂]. —Johanson, 1995:111 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Johanson, 2002:68 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:30 [distribution].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

flinti (Feropsyche) Johanson, 1999:127 [Type locality: Brazil, [Santa Catarina], Nova Teutonia, 27°11'B[S], 52°23'L[W]; BMNH; ♂]. —Johanson, 2002:111 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:17 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

fridae (Feropsyche) Johanson, 2003a:5 [Type locality: Panama, Province of Panama, Barro Colorado Island; NMNH; ♂; ♀; key]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

golfitoensis (Feropsyche) Johanson and Holzenthal, 2010:39 [Type locality: Costa Rica, [Puntarenas], 2.8 mi E of Golfito; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

granpiedrana (Feropsyche) Botosaneanu and Sykora, 1973:402 [Type locality: Cuba, La Gran Piedra; ZMA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:52 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:111 [catalog]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:99 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:116 [♂; distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

grenadensis (Feropsyche) Flint and Sykora, 1993:61 [Type locality: Grenada, Parish St. Andrews, Clabony; FSCA; ♂]. —Johanson, 1995:111 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:99 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:111 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:31 [distribution].

Distribution. Grenada, Venezuela.

guadeloupensis (Feropsyche) Malicky, 1980:222 [Type locality: Guadaloupe, mittellauf des flusses Lezard bei Chemin de Diane; collection Malicky; ♂]. —Malicky, 1983:264 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1988:227 [♀; larva]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:60 [distribution; synonymy]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:51 {distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:111 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:256 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:99 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:81 [♂; distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:56 [checklist].

—species 1 Flint, 1968b:78 [♀]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:60 [to synonymy].

—species 2 Flint, 1968b:79 [larva]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:60 [probable synonym].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia.

guara (Feropsyche) Holzenthal, Blahnik and Calor, 2016:348 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Rio Caeté, at entrance to Parque Ecológico Spitzkopf, 27°00.350'S, 49°06.650'W, el. 92 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Brazil.

hageni (Feropsyche) Banks, 1938:296 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, north side of Pico Turquino; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:24 [♂; lectotype]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:53 [distribution].—Botosaneanu and Flint, 1991a:199 [redescription]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:468 [probable larva]. —Johanson, 1995:111 [catalog]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:21 [♀; misidentification of Helicopsyche parahageni according to Flint and Sykora, 2004]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:37 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:99 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:79 [♂; distribution].—López del Castillo et al., 2004:229 [cf hageni, distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist]. —López del Castillo et al., 2007:171 [distribution; seasonal abundance]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba, Dominican Republic.

haitiensis (Feropsyche) Banks, 1938:296 [Type locality: Haiti, La Vesite, La Selle Range; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:24 [♂; lectotype]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Flint, 1991a:203 [redescription]. —Johanson, 1995:111 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:37 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:99 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:69 [♂; distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:9 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

—haitiense Banks, 1938. —Botosaneanu, 1991a:134 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Flint, 1991a:203 [♂; invalid emendation].

Distribution. Haiti.

helicoidella (Feropsyche) (Vallot), 1855:XII [Type locality: [Brazil], Bahia; no type nor type depository designated; case; in Phryganea]. —Hagen, 1864a:131 [to Helicopsyche]. —Johanson, 2002:139 [taxonomic remarks]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:18 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

holzenthali (Cochliopsyche) Johanson, 2003d:403 [Type locality: Venezuela, Barinas, Rio Singüis in Cano Grande, 8°24.00'N, 70°46.45'W, el. 520 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

incisa (Feropsyche) Ross, 1956b:398 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Finca Esperanza; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:215 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:545 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:112 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:105 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson, 2003a:8 [distribution; key]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Johanson and Malm, 2006:22 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2010:45 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama.

kalaom (Feropsyche) Botosaneanu, 1996:22 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, springbrook, 150 m from Salto Agua Blanca, road to Convento; ZMUA; ♂]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:37 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:99 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:103 [♂; distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:9 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

kingstona (Feropsyche) Johanson, 2003c:33 [Type locality: Jamaica, 5 mi directly W of Kingston; UCD; ♂; relationships].

Distribution. Jamaica.

lambda (Feropsyche) Flint, 1983a:93 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia Misiones, Arroyo Piray Mini, Rt. 17 W Dos Hermanas; NMNH; ♂]. —Johanson, 1995:112 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:101 [♂; distribution]. —Manzo et al., 2014:167 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

laneblina (Feropsyche) Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:21 [Type locality: Venezuela, T.F.A. [Territorio Federal Amazonas = Estado Amazonas], Camp VII, Cerro de la Neblina, 0°51'N, 65°58'W, el. 1800 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

lara (Feropsyche) Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:19 [Type locality: Venezuela, Lara, Parque Nacional Dinira, Quebrada Buenos Aires, 9°36.407'N, 70°04.178'W, el. 1850 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

lazzariae (Feropsyche) Holzenthal, Blahnik and Calor, 2016:348 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Voçoroca, along main road to Joinville, 25°50.332'S, 49°03.332'W, el. 650 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Brazil.

lewalleni (Feropsyche) Denning and Blickle, 1979:27 [Type locality: El Salvador, La Libertad, west bank Rio Chilama; CAS; ♂; ♀]. —Johanson, 1995:112 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:28 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2010:45 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica, El Salvador.

linabena (Feropsyche) Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:23 [Type locality: Venezuela, T.F.A. [Territorio Federal Amazonas = Estado Amazonas], Camp IV, Cerro de la Neblina, 0°58'N, 65°57'W, el. 760 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

linguata (Feropsyche) Johanson and Malm, 2006:14 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Fortuna Dam Site, nr. Hornitos, 8°55'N, 82°16'W, el. 1050 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

lobata (Cochliopsyche) Flint, 1983a:95 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Arroyo Piray Guazú, N San Pedro; NMNH; ♂]. —Johanson, 1995:107 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:128 [status; phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2003d:391 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Manzo et al., 2014:167 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:17 [checklist].

— n. sp. 1 Flint, 1996b: 429 [♂]. —Johanson, 2003d:391 [to lobata].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Peru.

lutea (Feropsyche) (Hagen), 1861:271 [Type locality: Santo Domingo; MCZ; ♀; in Notidobia]. —Hagen, 1866:254 [to Helicopsyche]. —Ross 1952:35 [♀; lectotype]. —Flint 1967c:24 [taxonomic remarks]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Flint, 1991b:181 [♀; redescription]. —Johanson, 1995:112 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:37 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:99 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:138 [♀; distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:9 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

maculisternum (Feropsyche) Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:40 [Type locality: Trinidad, the stream just below Maracas waterfall; ZMUA; ♂; ♀; larva; case]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:203 [distribution; ecology]. —Johanson, 1995:113 [catalog]. —Flint, 1996a:108 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1998:131 [phylogeny]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:99 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:59 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:31 [distribution].

—agglutinans Lechmere-Guppy, 1864:245 [Type locality: Trinidad; as Valvata, mollusc]. —Johanson, 2002:59 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Trinidad, Venezuela.

melanochaeta (Feropsyche) Flint and Sykora, 2004:11 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Pedernales Province, Río Mulito, 21 km N Pedernales, 18°09.3'N, 71°45.6W, el. 280 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [ckecklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

—sp. indet. ex “gr. comosa” Botosaneanu, 1996:22 [Dominican Republic, Pedernales Province, Río Mulito, 2 km from the village Mencia de Pedernales and about 6-7 km from its springs, el. 250 m; ZMUA; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [referred to melanochaeta].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

merida (Feropsyche) Botosaneanu and Flint, 1982:24 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Mérida, 11 km southeast of Apartaderos; NMNH; ♂; case]. —Johanson, 1995:113 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:65 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:31 [distribution].

Distribution. Venezuela.

mexicana (Feropsyche) Banks, 1901:368 [Type locality: Mexico, Cuernavaca; MCZ; ♂]. —Ross, 1944:289, 303 [♂; figured as arizonensis]. —Flint, 1967d:176 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:215 [distribution]. —Denning and Blickle, 1979:32 [redescription; ♀; distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:113 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Johanson, 2002:38 [♂; distribution]. —Miller et al., 2002:1663 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:32 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:302 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:185 [phenology, distribution]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2010:45 [distribution].

—arizonensis Banks, 1907a:125 [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Nogales; MCZ; ♀]. —Ross, 1944:303 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, U.S.A.

minima (Feropsyche) Siebold 1856:38 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Sierra de Luquillo (according to Flint 1964a); no type nor type depository designated; case only]. —Flint, 1964a:71 [redescription; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; case]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Flint, 1991a:213 [♂; ♀; redescription]. —Johanson, 1995:113 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Maes, 1999:1195 [checklist]. —Johanson, 2002:53 [♂; distribution].—Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [ckecklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist].

—nigra Bremi-Wolf, 1848:125 [Type locality: [U.S.A.] Puerto Rico, Aus einem Backe der Hochebene der Sierra de Suevilla]. —Johanson, 1995:121 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Nicaragua, Puerto Rico.

minuscula (Feropsyche) Martynov, 1912:3 [Type locality: Peru, Callanga; PAN; /female.]. —Betten 1934:46 [venation]. —Johanson, 1995:113 [catalog]. —Johanson, 2002:137 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Peru.

molesta (Feropsyche) Botosaneanu, in Botosaneau and Hyslop, 1998:24 [Type locality: Jamaica, streamlet tributary of East Lucea River at ca. 2 km. upstream from its mouth, Hanover (Lucea); ZMUA; ♂; as subspecies of occidentale]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [ckecklist; as subspecies of occidentale]. —Johanson, 2002:44, 93 [to species; ♂; distribution].

Distribution. Jamaica.

monda (Feropsyche) Flint, 1983a:93 [Type locality: Paraguay, Depto. Alto Paraná, Salto del Monday, near Puerto Presidente Franco; NMNH; ♂]. —Johanson, 1995:113 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:92 [♂; distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:31 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:371 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:10 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:18 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Venezuela.

montana (Feropsyche) Felber, 1912:46 [Type locality: Mexico; not stated, perhaps NMB; larva; pupa; case]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:215 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:113 [catalog]. —Johanson, 2002:141 [taxonomic remarks].

Distribution. Mexico.

muelleri (Feropsyche) Banks, 1920:348 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catharina [sic]; MCZ; ♂; as mulleri]. —Flint, 1967c:25 [lectotype]. —Johanson, 1995:113 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:48 [♂; distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:77 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:18 [checklist]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution].

—angelae Marlier, 1964a:9 [Type locality: Peru, Río Huallaga, tributary to upper Marañon; IRSNB; ♂; larva; pupa; case]. —Flint, 1967c:25 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Peru.

napoa (Cochliopsyche) Johanson, 2003d:398 [Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, Lago Agrio; USNM; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Ecuador.

neblinensis (Feropsyche) Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:15 [Type locality: Venezuela, T.F.A. [Territorio Federal Amazonas = Estado Amazonas]: Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp, 0°51'N, 66°10'W, el. 140 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

nigrisensilla (Feropsyche) Botosaneanu and Flint, 1991a:210 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, 20 km S. of Constanza; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Johanson, 1995:114 [catalog]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:22 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:37 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:109 [♂; distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:10 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

obscura (Feropsyche) Rueda Martín and Isa Miranda, 2015:205 [Type locality: Argentina, Tucumán, Anfama, 2645'08.9 S, 06531'22 W, 1169 m; IBN; ♂; larva; pupa; biology].

Distribution. Argentina.

occidentale (Feropsyche) Botosaneanu and Flint, 1991a:207 [Type locality: Cuba, Pinar de Rio Province, Soroa, Río El Manantiales; ZMUA; ♂; as subspecies of cubana]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:471 [larva; as valid species]. —Johanson, 1995:114 [catalog]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:24 [as subspecies]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [checklist]. —Johanson, 2002:42 [♂; distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist; as Helicopsyche occidentalis].

Distribution. Cuba.

ochthephila (Feropsyche) Flint, 1968a:65 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Hardwar Gap, Dicks Pond Trail; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; case]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Johanson, 1995:114 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:23 [♂; larva; case]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:75 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Jamaica.

ocosingua (Cochliopsyche) Johanson, 2003d:405 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Ocosingo Valley, Monte Finca Libano; INHS; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Mexico.

opalescens (Cochliopsyche) Flint, 1972b:245 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, Puerto Rico; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974c:145 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1992d:81 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:107 [catalog]. —Flint, 1996b:428 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1998:128 [status, phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2003d:393 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:77 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:372 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:17 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela.

pandeirosa (Cochliopsyche) Johanson, 2003d:407 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Pandeirosa in Pandeiros, ca. 50 km W Januária, 15°30.727'S, 44°30.255'W, el. 495 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:17 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

paprockii (Feropsyche) Johanson and Malm, 2006:11 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serra do Cipo; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:18 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

paraguaiensis (Cochliopsyche) Johanson, 2003d:413 [Type locality: Paraguay; Rio Aquidaban, Cerro Cora; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Paraguay.

parahageni (Feropsyche) Flint and Sykora, 2004:9 [Type locality: Dominican Republic [Barahona Province], Ran Rafael, 8.3 km S of Baoruco, 18°01.9'N, 71°08.4'W, el. 30 m ; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 1996 [♀; as hageni]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

paucispina (Feropsyche) Botosaneanu and Flint, 1991a:213 [Type locality: Cuba, Pinar del Rio Province, Viñales, San Vicente, Arroyo del Aqueducto; ZMUA; ♂]. —Flint, 1996c:15 [checklist]. —Johanson, 1995:114 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:97 [♂; distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

perija (Feropsyche) Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:27 [Type locality: Venezuela, Táchira, trib. to Río El Valle, 3.8 km SE El Zumbador, 7°57.411'N, 72°04.394'W, el. 2730 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

peruana (Feropsyche) Banks, 1920:349 [Type locality: Peru, Natucana; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:25 [relationships]. —Johanson, 1995:114 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:61 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson, 2003b:1 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Peru.

pietia (Feropsyche) Denning, 1964:132 [Type locality: Mexico, Baja California, 3 miles southwest of Mission San Javier southwest of Loreto; CAS; ♂; ♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:215 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:115 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:61 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

piroa (Feropsyche) Ross, 1944:289 [Type locality: United States, Texas, San Antonio, along San Antonio River; INHS; ♂]. —Ross, 1956b:400-401 [diagnosis]. —Johanson, 1995:115 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:24 [♂; distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:23 [distribution; biology]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua, U.S.A.

planata (Feropsyche) Ross, 1956b:400 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, San Cristóbal; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:215 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:115 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Maes, 1999:1196 [checklist]. —Johanson, 2002:88 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:32 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua.

planorboides (Feropsyche) Machado, 1957:193 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Tarumirim, Rio Doce valley; type depository not designated, but now in DZRJ (A.P.M. Santos, personal communication); ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; case]. —Johanson, 1995:115 [catalog]. —Johanson, 2002:135 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:18 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

poliochaeta (Feropsyche) Flint and Sykora, 2004:11 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Pedernales Province, Río Mulito, 21 km N Pedernales, 18°09.3'N, 71°45.6W, el. 280 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [ckecklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

propinqua (Feropsyche) Botosaneanu and Flint, 1991a:215 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Toro Negro Forest, Doña Juana creek; NMNH; ♂]. —Johanson, 1995:115 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:83 [♂; distribution]. —

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

puyoa (Cochliopsyche) Johanson, 2003d:406 [Type locality: Ecuador: Past. Puyo (22 km W); USNM; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Ecuador.

quadrosa (Feropsyche) Ross, 1956b:400 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Finca Victoria; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:215 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:115 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:81 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution; as cuadrata, mispelling]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

ramosi (Feropsyche) Flint, 1964a:72 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Yauco-Lares Rd, Km. 22; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; case]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Flint 1991a:205 [♂; ♀; redescription]. —Johanson, 1995:115 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:95 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

rentzi (Feropsyche) Denning and Blickle, 1979:31 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Finca La Pacifica, 10 miles north Cañas; CAS; ♂; ♀]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:76 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:115 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:115 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2010:46 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

sanblasensis (Feropsyche) Johanson and Malm, 2006:19 [Type locality: Panama, San Blas, 2 km S. Nusagandi; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

scalaris (Feropsyche) Hagen, 1864a:128 [Type locality: Venezuela, Rio lego, 7000 feet above the sea; no type nor type depository designated; case]. —Johanson, 2002:140 [taxonomic remarks].

Distribution. Venezuela.

† scaloida (Feropsyche) Johanson and Wichard, 1996:197 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; ♂; GPIMH; in amber]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:37 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [ckecklist]. —Wichard, 2007a:38 [♂; key]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

selanderi (Feropsyche) Ross, 1956b:400 [Type locality: Mexico, Michoacán, 20 miles west of Morelia; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:215 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:115 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:130 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:32 [distribution]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2010:46 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Venezuela.

septifera (Feropsyche) Flint and Sykora, 2004:13 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Pedernales Province, Río Mulito, 21 km N Pedernales, 18°09.3'N, 71°45.6'W, el. 280 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [ckecklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

—cf. minima Von Siebold in Botosaneanu, 1996:22 [Dominican Republic, Pedernales Province, Río Mulito, 2 km from the village Mencia de Pedernales and about 6-7 km from its springs, el. 250 m; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [referred to septifera].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

sigillata (Feropsyche) Botosaneanu and Flint, 1991b:182 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente Province, Baracoa, Monte Iberia; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Johanson, 1995:116 [catalog]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [ckecklist]. —Johanson, 2002:20 [♂; distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

singulare (Feropsyche) Botosaneanu and Flint, 1991a:199 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, El Verde Field Station, Quebrada Prieta; NMNH; ♂]. —Johanson, 1995:116 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:131 [♂; distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [ckecklist].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

sinuata (Feropsyche) Denning and Blickle, 1979:31 [Type locality: [U.S.A.] California, San Bernardino County, Sheep Creek Canyon; UCD; ♂]. —Johanson, 1995:116 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:125 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson and Malm, 2006:23 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

succincta (Feropsyche) Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:7 [Type locality: Venezuela, T.F.A. [Territorio Federal Amazonas = Estado Amazonas], Camp XII, el. 1950 m, near Pico Phelps; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

sucrensis (Feropsyche) Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:3 [Type locality: Venezuela, Sucre, Peninsula de Paria, Puerto Viejo, “Rio el Pozo”, 10°43.073'N, 62°28.569'W, el. 20 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

tachira (Feropsyche) Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:13 [Type locality: Venezuela, Táchira, trib. to Río El Valle, 3.8 km SE El Zumbador, 7°57.411'N, 72°4.394'W, el. 2730 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

tapadas (Feropsyche) Denning, 1966:238 [Type locality: Mexico, Nayarit, Arroyo Santiago, 3 miles northwest of Jesus Maria; CAS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:215 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:116 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:26 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

temora (Feropsyche) Denning and Blickle, 1979:30 [Type locality: Mexico, Chihuahua, 6.4 km (4 mi) SW of Temoris; UCD; ♂]. —Johanson, 1995:116 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:30 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

thelidomus (Feropsyche) Hagen, 1864a:127 [Type locality: Venezuela, Rio lego 7000 feet above the sea; no type nor type depository designated; case]. —Johanson, 2002:139 [taxonomic remarks].

Distribution. Venezuela.

timbira (Feropsyche) Silva, Santos and Nessimian, 2014:436 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Rio Beija Flor, 22°26'50.9"S, 43°00'19.4"W, el. 1187 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:19 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

truncata (Feropsyche) Ross, 1956b:398 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Finca Vergel; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:215 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:545 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:117 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:71 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2010:46 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama.

turbida (Feropsyche) Navás, 1923a:200 [Type locality: Argentina, Alta Gracia; MZBS; ♀]. —Schmid, 1949a:419 [/male; ♀; redescription]. —Flint, 1967c:25 [as synonym of muelleri]. —Flint, 1982c:63 [as valid species]. —Johanson, 1995:117 [catalog]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Johanson, 2002:30 [♂; distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution]. —Rueda Martín and Isa Miranda, 2015:208 [redescription; ♂; larva; pupa; biology; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

tuxtlensis (Feropsyche) Bueno-Soria, 1983b:455 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Balzapote, 3 km north from Estacion de Biologia “Los Tuxtlas”; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Johanson, 1995:117 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:86 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson, 2003a:8 [distribution; key]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico, Panama.

umbonata (Feropsyche) Hagen, 1864a:128 [Type locality: Jamaica, Chitty, Paines Town; no type nor type depository designated; case]. —Flint, 1968a:62 [distribution; redescription; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; case]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Johanson, 1995:117 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Malicky, 1999:117, 118 [distribution]. —Johanson, 2002:73 [♂; distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [ckecklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

valligera (Feropsyche) Flint, 1983a:93 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Arroyo Coatí, 15 mi E San José; NMNH; ♂]. —Johanson, 1995:117 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Johanson, 2002:90 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:18 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

vazquezae (Cochliopsyche) Flint, 1986:214 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Río Tulijá, 48 km south of Palenque; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:75 [distribution]. —Monson et al., 1988:154 [larva; pupa; biology; distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:107 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:129 [status, phylogeny]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Johanson, 2003d:392 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:354 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Venezuela.

venezuelensis (Feropsyche) Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:17 [Type locality: Venezuela, Miranda, Río Caruao, 1.6 km S Caruao, 10.597°N, 66.346°W, 5 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

vergelana (Feropsyche) Ross, 1956b:400 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Finca Vergel; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1974c:144 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:215 [distribution]. —Flint, 1981a:37 [♂; distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:76 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:103 [♂; distribution]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:490 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:545 [distribution]. —Johanson, 1995:117 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Maes, 1999:1196 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Johanson, 2002:21 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson, 2003a:8 [distribution; key]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:6 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2010:46 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist]. —Souza et al., 2013a:3 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:18 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

—margaritensis (Feropsyche) Botosaneanu, 1959:61 [Type locality: Venezuela, Isla de Margarita, Toma de Agua de Encañado; ZMUA; ♂; /female; larva; pupa; case]. —Flint, 1981a:37 [♂; ♀; misidentified as vergelana]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:204 [distribution; ecology]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:39 [larva; distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:60 [as valid species; distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:107 [distribution]. —Maharaj and Alkins-Koo, 1997:277 [biology]. —Johanson, 1995:113 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:99 [ckecklist]. —Botosaneanu and Viloria, 2002:110 [distribution]. —Johanson, 2002:24 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela.

villegasi (Feropsyche) Denning and Blickle, 1979:29 [Type locality: Mexico, Zacatecuas [sic], 4 km W of Nochistlan, Río de Nochistlan, at dam named Presade, “Los Tuzas”; UCD; ♂]. —Johanson, 1995:117 [catalog]. —Johanson, 1998:132 [phylogeny]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Johanson, 2002:107 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson, 2003c:35 [relationships]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:32 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

† voigti (Feropsyche) Johanson and Wichard, 1996:201 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; ♂; collection Wichard; in amber]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:37 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:100 [ckecklist]. —Wichard, 2007a:40 [♂; key]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

woldai (Feropsyche) Johanson, 2003a:2 [Type locality: Panama, Province of Panama, Barro Colorado Island; NMNH; ♂; key]. —Johanson and Malm, 2006:22 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

woytkowskii (Feropsyche) Ross, 1956b:398 [Type locality: Peru, Department of Cusco, Valley of the Cosnipata, Santa Isabel; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:25 [to synonymy with peruana]. —Johanson, 1995:117 [catalog]. —Flint, 1996b:428 [resurrected; distribution]. —Johanson, 2002:57 [♂; distribution]. —Johanson and Holzenthal, 2004:89 [distribution].

Distribution. Peru, Venezuela.

xinguensis (Cochliopsyche) Johanson, 2003d:397 [Type locality: Brazil, Pará, Rio Xingu Camp, 3°39'S, 52°22'W, ca. 60 km S Altamira; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:17 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

Family Hydrobiosidae

This family was originally established by Ulmer (1905d) as a subfamily of the Rhyacophilidae, but has long been considered a distinct family (Neboiss 1986, Schmid 1989). It appears to be the southern hemisphere equivalent of the northern Rhyacophildae. Although no examples are known from southern Africa, it is widespread in the Australasian Region, as far north as the Himalayas and eastern Russia in the Oriental Region, and in the Neotropical Region it occurs northward into the southwestern United States. Fifty genera are known and were extensivly reviewed by Schmid in his 1989 world revision. However, he did not recognize the two subfamilies, Apsilochoreminae and Hydrobiosinae, of Neboiss (1986). Ward et al. (2004) presented a phylogeny of the genera and Strandberg and Johanson (2011) inferred the phylogeny of species of Apsilochorema and included other genera as outgroups. The 22 New World genera are almost entirely endemic to patagonian Chile and Argentina, save for Atopsyche, widely distributed across South and Central America and including the Antilles and the southwestern US, and Cailloma, occurring in the Andes as far north as Ecuador.

As in Rhyacophilidae, the larvae of the hydrobiosids are free-living, and as far as known, predators. They greatly resemble the larvae of gill-less Rhyacophila, but the forelegs are modified for grasping their prey (Wiggins 1996). Bravo and Agrisano, in a number of papers (e.g., 2001, 2003, 2004a, b, c, 2005), described the larvae and pupae of many of the Neotropical genera, such that 17 of the 22 genera are known in the immature stages; only Androchorema, Australobiosis, Heterochorema, and Isochorema are known from adults only (the genus Nolganema is known only from an illustration of its wing venation). Rueda Martín (2006c) presented methods for collecting, rearing, and associating immatures and adults of Atopsyche species; these techniques would also apply to other genera. Angrisano and Sganga (2009) provided a key to the larvae and adults of the genera.

Genus Amphichorema Schmid [3]

Amphichorema Schmid, 1989:51 [Type species: Amphichorema monicae Schmid, 1989, original designation].

The genus contains three species, all restricted to the Chilean Subregion. The immature stages Amphichorema costiferum are described (Bravo and Angrisano, 2004b). Adults are taken at light or swept from bushes near small, fast-flowing streams or larger rivers, usually in forested areas but sometimes in open country.

costiferum (Flint), 1969b:501 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Cautin, near Pucon; NMNH; ♂; in Parachorema]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1989:143 [♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:26 [checklist]. —Bravo and Angrisano, 2004b:21 [larva; pupa].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

monicae Schmid, 1989:116 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Maule, Paso Garcia; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:26 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

zotheculum (Flint), 1969b:503 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Ñuble, Rio Teno; NMNH; ♂; in Parachorema]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1989:143 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:26 [checklist]. —Bravo and Angrisano, 2004b:23 [larva similar to Amphichorema costiferum]. —Miserendino and Brand, 2007:312 [biology; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Androchorema Flint [1]

Androchorema Flint, 1979:643 [Type species: Androchorema chilense Flint, 1979, original designation]. —Schmid, 1989:86 [redescription].

The genus still contains only a single species, described from Chile. Its immature stages are unknown. Only a very few adults ever have been taken at light near small, fast-flowing streams in forested areas.

chilense Flint, 1979:644 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Osorno, Pucatrihue; NMNH; ♂]. —Schmid, 1989:147 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:26 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Apatanodes Navás [2]

Apatanodes Navás, 1934a:177 [Type species: Apatanodes sociata Navás, 1934a, original designation]. —Schmid, 1955b:224 [transferred to Hydrobiosinae].

Australochorema Schmid, 1955a:129 [Type species: Australochorema rectispina Schmid, 1955a, original designation]. —Schmid, 1989:88 [redescription]. —Angisano, 1997a:15 [immatures stages]. —Flint et al., 1999a:75 [to synonymy].

This is a small genus of two species, restricted to the Chilean Subregion. Their immature stages have been described (Angrisano 1997a). Adults are taken at light or by sweeping near small streams in forested areas.

brachyterga (Flint), 1974a:6 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Chiloe, Río Butalcura; NMNH; ♂; as Australochorema brachytergum]. —Flint, 1974e:84 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:75 [to Apatanodes].

Distribution. Chile.

sociata Navás, 1934a:177 [Type locality: Chile, Bio-Bio and Marga-Marga; type depository unknown; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:84 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist].

—rectispinum Schmid, 1955a:130 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Santiago, Penalolen; NMNH; ♂; as Australochorema rectispina]. —Flint, 1974e:84 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:147 [♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1997a:15 [larva; pupa; as Australochorema rectispinum]. —Flint et al., 1999a:75 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Atopsyche Banks [132 + †1]

Atopsyche Banks, 1905:17 [Type species: Atopsyche tripunctata Banks 1905, original designation]. —Ross and King, 1952:177 [revision; biogeography]. —Schmid, 1989:58 [redescription]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:51 [review of Brazilian species; key to males].

Dolochorema Banks, 1913a:240 [Type species: Dolochorema irregularis Banks, 1913a, by monotypy]. —Ross, 1956a:125 [redescription]. —Schmid, 1989:60 [redescription; to subgenus].

Harpax Müller, 1921:524 [Type species: no species ever included. Preoccupied by Parkinson, 1811 and 3 others]. —Ulmer, 1957:142 [bibliography; placement; to synonymy].

Ventrarma Navás, 1924c:76 [Type species: Ventrarma implexa Navás, 1924c, original designation]. —Ross, 1947:127 [to synonmy]. —Ross and King, 1952:177 [as subgenus]. —Ross, 1953:288 [to full synonymy].

Atopsychodes Mosely, 1949:37 [Type species: Atopsychodes cira Mosely, 1949, original designation]. —Ross and King, 1952:177 [to synonymy].

Atopsaura Ross, 1953:292 [Type species: Atopsyche hamata Ross and King, 1952, original designation, as a subgenus].

This is by far the largest genus in the family, with 132 extant and 1 fossil species. It has the widest distribution of the New World genera. Species are known from the southwestern tier of states in the United States, south throughout Central and South America, including the Greater Antilles, but stopping short of the Chilean Subregion. Many locally endemic species occur in the tropical Andes.

The larvae and pupae of a few species in the genus have been described (Flint 1963a, Wiggins 1996). They are all free-living predators, found in rapidly flowing water, from small streams to rivers or even in hygropetric habitats. Reynaga and Rueda Martín (2010) found little niche overlap between Atopsyche yunguensis and Atopsyche spinosa. The former fed mostly on Trichoptera and the latter on Diptera, capturing prey with its chelate forelegs.

acahuana (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:117 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. ES [Espirito Santo], 15 km SE Santa Teresa, Fazenda Santa Clara; MZUSP; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:26 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:364 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:25 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:19 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:53 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

allani (Atopsyche) Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:136 [Type locality: Venezuela, Estado Mérida, Río Sinigüis at ‘El Molino’, 8°34.76'N, 70°58.33'W, el. 2340 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

antisuya (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:117 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. MG [Minas Gerais], Serra do Cipó, km 116, Rio Brauninha; MZUSP; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:26 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:19 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:54 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

aplita (Atopsyche) Ross and King, 1952:192 [Type locality: Mexico, Rio Frio; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:191 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

apurimac (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:118 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. RJ [Rio de Janeiro], km 18, 18 km S of Teresopolis; MZUSP; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:26 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:364 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:19 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:54 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

asancaru (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:118 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Bolivar, 10 km S of km 88, at Piedra de Virgen; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:134 [checklist].

Distribution. Venezuela.

atahuallpa (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:118 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Bolivar, Ptari-tepui, 30 mi N Kavanayen; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:134 [checklist].

Distribution. Venezuela.

ayacucho (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:119 [Type locality: Venezuela, T.F.A. [Territorio Federal Amazonas], Cerro d.l. Neblina, camp II, 0°49'N, 65°59'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:134 [checklist].

Distribution. Venezuela.

ayahuaca (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:119 [Type locality: Venezuela, T.F.A. [Territorio Federal Amazonas], Cerro d.l. Neblina, camp II, 0°49'N, 65°59'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:134 [checklist].

Distribution. Venezuela.

banksi (Atopsyche) Ross, 1953:290 [Type locality: Colombia, San Antonio; MCZ; ♂]. —Sykora, 1991:250 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

batesi (Atopsaura) Banks, 1938:304 [Type locality: Haiti, La Vesite, La Selle Range; MCZ; ♂]. —Ross and King, 1952:198 [♂]. —Flint, 1967c:2 [♂ lectotype]. —Flint, 1968b:79 [checklist]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:37 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:80 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:14 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Haiti.

bicolorata (unplaced) Schmid, 1958b:190 [Type locality: Bolivia, Dpto. Cochabamba, Incachaca; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist]. —Cohen, 2004:76 [distribution].

Distribution. Bolivia, Peru.

bispinosa (Dolochorema) Schmid, 1989:120 [Type locality: Bolivia, Dpto. La Paz, Unduavi-Coroico; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia.

blahniki (Atopsaura) Santos and Holzenthal, 2012:66 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio Souza, 16°26.567'S, 42°37.957'W, 150 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:19 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:55 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

bolivari (Atopsyche) Banks, 1924:443 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Tolima, Monte Socorro, Tochecito, Quindini; MCZ; ♂]. —Ross and King, 1952:195 [♂]. —Flint, 1967c:2 [♂ lectotype]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

boneti (Atopsyche) Ross and King, 1952:194 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Morelos, Cuernavaca; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1967d:163 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:191 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

brachycerca (Atopsaura) Flint, 1968a:10 [Type locality: Jamaica, Portland Parish, Hardwar Gap, “Green Hills”; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1968b:79 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:80 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

cajas (unplaced) Harper and Turcotte, 1985:134 [Type locality: Ecuador, small stream, outlet of Laguna Verde Cocha, near its junction with Rio Matadero, Chirimachay, Quinuas Valley; UMQ; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

calahuaya (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:120 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Bolivar, Ptari-tepui, 30 mi N Kavanayen; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:134 [checklist].

Distribution. Venezuela.

callosa (Atopsaura) (Navás), 1924c:78 [Type locality: Costa Rica; MNHNP; ♂; in Ventrarma]. —Flint, 1975:566 [synonymy]. —McElravy et al., 1981:152 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:53 [distribution]. —Sykora, 1991:250 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:18 [♂; distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:533 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:379 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:26 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:134 [distribution]. —Rueda Martín, 2006a:58 [larva; pupa; distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

—alconura (Atopsaura) Ross, 1953:288 [Type locality: Peru, Dpto. Cuzco, Pcia. Paucartambo, Cosnipata Valley; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1975:566 [to synonymy].

—schmidi (Atopsaura) Denning, 1965c:267 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San Jose; CAS; ♂]. —Flint, 1975:566 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

calopta (Atopsyche) Ross and King, 1952:188 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Morelos, Cuernavaca; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1967d:163 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:191 [distribution]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:32 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

caquetia (Atopsyche) Flint, 1974a:2 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Aragua, Rancho Grande; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1981a:7 [♂; distribution]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:135 [distribution].

Distribution. Venezuela.

catherinae (Atopsyche) Harper and Turcotte, 1985:136 [Type locality: Ecuador, small stream, outlet of Laguna Verde Cocha, near its junction with Rio Matadero, Chirimachay, Quinuas Valley; UMQ; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

chimpuocllo (Atopsyche) Schmid, 1989:120 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Prov. Cartago, Tapantí; SDNHM, on deposit NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:6 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

chimuru (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:121 [Type locality: Venezuela, T.F.A. [Territorio Federal Amazonas], Cerro d.l. Neblina, camp II, 0°49'N, 65°59'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:135 [checklist].

Distribution. Venezuela.

chinchacamac (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:121 [Type locality: Venezuela, T.F.A. [Territorio Federal Amazonas], Cerro d.l. Neblina, camp II, 0°49'N, 65°59'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:135 [checklist].

Distribution. Venezuela.

chirihuana (Atopsyche) Schmid, 1989:121 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Pichincha, Santo Domingo (47 km S); NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:21 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:55 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil, Ecuador.

chirimachaya (unplaced) Harper and Turcotte, 1985:135 [Type locality: Ecuador, small stream, outlet of Laguna Verde Cocha, near its junction with Rio Matadero, Chirimachay, Quinuas Valley; UMQ; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

choronica (Atopsaura) Flint, 1974a:3 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Aragua, Choroni Pass; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1981a:7 [♂; distribution]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:135 [checklist].

Distribution. Venezuela.

cira (Atopsyche) (Mosely), 1949:37 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Irazu; BMNH; ♂; in Atopsychodes]. —Ross and King, 1952:190 [♂; to Atopsyche]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:53 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:7 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

clarkei (Atopsaura) Flint, 1963a:456 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Cundinamarca, Chicó; NMNH; ♂]. —Sykora, 1991:250 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

conventica (Atopsaura) Flint, 1974a:4 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Convento, 12 km S Constanza; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:37 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:80 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:14 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

copayapu (Atopsyche) Schmid, 1989:122 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Pichincha, Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 14 km E; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

cordoba (Atopsyche) Denning, 1968a:17 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Veracruz, Cordoba; CAS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:191 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua.

cubana (Atopsaura) Flint, 1968c:151 [Type locality: Cuba; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:79 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:43 [distribution]. —Kumanski, 1987:3 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:80 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

dampfi (Atopsyche) Ross and King, 1952:194 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Chiapas, Finca Vergel; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:191 [distribution]. —McElravy et al., 1981:152 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:53 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:533 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1195 [checklist]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama.

davidsoni (unplaced) Sykora, 1991:246 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Bolivar, 16 km NNE Guaranda; CMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

davisorum (Atopsaura) Flint, 1974a:4 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, 4 km SE of Rio Limpio; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:37 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:80 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:14 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

diamantina (Atopsaura) Flint, 1974a:4 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, 4 km SE of Rio (Atopsaura) Gomes and Calor, 2016:66 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Mucugê, Chapada Diamantina, Parque Municipal Sempre Viva, Rio Piabinha, 12°59'34"S, 41°20'27"W, el. 921 m; MZUSP; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

erigia (Atopsyche) Ross, 1947:129 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Tamaulipas, Hacienda Santa Engracia; INHS; ♂]. —Ross and King, 1952:188 [♂; distribution]. —Edwards and Arnold, 1961:401 [larva; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:191 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:2 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:53 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:533 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1195 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:21 [distribution; biology]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:21 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:55 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Mexico, Panama, U.S.A.

espala (Atopsyche) Ross and King, 1952:190 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Chiapas, Tecpatan; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:191 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

explanata (Atopsyche) Ross, 1953:288 [Type locality: Peru, Dpto. Cuzco, Pcia. Paucartambo, Cosnipata Valley; INHS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

flinti (unplaced) Sykora, 1991:244 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Chimborazo, 21 km ESE Licto, stream above Río Alao; CMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

galharada (Atopsaura) Santos and Holzenthal, 2012:71 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Campos do Jordão, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, Rio Galharada, 22°41.662'S, 45°27.783'W, 1530 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:19 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:56 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

hamata (Atopsaura) Ross and King, 1952:202 [Type locality: Brazil, Summit of Mt. Roraima; AMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:26 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:20 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:56 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

hatunpuna (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:122 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. SP [Sao Paulo], Casa Grande, Ribera Curuja; MZUSP; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:26 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2010:7 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:10 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:20 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:57 [diagnosis; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

hidalgoi (Atopsyche) Flint, 1967b:2 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Mexico, Las Cruces National Park, La Marquesa; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:191 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

hinnulus (unplaced) Flint and Sykora, 2004:14 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Pedernales Province, Río Mulito, 21 km N Pedernales, 18°09.3'N, 71°45.6'W, 270 m; NMNH; ♂; unplaced to subgenus, but referred to batesi Group of subgenus Atopsaura]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

hintoni (Atopsyche) Denning, 1964:129 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Baja California, Arroyo San Bernadino, about 3 miles northwest Miraflores; CAS; ♂; larva; pupa]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:191 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

hispida (Atopsyche) Denning, 1965c:266 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Veracruz, Fortin de los Flores; CAS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:191 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

huacachaca (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:122 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Rio Jan. [Rio de Janeiro], Itatiaia, Registro Pass; MZUSP; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:26 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:365 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:20 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:57 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

huacapuncu (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:123 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Merida, S Bolivar N.P., near La Aguada; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:135 [distribution].

Distribution. Venezuela.

huachacuyac (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:123 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Merida, Mucuy Fish Hatchery, 7 km E Tabay; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:135 [distribution].

Distribution. Venezuela.

huainacapac (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:123 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Cerro Campana, ca. 6 km (air) NW Dos Rios, 10.9°N, 85.4°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:7 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

huallaripa (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:124 [Type locality: Venezuela, T.F.A. [Territorio Federal Amazonas], Cerro d.l. Neblina, camp II, 0°49'N, 65°59'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:135 [checklist].

Distribution. Venezuela.

huamachucu (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:124 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. RJ [Rio de Janeiro], km 17, 18 km S of Teresopolis; MZUSP; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:26 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:365 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:11 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:20 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:58 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

huanapu (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:124 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. SP [São Paulo], E.B. Boraceia, Paredo da Pedreira; MZUSP; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:26 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:365 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:11 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:20 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:58 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

huanucu (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:125 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Lara, Yacambu National Park, 13 km SE Sanare; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:135 [distribution].

Distribution. Venezuela.

huarcu (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:125 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Minas Gerais, Nova Lima; MZUSP; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:26 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:365 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:11 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:20 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:58 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

huenga (Atopsyche) Flint, 1974a:2 [Type locality: Guatemala, Dpto. Huehuetenango, 20 mi NW of Huehuetenango; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:191 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1195 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua.

iana (Atopsaura) Mosely, 1949:40 [replacement name for Atopsyche spinosa Mosely, 1931:545, preoccupied by Ventrarma spinosa Navás, 1930c:131]. [Type locality: British Guiana, Kaieteur; BMNH; ♂]. —Ross and King, 1952:200 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:26 [checklist].

Distribution. Guyana.

ikonnikovi (Atopsyche) Martynov, 1912:34 [Type locality: Peru, La Merced; type depository unknown; ♂]. —Ross and King, 1952:195 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist].

Distribution. Peru.

implexa (Atopsyche) (Navás), 1924c:77 [Type locality: Costa Rica, La Caja; MNHNP; ♂; in Ventrarma]. —Ross and King, 1952:197. —Ross, 1953: 291 [♂]. —McElravy et al., 1981:152 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:53 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:533 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama.

incatupac (Atopsyche) Schmid, 1989:125 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Cotopaxi, 113 km W Latacunga; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

irregularis (Dolochorema) (Banks), 1913a:240 [Type locality: Peru, S.E., Cuzco; MCZ; ♂; in Dolochorema]. —Ross, 1956a:125 [♂]. —Schmid, 1989:60 [to Atopsyche].

Distribution. Peru.

jaba (unplaced) Blahnik and Gottschalk, 1997:162 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Rio Jaba at rock quarry, 1.4 km (air) W Las Cruces, 8.79°N, 82.97°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:7 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

janethae (Atopsyche) Harper and Turcotte, 1985:134 [Type locality: Ecuador, small stream, outlet of Laguna Verde Cocha, near its junction with Rio Matadero, Chirimachay, Quinuas Valley; UMQ; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

japoda (Atopsaura) Ross and King, 1952:202 [Type locality: Mexico; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:191 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua.

kamakan (Atopsaura) Gomes and Calor, 2016:68 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Camacan, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Serra Bonita, 15°23'02"S, 39°34'10"W; MZUSP; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

kamesa (Atopsyche) Ross and King, 1952:196 [Type locality: Bolivia, Incachaca; CMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín, 2006a:60 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia.

kingi (Atopsyche) Ross, 1953:289 [Type locality: Peru, Dpto. Cuzco, Pcia. Paucartambo, Cosnipata Valley; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:380 [distribution].

Distribution. Peru.

lilicae (Atopsaura) Botosaneanu, 1991a:114 [Type locality: Haiti, Dpartement de l’Ouest, Vile Bonheur (Ville Saut d’Eau); ZMUA; ♂]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:37 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:80 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:14 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Haiti.

lobosa (Atopsaura) Ross and King, 1952:200 [Type locality: Bolivia, Incachaca; CMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:380 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:26 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia, Peru.

longipennis (Atopsaura) (Ulmer), 1905a:110 [Type locality: not given; ZSZMH; ♂; as Psilochorema longipenne]. —Ulmer 1909b:73 [to Atopsyche, as Atopsyche brasiliana, a lapsus for longipennis, see Ulmer 1913:384]. —Ross and King, 1952:202 [type from Brazil, Santa Catharina [sic]; ♂]. —Flint, 1972b:225 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:20 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:59 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

macrocerca (Atopsaura) Flint, 1968a:12 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew Parish, Hope River near Newcastle at mile post 16.5; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1968b:79 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:80 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

maitacapac (Atopsyche) Schmid, 1989:126 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Napo, Lago Agrio (30 km E) via a Tarapoa; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

majada (Atopsaura) Ross, 1947:129 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Michoacan, La Majada, Apatazingan; INHS; ♂]. —Ross and King, 1952:197 [♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:191 [distribution]. —McElravy et al., 1981:152 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:2 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:53 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:533 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1195 [checklist]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Mexico, Panama.

major (Dolochorema) Schmid, 1989:126 [Type locality: Bolivia, Prov. La Paz, Rio Zongo; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia.

mancocapac (Atopsyche) Schmid, 1989:126 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Pastaza, Puyo (3 km North); NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:380 [distribution].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru.

maxi (Atopsyche) Rueda Martín, 2005:294 [Type locality: Argentina, Tucumán Prov., Trancas, Gonzalo; IML; ♂; larva; pupa]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

mayucapac (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:127 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Merida, El Valle; IZAM; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:135 [distribution].

Distribution. Venezuela.

mexicana (unplaced) (Banks), 1901:370 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Veracruz, Jalapa; MCZ; ♂; in Philopotamus]. —Ross, 1953:293 [to Atopsyche, lacks abdomen]. —Flint, 1967c:2 [abdomen missing]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:192 [distribution]. —Schmid 1989:144 [nomen dubium].

Distribution. Mexico.

milenae (unplaced) Sykora, 1991:248 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Bolivar, 16 km NNE Guaranda; CMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

minimajada (unplaced) Blahnik and Gottschalk, 1997:164 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Estación Pitilla, Río Orosi, 10.931°N, 85.428°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

misionensis (Atopsaura) Flint, 1983a:5 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia Misiones, Arroyo Piray Mini, Rt. 17 W Dos Hermanas; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina.

muelleri (Atopsaura) Gomes and Calor, 2016:70 [Type locality: Brazil, Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Ribeirão Água Fria; MZUSP; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

neolobosa (Atopsaura) Flint, 1963a:456 [Type locality: Ecuador, Papallacta; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

neotropicalis (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:127 [Type locality: Peru, Dpto. Cuzco, Quincemil; CNC; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:379 [distribution].

Distribution. Peru.

onorei (unplaced) Sykora, in Flint et al., 1999a:75 [replacement name for Atopsyche schmidi Sykora, 1991:246, a junior homonym of Atopsyche schmidi Denning, 1965c:267]. [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Loja, Cordillera Cordoncillo, 11 km S Saraguro; CMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

orientalis (unplaced) Flint and Sykora, 2004:15 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Seibo Province, 15 km S Miches, ca. 500 m; NMNH; ♀; unplaced to subgenus]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

pachacamac (Atopsyche) Schmid, 1989:127 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Prov. San Jose, Rio Chirripo Pacifico, 9.5 km NE Rivas, 9.470°N, 83.591°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

pachacutec (Atopsyche) Schmid, 1989:127 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Cotopaxi, 113 km W Latacunga; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

pacharurac (Atopsyche) Schmid, 1989:127 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Merida, La Campana, 12 km SE Santo Domingo; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:135 [distribution].

Distribution. Venezuela.

parauna (Atopsyche) Santos and Holzenthal, 2012:69 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Paraúna, 3 km S Santana do Riacho, 19°10.986'S, 43°43.485'W, 650 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:22 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:59 [diagnosis; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

parihuana (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:128 [Type locality: Venezuela, T.F.A. [Territorio Federal Amazonas], Cerro d.l. Neblina, camp IV, 0°58'N, 65°57'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:136 [checklist].

Distribution. Venezuela.

paucartampu (Atopsyche) Schmid, 1989:129 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Hwy. 2, Km 95, 9°36'N, 83°44'W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

peravia (unplaced) Flint and Sykora, 2004:16 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Peravia province, 3 km SW La Nuez, upper Río Las Cuevas, 18°39'N, 70°36'W, 1880 m, cloud forest on river; CMNH; ♂; unplaced to subgenus, but compared to Atopsyche (Atopsaura) batesi]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

† perlucida (unplaced) Wichard, 2007a:4 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; SMNS; ♂; in amber; unplaced to subgenus, but said to be similar to Atopsyche (Atopsyche) rinconi].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

pilcomayo (Atopsyche) Schmid, 1989:129 [Type locality: Mexico, Prov. Oaxaca, 53 mi N.E. Guelatao; SDNHM, on indefinite loan to NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

plancki (Atopsaura) Marlier, 1964a:2 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Sao Paulo, Boraceia; IRSNB; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:365 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Santos and Holzenthal, 2012:77 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:20 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:60 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

puharcocha (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:129 [Type locality: Bolivia, Prov. Cochabamba, Rio Ronquito, rd. to Villa Tunari, Chapare; NMNH; ♂]. —Sykora, 1991:250 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:380 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru.

rawlinsi (Atopsaura) Sykora, 1991:244 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Loja, Cordillera Cordoncillo, 11 km S Saraguro; CMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

rinconi (Atopsyche) Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:138 [Type locality: Venezuela, Estado Sucre, Río Cocollar, 1.5 km SE Las Piedras de Cocollar, 10°09.617'N, 63°47.605'W, el. 810 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:60 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil, Venezuela.

sanctipauli (Atopsaura) Flint, 1974a:5 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Sao Paulo, Alto da Serra; NMW; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:365 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:11 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:21 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:61 [♂; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

segninii (Atopsaura) Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:140 [Type locality: Venezuela, Estado Mérida, Río Sinigüis, at ‘El Tambor’, Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada, 8°33.34'N, 70°57.87'W, el. 3200 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

serica (Atopsaura) Ross, 1953:292 [Type locality: Brazil, Nova Teutonia, 27°11'S, 52°23'W; MCZ; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:21 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:62 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

sinchicurac (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:129 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Zamora Chinchipe, Loja/Zamora; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

siolii (Atopsaura) Flint, 1971c:12 [Type locality: Brazil, [Edo. Amazonas] Rio Marauia, Cachoeira Pora Comeschie, dicht oberhalb Endstation; NMNH; ♂; larva; pupa]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:21 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:63 [diagnosis; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

socialis (Atopsyche) Flint, 1967d:165 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Durango, 10 miles west of El Salto; CNC; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:192 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

sperryi (Atopsyche) Denning, 1949:88. [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Oak Creek Canyon, Todd’s Lodge; CAS; ♂]. —Ross and King, 1952:190 [♂]. —Flint, 1967d:163 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:192 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [ecology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:303 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:185 [phenology, distribution]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:4 [♀].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

spinosa (Atopsaura) (Navás), 1930c:131 [Type locality: Argentina, Prov. Buenos Aires, Palo Blanco; UNLP; ♂; in Ventrarma]. —Flint, 1982c:15 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist]. —Cohen, 2004:76 [distribution]. —Rueda Martín, 2006a:56 [larva; pupa; distribution]. —Reynaga and Rueda Martín, 2010:61 [trophic biology]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution; as espinosa].

—falina (Atopsaura) Ross and King, 1952:198 [Type locality: Argentina, Prov. Tucuman, Tafi del Valle; IML; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1999a:75 [to synonymy]. —Cohen, 2004:74 [list of type material].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia.

taina (Atopsaura) Flint, 1974a:4 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Convento, 12 km S Constanza; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:37 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:80 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:16 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

talamanca (Atopsyche) Flint, 1974a:2 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Prov. Cartago, route 2, km 75; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:54 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

tampurimac (Atopsyche) Schmid, 1989:130 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Napo, San Franciso de Borja; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1991:19 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist]. —Medellín et al., 2004:201 [biology].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

tapanti (unplaced) Blahnik and Gottschalk, 1997:167 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, Río Grande de Orosi, 9.686°N, 83.756W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

thomasi (unplaced) Flint and Sykora, 2004:16 [Type locality: Haiti, Département de l’Ouest, saddle between Fe Noir and Enfer, 1700 m; FSCA; ♂; unplaced to subgenus, but compared to Atopsyche (Atopsaura) lilicae]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Haiti.

tincuracu (Atopsaura) Schmid, 1989:130 [Type locality: Bolivia, Prov. La Paz, Unduavi/Coroico; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia.

tlaloc (Atopsyche) Schmid, 1989:130 [Type locality: Ecuador, Cuenca/Gral.Plaza; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

trifida (Atopsaura) Denning, 1948b:113 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Luquillo; CAS; ♂; as trifidus]. —Ross and King, 1952:198 [♂]. —Flint, 1964a:13 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1968b:79 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:144 [Costa Rica, erroneous distribution; lapsus for Puerto Rico]. —Masteller and Flint, 1993:65 [biology]. —Flint and Masteller, 1993:140 [biology]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:80 [checklist].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

tripunctata (Atopsyche) Banks, 1905:17 [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Huachuca Mountains; MCZ; ♂]. —Ross, 1947: 128 [♂]. —Ross and King, 1952:190 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1967d:163 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:192 [distribution]. —Schmid, 1989:143 [♂; ♀]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [ecology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:303 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:185 [phenology, distribution]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:4 [♀].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

ulmeri (Atopsyche) Ross, 1953:288 [Type locality: Peru, Dpto. Cuzco, Pcia. Paucartambo, Cosnipata Valley; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:379 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia, Peru.

unicolorata (unplaced) Schmid, 1989:131 [Type locality: Bolivia, Prov. La Paz, Sorata; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia.

uruguayensis (Atopsaura) Angrisano, 1997b:56 [Type locality: Uruguay, Cerro Largo, Sierra de Acegué; FHCU; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist].

Distribution. Uruguay.

urumarca (Atopsyche) Schmid, 1989:131 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. M.♂. [Minas Gerais], Serra do Cipó, Rio Capivara; MZUSP; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Santos and Holzenthal, 2012:75 [♂; variation, distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:22 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:63 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

usingeri (Atopsaura) Denning and Sykora, 1968:172 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Rio de Janeiro, Teresopolis, Organ Mountains; CAS; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:365 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:21 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:64 [redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

vatucra (Atopsyche) Ross, 1953:290 [Type locality: Peru, Dpto. Cuzco, Pcia. Paucartambo, Cosnipata Valley; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:379 [distribution].

Distribution. Peru.

vinai (Atopsaura) Sykora and Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Sykora, 1973:382 [Type locality: Cuba, Prov. Oriente, Cabezadas de Río Indio, massif de Gran Piedra; ZMUA; ♂; larva]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:43 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:453 [larva]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:80 [checklist]. —López del Castillo et al., 2004:229 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —González Lazo et al., 2005:260 [distribution]. —López del Castillo et al., 2007:171 [distribution; seasonal abundance].

Distribution. Cuba.

viracocha (Atopsyche) Schmid, 1989:131 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Lara, Yacambu National Park, 13 km SE Sanare; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:136 [checklist].

Distribution. Venezuela.

weibezahni (Atopsyche) Flint, 1974a:3 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Merida, Rio Santo Domingo, outlet to Laguna Mucubaji; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:136 [distribution].

Distribution. Venezuela.

youngi (unplaced) Sykora, 1991:245 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Azuay, Pass 8 km NE Girón; CMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

yunguensis (Atopsaura) Rueda Martín, 2006a:52 [Type locality: Argentina, Salta, Santa Victoria, Lipeo, Río Los Naranjos, 22°25'47"S, 64°44'20"W, 1109 m; IML; ♂; larva; pupa]. —Reynaga and Rueda Martín, 2010:61 [trophic biology].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia.

yupanqui (unplaced) Schmid, 1989:132 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Merida, 8 km SE Apartaderos; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Cressa, 2002:136 [distribution]. —Medellín et al., 2004:201 [biology; distribution].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

zernyi (Atopsaura) Flint, 1974a:5 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Sao Paulo, Alto da Serra; NMW; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:365 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:7 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:11 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:21 [checklist]. —Gomes and Calor, 2016:64 [♂; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

Genus Australobiosis Schmid [3]

Australobiosis Schmid, 1958b:187 [Type species: Australobiosis araucanica Schmid, 1958b, original designation]. —Schmid 1989:54 [redescription].

This is a genus of only three species, all restricted to the Chilean Subregion. Their immature stages are undescribed. Adults are rarely taken, usually by net, near small streams and waterfalls in densely forested sites.

araucanica Schmid, 1958b:188 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Chiloé, Dalcahue; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:84 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:116 [♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

bidens Schmid, 1989:117 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Ñuble, Recinto; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

gladiocincta Schmid, 1989:117 [Type locality: Argentina, Prov. Neuquén, 5 km NW Lago Lolog; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina.

Genus Cailloma Ross and King [4]

Cailloma Ross and King, 1951:507 [Type species: Cailloma brunosa Ross and King, 1951, original designation, a synonym of lucidula (Ulmer)]. —Knutson and Flint, 1971:315 [Empididae predators in pupal cocoons]. —Flint, 1974d:473 [revision of genus, larva; pupa]. —Schmid, 1989:45 [redescription].

Genus A Flint, 1963a:463 [based on larva]. —Flint, 1974d:474 [to synonymy].

This is one of the first described genera of Neotropical Hydrobiosidae and one with a wide distribution. It is the only hydrobiosid genus that is both widespread in the Chilean Subregion and northward along the Andes. It now contains four species.

The larvae and pupae of all four species have been described and can be differentiated (Flint 1974d, Molina Arzabe and Gibon 2009). The immature stages are found in fast to moderately flowing streams and glacial meltwaters, often exposed to the full sunlight and harsh environments of the high elevations of the Altiplano (3,800 m). The females of Cailloma rubenmarini are brachypterous and do not readily fly.

lucidula (Ulmer), 1909b:73 [Type locality: [Argentina, Prov. Mendoza], Potrerillos; ZSZMH; ♂; in Atopsyche]. —Flint, 1974d:476 [synonyny, ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; distribution]. —Flint, 1974e:84 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1989:143 [♂; ♀]. —Sykora, 1991:250 [distribution]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist]. —Cohen, 2004:76 [distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

—brunosa Ross and King, 1951:507 [Type locality: Peru, San Ignacio, Cailloma; FMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974d:477 [to synonymy].

—angustipennis Schmid, 1955a:122 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Santiago, El Manzano; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974d:477 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru.

pumida Ross, 1956a:125 [Type locality: Chile, Coquimbo, 5 mi. west of La Junta; CAS; ♂]. —Flint, 1974d:477 [synonyny, ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; distribution]. —Flint, 1974e:84 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011b:143 [biology]. —Brand et al., 2012:90 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

—erinaceus Schmid, 1957:382 [Type locality: [Chile], Prov. O’Higgins, La Leonera; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974d:480 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

rotunda Flint, 1967a:46 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Santiago, near Los Valdes; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974d:477 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; distribution]. —Flint, 1974e:84 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1989:143 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:27 [checklist]. —Brand, 2009:224 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

rubemarini Molina Arzabe and Gibon, 2009:24 [Type locality: Bolivia, Kullu Kachi River (16°17'48"S, 68°27'17"W, few kilometers fro. Batalia, E Titicaca Lake; MNHN; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; ecology, biology].

Distribution. Bolivia.

Genus Clavichorema Schmid [7]

Clavichorema Schmid, 1955a:119 [Type species: Clavichorema trancasica Schmid, 1955a, original designation]. —Schmid, 1989:60 [redescription].

The genus contains seven known species, all restricted to the Chilean Subregion. The immature stages of Clavichorema trancasicum were described by Bravo and Angrisano (2005). Adults are taken at light or by sweeping near small streams in forested areas.

capillatum Schmid, 1955a:122 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Ñuble, Las Vizcachas; NMNH; ♂; as capillata]. —Flint, 1974e:84 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1989:144 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

chiloeanum Schmid, 1955a:121 [Type locality: Chile, Island of Chiloé, Aucar; NMNH; ♂; as chiloeana]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1989:144 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

complicatissimum Schmid, 1955a:122 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Ñuble, Recinto; NMNH; ♂; as complicatissima]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1989:144 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

pescaderum Flint, 1983a:6 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Osorno, Parque Nacional Puyehue, Río Pescadero; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

pillimpilli Schmid, 1957:380 [Type locality: [Chile], Prov. Arauco, Pichinahuel; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1989:144 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

purgatorium Flint, 1969b:497 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Ñuble, Cord. Chillan, El Purgatorio; NMNH; ♂; as purgatoria]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

trancasicum Schmid, 1955a:121 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Ñuble, Las Trancas; NMNH; ♂; as trancasica]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1989:144 [♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist]. —Bravo and Angrisano, 2005:20 [larva; pupa; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Heterochorema Schmid [1]

Heterochorema Schmid, 1989:55 [Type species: Neochorema paradoxicum Flint, 1983a, original designation].

The genus contains a single species, known only from southern Chile. Its immature stages are unknown.

paradoxicum (Flint), 1983a:7 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Llanquihue, El Chingue, N Correntoso (S Volcán Calbuco); NMNH; ♂; in Neochorema]. —Schmid, 1989:143 [♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Iguazu Ross and King [2]

Iguazu Ross and King, 1951:505 [Type species: Iguazu ulmeri Ross and King, 1951, original designation]. —Schmid, 1989:80 [redescription].

This a small genus of only two species, both known from the Chilean Subregion. Angrisano (2001) described the immatures. Adults are infrequently taken at lights near small, fast-flowing streams in forested areas.

flavofuscum Schmid, 1957:385 [Type locality: [Chile], Prov. Arauco, Pichinahuel; NMNH; ♂; Igazu, misspelling]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:144 [♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 2001:200 [larva; distribution].

Distribution. Chile.

ulmeri Ross and King, 1951:505 [Type locality: Argentina, Prov. Misiones, Iguazú; IML; ♂; the type was assuredly mislabelled, no other specimen of this species or genus is known from NE Argentina]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist, probable erroneous locality]. —Cohen, 2004:74 [list of type material].

Distribution. Argentina [?].

Genus Isochorema Schmid [2]

Isochorema Schmid, 1989:89 [Type species: Isochorema curvispinum Schmid, 1989, original designation].

†Isochorema Wichard, 2013:34 [Type species: †Isochorema secunda Wichard, 2013, original designation; Baltic amber; junior homonym of Isochorema Schmid, 1989, replaced by Electrochorema Wichard, 2014:4].

The genus contains two species, both known from only a few specimens collected in Chile. Their immature stages are undescribed, and their biology is unknown.

curvispinum Schmid, 1989:137 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Ñuble, Alto Tregualemu, ca. 20 km SE Chovellen; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

flintorum Schmid, 1989:137 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Valdivia, 36 km. W. La Union; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Metachorema Schmid [2]

Metachorema Schmid, 1957:382 [Type species: Metachorema gregarium Schmid, 1957, original designation]. —Schmid, 1989:46 [redescription].

The genus still contains only two species restricted to the Chilean Subregion. The immature stages of Australobiosis griseum were described by Bravo and Angrisano (2003). Adults are commonly taken at light near small, fast-flowing streams in forested areas.

gregarium Schmid, 1957:383 [Type locality: [Chile], Prov. Valdivia, Rio Chaquigua; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:143 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

griseum Schmid, 1957:383 [Type locality: [Chile], Prov. Valdivia, Neltume; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:143 [♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist]. —Bravo and Angrisano, 2003:205 [larva; pupa; distribution]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:35 [biology; habitat]. —Brand et al., 2012:90 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Microchorema Schmid [4]

Microchorema Schmid, 1955a:128 [Type species: Microchorema recintoi Schmid, 1955a, original designation]. —Schmid, 1989:63 [redescription].

This is a genus of four species, all wholly restricted to Chile. The immature stages of Microchorema extensum were described by Bravo and Angrisano (2004a) as were those of two unknown genera, Genus X and Genus Y. Adults are very rarely taken by sweeping near small, forested streams.

extensum Schmid, 1964:308 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Curico, El Coigo; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:145 [♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist]. —Bravo and Angrisano, 2004a:98 [larva; pupa].

Distribution. Chile.

larica Flint, 1969b:499 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Cautin, 30 km. NE of Villarrica; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1989:145 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

penai Schmid, 1958b:189 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Chiloé, Dalcahue; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:145 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

recintoi Schmid, 1955a:128 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Ñuble, Recinto; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:145 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Neoatopsyche Schmid [5]

Neoatopsyche Schmid, 1955a:126 [Type species: Neoatopsyche chilensis Schmid, 1955a, original designation]. —Knutson and Flint, 1971:315 [Empididae predators in pupal cocoons]. —Schmid, 1989:57 [redescription]. —Angrisano, 1998:121 [immature stages].

The genus contains five known species, all restricted to the Chilean Subregion. The immature stages of all five species were recently described and diagnosed (Angrisano, 1998). Adults are commonly taken at light in large numbers near small streams to large rivers in either forested areas or open countryside.

brevispina Schmid, 1957:381 [Type locality: [Chile], Prov. Arauco, Caramavida; NMNH; ♂]. —Denning, 1965b:697 [♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1989:143 [♂; ♀]. —Angisano, 1998:122 [larva; distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:35 [biology; habitat]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011b:143 [biology]. —Brand et al., 2012:90 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

chilensis Schmid, 1955a:126 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Ñuble, Recinto; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:143 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist]. —Angisano, 1998:123 [larva; distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist]. —Miserendino and Brand, 2007:312 [biology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

obliqua Flint, 1969b:499 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Aconcagua, SW Catapilco; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Knutson and Flint, 1979:32 [Empididae predators in pupal cocoons]. —Angisano, 1998:122 [larva; distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

spinosella Schmid, 1955a:127 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Santiago, El Manzano; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:143 [♂]. —Angisano, 1998:122 [larva; distribtion]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

unispina Flint, 1967a:47 [Type locality: Argentina, Prov. Río Negro, El Bolson; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Angisano, 1998:122 [larva]. —Angrisano, 1999:28 [checklist]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:35 [biology; habitat]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011b:143 [biology]. —Brand et al., 2012:90 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Neochorema Schmid [4]

Neochorema Schmid, 1957:384 [Type species: Neochorema dictynnum Schmid, 1957, original designation]. —Schmid, 1989:62 [redescription].

This genus of four species is restricted to Argentina and Chile. The immature stages of Neochorema sinuatum, as well as those of two unknown genera, Genus X and Genus Y, were described by Bravo and Angrisano (2004a). Adults are very rarely taken at light near rivers and streams.

dictynnum Schmid, 1957:385 [Type locality: [Chile], Prov. Coquimbo, Rivadavia; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:145 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

jaula Flint, 1969b:501 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Curico, Estero La Jaula, Los Quenes; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1989:145 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

lobiferum Flint, 1969b:500 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Cautin, 30 km NE Villarrica; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1989:145 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

sinuatum Schmid, 1964:307 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Arauco, Pichinahuel; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:145 [♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist]. —Bravo and Angrisano, 2004a:101 [larva; pupa; distribution].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Neopsilochorema Schmid [1]

Neopsilochorema Schmid, 1955a:127 [Type species: Neopsilochorema tricarinata Schmid, 1955a, original designation]. —Schmid, 1989:87 [redescription]. —Angrisano,1997a:15 [immature stages].

The genus contains only a single species, restricted to the Chilean Subregion. Angrisano (1997a) described the immature stages. Adults are taken at light or by sweeping near small streams in forested areas.

tricarinatum Schmid, 1955a:128 [Type locality: Chile, Island of Chiloé, Toi-Goi; NMNH; ♂; as tricarinata]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:147 [♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1997a:15 [larva; pupa; distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist]. —Miserendino and Brand, 2007:312 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:35 [biology; habitat]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011b:143 [biology]. —Brand et al., 2012:90 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Nolganema Navás [1]

Nolganema Navás, 1934a:169 [Type species: Nolganema chilense Navás, 1934a, original designation]. —Flint, 1974e:83 [transferred to Hydrobiosinae]. —Schmid, 1989:64 [relationship].

This monotypic genus is only known from its original description which included a figure of its wing venation. It appears to be a member of the Amphichorema group of genera (Schmid 1989).

chilense Navás, 1934a:169 [Type locality: Chile, Angol; type depository unknown; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Parachorema Schmid [1]

Parachorema Schmid, 1957:383 [Type species: Parachorema bifidum Schmid, 1957, original designation]. —Schmid, 1989:49 [redescription].

The immature stages of this monotypic genus were described by Bravo and Angrisano (2004b). Adults are commonly taken at light near larger rivers, often fully exposed to the sun.

bifidum Schmid, 1957:384 [Type locality: [Chile], Prov. Ñuble, Atacalco; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:143 [♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist]. —Bravo and Angrisano, 2004b:23 [larva; pupa].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Pomphochorema Flint [1]

Pomphochorema Flint, 1969b:503 [Type species: Pomphochorema chilensis Flint, 1969b, original designation]. —Schmid, 1989:61 [redescription].

The single species in the genus is known from Chile. Its immature stages are known (Bravo and Angrisano 2004c). Adults are infrequently taken at light near small, fast-flowing streams in forested areas.

chilensis Flint, 1969b:504 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Arauco, Caramavida; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1989:145 [♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist]. —Bravo and Angrisano, 2004c:38 [larva; pupa].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Pseudoradema Schmid [1]

Pseudoradema Schmid, 1955a:124 [Type species: Pseudoradema spinosissima Schmid, 1955a, original designation]. —Schmid 1989:44 [redescription].

The immatures of this monotypic genus were described by Bravo and Angrisano (2005).

spinosissimum Schmid, 1955a:125 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Malleco, Curacautin; NMNH; ♂; as spinosissima]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:143 [♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist]. —Bravo and Angrisano, 2005:23 [larva; pupa].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Rheochorema Schmid [4]

Rheochorema Schmid, 1955a:118 [Type species: Rheochorema tenuispina Schmid, 1955a, original designation]. —Schmid, 1989:79 [redescription]. —Angrisano, 2001:196 [larva].

The genus contains four described species, all restricted to the Chilean Subregion. The larva of all species are described (Flint1967a, Angrisano 2001). Adults are commonly taken at light in large numbers near small streams to large rivers in either forested areas or open countryside.

lobuliferum Flint, 1967a:47 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Río Penitente; NMNH; ♂; as lobulifera, larva]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1989:146 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 2001:196 [larva; distribution]. —Brand et al., 2012:90 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Chile.

magellanicum Flint, 1974a:6 [Type locality: Argentina, Isla de los Estados, Puerto Cook; NMNH; ♂; as magellanica]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1989:146 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 2001:199 [larva; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

robustum Schmid, 1955a:119 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Malleco, Rio Blanco; NMNH; ♂; as robusta]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:146 [♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 2001:197 [larva; distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:76 [distribution]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011b:143 [biology; distribution]. —Brand et al., 2012:90 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

tenuispinum Schmid, 1955a:118 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Ñuble, Recinto; NMNH; ♂; as tenuispina]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:146 [♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 2001:197 [larva; distribution]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011b:143 [biology; distribution]. —Brand et al., 2012:90 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Schajovskoya Flint [1]

Schajovskoya Flint, 1979:641 [Type species: Schajovskoya neuquenensis Flint, 1979, original designation]. —Schmid, 1989:50 [redescription].

The genus still contains only a single species, known from Patagonian Argentina and Chile. Its immature stages were described at the time of the description of the genus and figured by Angrisano (2000). Adults are infrequently taken at light or by sweeping near small, fast-flowing streams in forested areas.

neuquenensis Flint, 1979:641 [Type locality: Argentina, Prov. Neuquen, Arroyo Culebra, 20 km S San Martin de los Andes; NMNH; ♂; larva]. —Schmid, 1989:143 [♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 2000:291 [larva; pupa; compared to Stenochorema, distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Stenochorema Schmid [1]

Stenochorema Schmid, 1955a:123 [Type species: Stenochorema crassicosta Schmid, 1955a, original designation]. —Schmid 1989:48 [redescription].

The immature stages of this monotypic genus were described by Angrisano (2000). It has been taken near small forested streams in southern Chile.

crassicostum Schmid, 1955a:124 [Type locality: Chile, Island of Chiloé, Aucar; NMNH; ♂; as crassicosta]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist]. —Schmid 1989:143 [♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:29 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 2000:290 [larva; pupa; compared to Schajovskoya, distribution].

Distribution. Chile.

Family Hydropsychidae

The family Hydropsychidae is found in flowing water habitats around the world. Larvae spin silken nets to filter the water of food material and are common and often abundant components of the bottom fauna. Five subfamilies are recognized: Arctopsychinae, Diplectroninae, Hydropsychinae, Smicrideinae, and Macronematinae. The monophyly and phylogenetic relationships among these subfamilies has been the subject of recent studies (Geraci et al. 2005, Schefter 1996, 2005). Only Arctopsychinae does not occur in the region covered by this catalog and Diplectroninae and Hydropsychinae are represented by only a few genera and species, although the latter contains Neotropical endemic genera. The greatest diversity of species and genera occur in the Macronematinae and Smicrideinae.

Diplectroninae are cosmopolitan, but not very rich in genera or species. Only a few species of Diplectrona occur in the mountains of Mexico and Central America. Similarly, the Neotropical members of Hydropsychinae are found only in the northern regions, from Mexico into Panama and the Greater Antilles. Two genera, Cheumatopsyche and Hydropsyche are North American taxa that extend into northern Mexico, while Calosopsyche, Plectropsyche, and Streptospyche are endemic to southern Mexico, Central America, or the Greater Antilles. The subfamily Smicrideinae in the New World only contains Smicridea with its two subgenera, Smicridea and Rhyacophylax, but it is the most diverse Neotropical genus of Hydropsychidae, with over 200 described species. Macronematinae is richly represented in the Neotropics in genera and species. Of the genera, Blepharopus, Centromacronema, Macronema, Plectromacronema, Pseudomacronema, and Synoestropsis are allendemic to the region, while Leptonema and Macrostemum also have representatives in the Old World.

Genus Blepharopus Kolenati [1]

Blepharopus Kolenati, 1859:242 [Type species: Blepharopus diaphanus Kolenati, 1859, by monotypy].

The genus contains only a single species endemic to tropical South America. The robust, hirsute adults frequently come to lights near medium to large sized rivers. Flint and Wallace (1980) described the immature stages. Larvae constructed nets attached to stones in rapidly flowing water. Morphology of larval legs and mouthparts and net structure suggested to these authors that larvae fed on fine particulate organic matter suspended in the water.

diaphanus Kolenati, 1859:242 [Type locality: [Brazil] Brazilia [specific locality unknown, but the collector Beske lived and worked in the vicinity of Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro state; NMW; ♂]. —Ulmer, 1907c:42 [♂; wings; head]. —Flint and Wallace, 1980:179 [distribution; larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1992d:69 [distribution]. —Marinoni and Almeida, 2000:286 [distribution; biology]. —Cohen, 2004:74 [distribution]. —Blahnik, et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:357 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1277 [distribution]. —Souza et al., 2013a:4 [distribution]. —Costa et al., 2014:218 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:22 [checklist].

—reticulatus Ulmer, 1905a:52 [Type locality: [Brazil], Santa Catharina [sic]; PAN; ♂]. —Flint, 1978:395, 404 [♂; wings; to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela.

Genus Calosopsyche Ross and Unzicker [13 + †1]

Calosopsyche Ross and Unzicker, 1977:309 [Type species: Hydropsyche calosa Banks, 1938, original designation]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1987:29 [revision]. —Schefter, 2005:149 [phylogeny]. —Wichard, 2007a:20 [diagnosis]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:55 [diagnosis]. —Geraci et al., 2010:925 [redefinition].

The genus contains 14 species, including one fossil species, placed in two species groups: the calosa group of 9 species is endemic to the Greater Antillean islands, while the continentalis group of 5 species is found in southern Central America. The calosa group is distinguished from the continentalis group by the shape of the apical segment of the inferior appendage, which is not bifid at the tip or bearing a lobe on one side (Wichard 2007a). After the proposal of a close relationship between Calosopsyche and Streptopsyche (Geraci et al. 2005), Oláh and Johanson (2008) proposed their synonymy based on the similarity of “primary generic characters” in both genera as well on the homoplastic origins of the “tertiary generic characters.” Additionally, these authors proposed a new species group within Calosopsyche, the antilles group, based on their diagnostic endothecal processes, to classify the species previously described as Streptopsyche. Geraci et al. (2010), in a comprehensive revision, resurrected Streptopsyche and we here follow this classification.

The larva and pupa of Calosopsyche continentalis were described by Flint and Bueno-Soria (1987) and the larva of Calosopsyche cubana by Botosaneanu (1994b). They are found in small streams to larger rivers, usually at higher elevations in forested sites. Nothing has yet been reported on their type of retreat or food preferences; it is quite probable that they will be found to be similar to the other genera in the subfamily.

ardisia Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1987:36 [Type locality: Costa Rica, (Pcia. Alajuela), Turricares (sic., Turrucares); MCZ; ♂; ♀]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:65 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:53 [catalog]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:3 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

batesi (Flint), 1962a:25 [Type locality: Haiti, LaVisite and vicinity, La Selle Range; MCZ; ♀; in Hydropsyche]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Ross and Unzicker, 1977:309 [to Calosopsyche]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1987:33 [checklist]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:37 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:92 [checklist; as Hydropsyche]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:18 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:55 [catalog; taxonomic remarks]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Haiti.

bicuspis Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1987:36 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Pcia. Alajuela, Rio La Paz, route 9, 7.6 km N Vara Blanca (10.208°N, 84.166°W); NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:65 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:51 [catalog]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:3 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

bohio (Botosaneanu), 1991a:132 [Type locality: Haïti, Département de l’Ouest, Ville Bonheur (Ville Saut d’Eau): Le Saut d’Eau; ZMUA; ♀; in Hydropsyche]. —Flint et al., 1999a:75 [to Calosopsyche]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:38 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:92 [checklist; as Hydropsyche]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:18 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:55 [catalog, taxonomic remarks]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Haiti.

calosa (Banks), 1938:300 [Type locality: Cuba (probably Oriente) [recent advances in knowledge of Cuban Trichoptera leads to the realization that the “Cuba Ch. Wright” material actually must have come from Pinar del Rio Province, not Oriente]; MCZ; ♂; in Hydropsyche]. —Flint, 1962a:23 [♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1967c:12 [lectotype]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Ross and Unzicker, 1977:309 [to Calosopsyche]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:46 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:92 [checklist; as Hydropsyche]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist; as Hydropsyche]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:51 [catalog].

Distribution. Cuba.

carinifera (Flint), 1962a:27 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, foothills Cordillera Central, South of Santiago; MCZ; ♀; in Hydropsyche]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Ross and Unzicker, 1977:309 [to Calosopsyche]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1987:34 [♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:17 [distribution; taxonomic remarks; as Hydropsyche]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:93 [checklist; as Hydropsyche]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:38 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:18 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:51 [catalog]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

continentalis Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1987:34 [Type locality: Panama, Pcia. Cocle, El Valle; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:65 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:541 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:53 [catalog; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

—Genus B, undescribed species A McElravy et al., 1981:153. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1987:34 [to synonymy].

—Genus A, undescribed species A McElravy et al., 1982:307. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1987:34 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

cubana (Flint), 1962a:24 [Type locality: Cuba, Sierra Maestra near Rio Yao; NMNH; ♀; in Hydropsyche]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1977:280 [♂]. —Ross and Unzicker, 1977:309 [to Calosopsyche]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:46 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:462 [larva; in Hydropsyche].—Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:93 [checklist; as Hydropsyche]. —López del Castillo et al., 2004:229 [distribution]. —González Lazo et al., 2005:260 [distribution; as Hydropsyche]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist; as Hydropsyche]. —López del Castillo et al., 2007:171 [distribution; seasonal abundance]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:52 [catalog].

Distribution. Cuba.

darlingtoni (Flint), 1962a:23 [Type locality: Cuba, Hanabanilla Falls, Trinidad Mountains; MCZ; ♀; in Hydropsyche]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Ross and Unzicker, 1977:309 [to Calosopsyche]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:47 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:93 [checklist; as Hydropsyche]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist; as Hydropsyche]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:56 [catalog; taxonomic remarks].

Distribution. Cuba.

dearmasi (Botosaneanu), 1980:105 [Type locality: [Cuba], Monte Iberia, Nibujon, Baracoa, Prov. Oriente; ZMUA; ♂; in Hydropsyche]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:47 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1987:33 [to Calosopsyche]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:93 [checklist; as Hydropsyche]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist; as Hydropsyche]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:52 [catalog].

Distribution. Cuba.

domingensis (Banks), 1941:398 [Type locality: [Dominican Republic], Constanza to Jarabacoa; MCZ; ♂; ♀; in Hydropsyche]. —Flint, 1962a:24 [♀]. —Flint, 1967c:12 [lectotype]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Ross and Unzicker, 1977:308 [to Plectropsyche]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:17 [♂; in Hydropsyche]. —Flint et al., 1999a:75 [to Calosopsyche]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:38 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:93 [checklist; as Hydropsyche]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:19 [distribution; taxonomic remarks]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:52 [catalog; taxonomic remarks]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

elachista Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1987:36 [Type locality: Panama, [Pcia. Panama], Cerro Campana; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:65 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:541 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:53 [catalog; taxonomic remarks]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

—Genus A, undescribed species A McElravy et al., 1981:153. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1987:36 [to synonymy].

—Genus B, undescribed species A McElravy et al., 1982:307, 310. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1987:36 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

† palaeoelegans Wichard, 2007a:20 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; SMNS; ♂; in amber].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

sandrae (Flint), 1967b:15 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Golfito; NMNH; ♂; in Plectropsyche]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1987:33 [to Calosopsyche]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:65 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:53 [catalog; taxonomic remarks].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

Genus Centromacronema Ulmer [17]

Centromacronema Ulmer, 1905b:86 [Type species: Macronema auripenne Rambur, 1842, subsequent designation of Fischer, 1963].

Adults of the species in this genus are relatively large, conspicuous, and often encountered on streamside vegetation during the day. Males often display by waving their long antennae or through rapid, jerking, crawling movements on large leaves dappled with sunlight. Because of this, they were easily and frequently collected and described by the early South American naturalists. While several new species have been described recently, the identity of many of the older names is not clear because their types are poorly known and inadequately described. There seems to be a great deal of variation in color within a species, even at one site, and the differences in the genitalia between putative species are very small. There is a great need for a careful revision of all the species, including a reexamination of types, including those of the synonyms. The immature stages are known, but not yet described. Bueno-Soria (in litt.) indicated that the larvae described by Roback (1966) as Hydropsychidae sp. 4 agrees with a species of Centromacronema he reared from Mexico.

apicale (Walker), 185b2:72 [Type locality: Venezuela; BMNH; ♂]. —Betten and Mosely, 1940:205 [♂; redescription of type; venation]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:65 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:80 [distribution; wings]. —Flint, 1996b:410 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:275 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Peru, Venezuela.

auripenne (Rambur), 1842:507 [Type locality: Brésil (Brazil); IRSNB; ♂; in Macronema]. —Banks, 1901:371 [distribution]. —Ulmer, 1905b:87 [to Centromacronema]. —Ulmer, 1907b:63 [type]. —Ulmer, 1907c:112 [♂; synonymy; redescription]. —Betten and Mosely, 1940:209 [redescription of ♂ of Walker’s cupreum; venation]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:208 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:4 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:65 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:539 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:411 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1184 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:357 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:11 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:217 [distribution; taxonomic remarks]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:22 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

—cupreum (Walker), 1852:76 [Type locality: Brazil; BMNH; ♂; in Macronema]. —Ulmer, 1907c:112 [to synonymy].

—niveistigma (Walker), 1860:176 [Type locality: Brazil; BMNH; ♀; in Leptocerus]. —Ulmer, 1907c:112 [to synonymy].

—abjurans (Walker), 1860:177 [Type locality: Brazil; BMNH; ♂; in Leptocerus]. —Ulmer, 1907c:112 [to synonymy].

—quadrifurca (Walker), 1860:177 [Type locality: Brazil; BMNH; ♂; in Leptocerus]. —Ulmer, 1907c:112 [to synonymy].

—extensum Banks, 1913a:238 [Type locality: Panama, Lino; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:7 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

dentatum Navás, 1924a:207 [Type locality: Columbia, Cauca Vall.; collection Navás, now lost?; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

excisum (Ulmer), 1905a:85 [Type locality: Ecuador, Santa Inéz; PAN; ♀]. —Ulmer, 1905b:87 [to Centromacronema]. —Flint, 1966a:6 [wings holotype]. —Flint, 1991:80 [distribution; wings]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:217 [distribution].

Distribution. Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela.

facile (Navás), 1924c:81 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Sarapiqui, La Virgen; MNHNP; ♂; in Leptonema]. —Mosely, 1933:65 [to Centromacronema]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:65 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

felfele Oláh and Johanson, 2012:218 [Type locality: Peru, River Salvation, Mt Manu, Mother of Good [sic, Madre de Díos], 71°21'22"W, 12°50'16"S, el. 546 m; NRM; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

ferrugineum (Navás), 1924c:80 [Type locality: Costa Rica; MNHNP; ♂; in Leptonema]. —Mosely, 1933:65 [to Centromacronema]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:65 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

kanalas Oláh and Johanson, 2012:218 [Type locality: Peru, Dept. Pasco, Yanachaga Chemilien [sic, Chemillén] NP, INRENA Refugio El Cedro, 10°32.717S, 75°21.492W, el. 2460 m; HNHM; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

nigrifrons Banks, 1913a:238 [Type locality: Rio Negro, E. Colombia; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:8 [discussion of holotype]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

nigripenne Flint, 1981a:18 [Type locality: Venezuela, Miranda, Parque Nacional Guatopo, Santa Cruz de Río Grande; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

oaxacensis Bueno-Soria, in Flint et al., 1999a:76 [replacement name for Centromacronema ferrugineum Bueno-Soria, 1986:62, preoccupied by Leptonema ferrugineum (Navás), 1924c:80]. [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Metates, 5 km al S de Valle Nacional (Sierra de Jurez); IBUNAM; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

obscurum (Ulmer), 1905a:83 [Type locality: Brazil, Alta da Serra bei Santos; BMNH; ♂; in Macronema]. —Ulmer, 1907c:112 [to synonymy of auripenne]. —Flint, 1996b:411 [resurrected, distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:22 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia, Brazil, Honduras, Peru.

oculatum (Walker), 1852:75 [Type locality: Venezuela; BMNH; ♂; in Macronema]. —Ulmer, 1907d:166 [to Centromacronema]. —Betten and Mosely, 1940:207 [♂; lectotype; venation]. —Flint, 1981a:18 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

pioneira Dias and Calor, 2016:130 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Teresinha, Pedra Branca, Serra da Jiboia, Morro da Pioneira, Córrego das Torres, 12°51'01.6’’S, 39°28'48’’W, el. 679 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Brazil.

poyanawa Dias and Calor, 2016:133 [Type locality: Brazil, Acre, Mâncio Lima, Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Igarapé Amor, 07°26'46.6’’S, 73°40'10.8’’W, el. 291 m; MZUSP; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

pygmaeum Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:33 [Type locality: Trinidad, Northern Coast Road W. from Maracas Bay, hygropetric habitat (Spring from rock); ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992 [for 1993]:203 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution; ecology]. —Flint, 1996a:84 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:92 [checklist].

Distribution. Trinidad, Venezuela.

talan Oláh and Johanson, 2012:220 [Type locality: Peru, Huanuco, stream at Carpish, 76°09'W, 9°40'S, el. 2500 m; NRM; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

Genus Cheumatopsyche Wallengren [6]

Cheumatopsyche Wallengren, 1891:138, 142 [Type species: Hydropsyche lepida Pictet 1834, by monotypy]. —Gordon, 1974:117 [revision, Nearctic species]. —Schefter, 2005:149 [phylogeny]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:176 [review of species groups]. —Oláh et al., 2008:1 [review of Oriental and Afrotripical species]. —Geraci et al., 2010:925 [classification; phylogeny].

This is a large genus of several hundred species found on all continents except South America. Several species occuring in the southwestern U.S.A. also occur in Nearctic northern Mexico and are listed below.

Immature stages of a number of species from many regions of the world have been described, (Lepneva 1970, Scott 1983, Wiggins 1996). The larvae spin retreats and silken nets to capture food from flowing waters.

arizonensis (Ling), 1938:66 [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Chiricahua Mts.; CAS; ♂; in Hydropsychodes]. —Flint, 1967d:168 [distribution; as zion Ross]. —Gordon, 1974:124 [♂; ♀; redescription]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:205 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:303 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:185 [phenology, distribution].

—zion Ross, 1947:141 [Type locality: United States, Utah, Zion National Park; INHS; ♂]. —Gordon, 1974:124 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

enonis Ross, 1938b:153 [Type locality: [United States], Wyoming, Parco, along North Platte River near town; MCZ; ♂; ♀]. —Ross, 1944:294 [♂]. —Gordon, 1974: 142 [review]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:304 [biology].

—geolca Denning, 1952:21 [Type locality: [United States], Nevada, Humboldt River, near Carlin, el. 4900; CAS; ♂]. —Gordon, 1974:142 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

gelita Denning, 1952:20 [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Diamond Creek, White Mts.; SEMC; ♂]. —Flint, 1967d:168 [distribution]. —Gordon, 1974:143 [♂; ♀; redescription]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:206 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:303 [biology].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

lasia Ross, 1938b:154 [Type locality: United States, Oklahoma, Davis; INHS; [♂; ♀]. —Gordon, 1974:132[♂; ♀; redescription]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:206 [distribution]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Bowles et al., 2007:22 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

mickeli Denning, 1942:50 [Type locality: United States, California, Morgan Hill (Santa Clara County); UMSP; [♂; ♀]. —Ross, 1951a:71 [distribution]. —Denning, 1964:133 [checklist; as micleli]. —Gordon, 1974:132 [♂; ♀; redescription]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:206 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

pinula Denning, 1952:21 [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Carrizo Creek, near Carrizo; SEMC; ♂]. —Gordon, 1974:133 [♂; ♀; redescription]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:206 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:304 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:185 [phenology, distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

Genus Diplectrona Westwood [2]

Diplectrona Westwood, 1839:49 [Type species: Aphelocheira flavomaculata Stephens, 1836, nec Pictet, synonym of Diplectrona felix McLachlan, original designation].

Diplectrona, with about 120 species, is found in all biogeographic regions, but concentrated in the Oriental and Australasian regions and absent from South America. In the New World it is exclusively northern with sparse representation in Mexico and Guatemala at higher elevations. Schefter (1996) provided evidence that neither the genus nor the subfamily may be monophyletic.

In Mesoamerica, the immature stages live in small streams at higher elevations, usually in the pine forest zone. They construct a typical hydropsychid capture net and retreat on solid objects in the substrate. The retreat is rather rough and bulky, constructed mostly of irregular pieces of plant matter (Flint, personal observation).

chiapensis Flint, 1967b:14 [Type locality: Mexico (Chiapas), Dolores, route 190, km 1190; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:205 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico.

solitaria Bueno-Soria, 1986:55 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Ruta 175 Miahuatlán-Pochutla; IBUNAM; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

Genus Hydropsyche Pictet [9]

Hydropsyche Pictet, 1834:23,139 [Type species: Hydropsyche cinerea Pictet, 1834, subsequent designation of Ross, 1944, generally considered a synonym of instabilis Curtis]. —Schefter, 2005:148 [revision; phylogeny]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:56 [revision]. —Geraci et al. 2010:925 [revision].

Ceratopsyche Ross and Unzicker, 1977:305 [Type species: Hydropsyche bronta Ross, 1938b, original designation, as subgenus of Symphitopsyche Ulmer, 1907a]. —Schefter et al., 1986:69 [as subgenus of Hydropsyche]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:56 [to synonymy]. —Geraci et al., 2010:926 [revision].

Mexipsyche Ross and Unzicker, 1977:305 [Type species: Mexipsyche dampfi Ross and Unzicker, 1977, original designation]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:56 [to synonymy]. —Geraci et al., 2010:926 [classification].

This genus of almost 600 species is cosmopilitan, but absent from South America and Australia. Like Cheumatopsyche, the species in Latin America are largely found in the northern half of Mexico, although those formerly placed in Mexipsyche occur in southern Mexico and Guatemala. Hydropsyche has been the subject a several taxonomic and phylogenetic assessments (Schefter et al., 1986, Schefter 2005, Oláh and Johanson 2008) and its once unsteady classification is nearing a stable concensus (Geraci et al., 2010).

The well-known larvae are common and abundant in flowing waters or along the waveswept shores of northern lakes (Ross 1944, Wallace and Merritt 1980, Schuster and Etnier 1978, Shefter and Wiggins 1986). Their nets have been the subjects of many studies (Merritt and Wallace 1981). The larva, pupa, retreat and habitat of Hydropsyche toschiae (as Mexipsyche) were described by Bueno-Soria (1984c).

ancestralis (Ross and Unziker), 1977:306 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Jaloa; INHS; ♂; as Mexipsyche]. —Flint et al., 1999b:69 [catalog, as Mexipsyche]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:56 [to Hydropsyche].

Distribution. Mexico.

auricolor Ulmer, 1905c:33 [Type locality: Mexico; MNHNP; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:206 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:32 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:304 [biology; distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:185 [phenology, distribution].

—solex Ross, 1944:271 [Type locality: United States, Texas, Balmorhea, along stone irrigation flume; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1967d:168 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:190 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

dampfi (Ross and Unzicker), 1977:306 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Tecpatan; INHS; ♂; as Mexipsyche]. —Flint et al., 1999b:69 [catalog, as Mexipsyche]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:56 [to Hydropsyche]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

delrio Ross, 1941:86 [Type locality: United States, Texas, near San Felipe Springs, Del Rio; INHS; ♂; ♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:206 [distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:22 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:32 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

occidentalis Banks, 1900:258 [Type locality: United States, Washington, Pullman; MCZ; ♂]. —Ross, 1938a:17 [♂; lectotype]. —Denning, 1964:133 [checklist]. —Flint, 1967d:169 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:206 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:303 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:185 [phenology, distribution].

—novamexicana Banks, 1904a:110 [Type locality: New Mexico, Roswell; MCZ; ♂]. —Milne, 1936:73 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

oslari Banks, 1905:13 [Type locality: United States, southwestern Colorado; MCZ; ♂; ♀]. —Ross, 1938a:18 [♂; lecotype]. —Denning, 1964:133 [checklist]. —Flint, 1967d:168 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:206 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:303 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:185 [phenology, distribution].

—partita Banks, 1914a:252 [Type locality: United States, California, San Gabriel Mts., Switzer’s Camp; MCZ; ♂]. —Milne, 1936:73 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

philo Ross, 1941:90 [Type locality: United States, California, Hastings Natural History Reservation, Monterey County; MCZ; ♂; ♀]. —Ross, 1951a:70 [distribution]. —Denning, 1964:133 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:206 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

toschiae Denning, 1965a:80 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Fortin de las Flores, near Córdoba; CAS; ♂; ♀]. —Ross and Unzicker, 1977:306 [♂; ♀; to Mexipsyche]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:206 [distribution; in Hydropsyche]. —Bueno-Soria, 1984c:49 [biology; retreat; larva; pupa]. —Flint et al., 1999b:69 [catalog, as Mexipsyche]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:56 [to Hydropsyche].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico.

vespertina Flint, 1967b:14 [Type locality: Mexico, Michoacan, Tuxpan; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:206 [distribution]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:32 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

Genus Leptonema Guérin-Méneville [125]

Leptonema Guérin-Méneville, 1843:396 [Type species: Leptonema pallida Guérin-Méneville, 1843, by monotypy]. —Ulmer 1907a:58 [catalog]. —Mosely, 1933:1 [revision]. —Flint et al., 1987:1 [revision]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:963 [Costa Rican species; key].

Neoleptonema Ulmer, 1907b:61 [Type species: Neoleptonema aspersum Ulmer, 1907, by monotypy]. —Flint et al., 1987:3 [to synonymy].

Flint et al. (1987) provided a comprehensive review of the genus, but since then 34 new species have been described from the region. The genus also has species in Africa and Madagascar. The adults are much larger than most Neotropical caddisflies and the common and abundant larvae certainly contribute greatly to secondary production in streams.

Larvae live in a wide range of running water habitats, from small first order streams to large meandering rivers (Flint and Wallace 1980, Scott 1983, Wiggins 1996, Nessimian and Dumas 2010). Oliveira and Froehlich (1996) recorded diatoms as the most frequent food item of an unidentified Brazilian species, but green algae and insect fragments were also common in the gut. The food consumed by larvae of Leptonema tridens was reported to be plant fibers, insect parts, filamentous algae, fungal hyphae, and detrital matter (Nessimian and Dumas 2010), indicating that the species was an omnivorous filterer, likely typical of the genus as a whole.

acutum Mosely, 1933:61 [Type locality: Guatemala, Baja Verapaz, Panimá; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:51 [♂; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua.

agraphum (Kolenati), 1859:148 [Type locality: Brazil; NMW; ♂; in Macronema]. —Flint et al., 1987:43 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:357 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:23 [checklist].

—trilobata (Jacquemart), 1962:1 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Rio de Janeiro, Bomanca; IRSNB; ♂; in Hydropsyche]. —Flint et al., 1987:43 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Brazil.

albovirens (Walker), 1852:76 [Type locality: Venezuela; BMNH; ♂; in Macronema]. —Flint, 1968b:31 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1981a:19 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:208 [distribution]. —Flint et al., 1987:65 [♂; distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:4 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:66 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:83 [♂; distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:540 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:203 [distribution; ecology]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:33 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:54 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:83 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1185 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:989 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:93 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Viloria, 2002:108 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist]. —Djernaes, 2011:8 [♂; ♀]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

—guatemalum Banks, 1913b:89 [Type locality: Guatemala, Dpto. Solola, Olas de Moka; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:8 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, St. Vincent, Tobago, Trinidad, U.S.A., Venezuela.

album Mosely, 1933:49 [Type locality: Ecuador; ZSZMH; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:71 [♂; distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:222 [distribution].

Distribution. Ecuador.

alceatum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:65 [Type locality: Peru, Dpto. Cuzco, Santa Isabel, Cosipata Valley; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:414 [distribution].

Distribution. Bolivia, Peru.

amazonense Flint, 1978:399 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Ducke; INPA; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:39 [/male; distribution; wings]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Ribeiro et al., 2009:34 [list of types]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Nogueira et al., 2011:176 [community ecology; distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:23 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Venezuela.

amplifurcatum Dumas and Nessimian, 2009a:65 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Mangaratiba: Reserva Ecológica Rio das Pedras, Rio Grande, 22°59'31.20"S 44°06'18.00"W, el. 96 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:23 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

andinum Flint, 1991:83 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Espadera, 7 km E Medellín [road to Sta. Elena]; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

andrea Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:51 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pcia. Pastaza, Estación Fluviometrico, 27 km N Puyo; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

anomalum Flint, 2008:464 [Type locality: Peru, Depto. Cuzco, Pcia. Paucartambo, Puente San Pedro, [km 152], [44] km, NW Pilcopata, [13°03.30'S, 71°32.78'W, el. 1450 m]; MHNJP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Peru.

araguense Flint, 1981a:20 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Aragua, Choroni Pass; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:52 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Venezuela.

archboldi Flint, 1968b:29 [Type locality: Dominica, 0.5 mi S Pont Casse; NMNH; ♂; larva]. —Flint et al., 1987:67 [♂; distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1988:219 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:51 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:93 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:56 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique.

asclepium Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:60 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Pcia. Cartago, Turrialba; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:66 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:983 [♂; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua.

aspersum (Ulmer), 1907c:61 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Rita; NMW; ♀; in Neoleptonema]. —Flint, 1974c:103 [♂; distribution]. —Flint et al., 1987:29 [♂; to Leptonema; distribution; wings]. —Flint, 1992d:67 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:23 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela.

aterrimum Mosely, 1933:21 [Type locality: Brazil, Unter Amazon, Taperinha, bei Santarem; NMW; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:42 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:23 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

auriculatum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:47 [Type locality: Bolivia, Dpto. La Paz, quebradas del Río Zongo; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Bolivia.

banksi Mosely, 1933:55 [Type locality: Colombia, Bogota; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:72 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

bifurcatodes Flint, 2008:462 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional Itatiaia, Rio Campo Belo, 22°27.033'N[S], 44°36.318'W, el. 1300 m; MZSP; ♂; ♀]. —Dumas et al., 2009:357 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:12 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:23 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

bifurcatum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:44 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Espirito Santo; NMW; ♂]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1277 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:23 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

bilobatum Schmid, 1964:318 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Cundinamarca, Monterredondo; CNC; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:53 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

boliviense boliviense Mosely, 1933:36 [Type locality: Bolivia, Tipuani, Quellft d’Beni; ZMZMH; ♂; destroyed]. —Flint et al., 1987:47 [♂; distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:222 [distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution]. —Rueda Martín and Isa Miranda, 2015:211 [redescription; ♂; larva; pupa; biology; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Peru.

boliviense plumosum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:47 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Tucuman, Cumbre Tafecillo; NMNH; ♂]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

boraceia Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:44 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. São Paulo, Estação Biológica Boracéia, Mun. Salesópolis; MZUSP; ♂; wings]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:357 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:24 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

bunkok Oláh and Johanson, 2012:222 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 104 mao, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W; NRM; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

campanum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:60 [Type locality: Panama, Pcia. Panama, Cerro Campana, near Chica; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:66 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:983 [♂; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

championi Mosely, 1933:35 [Type locality: Guatemala, Baja Vera Paz, Cahabon; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:61 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico.

cheesmanae Mosely, 1933:51 [Type locality: Colombia, Gorgona Island; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:72 [♂; distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:540 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1997:130 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:991 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama.

chiapense Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:53 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Chiapas, Cascada Misolja, 20 km S Palenque; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:355 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

chila Flint, 1967b:15 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Guerrero, near Chilpancingo (route 95, km 297); NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:209 [distribution]. —Flint et al., 1987:53 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

chocoense Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:40 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Choco, km 130, 86 km E Quibdo; NMNH; ♂; wings]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

cinctum Ulmer, 1905a:64 [Type locality: Ecuador, Balzapamba; PAN; ♂]. —Flint, 1966a:5 [holotype; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:17 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Flint, 1991:81 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

clorito Muñoz-Quesada, 1997:117 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Cerro Campana, ca.6 km (air) NW Dos Ríos, 10.9°N, 85.4°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:993 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

coheni Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:53 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pcia. Cotopaxi, 113 km W Latacunga; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

columbianum Ulmer, 1905a:61 [Type locality: Colombia; PAN; ♀]. —Flint, 1966a:5 [♀; lectotype]. —Flint, 1974c:101 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1982c:31 [distribution]. —Flint et al., 1987:33 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1991:81 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist]. —Cohen, 2004:75 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:24 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

—externum Banks, 1913b:87 [Type locality: Brazil, camp 41, 360 km from Porto Velho; MCZ; ♀]. —Mosely, 1933:13 [to synonymy].

—cellare Navás, 1927a:41 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais; DEI; ♀]. —Flint, 1978:385 [to synonymy].

—silvestrinum Navás, 1934a:168 [Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Corumba; DEI; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:17 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

complexum Mosely, 1933:54 [Type locality: Panama, Bugaba; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:72 [♂; distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:66 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:540 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:993 [♂; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

coronatum Flint, 2008:461 [Type locality: Venezuela, T. F. [now Edo.] Amazonas, Río Agua Blanca, 29 km Puerto Ayacucho; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

crassum Ulmer, 1905a:58 [Type locality: Brazil, Espirito Santo; ZSZMH; ♂; destroyed]. —Weidner, 1964:84 [type]. —Flint, 1972b:235 [distribution]. —Flint, 1978b:385 [type; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:209 [distribution]. —Flint et al., 1987:34 [♂; distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:4 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c: 66 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:540 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:415 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1185 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:966 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist]. —Cohen, 2004:75 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1277 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:24 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

—radiale Navás, 1927a:42 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais; DEI; ♀]. —Flint, 1978:385 [to synonymy].

—grisolinum Navás, 1933b:312 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Miranda, Caucagua; MNHNP; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:17 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela.

cressae Flint, 2008:468 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Tachira, Queb. Mesa del Palmar, 5 km S El Cobre, 7°59.851'N, 72°03.759'W; UMSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

davisi Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:41 [Type locality: Venezuela, T.F. Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, basecamp, 0°50'N, 66°10'W; NMNH; ♂; wings].

Distribution. Venezuela.

divaricatum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:36 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pcia. Pichincha, 29 km W Santo Domingo de los Colorados; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:67 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:81 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:971 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist].

—crassum Mosely, 1933:12 [misidentification [Cachabé, Ecuador], sensu Flint et al., 1987]. —Fischer, 1947:313 [misidentification sensu Flint et al., 1987]. —Schmid, 1964:317 [misidentification sensu Flint et al., 1987]. —Flint, 1981a:20 [misidentification sensu Flint et al., 1987].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela.

dyeri Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:61 [Type locality: Honduras, Tegucigalpa; NMNH; ♂]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:4 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1185 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist].

Distribution. El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua.

ekisi Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:54 [Type locality: Panama, Pcia. Chiriqui, Bambito; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:67 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:540 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:972 [♂; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

enikolah Oláh and Johanson, 2012:223 [Type locality: Colombia, Minca, el. 650 m; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Colombia.

eugnathum (Müller), 1921:536 [Type locality: Brazil, [Sta. Catarina], Itajahy; MCZ; ♂; in Macronema]. —Flint et al., 1987:45 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:24 [checklist].

—ochraceum Mosely, 1933:28 [Type locality: Brazil, Sta. Catarina, Boiteuxburgo; ZSZMH; ♂; destroyed]. —Ulmer, 1957:341 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Brazil.

ferelunatum Jardim, Dumas and Nessimian 2010:51 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro state, Nova Friburgo municipality, Lumiar, Córrego Boa Vista, Cachoeira Indiana Jones, 22°19'02.1"S, 42°17'28.5"W, el. 900 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:24 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

flintorum Muñoz-Quesada, 1997:119 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Bellavista, ca. 1.5 km NW Las Alturas, 8.951°N, 82.846°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:972 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

forficulum Mosely, 1933:52 [Type locality: Panama, Cabima; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:73 [♂; distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:67 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:540 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:998 [♂; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama.

fortunum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:54 [Type locality: Panama, Pcia. Chiriqui, Fortuna Dam Site; NMNH; ♂]. —McElravy et al., 1981:153 [as species A]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:67 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:540 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:976 [♂; distribution].—Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

furciligerum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:73 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Pcia. Puntarenas, Golfito; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:67 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:999 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

gadzux Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:43 [Type locality: Venezuela, T.F. Amazonas, San Carlos de Río Negro, 1°56'N, 67°03'W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

guyanense Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:37 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo Bolívar, Kanarakuni; IZAM; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

hamuli Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:55 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:67 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:540 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1185 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:977 [♂; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama.

harpagum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:74 [Type locality: Peru, Dpto. Huanuco, Monson Valley, Tingo Maria; CAS; ♂]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:224 [distribution].

Distribution. Peru.

heppneri Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:55 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Lara, Yacumbú National Park; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

hirsutum Flint, 1974c:102 [Type locality: Suriname, Tapanahoni River, Granhoni Poeketi; RNH; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:38 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela.

huismanae Muñoz-Quesada, 1997:117 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tribs., 10.216°N, 84.607°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:977 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

inca Mosely, 1933:38 [Type locality: Peru, Pachitea; ZSZMH; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:74 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:413 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:224 [distribution].

Distribution. Bolivia, Peru.

inspiratum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:56 [Type locality: Peru, Dpto. Puno, Río Inambari/Loromayu; CNC; ♂]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:225 [distribution].

Distribution. Peru.

insulanum Banks, 1924:455 [Type locality: mislabelled as Puerto Rico, San Juan; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1964a:36 [♂; larva; distribution; synonymy]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [Puerto Rico, in error]. —Flint, 1981a:20 [♂; distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Flint, 1982:16 [larva]. —Flint et al., 1987:45 [♂; distribution; not on Puerto Rico].

—ulmeri Mosely, 1933:39 [Type locality: Venezuela; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1964a:36 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Venezuela.

intermedium Mosely, 1933:48 [Type locality: Ecuador, Chimbo; ZSZMH; ♂]. —Weidner 1964:84 [type]. —Flint et al., 1987:74 [♂; distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:67 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:540 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:999 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:225 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama.

irroratum Flint, 1974c:100 [Type locality: Suriname, Nassau Mountains, trail km 11.2, north valley near large falls; RNH; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:40 [♂; distribution; wings].

Distribution. Suriname, Venezuela.

janolah Oláh and Johanson, 2012:225 [Type locality: Ecuador, Western Andean Slope, Alambi; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

ketos Oláh and Johanson, 2012:226 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 104 mao, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W; NRM; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

kunbenorum Oláh and Johanson, 2012:227 [Type locality: Peru, dept. Pasco, Yanachaga Chemilien [sic, Chemillén] NP, INRENA Refugio El Cedro, 10°32.717S, 75°21.492W, el. 2460 m; HNHM; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

lacuniferum Flint, 1978:384 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Gebeit Endstation Rio Marauia, Bergbach II; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:18 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:24 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Venezuela.

lineaticorne Flint, 2008:458 [Type locality: Peru, Pcia. Madre de Dios, Manu, Pakitza, Biol. Sta., Quebrada Pakitza near intersection with Río Manu, 11°56.65'S, 71°16.98'W, el. 350 m; MHNJP; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1996: 415 [as n. sp. 2]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:24 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Peru.

lojaense Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:18 [Type locality: Ecuador, Environs de Loja; MCZ; ♂; wings].

Distribution. Ecuador.

lunatum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:38 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Corupa (Hansa Humboldt); AMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:24 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

macacu Flint, 2008:458 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Rio de Janeiro, Rio Macacú (2nd order), on RJ 116, Km 62, 22°23.201'S, 42°33.395'W, el. 840 m; MZSP; ♂]. —Dumas et al., 2009:357 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:25 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

maculatum Mosely, 1933:20 [Type locality: Brazil, Unter Amazon, Taperinha, bei Santarem; NMW; ♂]. —Flint, 1974c:100 [♂; distribution]. —Flint et al., 1987:41 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Nogueira et al., 2011:176 [community ecology, distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:228 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:25 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname.

magas Oláh and Johanson, 2012:229 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., river crossing rd. Olmos-Tarapoto, 385 km (rd.) E Olmos Desv. Jaén, 5°40.055'S, 77°43.396'W; NRM; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

mandibulatum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:38 [Type locality: Peru, Dpto. Huanuco, Tingo Maria; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:415 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:230 [distribution].

Distribution. Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru.

masinca Oláh and Johanson, 2012:230 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., La Catarata de Ahuashiyascu, 6°27.544’ S, 76°18.192’ W; NRM; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

mastigion Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:56 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pcia. Los Ríos, Río Palenque Biological Station; NMNH; ♂]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:231 [distribution].

Distribution. Ecuador.

meginca Oláh and Johanson, 2012:232 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., creek crossing rd. Juan Guerra-Chazuta, 14 km (rd.) E Colombia Bridge, 6°35.594’ S, 76°13.172’ W; NRM; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

menkei Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:18 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Lara, Parque Nacional Yacambú; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

michoacanense Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:56 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Michoacán, San Lorenzo, rt. 15, km 206; NMNH; ♂]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

moselyi Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:67 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Morelos, Xochitepec; NMNH; ♂]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

naevosum Navás, 1916b:66 [Type locality: Colombia, Coachí; collection Apollinaris, probably lost; ♀]. —Flint et al., 1987:76 [nomen dubium]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

neadelphus Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:49 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, 10 km E Medellín, road to La Palma; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1991:81 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

neblinense Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:41 [Type locality: Venezuela, T.F. Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, Camp X, 0°54'N, 60°2'W; NMNH; ♂; wings].

Distribution. Venezuela.

nubestre Flint, 2008:456 [Type locality: Colombia, Dept. Magdalena, Las Nubes, el. 1370 m; CMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Colombia.

nygmosum Navás, 1916b:65 [Type locality: Colombia, Coachí; collection Navás, now lost?; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:76 [nomen dubium]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

olmos Oláh and Johanson, 2012:233 [Type locality: Peru, Amazonas Prov., river crossing Olmos-Tarapoto rd., 71 km (rd.) E Olmos Desv. Jaén, 5°41.178'S, 77°46.421'W; NRM; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

pallidum Guérin-Méneville, 1843:396 [Type locality: Brazil; type depository unknown; sex unknown]. —Banks, 1901:370 [misidentification]. —Flint et al., 1987:68 [♂; distribution]. —Oliveira and Froehlich, 1996:757 [biology]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:357 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:12 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1277 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:234 [distribution]. —Costa et al., 2014:219 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:25 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

—furcatum Ulmer, 1905a:57 [Type locality: Brazil, Espírito Santo; PAN; ♂]. —Mosely, 1939b:310 [to synonymy].

—flagellata (Jacquemart), 1962:6 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. de Rio de Janeiro, Bomanca; IRSNB; ♂; in Hydropsyche]. —Flint et al., 1987:68 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, French Guiana.

piliferum Schmid, 1964:318 [Type locality: Bolivia, Cochabamba, Alto Palmar; CNC; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:19 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Bolivia.

pinotepa Bueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso, and Barba-Álvarez, 2001:153 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Metates, Sierra de Juárez, el. 1600 m; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

plicatum Mosely, 1933:58 [Type locality: Guatemala, Dptos. Sololá and Suchitepéquez, Volcan de Atitlán; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:209 [distribution]. —Flint et al., 1987:57 [♂; distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:235 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico.

poeyi (Banks), 1938:299 [Type locality: Cuba, coast below Pico Turquino; MCZ; ♂; in Macronema]. —Flint, 1967c:8 [♂; lectotype]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:47 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1980:108 [distribution]. —Flint et al., 1987:30 [♂; distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:464 [larva]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:93 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist]. —López del Castillo et al., 2007:171 [distribution; seasonal abundance].

Distribution. Cuba.

pseudocinctum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:19 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pcia. Tungurahua, 39 km E Banos; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

pseudostigmosum Flint, 1981a:20 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Rancho Grande; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:19 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Venezuela.

rafita Muñoz-Quesada, 1997:124 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Peje and falls, ca. 1 km SE San Vicente, Ciudad Quesada, 10.277°N, 84.388°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:979 [♂; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:4 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

ramosum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:68 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Bolvar, 10 km S of km 88, Piedra de Virgen; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela.

rosenbergi Mosely, 1933:47 [Type locality: Ecuador, Cachabé; ZSZMH; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:75 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:235 [distribution].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

rostratum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:30 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Entre Ríos, Salto Grande; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1992d:67 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:7 [checklist]. —Ribeiro et al., 2009:34 [list of types]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Costa et al., 2014:219 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:25 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

salvini Mosely, 1933:57 [Type locality: Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:46 [♂; distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:67 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:540 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:980 [♂; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

sancticaroli Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:30 [Type locality: Venezuela, T.F. Amazonas, 2 km E San Carlos de Río Negro; NMNH; ♂]. —Dumas et al., 2010:7 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:25 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Venezuela.

santosi Jardim, Dumas and Nessimian, 2010:56 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro state, Nova Friburgo municipality, Lumiar, Córrego Boa Vista, Sítio Dois Irmãos, 22°19'01.5"S, 42°17'23.3"W, el. 910 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:25 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

serranum Navás, 1933c:112 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. São Paulo, Alto da Serra; DEI; ♀]. —Flint et al., 1987:45 [placement]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:25 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Brazil.

serratum Jardim, Dumas and Nessimian, 2010:57 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro state, Macaé municipality, Crubixais de Cima, 1st order tributary of Rio Crubixais, 22°11'38.4"S, 42°04'46.1"W, el. 576 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:26 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

simplex Mosely, 1933:57 [Type locality: Ecuador, Loja; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:57 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Ecuador.

simulans mayanum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:62 [Type locality: Guatemala, Dpto. Huehuetenango, 20 mi NW Huehuetenango; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:209 [distribution; as nominotypical species]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:5 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1185 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:41 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua.

simulans simulans Mosely, 1933:62 [Type locality: Panama, V. de Chiriqui; BMNH; ♂]. —Weidner, 1964:84 [type]. —Flint et al., 1987:62 [♂; distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:67 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:540 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:985 [♂; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

sinuatum Mosely, 1933:59 [Type locality: Colombia, Gorgona Island; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:57 [♂; distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:68 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:540 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:981 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama.

sociale Flint, 2008:464 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Orellana, Río Tiputini, [Tiputini Biodiversity Station, SE Puerto Orellana], 0°38.2'S, 76°08.9'W; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1996:414 [as n. sp. 3, distribution].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru.

spangleri Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:69 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Barinas, Barinitas; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

sparsum (Ulmer), 1905a:76 [Type locality: Brazil; ZIUH; ♂; in Macronema (Leptonema?)]. —Flint, 1974c:98 [♂; distribution]. —Flint et al., 1987:32 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Aguila, 1992:540 [distribution]. —Flint, 1992d:68 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:415 [distribution]. —Marinoni and Almeida, 2000:286 [distribution; biology]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:75 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:358 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Nogueira et al., 2011:176 [community ecology, distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:235 [checklist]. —Costa et al., 2014:220 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:26 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

speciosum (Burmeister), 1839:916 [Type locality: Brazil; ZIUH; ♂; as Macronemum speciosum]. —Flint et al., 1987:45 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:358 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:26 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

spinulum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:63 [Type locality: Peru, Dept. Cuzco, Cosnipata Valley, Hacienda Maria; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:414 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:26 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela.

spirillum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:50 [Type locality: Peru, Dept. Cuzco, Paucartambo, Cosnipata Valley; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1991:83 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:413 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:235 [distribution].

Distribution. Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela.

stigmaticum Navás, 1916a:30 [Type locality: Brazil, Nueva Friburgo; collection Navás, now lost?; ♀]. —Flint et al., 1987:46 [Neotype: Brazil, Edo. Rio de Janeiro, 26 km E Nova Friburgo; MZUSP; ♂; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:358 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:26 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

stigmosum Ulmer, 1905a:60 [Type locality: Ecuador, Balzapamba; PAN; ♂]. —Flint, 1966a:6 [♂; lectotype]. —Flint et al., 1987:50 [♂;distribution]. —Flint, 1991:83 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist]. —Medellín et al., 2004:201 [distribution].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela.

tapanti Muñoz-Quesada, 1997:128 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, Quebrada Palmitos and falls, 9.72°N, 83.78°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:971 [♂; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

tholloni Navás, 1923c:48 [Type locality: Gabon [in error; actually Brazil sensu Flint et al., 1987:46]; MNHNP; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:46 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:358 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:26 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

tica Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:987 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Estación Carrillo, Quebrada Sanguijuela, 10.160°N, 83.963°W, el. 800 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

tollas Oláh and Johanson, 2012:235 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., creek crossing rd. Juan Guerra-Chazuta, 14 km (rd.) E Colombia Bridge, 6°35.594’ S, 76°13.172’ W; NRM; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

tridens Mosely, 1933:17 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:46 [♂; distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:358 [distribution]. —Nessimian and Dumas, 2010:466 [larva; pupa; biology]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2011:9 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:12. —Paprocki and França, 2014:26 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Brazil, Paraguay [?].

trifidum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:75 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pcia. Napo, Tena; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:413 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:236 [distribution].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru.

tripartitum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:64 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Honda, 12 km SW Fredonia; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

trispicatum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:46 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Sao Paulo, Municipalidad de Iporanga; MZUSP; ♂]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:320 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:27 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Brazil.

turrialbum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:58 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Pcia. Cartago, Turrialba; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:68 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:981 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

uncatum Mosely, 1933:41 [Type locality: Colombia, Sozonoco; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1987:65 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

viridianum Navás, 1916a:31 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia; collection Navás, now lost?; ♀]. —Flint et al., 1987:70 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:414 [distribution]. —Oliveira and Froehlich, 1996:757 [biology]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:358 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:12 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1277 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:236 [distribution]. —Souza et al., 2013a:4 [distribution]. —Costa et al., 2014:220 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:27 [checklist].

—dissimile Mosely 1933:43 [Type locality: Bolivia, Pcia. Sara; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1974c:101 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1978:384 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

vitum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:58 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Pcia. Puntarenas, Las Cruces, near San Vito; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:68 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:982 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

woldianum Flint, McAlpine and Ross, 1987:59 [Type locality: Panama, Pcia. Chiriquí, Fortuna dam site; NMNH; ♂]. —McElravy, et al., 1981:153 [as species B]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:68 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:541 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 1999:982 [♂; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

Genus Macronema Pictet [33 + †1]

Macronema Pictet, 1836:400 [Type species: Macronema lineatum Pictet 1836, by monotypy]. —Ulmer, 1907c:62 [revision]. —Flint, 1978:386 [systematics]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1979:524 [revision]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:358 [redefinition]. —Wichard, 2007a:22 [diagnosis].

Macronemum Burmeister, 1839:915 [unjustified emendation of Macronema, apparently intended to replace Macronema Stephens, 1829 (Coleoptera), which was a nomen nudum for Macronema; see ICZN, 1962:80].

This genus of strikingly colored species is endemic to the Neotropics. Many of the species have the basal half or two-thirds of the forewing covered with emerald green scales, with the apex irrorate, in various manners, with gold, black, silver, or brown scales.

Flint and Bueno-Soria (1982) described the immature stages and retreat of a Mexican species. They construct tubular, silken retreats in tangles of plant roots or trailing plants in flowing water, but apparently without a definitive capture net. Small, cubic pieces of plant mater in the gut suggests that the larvae bite them off the surrounding vegetation. They pupate within a strengthened larval tube, closed by plugs of vegetation.

amazonense Flint, 1978:403 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Egler, Estrada Amazonas 010, km 64; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Ribeiro et al., 2009:34 [list of types]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:27 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

argentilineatum Ulmer, 1905a:77 [Type locality: [Brazil], Par [Pará], Amazonstrom; PAN; ♂]. —Flint, 1966a:6 [♂; holotype; wings]. —Flint, 1974c:109 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:27 [checklist].

—polygramma Navás, 1927a:42 [Type locality: Brazil, Sao Paulo de Olivensa, Rio Solimoes; DEI; ♂]. —Flint, 1978:392, 402 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

bicolor Ulmer, 1905a:75 [Type locality: Brasilien [Brazil], Santa Catharina [sic]; PAN; ♂]. —Flint, 1966a:6 [mlae/; lectotype; wings]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:359 [♂; synonymy; wings]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:13 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:27 [checklist].

—agnathum Müller, 1921:530 [Type locality: none given, but presumably, Brazil, Santa Catarina; NMW; ♂]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:359 [Neotype: Brazil, Santa Catarina; NMW; ♂; to synonymy].

—apicale (Navás), 1927a:40 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Geraes; DEI; ♂; in Leptonema]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:359 [to synonymy].

—chloraemus Müller, 1921:554 [Type locality: Brazil]. —Ulmer, 1957:340 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Brazil.

bifidum Flint, 1974c:113 [Type locality: Suriname, Litani River, near Feti Creek; RNH; ♂]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:237 [distribution].

Distribution. French Guiana, Suriname.

burmeisteri Banks, 1924:452 [Type locality: Peru, Yurimaguas; MCZ; ♀]. —Flint, 1967c:9 [lectotype]. —Flint, 1978:393, 402 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1979:527 [male/; distribution; wings]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:5 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:68 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:541 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1185 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:237 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:27 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru.

chalybeoides Ulmer, 1951:202 [replacement name for material from Mexico previously called chalybeum Hagen]. [Type locality: Mexico, Cuernavacca; NMW; ♂]. —Ulmer, 1905b:83 [as chalybeum Hag.; wings]. —Ulmer, 1907c:81 [as chalybeum Hag.; wings]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:209 [distribution]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1979:534 [♂; lectotype].

Distribution. Mexico.

esterum Flint, 1983a:54 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Corrientes, C. Pellegrini; MACN; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

exophthalmum Flint, 1978:391, 401 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Amazonas, Cachoeira do Gigante; NMNH; ♂; wings]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Ribeiro et al., 2009:34 [list of types]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:27 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

fragile Banks, 1914b (1915):631 [Type locality: British Guiana, Bartica; MCZ; ♂; as fragilis]. —Flint, 1967c:10 [♂; holotype]. —Flint, 1974c:110 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1978:403 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:237 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname.

fraternum Banks, 1910:159 [Type locality: Guiana; MCZ; ♀; as fraterna]. —Flint, 1967c:10 [♂; wings]. —Flint, 1974c; 114 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:411 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:68 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:238 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname.

fulvum Ulmer, 1905a:79 [Type locality: Brazil, Ilha Grande; ZSZMH; ♂]. —Weidner, 1964:86 [holotype destroyed]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:358 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

gundlachi Banks, 1924:454 [Type locality: Cuba; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:10 [♂; lectotype]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:47 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:466 [probable larva]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:93 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

hageni Banks, 1924:452 [Type locality: Brazil, Tapajos; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:10 [♂; lectotype, wings]. —Flint, 1974c:112 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1978:392 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:79 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Flint, 1992d:68 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

† hispaniola Wichard, 2007a:22 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; SMNS; ♂; in amber].

Distribution. Domincan Republic.

immaculatum Mosely, 1934a:139 [Type locality: [Brazil], Parana, Castro; BMNH; ♂; as immaculata]. —Oliveira and Froehlich, 1996:757 [biology]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:28 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

ketleben Oláh and Johanson, 2012:238 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 216 m, 4°33.257’ N, 52°11.920’ W; NRM; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

lachlani Banks, 1924:452 [Type locality: Brazil, Teffe; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:10 [♂; holotype; wings]. —Flint, 1978:392 [♂; wings]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

lineatum Pictet, 1836:400 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Caravellas; MHNG; ♂]. —Ulmer, 1907c:67 [wings]. —Botosaneanu and Schmid, 1973:233 [lectotype /male; without abdomen]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

luteipenne Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1979:532 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Rio Agua Salud, Navy Reserve (pipeline Road); NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:68 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:541 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama.

matthewsi Flint, 1964a:39 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, El Yunque, Big Tree Trail; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:93 [checklist].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

muelleri Banks, 1924:453 [Type locality: Brazil, Flores; MCZ; ♂; as mülleri]. —Flint, 1967c:11 [♂; lectotype]. —Flint, 1978:393, 402 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

paliferum Flint, 1974c:113 [Type locality: Suriname, Apisiké, southern boundary; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

partitum Navás, 1932b:63 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Barao Homem de Mello; DEI; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:358 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:13 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:28 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

parvum Ulmer, 1905a:73 [Type locality: “Südamerika”; PAN; ♂]. —Flint, 1966a:7 [♂; lectotype; wings]. —Flint, 1974c:112 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1978:393, 402 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:29 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

pennyi Flint, 1978:401 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Ducke; INPA; ♂; wings]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Ribeiro et al., 2009:34 [list of types]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:29 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

percitans Walker, 1860:177 [Type locality: [Brazil], Amazon Region; BMNH; ♂]. —Betten and Mosely, 1940:203 [♂; redescription holotype]. —Flint, 1974c:109 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1978:392, 402 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Flint, 1996b:411 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:29 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname.

pertyi Banks, 1924:451 [Type locality: Brazil, Tapajos; MCZ; ♀]. —Flint, 1967c:11 [holotype; wings]. —Flint, 1978:391, 401 [distribution; wings]. —Flint, 1996b:411 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:29 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Peru.

picteli Banks, 1915:631 [Type locality: British Guiana, Mallali; MCZ; ♂]. —Ulmer, 1907c:69 [argentilineatum (in part), example from Guyana only]. —Ulmer, 1913:395 [percitans; misidentification]. —Flint, 1967c:11 [as picteti; wings]. —Flint, 1974c:110 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Guyana, Suriname.

reinburgi Navás, 1933b:313 [Type locality: Perou, Iquitos (Haute Amazone); MNHNP; ♂]. —Flint, 1978:391 [/male; holotype; wings].

Distribution. Peru.

rubiginosum Guérin-Méneville, 1843:395 [Type locality: Brésil [Brazil]; type depository unknown; ♂?]. —Ulmer, l907c:75 [redescription]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:29 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

studiosorum Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1999:327 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Elizabeth, Y. S. Falls on Y. S. River; ZMA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:21 [as sp., distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:93 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

toblet Oláh and Johanson, 2012:239 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 104 mao, 4°33.035’ N, 52°11.661’ W; NRM; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

tremenda Botosaneanu, 1980:107 [Type locality: Cuba, Prov. Oriente, Cupeyal, Yateras; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:47 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:93 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

variipenne Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1979:528 [Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosi near Huichihuayan (Rt.85, km 399, 25 mi N of Tamazunchale); NMNH; ♂]. —Flint and —Bueno-Soria, 1982:362 [larva; pupa; biology]. —Ulmer, 1905a:80 [fulvum (in part), examples from Chiriqui only]. —Ulmer, 1907c:74 [percitans (in part), examples from Chiriqui only]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:5 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:68 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:541 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:412 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1186 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru [?].

Genus Macrostemum Kolenati [18]

Macrostemum Kolenati, 1859:239 [Type species: Hydropsyche hyalina Pictet, 1836, subsequent designation of Ulmer, 1957]. —Ulmer, 1907c:62 [revision, under Macronema]. —Ross, 1944:114 [characterization of Macrostemum carolina, Macrostemum transversum, Macronema zebratum, as Macronema]. —Ulmer, 1957:339 [type species selected: Hydropsyche hyalina Pictet]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:358 [redefinition; resurrected]. —Nimmo, 1987:173 [characterization]. —França et al., 2013:304 [revision of Neotropical species].

In the Neotropics and elsewhere, this genus is noted for its strikingly patterned adults. The wings have dark marks contrased against light or clear membranous areas. Species occur in North America, Asia, and Africa. The immature stages make complex retreats with very fine-meshed capture nets in or on a solid substrate, especially submerged wood (Flint and Bueno-Soria 1982, Lepneva 1970, Ross 1944, Scott 1983, Wiggins 1996).

arcuatum (Erichson), 1848:586 [Type locality: by inference, “Britisch-Guiana”; MCZ; ♂; as Macronema arcuata]. —Ulmer, 1907c:40 [♂; wings; in Pseudomacronema]. —Mosely, 1931:170 [distribution; in Pseudomacronema]. —Flint, 1974c:106 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1978:388, 400 [♂; distribution; wings; as Macronema]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:358 [to Macrostemum]. —Flint, 1996b:412 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —França et al., 2013:309 [♂; wings]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:29 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Peru, Suriname.

brasiliense (Fisher), 1970:242 [nomen novum for Phryganea maculata Perty, 1833, preoccupied in Phryganea by Phryganea maculata Donovan, 1813 which is now a synonym of Hydropsyche instabilis (Curtis, 1834)]. —França et al., 2013:309 [♂; wings; status]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:29 [checklist].

—maculatum (Perty), 1833:129 [Type locality: [Brazil], inter St. Pauli civitatem et Villam riccam; ZSM; ♂; as Phryganea maculata]. —Ulmer, 1907a:79 [wings; ♀; as Macronema]. —Ulmer, 1913:395 [♂; distribution; as Macronema]. —Fischer, 1963:190 [bibliography; as Macronema]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:358 [to Macrostemum]. —Burmeister 1983:273 [type situation; as Macronema]. —Burmeister, 1989:259 [lectotype; ♂; as Macronema]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:13 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —França et al., 2013:309 [to synonymy].

—tuberosum Ulmer, 1905b:82 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Brasilia; NMW; ♂; wings; in Macronema]. —Ulmer, 1907a:78 [♂; wings]. —Ulmer, 1907b:165 [distribution]. —Flint, 1966a:7 [lectotype; ♂; wings]. —Ulmer, 1913:408 [distribution]. —Fischer, 1963:199 [bibliography; checklist]. —Burmeister 1983: 273 [to synonymy of maculatum].

Distribution. Brazil.

braueri (Banks), 1924:454 [Type locality: Brazil, Teffe; MCZ; ♀; wings; in Macronema]. —Flint, 1978:390, 401 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:358 [to Macrostemum]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —França et al., 2013:314 [♂; wings]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:30 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

bravoi França, Paprocki and Calor, 2013:307 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Barreiras, APA Rio de Janeiro, Cachoeira Acaba Vida, 11°53'S, 45°36'W, el. 705 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Costa et al., 2014:220 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:30 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

digramma (McLachlan), 1871:131 [Type locality: Brasilia [Brazil], Minas Gerais; BMNH; ♂; in Macronema]. —Ulmer, 1907c:80 [♂; wings]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:358 [to Macrostemum]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:358 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1277 [distribution]. —França et al., 2013:316 [♂; wings]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:30 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

erichsoni (Banks), 1920:356 [Type locality: French Guiana, Nouveau Chantier; MCZ; ♀; wings; in Macronema]. —Ulmer, 1913:395 [wings; as Macrostemum hyalinum, var.]. —Flint, 1967c:11 [holotype; wings]. —Flint, 1974c:108 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1978:389, 400 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:358 [to Macrostemum]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1277 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:240 [checklist]. —França et al., 2013:316 [♂; wings]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:30 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname.

felker Oláh and Johanson, 2012:240 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., La Catarata de Ahuashiyascu, 6°27.544'S, 76°18.192'W; NRM; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

hyalinum (Pictet), 1836:401 [Type locality: Indes Orientales; type lost (Hollier, 2007);; sex unknown; as Hydropsyche hyalina]. —Burmeister, 1839:916 [type locality as Brazil; distribution; in Macronema]. —Ulmer 1905b:67 [♂; wings]. —Ulmer, 1907c:75 [♂; wings]. —Flint, 1978:389 [♂; wings]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:358 [to Macrostemum]. —Flint, 1996b:412 [distribution]. —Marinoni and Almeida, 2000:286 [distribution; biology]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Hollier, 2007:53 [holotype situation]. —Dumas et al., 2009:358 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:13 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1277 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:240 [checklist]. —França et al., 2013:316 [♂; wings]. —Costa et al., 2014:221 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:30 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela.

negrense (Flint), 1978:390, 400 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Negro; AMNH; ♀; in Macronema]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:358 [to Macrostemum]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —França et al., 2013:323 [♂; wings]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:30 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

nigrum França, Paprocki and Calor, 2013:305 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Wenceslau Guimarães, Estação Ecológica Estadual Wenceslau Guimarães, Riacho Serra Grande, cachoeira em cima, 13°35'34.3"S, 39°42'51.8"W, el. 482 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:30 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

par (Navás), 1930a:74 [Type locality: Brazil, [São Paulo], Ipiranga; DEI; ♀; in Macronema]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —França et al., 2013:323 [♂; wings]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:30 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

ramosum (Navás), 1916a:28 [Type locality: [Brazil], Nueva Friburgo; collection Navás, now lost?; sex unknown; as Macronema tuberosum Ulm. var. ramosa]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:358 [to Macrostemum]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:359 [distribution]. —França et al., 2013:323 [♂; wings].

Distribution. Brazil.

santaeritae (Ulmer), 1905b:85 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio Preto, zw. Boquerao und Sta. Rita; NMW; ♀; as Macronema Santae Ritae]. —Ulmer, 1907b:165 [distribution; as Macronema santae ritae]. —Ulmer, 1907c:79 [♀; wings]. —Ulmer, 1913:397, 408, 412 [distribution; as Macronema Santae Ritae]. —Flint, 1966a:7 [wings; holotype; as Macronema santaeritae]. —Flint, 1978:390, 400 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:358 [to Macrostemum]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —França et al., 2013:325 [♂; wings]. —Costa et al., 2014:221 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:31 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

subaequale (Banks), 1920:355 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, Haute Parana, San Ignacio; MCZ; ♂; in Macronema]. —Flint, 1967c:11 [♂]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:358 [to Macrostemum]. —França et al., 2013:327 [♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

surinamense (Flint), 1974c:108 [Type locality: Suriname, Coppename River, Bakhuis Mountains, camp III; RNH; ♀; wings; in Macronema]. —Flint, 1978:389 [/male; near surinamense; distribution; wings]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:358 [to Macrostemum]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —França et al., 2013:327 [♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:31 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

trigramma (Navás), 1916a:29 [Type locality: [Brazil], Nueva Friburgo; collection Navás, now lost?; ♀; in Macronema]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:358 [to Macrostemum]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:359 [distribution]. —França et al., 2013:327 [to nomen dubium].

—pullatum (Navás), 1932b:64 [Type locality: Brazil, Barao Homem de Mello, Rio de Janeiro; DEI; ♀; in Macronema]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:369 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Brazil.

triste (Navás), 1916a:29 [Type locality: [Brazil], Nueva Friburgo; collection Navás, now lost?; ♀; in Macronema]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:358 [to Macrostemum]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:359 [distribution]. —França et al., 2013:329 [to nomen dubium].

Distribution. Brazil.

ulmeri (Banks), 1913a:237 [Type locality: Rio Negro, Colombia; MCZ; ♂; in Macronema]. —Ulmer, 1907c:76 [wings; as Macrostemum hyalinum, var.]. —Flint, 1967c:11 [♂; holotype; wings]. —Flint, 1974c:107 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1978:388 [♂; wings; distribution]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1982:358 [to Macrostemum]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:69 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:79 [♂; wings; distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:541 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:203 [distribution; ecology]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:33 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:85 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:412 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:8 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:242 [distribution]. —França et al., 2013:330 [♂; wings]. —Souza et al., 2013a:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:31 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

—siolii (Marlier), 1964b:136 [Type locality: unspecified, by inference Brazil, São Paulo de Olivença, Émissaire du source, Igarapé-Jaratuba; IRSNB; ♂; larva; pupa; in Macronema]. —Flint, 1978:388 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad.

Genus † Palaehydropsyche Wichard [†1]

† Palaehydropsyche Wichard, 1986:189 [Type species: † Palaehydropsyche fossilis Wichard, 1986, original designation]. —Geraci et al., 2010:925 [classification].

This fossil genus, containing a single species from Miocene-Oligocene Dominican amber, was included in the Hydropsychinae by Geraci et al (2010). When described it was said to be related to Calosopsyche and Plectropsyche.

† fossilis Wichard, 1986:192 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; BMNH; ♂; in amber]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:38 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:93 [checklist; as Hydropsyche]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:299 [checklist]. —Geraci et al., 2010:925 [classification].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

Genus Plectromacronema Ulmer [3]

Plectromacronema Ulmer, 1906:63 [Type species: Plectromacronema comptum Ulmer, 1906, by monotypy]. —Flint, 1983b:225 [revision, key to Neotropical Macronematinae larvae].

Podomacronema Banks, 1920:356 [Type species: Podomacronema subfuscum Banks, 1920, original designation]. —Flint, 1967c:11 [to synonymy].

Plectromacronema, one of several endemic Neotropical macronematines, contains three species distributed sporadically from southern Mexico to tropical Argentina. Flint (1983b) described the larvae, pupae, and biology of Plectromacronema lisae from Costa Rica and Mexico. The larvae are predaceous, inhabiting long sand and silk tubes on the bottoms of streams in gravel riffles. No capture net is built.

comptum Ulmer, 1906:63 [Type locality: Brazilen, (Amazonas), Santarem; BMNH; ♂]; 1907c:41 [wings; head]. —Flint, 1974c:115 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1978:395, 403 [distribution]. —Flint, 1983b:226 [♂;, distribution; wings]. —Flint, 1992d:69 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:242 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:31 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela.

lisae Flint, 1983b:228 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Chiapas, rt.185 km 35 [12 km north Arriaga]; NMNH; ♂; larva; pupa]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:69 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico.

subfuscum (Banks), 1920:356 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones; MCZ; ♂; in Podomacronema]. —Flint, 1983b:227 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:31 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

Genus Plectropsyche Ross [3 + †1]

Plectropsyche Ross, 1947:141 [Type species: Plectrosyche hoogstraali Ross, 1947, original designation]. —Ross and Unzicker, 1977:308 [revision]. —Schefter, 2005:149 [phylogeny]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:178 [synonym of Cheumatopsyche]. —Geraci et al., 2010:925 [resurrected; classification]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2015:421 [revision, key to species].

The placement of the species in this taxon has been the subject of recent taxonomic uncertainty. Oláh and Johanson (2008) synonymized the genus with Cheumatopsyche and placed the included species in their Cheumatopsyche pali species group. Geraci et al. (2010) reinstated the genus and Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez (2015) revised the species and described two new ones. Adults have been collected near small to large rivers at ultraviolet light, and larvae and male metamorphotypes of the Costa Rican species have taken at the same sites, but the larval stages have not yet been described. These immature stages are very similar to those of Cheumatopsyche (Flint and Holzenthal, personal observation).

† alvarezi Wichard, Solórzano-Kraemer and Luer, 2006:41 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Simojovel de Allende,; IHNEC; ♂; in amber]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2015:430 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

hoogstraali Ross, 1947:142 [Type locality: Mexico, Michoacan, La Majada, Apatzingan; INHS; ♂; ♀]. —Ross and Unzicker, 1977:308 [♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:207 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:69 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:178 [to Cheumatopsyche]. —Geraci et al., 2010:925 [returned to Plectropsyche]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2015:423 [♂; ♀; distribution].

—pitella (Denning), 1968a:18 [Type locality: Mexico, Sinaloa, 20 miles east of Villa Union; CAS; ♂; ♀; in Cheumatopsyche]. —Gordon, 1974:143 [to Plectropsyche]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:178 [to Cheumatopsyche]. —Geraci et al., 2010:925 [returned to Plectropsyche]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2015:423 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua.

velascoi Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2015:426 [Type locality: Mexico, Morelos, San Rafael Vicente Aranda, 15 km SE Tehuixtla; CNIN; ♂; female].

Distribution. Mexico.

wallacei Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2015:428 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Limón, Río Barbilla, ca. 8 km W B-Line, 10.067°N, 83.369°W, elev. 30 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

Genus Pseudomacronema Ulmer [1]

Pseudomacronema Ulmer, 1905a:86 [Type species Pseudomacronema vittatum Ulmer, 1905a, by monotypy].

This is another monotypic genus of Neotropical Macronematinae, similar in apperance to Macronema. A second species at one time placed in the genus, Macronema arcuatum Erichson, proved to be a Macrostemum lacking a small cross vein. Discovery of the immature stages of Pseudomacronema vittatum might prove that it is also a Macrostemum or closely related to that genus.

vittatum Ulmer, 1905a:87 [Type locality: Colombien, Bogota; ZSZMH; ♂]. —Ulmer, 1907c:39 [♂; head; wings]. —Weidner, 1964:92 [lectotype]. —Flint, 1978:394, 403 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist]. —Cohen, 2004:75 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:31 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay.

Genus Smicridea McLachlan [230]

Smicridea McLachlan, 1871:134 [Type species: Smicridea fasciatella McLachlan, 1871, subsequent designation of Milne 1936]. —Flint, 1974b:1 [revision of North and Central American species]. —Flint, 1989:1 [revision of Chilean species]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:243 [synopsis of species groups].

Rhyacophylax Müller, 1879b:140 [Type species: Rhyacophylax brasilianus Ulmer, 1905a, subsequent designation of Fischer 1963]. —Ross, 1947:144 [to synonymy]. —Flint 1974b:4 [as subgenus]

Pellopsyche Banks, 1903b:243 [Type species: Pellopsyche signata Banks, 1903b, by monotypy]. —Ulmer, 1907d:175 [to synonymy under Rhyacopsyche].

Antarctopsyche Ulmer, 1907a:30 [Type species: Antarctopsyche annulicornis Ulmer (not Blanchard), 1907a, by monotypy]. —Flint, 1974b:4 [to synonymy].

Badallus Navás, 1918d:21 [Type species: Badallus argentinus Navás, 1918d, original designation]. —Navás, 1920b:42 [treated as synonym].

This genus is ubiquitous across the entire Neotropical region, where it is very diverse and generally abundant. Species are found as far north as the southwestern United States, and over all the Antillean islands. All the species are distributed between two subgenera, Smicridea and Rhyacophylax, with 130 and 100 species, respectively, from Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. The species of this genus seem to be filling the niches in the Neotropics occupied by the genera Hydropsyche and Cheumatopsyche in the rest of the world.

All species are restricted to the vicinity of flowing water, where their immature stages are found. Their larvae and pupae have been described a number of times (Correa et al., 1981, Flint 1974b, 1989, Wiggins 1996, Albino et al. 2011). They construct typical hydropsychid capture nets and retreats, with reported mesh size of 60 x 68 micrometers (Oliveira and Froehlich 1996). These same authors reported gut contents to be largely diatoms, but also containing insect fragments and green algae. Larvae have also been reported from travertine streams and thermal waters (Paprocki et al. 2003, Rueda Martín and Sganga 2011).

abrupta (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1974c:93 [Type locality: Suriname, Coppename River, Raleigh Falls; RNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1978:380 [distribution]. —Flint, 1992d:66 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:32 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

acuminata (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1974b:37 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Turrialba; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1975:572 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:69 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:75 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:406 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:276 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Peru.

aequalis (Smicridea) Banks, 1920:358 [Type locality: British Guiana, Bartica; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:13 [♂; redescription]. —Flint, 1974c:87 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1978:376 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:37 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Suriname.

albifrontalis (Smicridea) Martynov, 1912:25 [Type locality: Peru, Callanga; ASL; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

albosignata (Smicridea) Ulmer, 1907a:34 [Type locality: Brazil, Santos; ZSZMH; ♂]. —Weidner, 1964:97 [lectotype]. —Denning and Sykora, 1968:176 [♂; redescription]. —Marinoni and Almeida, 2000:286 [distribution; biology]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:359 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:14 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:37 [checklist].

—maculata Banks, 1920:359 [Type locality: Brazil; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:13 [♂; redescription; to synonymy].

Distribution. Brazil.

alticola (Smicridea) Flint, 1964a:40 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Toro Negro Forest, Doña Juana Cr. at recreation area; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

amplispina (Smicridea) Flint, 1981a:22 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Dos Riitos, 6 km N Rancho Grande; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

anaticula (Smicridea) Flint, 1981a:22 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Dos Riitos, 6 km N Rancho Grande; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

andicola (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1991:77 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Pastaza, Puyo; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:406 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.

annulicornis (Smicridea) (Blanchard), 1851:140 [Type locality: Chile; MNHNP; ♂; in Hydropscyhe]. —Flint, 1974e:88 [checklist]. —Flint, 1989:9 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:75 [distribution]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Sganga and Fontanarrosa, 2006:3 [larva; pupa; distribution]. —Miserendino and Brand, 2007:312 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:35 [biology; habitat]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011b:143 [biology]. Sabando et al., 2011:1 [population genetic structure]. —Brand et al., 2012:90 [biology]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:242 [distribution]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

—chilensis (Navás), 1923b:23 [Type locality Chile, Marga Marga; MZBS; ♀; in Rhyacophylax]. —Flint, 1974e:88 [checklist]. —Flint, 1989:9 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

anomala (Smicridea) Flint and Denning, 1989a:419 [Type locality: Trinidad Island, Simla Research Station; CAS; ♂]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:203 [distribution; ecology]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:34 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:83 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist].

Distribution. Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela.

anticura (Smicridea) Flint, 1989:22 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Osorno, Parque Nacional Puyehue, Río Anticura; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

appendicula (Smicridea) Flint, 1974c:85 [Type locality: Suriname, Brownsberg, mountain creek near Golddiggers camp; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

appendiculata (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1972b:238 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Santa Fe, Arroyo Saladillo, near Santa Fe; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1978:377 [distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:75 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Albino et al., 2011:21 [♂ phallus, larva; pupa; biology; distribution]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:32 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

araguaiense (Rhyacophylax) Albino, Pes and Hamada, 2011:3 [Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Campus da Unemat; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:32 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

argentina (Rhyacophylax) (Navás), 1918d:21 [Type locality: Argentina, Santa Fe; MZBS; ♂; as Badallus argentinus]. —Navás, 1920b:42 [distribution; to Rhyacophylax]. —Schmid 1949a:341 [♂; lectotype, redescription]. —Flint, 1972b:237 [♂; to Smicridea (Rhyacophylax)]. —Flint, 1982c:27 [distribution]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Paraguay [?], Peru[?].

aries (Smicridea) Blahnik, 1995:85 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, Quebrada Palmitos & falls, 9.72°N, 83.78°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

arizonensis (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1974b:35 [Type locality: U.S.A., Arizona, Clear Creek Campground SE of Camp Verde; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:185 [phenology, distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

astarte (Smicridea) Malicky, 1980:221 [Type locality: Guadeloupe, Mittelauf des Flusses Lezard bei Chemin de Diane; collection Malicky; ♂]. —Malicky, 1983:264 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:49 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1995:93 [♂; ♀; redescription]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:256 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:56 [checklist].

Distribution. Guadeloupe.

aterrima (Smicridea) Ulmer, 1911:19 [Type locality: Argentina, [Pcia.] Misiones, Bompland; ZSZMH; ♂]. —Weidner, 1964:97 [lectotype]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

atmena (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:244 [Type locality: Peru, Chontachaca, Kosnipata-Cusco, 13°01'25"S, 71°28'03"W, 700 m, humid subtropical forest; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

atrobasis (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1983a:63 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Entre Ríos, Salto Grande, Río Uruguay; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Sganga and Angrisano, 2005:132 [♂; distribution]. —Rueda Martín and Sganga, 2011:2225 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:32 [checklist]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay.

aurra (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1991:71 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Río Aurra, Km 50, E of San Jerónimo; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

banksi (Smicridea) Flint, 1967c:13 [replacement name for Smicridea unicolor Banks 1938:303, preoccupied by Diplectrona unicolor Banks 1901:370]. [Type locality: Haiti, La Visite & vic., La Selle Range; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:13 [♂; redescription; lectotype]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:15 [distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:38 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:24 [♂; distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Haiti.

begorba (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:245 [Type locality: Ecuador, Amasonia [sic], Gareno Lodge, Amasonian Lowland; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

bicornuta (Rhyacophylax) Albino, Pes and Hamada, 2011:5 [Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina municipality, Córrego da Mata (4th order stretch), S15°01'32", W52°26'29"; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:32 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

bidactyla (Rhyacophylax) Flint and Reyes, 1991:483 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. El Oro, 6 km E Pasajes; NMNH; ♂]. — Flint, 1996b:408 [distribution].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela.

bidentata (Smicridea) Martynov, 1912:24 [Type locality: Peru, Callanga; ASL; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:405 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:246 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Peru.

bifasciata (Rhyacophylax) Albino, Pes and Hamada, 2011:7 [Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina municipality, Córrego da Mata (2nd order stretch), S14°59'18" W52°27'30"; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:32 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

bifida (Rhyacophylax) Rueda Martín and Sganga, 2011:2216 [Type locality: Argentina, Salta, El Rey National Park, A° La Sala; IML; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

bifurcata (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1974b:33 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Río Corobici, Las Canas; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:69 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Honduras.

biserrulata (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1991:77 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Espadera, 7 km E Medellín [road to Sta. Elena]; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

bivittata (Smicridea) (Hagen), 1861:291 [Type locality: Panama; MCZ; ♀; in Hydropsyche ?]. —Ross, 1952:33 [lectotype]. —Flint, 1967c:13 [♂]. — Flint, 1974b:16 [♂; ♀; distribution; redescription; larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1974c:90 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:207 [distribution]. —Flint, 1981a:22 [♂; distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:5 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:70 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:63 [♂; distribution]. Flint and Reyes, 1991:481 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1989b:205 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:541 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:203 [distribution; ecology]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:34 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1995:88 [♂; ♀; diagnosis; redescription; distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:82 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1186 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Viloria, 2002:108 [distribution; Isla Margarita]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist]. —Albino et al., 2011:3 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:246 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:37 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

—albata (Navás), 1924c:75 [Type locality: Costa Rica, La Caja; MNHNP; ♀; in Wormaldia]. —Flint, 1974b:16 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela.

brasiliana (Rhyacophylax) (Ulmer), 1905a:107 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catharina [sic]; ZSZMH; ♂; as Rhyacophylax brasilianus]. —Weidner, 1964:97 [lectotype]. —Flint, 1966a:7 [invalid lectotype, misidentification]. —Flint, 1972b:238 [discussion of lectotype]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:32 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

breviuncata (Smicridea) Flint, 1974b:18 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Turrialba; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:70 [distribution]. —Flint and Denning, 1989a:419 [pheromone glands]. —Flint, 1991:64 [♂; distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:541 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama.

brunnescens (Smicridea) Flint and Sykora, 2004:22 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, [La Vega Province, Río Jimenoa]: Jarabacoa; NMNH; ♂; female]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

bulara (Smicridea) Flint and Denning, 1989a:423 [Type locality: Trinidad Island, Simla Research Station; CAS; ♂]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:203 [distribution; ecology]. —Flint, 1996a:82 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, Trinidad.

bulbosa (Smicridea) Flint, 1974c:88 [Type locality: Suriname, Moengo; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

caldwelli (Smicridea) Ross, 1947:145 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Fortin; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1974b:19 [♂; ♀; distribution; redescription]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:207 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

caligata (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1974c:91 [Type locality: Suriname, Nickerie River, Blanche Marie, falls in creek; RNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1978: 377 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Albino et al., 2011:3 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:33 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

calopa (Smicridea) Flint, 1974b:22 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Río Tacolopán, route 180, km 551; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:207 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:247 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

campana (Smicridea) Flint, 1974b:26 [Type locality: Panama, Panama, Cerro Campana; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:541 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

cariba (Smicridea) Flint, 1968b:25 [Type locality: Dominica, Pont Casse, 2.2 miles east; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist, correction of mispelling]. —Bass, 2004:245 [larval drift behavior, voltinism]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:56 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe.

cartiensis (Smicridea) Flint and Denning, 1989a:421 [Type locality: Panama, Intendency of San Blas, Río Cartí Grande, 2 km W. Nusagandi (90°20'N; 78°56'W); NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:542 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

catherinae (Smicridea) Blahnik, 1995:94 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Las Canas, Río Corrobici; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:247 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.

chicoana (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1983a:58 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Salta, Chicoana, S. Salta; NMNH; ♂]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

cholta (Smicridea) Flint, 1974b:21 [Type locality: Guatemala, Izabal, Matias de Galvez; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Nicaragua.

circinata (Smicridea) Flint and Denning, 1989a:429 [Type locality: Panama, Bocas del Toro Province, Miramar [9°N; 82°15'W]; UCD; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:542 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

columbiana (Rhyacophylax) (Ulmer), 1905a:106 [Type locality: Colombia, [Hacienda] Pehlke; ZSZMH; ♂; as Rhyacophylax columbianus]. —Ulmer, 1909a:306 [distribution]. —Weidner, 1964:97 [lectotype]. —Flint, 1966a:7 [invalid lectotype, redescription]. —Flint, 1974c:96 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1978:398 [distribution]. —Flint, 1992d:66 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:248 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:33 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Suriname, Venezuela [?].

comma (Smicridea) Banks, 1924:451 [Type locality: Cuba; MCZ; ♀]. —Flint, 1967c:14 [♂; lectotype, redescription]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1977:232 [distribution; probably comma]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:47 [distribution]. —Kumanski, 1987:12 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Oláh, 1987:151 [♂; as Smicridea jamaicensis, misidentification of Smicridea comma according to Botosaneanu, 2002:94]. —Botosaneanu, 1991a:133 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:464 [larva]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:15 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:38 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:23 [distribution]. —López del Castillo et al., 2004:229 [distribution]. —González Lazo et al., 2005:260 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist]. —López del Castillo et al., 2007:171 [distribution; seasonal abundance]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti.

completa (Smicridea) Banks, 1941:398 [Type locality: Santo Domingo [now Dominican Republic], Villa Altagracia; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:14 [♂; lectotype, redescription]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:38 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:24 [♂; distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

complicatissima (Smicridea) Flint, 1989:31 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Malleco, Parque Nacional Contulmo; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Chile.

compostella (Smicridea) Bueno-Soria, 1986:57 [Type locality: Mexico, Nayarit, Compostela; IBUNAM; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

conjuncta (Smicridea) Flint, 1991:65 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada La Iguaná, 17 km NW Medellín [road to San Jerónimo]; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

cornuta (Smicridea) Flint, 1974c:86 [Type locality: Suriname, Wilhelmina Mountins, trail I km 8, small stony creek; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

coronata (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1980b:138 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Cordoba, Villa Anizacate; NMNH; ♂]. —Oliveira and Froehlich, 1996:757 [biology]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Sganga and Angrisano, 2005:133 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Albino et al., 2011:33 [♂; variation, distribution]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:33 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay.

corralita (Smicridea) Flint and Denning, 1989a:423 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas State, Corralito, 7 km W. Abasolo; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

cubana (Smicridea) Kumanski, 1987:14 [Type locality: Cuba, Province Las Villas, the massive of Guamuaya, Rio Nabujina (right tributary of Agabama) near El Piojillo village; NMSB; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:464 [doubtful about distinction between Smicridea minima and Smicridea cubana]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist]. —González Lazo et al., 2005:260 [as c.f. minima, distribution]. —López del Castillo et al., 2007:171 [distribution; seasonal abundance].

Distribution. Cuba.

cuna (Smicridea) Flint, 1974b:23 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, Shannon Creek; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint and Denning, 1989a:419 [pheromone glands]. —Aguila, 1992:542 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

curvipenis (Smicridea) Flint, 1991:65 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, 12 km NW Medellín [road to San Pedro]; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:404 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.

dampfi (Smicridea) Flint, 1974b:20 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Finca Vergel; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:207 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

decora (Smicridea) (Navás), 1930b:362 [Type locality: Chile, Bio- Bio; MZBS; ♂; in Rhyacophylax]. —Flint, 1974e:88 [checklist]. —Flint, 1989:13 [♂; ♀; synonymy, redescription; distribution]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution].

—annulicornis (Ulmer), 1907a:30 [Type locality: Chile, Bäder von Longavi, Parral; ZMHU; ♂; in Antarctopsyche, secondary homonym of Smicridea annulicornis (Blanchard)]. —Flint, 1989:13 [to synonymy].

—albescens (Navás), 1932c:118 [Type locality: Chile, Bio-Bio; DEI; ♂; in Antarctopsyche]. —Flint, 1974e:88 [checklist]. —Flint, 1989:15 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

dentifera (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1983a:63 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones Río Iguazú, Camp Nañdu; NMNH; ♂]. —Marinoni and Almeida, 2000:286 [distribution; biology]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Sganga and Angrisano, 2005:134 [♂; distribution]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:13 [♂; distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist, as dendifera, misspelling]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:33 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

dentisserrata (Rhyacophylax) Albino, Pes and Hamada, 2011:9 [Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina municipality, Córrego da Mata (2nd order stretch), S 14°59'18” W 52°27'30”; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:33 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

discalis (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1972b:237 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Puerto Rico; NMNH; ♂]. —Marinoni and Almeida, 2000:286 [distribution; biology]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:75 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Sganga and Angrisano, 2005:134 [♂; distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:248 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:33 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

dispar (Rhyacophylax) (Banks), 1905:16 [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Tucson; MCZ; ♀; in Polycentropus]. —Flint, 1974b:41 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution; larva; pupa]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:207 [distribution]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [ecology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:304 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:185 [phenology, distribution].

—utico Ross, 1947:144 [Type locality: United States, Utah, Colorado River near Moab; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1967d:168 [distribution]. —Flint, 1974b:40 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

dithyra (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1974b:42 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, near Huatusco; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:208 [distribution]. —Sganga and Fontanarrosa, 2006:8 [larva; pupa; distribution]. —Miserendino and Brand, 2007:312 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:35 [biology; habitat]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín and Sganga, 2011:2225 [♂; distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:248 [distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.

dombora (Smicridea) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:248 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 104 mao, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

duarte (Smicridea) Flint and Sykora, 2004:24 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, [La Vega Province], Río Baiguate, 1-2 km S Jarabacoa, 19°06.9'N, 70°37.0'W, 520 m; NMNH; ♂; female]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Haiti.

egsera (Smicridea) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:249 [Type locality: Mexico, State of Veracruz, Tecomaluca, Sierra de agua, N 18°44.977’, W 097°14.576’, 1420 m; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

elisae (Smicridea) Rueda Martín and Sganga, 2011:2218 [Type locality: Argentina, Salta, Chicoana, Rio Chicoana; IML; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

ephippifer (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1978:379 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Pará], Rio Paru, Malloca Apicó; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Albino et al., 2011:3 [distribution]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:250 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:33 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, French Guiana.

erda (Smicridea) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:251 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 104 mao, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

erecta (Smicridea) Flint, 1974c:87 [Type locality: Suriname, Nassau Mountains, km 11.3, creek; RNH; ♂]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:252 [distribution].

Distribution. French Guiana, Suriname.

fasciatella (Smicridea) McLachlan, 1871:136 [Type locality: United States, Texas; BMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Kimmins and Denning, 1951:116 [♂; ♀; lectotype]. —Flint, 1967d:168 [distribution]. —Flint, 1974b:11 [♂; ♀; distribution; redescription; larva; pupa]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:207 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1995:96 [♂; ♀; diagnosis; redescription; distribution]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [ecology]. —Bowles et al., 2007:22 [distribution; biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:305 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:185 [phenology, distribution].

—divisa (Banks), 1903a:244 [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Salt River; MCZ; ♂; in Hydropsyche]. —Milne, 1936:73 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, U.S.A.

felsa (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:252 [Type locality: Ecuador, Amasonian [sic] Lowland, Gareno, near Puerto Napo, 400 m; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

figueroai (Smicridea) Holzenthal, 2004:115 [Type locality: Chile, VIII Región del Bío-Bío, Bío-Bío, small trib. to Río Queco, 5 km E Ralco, 37°51.619'S, 71°36.257'W, el. 500 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Chile.

filicata (Smicridea) Flint and Denning, 1989a:426 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas Province, Rio Singri (9.05`N; 83.082°W), ca. 2 km (air) S. Finca Helechales; NMNH; ♂]. —McElravy et al., 1981:153 [as Smicridea B]. —Aguila, 1992:542 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

flinti (Rhyacophylax) Albino, Pes and Hamada, 2011:11 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Presidente Figueiredo municipality, Balneário Sossego da Pantera, Igarapé da Onça; S 02°00'52” W 60°01'43”; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:34 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

florecita (Smicridea) Bueno-Soria, 2010:29 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Cascada “Cerro Las Flores,” 17°21'39"N, 93°37'29"W, el. 540 m; IBUNAM; ♂; female].

Distribution. Mexico.

fogasa (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:253 [Type locality: Ecuador, Wild Sumaco, near Pacto Sumaco; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

forcipata (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1983a:61 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Arroyo Piray Mini, Rt.17 W Dos Hermanas; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:34 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

franciscana (Smicridea) Rocha, Dumas and Nessimian, 2016b:426 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, afluente do Ribeirão das Posses (Córrego dos Pombos), 20°14'56.6"S, 46°38'04.9"W, el. 997 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

frequens (Smicridea) (Navás), 1930b:362 [Type locality: [Chile], Talca; MZBS; ♂; ♀; in Rhyacophylax]. —Schmid, 1949a:347 [♂; to Smicridea, redescription]. —Flint, 1974e:88 [checklist]. —Flint, 1989:23 [♂; ♀; lectotype, distribution; redescription]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Sganga and Fontanarrosa, 2006:4 [larva; pupa; distribution]. —Miserendino and Brand, 2007:312 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:35 [biology; habitat]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011b:143 [biology]. —Brand et al., 2012:90 [biology]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:254 [distribution]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

froehlichi (Rhyacophylax) Almeida and Flint, 2002:768 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Km 17, 18 km S. of Teresópolis, 1180 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:359 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:14 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:34 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Brazil.

furesa (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:254 [Type locality: Ecuador, Archidona, 1100 m; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru.

fuscifurca (Smicridea) Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:21 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Elizabeth, Y.S. Falls on Y.S. River; ZMUA; ♂].

Distribution. Jamaica.

gemina (Smicridea) Blahnik, 1995:90 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alahuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tribs., 10.216°N, 84.607°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:359 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:14 [distribution]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:37 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama.

gladiator (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1978:379 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Marauia, Igarape S. Antonio (Cachoeira); NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Ribeiro et al., 2009:34 [list of types]. —Albino et al., 2011:3 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:34 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

gomezi (Smicridea) Blahnik, 1995:86 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Jardín Botanico R & C Wilson, trib. along Sendero del Agua, 8.80°N, 83.95°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

gomphotheria (Smicridea) Blahnik, 1995:87 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación Pitilla, Río Orosí, 10.991°N, 85.428°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua.

grandis (Smicridea) Flint, 1968a:27 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Hope River near Newcastle at mile post 16.5; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:19 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

grandisaccata (Smicridea) Flint, 1991:67 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Agua Mala, 35 km NW Medellín [road to San Jerónimo]; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

grenadensis (Smicridea) Flint, 1968b:28 [Type locality: Grenada, 2 miles west Lake Grand Etan♂; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:53 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist].

Distribution. Grenada.

hajla (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:256 [Type locality: Ecuador, Amasonian [sic] Lowland, Gareno, near Puerto Napo; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

haraga (Smicridea) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:257 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., La Catarata de Ahuashiyascu, 6°27.544'S, 76°18.192'W; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

helenae (Rhyacophylax) Albino, Pes and Hamada, 2011:13 [Type locality: Brazil, Roraima, Caracaraí municipality, Rio Branco, Cachoeira do Bem Querer, N01°55'42" W61°00'09"; INPA; ♂; larva; pupa; biology]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:34 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

holzenthali (Smicridea) Flint and Denning, 1989a:431 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste Province, Rio Tizate (10.773°N; 85.449°W), 7.2 km NE Canas Dulces; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

homora (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:258 [Type locality: Ecuador, Amasonian [sic] Lowland, Gareno, near Puerto Napo, 400 m; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru.

horga (Smicridea) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:259 [Type locality: Ecuador, Tinalandia Nature Reserve, West Andean Slope, 600 m, 150 km near Quito; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

hybrida (Smicridea) Blahnik, 1995:98 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Reserva Biológica Carara, Río Carara, 4.3 km (rd) E Costanera Sur, 9.810°N, 84.572°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Maes, 1999:1186 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.

iguazu (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1983a:60 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Río Iguazú, Camp Nañdu; NMNH; ♂]. —Marinoni and Almeida, 2000:286 [distribution; biology]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:359 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:25 [distribution]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:34 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

inaequispina (Smicridea) Flint, 1974c:83 [Type locality: Suriname, Nassau Mountains, trail km 12.5, small creek in forest; RNH; ♂]. — Oláh and Johanson, 2012:260 [distribution].

Distribution. French Guiana, Suriname.

inarmata (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1974b:34 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Finca Esperanza; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:208 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1186 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua.

jamaicensis (Smicridea) Flint, 1968a:28 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Chestervale, Yallahs River; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Oláh, 1987:151 [♂; misidentification of Smicridea coma according to Botosaneanu, 2002:94]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:19 [distribution]. —Malicky, 1999:116, 117 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

jundiai (Rhyacophylax) Almeida and Flint, 2002:769 [Type locality: Brazil, Espirito Santo, 15 km SE. of Santa Teresa, Fazenda Santa Clara, 460 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:360 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:14 [distribution]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:34 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Brazil.

kampoka (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:261 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., creek crossing rd. Tarapoto-Yurimaguas, ca. 30 km (rd.) NE Tarapoto, 6°24.904'S, 76°18.756'W; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

kana (Smicridea) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:262 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., La Catarata de Ahuashiyascu, 6°27.544'S, 76°18.192'W; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

kapara (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:263 [Type locality: Peru, Chontachaca, Kosnipata-Cusco, 13°01'25"S, 71°28'03"W, 700 m, humid subtropical forest; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

karukerae (Smicridea) Botosaneanu, 1994a:49 [Type locality: Guadeloupe, ruisseau sur le versant S de la Soufrière à l’aire de pique-nique de Beausoleil; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:259 [redescription; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:56 [checklist].

Distribution. Guadeloupe.

kovera (Smicridea) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:264 [Type locality: Argentina, Jujuy, RN, 9, nr. Leon, 1693 m, 24°01.9565'S, 65°26.519'W; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

lacanha (Smicridea) Bueno-Soria and Hamilton, 1986:304 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Río Lacanhá; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1995:99 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution; as lacanja, misspelling; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico.

latipala (Smicridea) Flint and Denning, 1989a:431 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui Province, Guadalupe Arriba (8°52'26"N; 82°33'13"W); NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:542 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

lebena (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:265 [Type locality: Peru, Amazonas Prov., river crossing Olmos-Tarapoto rd., 371 km (rd.) E Olmos Desv. Jaén, 5°41.178'S, 77°46.421'W; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

legezoa (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:267 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., Rio Negro, 37 km (rd.) W Moyobamba, near Olmos-Tarapoto rd., 6°00.278'S, 77°15.437'W; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

leloga (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:268 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., Rio Mayo, 11 km (rd.) E Mayobamba, 6°04.989'S, 76°53.065'W; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

lemeza (Smicridea) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:269 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., stream crossing Juan Guerra-Chazuta rd., 10 km (rd.) W Chazuta, 6°37.157'S, 76°10.905'W; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

lobata (Rhyacophylax) (Ulmer), 1909a:305 [Type locality: Venezuela, Las Trinchéras; UZMC; ♂; as Rhyacophylax lobatus]. —Flint, 1974c:95 [♂; distribution; figures are of pseudolobata]. —Flint, 1978:377 [discussion of type]. —Rázuri-Gonzales and Holzenthal, 2016:21 [compared to Smicridea signata; ♂; distribution; synonymy].

—islamarga (Rhyacophylax) (Botosaneanu), in Botosaneanu and Viloria, 2002:108 [Type locality: Venezuela, Isla de Margarita, Rio San Juan at Fuentidueño; ZMUA; ♂; in Leptonema]. —Rázuri-Gonzales and Holzenthal, 2016:29 [to Smicridea, to synonymy].

—repula (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:278 [Type locality: Mexico, State of Veracruz, Los Tuxtlas area, Rio la Palma, near to the Estacion the Biologia Los Tuxtlas, N 18°33.680’, W 095°02.943’, 30 mao; NRS; ♂]. —Rázuri-Gonzales and Holzenthal, 2016:29 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela.

lourditae (Smicridea) Pauls, Blahnik and Holzenthal, in Pauls et al., 2010:1066 [Type locality: Chile, Region X - Los Lagos, Monumento Nacional Alerce Costero, unnamed tributary on trail to Alerce Milenario, 895 m, 40°11.874'S, 73°26.217'W; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Chile.

magdalenae (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1991:73 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Tolima, Armero, near Guyabal; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

magnipinnata (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1991:71 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, 10 km E Medellín [road to Las Palmas]; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

mangaratiba (Rhyacophylax) Almeida and Flint, 2002:770 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Mangaratiba, 150 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:360 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:34 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

manzanara (Smicridea) Flint, 1989:16 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Malleco, Ro Manzanares [~10 km W Purén]; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Chile.

marlieri (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1978:378 [Type locality: Brazil, Para, Santarem (FAO); IRSNB; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:35 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Venezuela.

martinica (Smicridea) Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:47 [Type locality: Martinique, premier affluent (sans nom) en rive gauche de la Riv. Blanch, sur la route en amont d’Alma, alt 490 m [14°42'N, 61°06'W]; ZMUA; ♂].

Distribution. Martinique.

marua (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1978:380 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Marauia, Endstation vor langer Cachoeira, Fluss tritt hier aus dem Geberg mit starkem gefälle ber Granitblöcken; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:35 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

matagalpa (Smicridea) Flint, 1974b:24 [Type locality: Nicaragua, Matagalpa, 5.3 miles E of Matagalpa; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:5 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:70 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:542 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1187 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.

matancilla (Smicridea) Flint, 1989:32 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Cachapoal, Cerro La Matancilla, Cordillera Coastal; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Chile.

medena (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:270 [Type locality: Colombia, Otun Quinbaya national Park, La Suiza, 1900 m; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Colombia, Peru.

meridensis (Smicridea) Botosaneanu and Flint, 1982:14 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Mérida, 11 km southeast of Apartaderos; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa].

Distribution. Venezuela.

mesembrina (Rhyacophylax) (Navás), 1918a:502 [Type locality: Argentina, Provincia de Buenos Aires; UNLP; ♂; in Rhyacophylax]. —Schmid, 1949a:343 [♂; redescription]. —Flint, 1982c:28 [to Smicridea (Rhyacophylax), ♂; distribution]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:75 [distribution]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Sganga and Angrisano, 2005:134 [♂; distribution]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:13 [♂; distribution]. —Albino et al., 2011:3 [distribution]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:35 [checklist]. —Manzo et al., 2014:166 [distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution].

—nivosa (Navás), 1920b:65 [Type locality: Argentina, La Plata; MZBS; ♂; as Rhyacophylax nivosus]. —Schmid, 1949a:344 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay.

microsaccata (Smicridea) Flint, 1991:67 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Urrao; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

mincana (Smicridea) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:271 [Type locality: Colombia, Minca, 650 m; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Colombia.

minima (Smicridea) Flint, 1968a:27 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Hardwar Gap, Dicks Pond Trail; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist, doubtful about distinction between Smicridea minima and Smicridea cubana].

Distribution. Jamaica.

minuscula (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1973b:239 [replacement name for Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) minima Flint, 1972b:241, preoccupied by Smicridea (Smicridea) minima Flint 1968a:27]. [Type locality: Argentina, Prov. Misiones, Puerto Rico; NMNH; ♂]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Paraguay.

mirama (Smicridea) Flint and Denning, 1989a:426 [Type locality: Panama, Bocas del Toro Province, Miramar [9°N; 82°15'W]; UCD; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:542 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1187 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Nicaragua, Panama.

mirnae (Smicridea) Almeida and Flint, 2002:774 [Type locality: Brazil, Parana, Jundiaí do Sul, Fazenda Monte Verde, 23°26'S, 50°16'W, 500 m; DZUP; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:37 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

mucronata (Smicridea) Flint, 1989:26 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Chiloé, Dalcahue; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:272 [distribution]. —Pfenninger et al., 2012:1 [intraspecific genetic diversity].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

multidens (Smicridea) Flint and Denning, 1989a:423 [Type locality: Panama, Bocas del Toro Province, Miramar [9°N; 82°15'W]; UCD; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:542 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

murina (Rhyacophylax) McLachlan, 1871:137 [Type locality: Chile; BMNH; ♂]. —Kimmins, 1957:106 [lectotype]. —Flint, 1974e:88 [checklist]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:70 [distribution; as zanclophora]. —Flint, 1989:33 [♂; ♀; distribution; synonymy]. —Flint, 1991:71 [♂; distribution]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:483 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:542 [distribution; as zanclophora]. —Flint, 1996b:407 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1186 [checklist, as magna]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist]. —Cohen, 2004:75 [distribution]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:273 [♂; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

—magna (Ulmer), 1909b:120 [Type locality: Argentina, Mendoza; ZSZMH; ♂; as Rhyacophylax magnus, larva; pupa]. —Weidner, 1964:95 [lectotype]. —Flint, 1989:33 [to synonymy].

—mendocensis (Navás), 1920b:43 [Type locality: Argentina, Mendoza; collection Navás, now lost?; ♂; illustrations in figs. 7 and 9 are reversed, in Rhyacophylax]. —Flint, 1989:33 [to synonymy].

—zanclophora Flint, 1974b:39 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Pipeline Road, Río Agua Salud; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:5 [distribution]. —Flint, 1989:33 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

nahuatl (Smicridea) Flint, 1974b:20 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Puente Nacional; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:207 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

nanda (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1983a:65 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones Río Iguazú, Camp Nañdu; NMNH; ♂]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

necator (Rhyacophylax) Rocha, Dumas and Nessimian, 2016b:424 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Delfinópolis, surrounding area of the Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, afluente do Ribeirão Forquilha, 20°18'55.58"S, 46°49'59.04"W, el. 720 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

nemorosa (Rhyacophylax) Holzenthal and Blahnik, 1995:214 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tribs., 10.216°N, 84.607°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

nemtompa (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:274 [Type locality: Ecuador, Amasonian [sic] Lowland, Gareno, near Puerto Napo, 400 m; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru.

nigerrima (Smicridea) Flint, 1983a:55 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Tucumán, Horco Molle, near Tucumán; NMNH; ♂]. —Cohen, 2004:74, 75 [list of type material, distributiom]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

nigricans (Smicridea) Flint, 1991:67 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, 7 km E San Jerónimo [road to Medellín]; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:405 [distribution; identification not certain]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru [?].

nigripennis (Smicridea) Banks, 1920:359 [Type locality: Colombia, Caldras [sic, recte Caldas]; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint,1967c:14 [♂; lectotype, redescription]. —Flint, 1981a:23 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1991:69 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

obesa (Smicridea) Banks, 1938:303 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Pico Turquino, summit; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:14 [♂; lectotype, redescription]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:47 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

obliqua (Smicridea) Flint, 1974c:90 [Type locality: Suriname, Kaboeri Creek, first camp, near Winnana creek; RNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1978:398 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Albino et al., 2011:25 [larva; pupa; biology; distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:37 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

octospina (Smicridea) Flint, 1974c:83 [Type locality: Suriname, Litani River, Waremapan, small spring creek; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

olivacea (Smicridea) Flint, 1983a:57 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Catamarca, Arroyo El Pintado, near La Viña; NMNH; ♂]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

palifera (Smicridea) Flint, 1981a:23 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Maracay, El Limón; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1992d:66 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:53 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Viloria, 2002:108 [distribution; Isla Margarita]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:360 [distribution]. —Albino et al., 2011:29 [larva; pupa; biology; distribution]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Souza et al., 2013a:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:37 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Grenada, Venezuela.

pallidivittata (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1972b:239 [Type locality: Argentina, Prov. Misiones, Capioví; NMNH; ♂]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

palmar (Rhyacophylax) Sganga, 2005:143 [Type locality: Argentina, Entre Ríos, arroyo El Palmar, Ruta Nacional 14; MACN; ♂; ♀]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:13 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Albino et al., 2011:3 [distribution]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Souza et al., 2013a:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:35 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

pampeana (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1980b:137 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Buenos Aires, Río Sauce Grande, Sierra de la Ventana; NMNH; ♂; as pampena, misspelling]. —Flint, 1982c:29 [distribution]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Sganga and Angrisano, 2005:135 [♂; distribution]. —Sganga and Fontanarrosa, 2006:9 [larva; pupa; distribution]. —Rueda Martín and Sganga, 2011:2226 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay.

paranensis (Smicridea) Flint, 1983a:55 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, 7 km E El Dorado; NMNH; ♂]. —Marinoni and Almeida, 2000:286 [distribution; biology]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:360 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:38 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay.

parany (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:275 [Type locality: Peru, Amazonas Prov., Rio Utcabamba, Bajra Grande [sic, Utcubamba, Bagua Grande], at Rio Hotel, 5°45.824'S, 78°25.414'W; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

patinae (Smicridea) Pauls, Blahnik and Holzenthal, in Pauls et al., 2010:1067 [Type locality: Chile, Region X - Los Lagos, Monumento Nacional Alerce Costero, unnamed tributary on trail to Alerce Milenario, 895 m, 40°11.874'S, 73°26.217'W; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Chile.

penai (Smicridea) Flint, 1989:17 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Osorno, Pucatrihue; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:277 [distribution].

Distribution. Chile.

peruana (Rhyacophylax) (Martynov), 1912:27 [Type locality: Peru, Callanga; ASL; ♂; as Rhyacophylax peruanus]. —Flint, 1975:572 [distribution]. —Flint, 1980a:214 [distribution; larva?]. —Flint, 1996b:406 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:75 [distribution]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Rueda Martín and Sganga, 2011:2228 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:277 [distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Peru.

petasata (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1981a:23 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Maracay, Río Limón, Estación Piscicultura; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador, Venezuela.

pipila (Smicridea) Flint, 1974b:26 [Type locality: Guatemala, Escuintla, Río Metapa, 10 km SE of Escuintla; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:208 [distribution].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico.

piraya (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1983a:58 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Arroyo Piray Guazú, N San Pedro; NMNH; ♂]. —Marinoni and Almeida, 2000:286 [distribution; biology]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:35 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

pochutla (Smicridea) Bueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso, and Barba-Álvarez, 2001:150 [Mexico, Oaxaca, Pchutla, Finca Progreso; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

polyfasciata (Smicridea) Martynov, 1912:22 [Type locality: Peru, 11°3'S, 75°17'W; now lost?; ♂]. —Flint, 1991:69 [♂; distribution; redescription]. —Flint, 1996b:405 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.

probolophora (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1991:73 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Honda, Marsella [12 km SW Fredonia]; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

prorigera (Smicridea) Flint, 1991:65 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada La Cebolla, Fizebad [W La Fe]; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

protera (Smicridea) (Denning), 1947a:658 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Luquillo; CAS; ♂; ♀; in Cheumatopsyche]. —Flint, 1964a: 41 [♂; ♀; to Smicridea, distribution; larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Flint and Masteller, 1993:141 [biology]. —Masteller and Flint, 1993:69 [biology]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

pseudolobata (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1978:377 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Marauia, Endstation vor langer Cachoeira, Fluss tritt hier aus dem Geberg mit starkem gefälle; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974c:95 [misidentified as lobata, distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:35 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

pseudoradula (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1991:73 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Río Aurra, km 50, E San Jerónimo; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:408 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:277 [distribution].

Distribution. Colombia, Peru, Venezuela.

pucara (Smicridea) Flint, 1989:19 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Neuquén, Pantano, near Estación Forestal Pucará [near SW end Lago Lacar]; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:277 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

radula (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1974b:36 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San Jose, Río General, Pacuare; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:208 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:69 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:542 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1186 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:360 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:25 [distribution]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:35 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Brazil, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama.

ralphi (Rhyacophylax) Almeida and Flint, 2002:772 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Km 54, 26 km E. of Nova Friburgo, 410 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:360 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:36 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Brazil.

rara (Smicridea) Bueno-Soria and Márquez-Mayaudón, 1979:481 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Balzapote, a un kilmetro de la Estación de Biologa Tropical “Los Tuxtlas”; IBUNAM; ♂; as rarus]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:277 [distribution; as rarus].

Distribution. Mexico.

redunca (Smicridea) Flint, 1989:29 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Concepción, Fundo Pinares [about 10 km E Concepción on south side of Río Bío-Bío]; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Chile.

reinerti (Smicridea) Flint, 1978:376 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Para, 164 km.w. of Altamira; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:38 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

resela (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:279 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., creek crossing rd. Tarapoto-Yurimaguas, ca. 30 km (rd.) NE Tarapoto, 6°24.905'S, 76°18.756'W; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

riita (Smicridea) Flint, 1981a:22 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Dos Riitos, 6 km N Rancho Grande; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

roraimense (Rhyacophylax) Albino, Pes and Hamada, 2011:19 [Type locality: Brazil, Roraima, Caracaraí municipality, Rio Branco, Cachoeira do Bem Querer, N 01°55'42” W 61°00'09”; INPA; ♂]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Souza et al., 2013a:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:36 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

ruginasa (Smicridea) Flint, 1991:65 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Honda, Marsella [12 km SW Fredonia]; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

salta (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1974b:35 [Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosi, El Salto, 26 miles W of Antiguo Morelos; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:208 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

sarkoska (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:281 [Type locality: Ecuador, Mindo, Septimo Paraiso, 1600 m; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

sarla (Smicridea) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:282 [Type locality: Peru, Huanuco, stream at Carpish, 2500 m, 76°09'W, 9°40'S; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

sarvaka (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:283 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., Rio Negro, 37 km (rd.) W Moyobamba, near Olmos-Tarapoto rd., 6°00.278'S, 77°15.437'W; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

sattleri (Smicridea) Denning and Sykora, 1968:175 [Type locality: Brazil, Sao Paulo, waterfall on Iporanga Beach, Guaruja Island near Santos; CAS; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:38 [checklist]. —Rocha et al., 2016b:429 [distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

saucia (Smicridea) McLachlan, 1871:137 [Type locality: Peru, probably in the vicinity of Lima; BMNH; ♂]. —Kimmins, 1957:106 [lectotype]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:481 [♂; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Peru.

scutellaris (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1974c:96 [Type locality: Suriname, Coeroeni-eiland; RNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1978:381 [distribution]. —Flint, 1992d:67 [distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:284 [distribution; as scutellaria]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:36 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname.

sepala (Smicridea) Rocha, Dumas and Nessimian, 2016b:427 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Delfinópolis, surrounding area of the Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, confluência do Ribeirão Grande e Córrego Mata do Engenho, 20°31'20.20"S, 46°30'37.57"W, el. 661 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

sexspinosa (Smicridea) Flint, 1978:376 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Gebeit Endstation Rio Marauia, Bergbach II, schattig, starkes Gefalle ber Granitblocken; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Albino et al., 2011:3 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:38 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

signata (Rhyacophylax) (Banks), 1903b:243 [Type locality: United States, Colorado; MCZ; ♀; in Pellopsyche]. —Ross, 1944:294 [to Smicridea]. —Flint, 1974b:29 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution; larva; pupa]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:208 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:5 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:69 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:542 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1186 [checklist]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [ecology]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:304 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist]. —Rázuri-Gonzales and Holzenthal, 2016:21 [compared to Smicridea lobata; distribution; ♂].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico, U.S.A.

simmonsi (Smicridea) Flint, 1968b:28 [Type locality: St. Lucia, Vergallier River, near Marquis; NMNH; ♂; larva; pupa]. —Botosaneanu, 1990a:40 [♂; ♀; synonymy, redescription]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:53 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist, not from Guadaloupe]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:50 [distribution].

—therezieni (Smicridea) Malicky, 1987a:84 [Type locality: Martinique, Rav. Pirogue; collection Malicky; ♂]. — Botosaneanu, 1988:216 [♂; ♀; redescription; larva; pupa]. —Botosaneanu, 1990a:40 [to synonymy].

—aurimacula (Smicridea) Flint and Denning, 1989a:421 [Type locality: St. Vincent, Hermitage; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1990a:40 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent.

singri (Rhyacophylax) Holzenthal and Blahnik, 1995:216 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Singri, ca. 2 km (air) S Finca Helechales, 9.057°N, 83.082°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

sirena (Smicridea) Bueno-Soria, 1986:59 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Estación Sirena, Cocovado; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:70 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

smilodon (Smicridea) Flint, 1989:29 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Ñuble, Recinto; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Chile.

soyatepecana (Smicridea) Bueno-Soria, 1986:61 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Soyatepec, 7 kms al poniente del Ocotito; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

spinulosa (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1972b:242 [Type locality: Argentina, Prov. Misiones, Puerto Rico; NMNH; ♂]. —Marinoni and Almeida, 2000:286 [distribution; biology]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Sganga and Angrisano, 2005:135 [♂; distribution]. —Sganga and Fontanarrosa, 2006:11 [larva; pupa; distribution]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:14 [♂; distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:36 [checklist]. —Manzo et al., 2014:166 [distribution]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

sudara (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:285 [Type locality: Ecuador, Western Andean Slope, Alambi; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru.

talamanca (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1974b:39 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Chitaria; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:70 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:542 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

tapanti (Rhyacophylax) Holzenthal and Blahnik, 1995:218 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, Quebrada Palmitos and falls, 9.686°N, 83.78°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

tarasca (Smicridea) Flint, 1974b:25 [Type locality: Mexico, Michoacan, San Lorenzo, route 15, km 206; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:207 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

tavola (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:286 [Type locality: Ecuador, Amasonian [sic] Lowland, Gareno, near Puerto Napo, 400 m; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

thermophila (Rhyacophylax) Rueda Martín and Sganga, 2011:2219 [Type locality: Argentina, Jujuy province, Ledesma, Río Aguas Calientes, 23°44'46"S, 64°31'29"W, 100 m; IML; ♂; larva; pupa; biology].

Distribution. Argentina.

tina (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:287 [Type locality: Ecuador, Tinalandia Nature Reserve, West Andean Slope, 600 m, 150 km near Quito; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

titschacki (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1975:570 [Type locality: Sud- Peru, Sivia; ZSZMH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:407 [distribution; as titschki, mispelling]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:288 [distribution].

Distribution. Peru.

tobada (Smicridea) Flint and Denning, 1989a:419 [Type locality: Tobago, St. John Province, Charlotteville; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:203 [distribution; ecology]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:34 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:83 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:94 [checklist].

Distribution. Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela.

torpa (Smicridea) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:289 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 104 mao, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

travertinera (Smicridea) Paprocki, Holzenthal and Cressa, 2003:404 [Type locality: Vene­zuela, Falcón, Quebrada El Charo at cataratas, 10°46.771'N, 69°12.174'W, el. 425 m; UMSP; /male; larva; biology]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:14 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Venezuela.

tregala (Smicridea) Flint, 1989:20 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Arauco, Puente Trongol [~12 km S Curanilahue]; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Chile.

truncata (Smicridea) Flint, 1974c:91 [Type locality: Suriname, Kaboeri Creek, first camp; RNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1978:381 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Pes et al., 2008:55 [larva; pupa; biology]. —Dumas et al., 2009:360 [distribution]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Nogueira et al., 2011:176 [community ecology, distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:38 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

turgida (Smicridea) Flint, 1989:28 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Arauco, Caramávida; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Chile.

turrialbana (Smicridea) Flint, 1974b:22 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, 3 miles W of Turrialba; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:70 [distribution]. —Flint and Denning, 1989a:431 [variation, distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

ulva (Smicridea) Flint, 1974b:23 [Type locality: Nicaragua, Chontales, Puente Quinama, E of Villa Somoza; NMNH; ♂]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:5 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:70 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1187 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua.

unguiculata (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1983a:65 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Río Iguazú, Camp Nañdu; NMNH; ♂]. —Marinoni and Almeida, 2000:286 [distribution; biology]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:36 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay.

unicolor (Smicridea) (Banks), 1901:370 [Type locality: Mexico, Cuernavaca; MCZ; ♂; in Diplectrona]. —Ross, 1947:144 [to Smicridea]. —Flint, 1967c:15 [♂; lectotype, redescription]. —Flint, 1974b:17 [♂; distribution; redescription]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:207 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

urra (Smicridea) Flint, 1991:63 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Urrao; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

vagotta (Smicridea) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:290 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 216 m, 4°33.257'N, 52°11.920'W; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

vakara (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:291 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., Rio Huallaga, at Pumarihi Huallaga Lodge, between Juan Guerra and Chazuta, 14 km (rd) W Chazuta, 6°36.643'S, 76°12.555'W; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

valeni (Rhyacophylax) Rueda Martín and Sganga, 2011:2223 [Type locality: Argentina, Tucumán, El Siambón, Río el Siambón; IML; ♂]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

varia (Smicridea) (Banks), 1913a:239 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Turricares [sic, Turrúcares]; MCZ; ♂; in Rhyacophylax]. —Flint, 1967c:15 [♂; to Smicridea]. —Flint, 1974b:17 [♂; ♀; distribution; redescription; larva; pupa]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:207 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:5 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:71 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:542 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1995:100 [♂; ♀; diagnosis; redescription; distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1187 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:194 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama.

vaskosa (Smicridea) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:292 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.235'N, 52°11.988'W, 225 mao; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

vekona (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:293 [Type locality: Argentina, Jujuy, PN, Calilegua, 13 km NW, visitor center, RP 83, 1263 m, 23°41.923'S, 64°52.342'W; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

ventridenticulata (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1991:75 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada La Agudelo, 2 km E El Retiro; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2012:295 [distribution].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela.

veracruzensis (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1974b:43 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Cordoba; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:208 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico.

vermiculata (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1978:381 [Type locality: Argentina, Prov. Misiones, Arroyo Saura, 9 km. north of L.N. Alem; NMNH; ♂]. —Marinoni and Almeida, 2000:286 [distribution; biology]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:36 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay.

vilela (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1978:382 [Type locality: Argentina, Rcho. Barranqueras, Puerto Vilelas; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1982c:29 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:36 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

villa (Rhyacophylax) Oláh and Johanson, 2012:295 [Type locality: Peru, Chontachaca, Kosnipata-Cusco, 13°01'25"S, 71°28'03"W, 700 m, humid subtropical forest; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

villarricensis (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1983a:61 [Type locality: Paraguay, Dpto. Guairá, 3.9 km S Villarrica; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Paraguay.

voluta (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1978:378 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Solimoes, Bereich von Favonio; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1982c:30 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:409 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Ribeiro et al., 2009:34 [list of types]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:36 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Peru.

weidneri (Rhyacophylax) Flint, 1972b:238 [Type locality: Argentina, Prov. Misiones, Capioví; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1966a:8 [as brasilianus, invalid lectotype, distribution]. —Marinoni and Almeida, 2000:286 [distribution; biology]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:9 [checklist]. —Sganga, 2005:142 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:37 [checklist]. —Manzo et al., 2014:166 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

Genus Streptopsyche Ross and Unzicker [5]

Streptopsyche Ross and Unzicker, 1977:307 [Type species: Hydropsyche antilles Ross and Palmer, 1946, original designation]. —Schefter, 2005:149 [phylogeny]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:55 [synonym of Calosopsyche]. —Geraci et al., 2010:925 [resurrected].

This small genus of five species, known only from Hispaniola, has recently gone into and out of synonymy with Calosopsyche (Oláh and Johanson 2008, Geraci et al. 2010). The immature stages are unknown and little is known of its biology, other than the collection of adults near small streams in mountainous areas.

antilles (Ross and Palmer), 1946:184 [Type locality: Santo Domingo [now Hispaniola], [Dominican Republic], Trujillo City [now Santo Domingo]; INHS; ♂; ♀; biology; in Hydropsyche]. —Flint, 1962a:25 [♀; distribution]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Ross and Unzicker, 1977:307 [♂; to Streptopsyche]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:38 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:92 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:20 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:54 [to Calosopsyche]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist]. —Geraci et al., 2010:925 [returned to Streptopsyche].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Haiti.

davisorum Ross and Unzicker, 1977:308 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, La Estrellita Prov., 4 km SE Rio Limpio; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:18 [♂; ♀; distribution; taxonomic remarks; in Hydropsyche]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:38 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:93 [checklist; as Hydropsyche]. —Flint, 2002:409 [larva; pupa; similar to Streptopsyche parander]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:20 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:54 [to Calosopsyche]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist]. —Geraci et al., 2010:925 [returned to Streptopsyche].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

parander (Botosaneanu), 1996:19 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Arroyo San Rafael, S from Barahona; ZMUA; ♂; ♀; in Hydropsyche]. —Flint et al., 1999a:76 [to Streptopsyche]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:38 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:93 [checklist; as Hydropsyche]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:20 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:55 [to Calosopsyche]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist]. —Geraci et al., 2010:925 [returned to Streptopsyche].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

praecipua Flint and Sykora, 2004:22 [Type locality: Haiti, Departement de l’Ouest, Manneville, about 60 ft alt [about el. 18 m]; AMNH; ♂]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:54 [to Calosopsyche]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist]. —Geraci et al., 2010:925 [returned to Streptopsyche].

Distribution. Haiti.

rawlinsi Flint and Sykora, 2004:20 [Type locality: Haiti, Departement du Sud, S slope Morne Formon, Ville Formon, 31 km NW Les Cayes, Massif de la Hotte, 18°20'N, 74°01'W, el. 1405 m; CMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2008:54 [to Calosopsyche]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist]. —Geraci et al., 2010:925 [returned to Streptopsyche].

Distribution. Haiti.

Genus Synoestropsis Ulmer [10]

Synoestropsis Ulmer, 1905a:43 [Type species: Synoestropsis pedicillata Ulmer, 1905a, subsequent designation Fischer 1963]. —Roback, 1966:243 [probable larva]. —Bentes et al., 2008:580 [biology]. —Calor, 2008a:320 [larva].

Chiasmoda Navás, 1920b:40 [Type species: Chiasmoda ecliptica Navás, 1920b, original designation]. —Flint et al., 1999a:75 [to synonymy].

This is the only member of the macronematine tribe Polymorphanisini to occcur in the Neotropics, where its ten species are found from central Mexico to northern Argentina, but not on the Antillean islands.

The larva of an unknown species, long suspected to be Synoestropsis, was ilustrated by Roback (1966) as Hydropsychidae sp. 1, but is was not until Calor (2008) described the larva of Synoestropsis furcata that the immatures have been positively associated. Both Calor (2008) and Flint (personal communication) collected larvae from a gravel riffle of a large stream. Larvae were found several centimeters down in the gravel or on rocky substrate. No clearly recognizable silken retreat or net was found, but these might have been destroyed in digging through the gravel. Bentes et al. (2008) examined the stomach contents of 48 larvae and, based on the high frequency of animal items, inferred that the larvae were predators. Adults, almost always females, come to bright lights near large lowland rivers. Flint did observe males of Synoestropsis obliqua swarming near dusk along the margin of the same river in which he collected larvae. They were flying up and down from 3 to 10 m in elevation in a large, but not very dense, swarm next to the marginal forest.

ecliptica (Navás), 1920b:41 [Type locality: Republica Argentina, Rosario; collection Navás, now lost?; ♂; in Chiasmoda; the figures over the legends for figs. 7 and 9 have clearly been reversed, thus the figure that should have been over the legend for Fig. 7 appears over Fig. 9, and vice versa]. —Flint et al., 1999a:76 [to Synoestropsis].

Distribution. Argentina.

euryphlebia Navás, 1934b:90 [Type locality: Guyane fraç.se, S.t Jean de Maroni; MNHNP; ♀; now lacks abdomen].

Distribution. French Guiana.

furcata Flint, 1974c:117 [Type locality: Guyana, Esseq., 6 miles south of Wineperu, Picrewana Island; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1978:396 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Botosaneanu and Flint, 1982:16 [♀]. —Flint, 1992d:67 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Calor, 2008a:320 [larva]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:38 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela.

grisoli Navás, 1924b:252 [Type locality: Venezuela, Arismondi; MNHNP; ♀]. —Flint, 1974c:118 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1978:396, 404 [♂; distribution; wings]. —Botosaneanu and Flint, 1982:17 [♀]. —Flint, 1992d:67 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:412 [distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Costa et al., 2014:221 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:38 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

manicata (Navás), 1920b:42 [Type locality: R. Argentina, Paso Patria; collection Návas, now lost?; ♀; in Chiasmoda]. —Flint et al., 1999a:76 [to Synoestropsis].

Distribution. Argentina.

obliqua Ulmer, 1905a:45 [Type locality: Brasilien, Rio Grande do Sul; PAN; ♂]; 1907c:28 [wings]. —Flint, 1966a:8 [♂; wings; lectotype]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:39 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

pedicillata Ulmer, 1905a:43 [Type locality: [Brazil], Sta. Catharina [sic]; PAN; ♂]. —Ulmer, 1907c:26 [♂; wings]. —Flint, 1966a:8 [♂; wings; lectotype]. —Flint, 1972b:235 [distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Souza et al., 2013a:6 [tentative, unconfirmed identification]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:39 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

punctipennis Ulmer, 1905a:47 [Type locality: Colombien, Bogota; ZSZMH; ♀]. —Ulmer, 1907c:26 [wings]. —Weidner, 1964:99 [type destroyed]. —Flint, 1978:397 [distribution; wings]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:209 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:71 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:5 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:413 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1187 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:39 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru.

stictonota Navás, 1932a:83 [Type locality: Brazil, Blumenau; collection Navás, now lost?; ♀; the figures over the legends for figs. 72 and 73 have clearly been reversed, thus the figure that should have been over the legend for Fig. 72 appears over Fig. 73, and vice versa]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:39 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

vitrea Navás, 1920a:133 [Type locality: [Argentina], Santa Fe; collection Navás, now lost?; ♀].

Distribution. Argentina.

Family Hydroptilidae

Hydroptilidae, or microcaddisflies, are found around the globe. The family is among the most species rich in all of Trichoptera. The adults of most of the species are usually no more than 5 mm in total length, and some much smaller. Marshall (1979) provided the last comprehensive review and recorded 46 genera and 616 species worldwide. Almost 30 years later, Holzenthal et al. (2007b) listed a world fauna of ca. 70 genera and 2,000 species. Although 922 species, inlcuding 7 fossil species, placed in 36 genera are here recorded from the Neotropics, many more undescribed species are known to occur in the region. The Neotropical fauna includes a number of endemic genera, especially in the Leucotrichiinae, but several very species rich cosmopolitan gerera also occur in the region, e.g., Hydroptila and Oxyethira. One genus, Eutonella, formerly included in the family was removed and placed as incertae sedis within the order by Santos et al., (2016).

The higher classification proposed by Marshall (1979) has remained relatively stable, especially of the tribes (now subfamilies), except for a few changes. Malicky (2001, 2008) elevated the subfamily Ptilocolepinae to family status, thus restricting the family to include only the subfamily Hydroptilinae as defined by Marshall (1979). Consequently, all of the tribes listed by Marshall are now considered subfamilies. Ptilocolepidae and its two included genera are restricted to the Northern Hemisphere and are not treated here. The Hydroptilinae are of wide distribution and consist of six subfamilies, all of which are represented in the Neotropics:

Hydroptilinae: Hydroptila, Oxyethira, Tricholeiochiton

Leucotrichiinae: Acostatrichia, Alisotrichia, Anchitrichia, Ascotrichia, Betrichia, Byrso­pteryx, Ceratotrichia, Celaenotrichia, Cerasmatrichia, Costatrichia, Leucotrichia, Mejicanotrichia, Peltopsyche, Scelobotrichia, Tupini­quintrichia, Zumatrichia

Neotrichiinae: Kumanskiella, Mayatrichia, Neotrichia, Taraxitrichia

Ochrotrichiinae: Angrisanoia, Metrichia, Nothotrichia, Ochrotrichia, Ragatrichia, Rhyacopsyche

Orthotrichiinae: Ithytrichia, Orthotrichia

Stactobiinae: Bredinia, Flintiella, Orinocotrichia, Tizatetrichia

Incertae Sedis: Dicaminus

Recently, Santos et al. (2016) revised the phylogeny and classification of Leucotrichiinae, based on an analysis of morphological and molecular data. Their results supported the monophyly of Leucotrichinae and suggested that the included genera belong to two monophyletic tribes, the newly established Alisotrichiini (Alisotrichia, Byrsopteryx, Celaenotrichia, Cerasmatrichia, Mejicanotrichia, Scelobotrichia), and a revised definition of Leucotrichiini Flint (Acostatrichia, Anchitrichia, Ascotrichia, Betrichia, Ceratotrichia, Costatrichia, Leucotrichia, Peltopsyche, Tupiniquintrichia, Zumatrichia). They also proposed several nomenclatural changes to reflect their phylogenetic results, including the synonymy of Abtrichia with Peltopsyche, the transfer of Betrichia hamulifera to Costatrichia, Betrichia alibrachia and Costatrichia falsa to Leucotrichia, and Costatrichia fluminensis to Acostatrichia. They also established a new genus, Tupiniquintrichia, to include Peltopsyche maclachlani and Leucotrichia procera. Earlier, Oláh and Johanson (2011) and Oláh and Flint (2012) described many new species in several genera, including a new one, Ragatrichia, from across the Neotropics and assigned these to genus clusters based on overall similarity. Finally, Thomson and Holzenthal (2015) provided a revision of Leucotrichia and described about a dozen new species. Many other new species, as indicated below, have been described in the last 10 years, especially by South American workers (e.g., Angrisano, Rueda Martín, Santos, Souza).

The larvae of microcaddisflies are highly diverse in form, habitat, and feeding behavior. Although most construct cases of silk or sand, some construct shelters covering only the exposed side and are firmly attached to the substrate, and others remain free-living prior to pupation. Several genera occurring in the Neotropics remain unknown in the larval stage.

Genus Acostatrichia Mosely [20]

Acostatrichia Mosely, 1939a:228 [Type species: Acostatrichia plaumanni Mosely 1939a, original designation]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2010:56 [immatures; biology]. —Santos et al., 2016a:470 [phylogeny].

This genus of Leucotrichiinae, Leucotrichiini, is widespread over much of South America and Panama, but is not known from the rest of Central America or the Antilles. The monophyly of the genus is equivocal and the taxonomy and phylogeny of this and several others in the tribe (e.g., Betrichia, Costatrichia) require further carefull study (Santos et al., 2016a).

The immature stages of Acostatrichia simulans were described by Angrisano and Sganga (2010) and appear to be typical of the tribe. The larvae were collected in a sunny section of the stream where the canopy was partially open. Cases were abundant and attached to the substrate in shallow areas of the study section (Angrisano and Sganga 2010).

brevipenis Flint, 1974c:54 [Type locality: Suriname, Lawa River, Anapaike; RNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1992d:69 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:156 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:40 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname.

buborektala Oláh and Johanson, 2011:155 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., Rio Huallaga, at Pumarihri Huallaga Lodge, between Juan Guerra and Chazuta, 14 km (rd.) W Chazuta, 6°36.643'S, 76°12.555'W; NHRS; ♂]. —Oláh and Flint, 2012:143 [distribution].

Distribution. Brazil, Peru.

cerna Oláh and Flint, 2012:143 [Type locality: Ecuador, Los Rios Province. Quevedo (56 km North), Rio Palenque Biological Station, el. 250 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

darda Oláh and Flint, 2012:145 [Type locality: Peru, Cusco Department, Pilcopata, premontane moist forest, el. 600 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru.

digitata Thomson and Holzenthal, 2012:21 [Type locality: Venezuela, Bolívar, E Tumeremo, W Bochinche, Río Botonamo, 07°25.462'N, 61°14.318'W, el. 150 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

elvesta Oláh and Flint, 2012:146 [Type locality: Brazil, Rondonia State, creek, 8 km South Cacaulandia; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

fimbriata Flint, 1974c:54 [Type locality: Suriname, Coppename River, Raleigh Falls; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

fluminensis (Santos and Nessimian), 2010b:840 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Mangarativa, Reserva Ecológica Rio das Pedras, 22°59'29.4"S, 44°06'02.6"W; DZRJ; ♂; in Costatrichia]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:43 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2016a:472 [to Acostatrichia].

Distribution. Brazil.

hosulaba Oláh and Flint, 2012:147 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza Province, Puyo (1.5 km South); NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

ketvilla Oláh and Flint, 2012:149 [Type locality: Brazil, Pará State, Rio Xingu Camp, circa. 60 km South Altamira, 52°22'W, 3°39'S; MZUSP; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

kihara Oláh and Flint, 2012:150 [Type locality: Ecuador, Napo Province, Pano, at stream, el. 580 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador, Venezuela.

pika Oláh and Flint, 2012:151 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pichincha Province, Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 14 km East; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

plaumanni Mosely, 1939a:228 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; BMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1995b:505 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Manzo et al., 2014:166 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:40 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2016a:466 [♂ head].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

rovidka Oláh and Flint, 2012:153 [Type locality: Guyana, Moco-Moco, 30 km East Lethem, 3°18.2'N, 59°39.0'W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Guyana.

simulans Mosely, 1939a:229 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; BMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1995b:505 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2010:56 [larva; pupa; case; biology]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:40 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Uruguay.

spinifera Flint, 1974c:53 [Type locality: Suriname, Nickerie River, Lombok Falls; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

tapada Oláh and Flint, 2012:154 [Type locality: Venezuela, Bolivar State, Rio Caroni at Paso Caruachi; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

topora Oláh and Flint, 2012:156 [Type locality: Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Snyder-Molino trail; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

tuskera Oláh and Flint, 2012:157 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo State, Piracicaba; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

ujasa Oláh and Flint, 2012:158 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza Province, Puyo (27 km North), Estacion Fluviometrica; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

Genus Alisotrichia Flint [58 + †1]

Alisotrichia Flint, 1964a:46 [Type species: Alisotrichia hirudopsis Flint, 1964a, original designation]. —Flint, 1970:24 [revision; in Leucotrichiinae]. —Marshall 1979:183 [diagnosis; in Hydroptilinae, Leucotrichiini]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1993:155 [phylogeny; to Hydroptilinae: Stactobiini]. —Bowles et al. 1999:51 [to Hydroptilinae, Leucotrichiini]. —Santos et al., 2016a:471 [type genus of tribe Alisotrichiini].

Rioptila Blickle and Denning, 1977:300 [Type species: Rioptila arizonica Blickle and Denning, 1977, original designation]. —Harris and Holzenthal 1993 [to synonymy].

The genus was placed in the Leucotrichiinae by Flint (1964a) and Marshall (1979), but was moved to the Stactobiinae by Harris and Holzenthal (1993). A study, especially of the larvae, by Bowles et al. (1999) returned Alisotrichia and related genera back to the Leucotrichiinae. Santos et al. (2016) corroborated its its monophyly and placement in the Leucotrichinae, Alisotrichiini, based on phylogenetic inference using molecular and morphological characters. Harris and Holzenthal (1993) divided the genus into eight species groups on the basis of such adult characters as spur count, antennal structure, and structure of the male genitalia. The three basal groups have now been raised to generic level as Cerasmatrichia (the dominicensis group), Scelobotrichia (the quemada group), and Mejicanotrichia (the blantoni group). The genus occurs from the southwestern United States, through Mexico south to Venezuela and throughout the Antilles. A single species is known from Dominican amber.

Larvae of the type species, Alisotrichia hirudopsis, were described by Flint (1964a) and larvae of other Antillean species have been described since then (Botosaneanu 1990a, 1994b, Flint 1968a, 1970). The case-less larvae are typically found on rocks in splash zones around falls and rapids or on moist rocks just above or below the water line. They undoubtedly feed on organic matter scraped from the substrate.

aglae Botosaneanu, 1991a:118 [Type locality: Haiti, Département de l’Ouest, Ville Bonheur (Ville Saut d’Eau); ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [checklist]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:39 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:26 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Haiti.

alayoana Botosaneanu, 1977:256 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Baire, Rio Mogote; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:48 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b: 455 [larva]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [checklist]. —López del Castillo et al., 2004:229 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

aquaecadentis Botosaneanu, 1991a:116 [Type locality: Haiti, Département du Sud, Saut Mathurine, Rivière du Cavaillon; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [checklist]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:39 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:27 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Haiti.

arcana Botosaneanu, 1991a:124 [Type locality: Haiti, Département du Sud, près de Camp Perrin, Résurgence du Moreau; ZMUA; ♂]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:39 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:27 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Haiti.

argentilinea Flint, 1968a:34 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Chestervale, Yallahs River; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; case]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

† arizela Wells and Wichard, 1989:43 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; collection Wichard; ♂; in amber]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:39 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [checklist]. —Wichard, 2007a:48 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

asta Harris and Flint, 2002:207 [Type locality: Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Snyder-Molino trail, marker 3; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

befoga Oláh and Flint, 2012:159 [Type locality: Peru, Huanuco Province, Tingo Maria, el. 672 m, premontane rain forest; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

benji Rueda Martín, 2011:2 [Type locality: Argentina, Jujuy, A8 Yuto, Parque Nacional Calilegua, 23°38'40.2"S, 64°35'53.7"W, el. 505 m; IML; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

bisetosa Flint and Sykora, 2004:27 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Independence Province, Río Guyabal, 4.5 km N Poster Río, 18°34.7'N, 7137.7'W, el. 150 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

cacaulandia Harris and Flint, 2002:200 [Type locality: Brazil, Rondonia, creek 8 km S Cacaulandia; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:40 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

cainguas Angrisano and Sganga, 2009:58 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones: Parque Provincial Salto Encantado, tributary of Arroyo Cuñá-Pirú; MACN; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

chihuahua Bueno-Soria and Harris, 1993:54 [Type locality: Mexico, Chihuahua, Río Concheno, ruta 16 cerca de Basaseachic; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

chiquitica Botosaneanu, 1977:258 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Baracoa, Rio Jojo; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:48 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:81 [checklist]. —López del Castillo et al., 2004:229 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

chorra Flint, 1970:27 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, El Chorreadero, 6.4 mi S. Chiapa de Corzo; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:200 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

cimarrona Botosaneanu, 1977:254 [Type locality: Cuba, Pinar del Rio, Soroa, Rio Manantiales; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:48 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

circinata Flint, 1992c:383 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, El Verde Field Station, Quebrada Prieta; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

cornicula Bueno-Soria and Harris, 1993:52 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Soyatepec; IBUNAM; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

cuernita Harris and Flint, 2002:207 [Type locality: Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Snyder-Molino trail, marker 3; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

cyanolenos Flint, 1996a:91 [Type locality: Trinidad, Blue Basin Waterfall, 10°44'N, 61°32'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist].

Distribution. Trinidad, Venezuela.

euphrosyne Botosaneanu, 1991a:118 [Type locality: Haiti, Département de l’Ouest, Ville Bonheur (Ville Saut d’Eau); ZMUA; ♂]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:39 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:27 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Haiti.

flintiana Botosaneanu, 1977:253 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Baire, Rio Mogote; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:48 [distribution]. —Kumanski, 1987:15 [♀]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:455 [larva]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist].—Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

fundorai (Botosaneanu and Sykora), 1973:397 [Type locality: Cuba, Petit affluent du Rio Caburny, Sierra Escambray, près Topes de Collantes; NMNH; ♂; in Oxyethira]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:40 [♂; to Alisotrichia]. —Kumanski, 1987:15 [♀]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist].—Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

gabriel Angrisano and Burgos, 2002:108 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, Bernardo de Irigoyen, Cuenca del arroyo Urugua-í, Establecimento Intercontinental; MACN; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina

giampaolina Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:10 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Ann, Ocho Rios, Shaw Park Gardens; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

hirudopsis aitija Botosaneanu, 1995:22 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Arroyo los Guineos, on road San Francisco de Macoris to Loma; ZMUA; ♂]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:39 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:27 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

hirudopsis hirudopsis Flint, 1964a:47 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, El Yunque, stream crossing road 191 at km 6.4; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; case]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2016a:466 [♂].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

hispaniolina Botosaneanu, 1991a:116 [Type locality: Haiti, Département de l’Ouest, Rivière Tombe à Mirebalais; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 1995:23 [distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:39 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist].—Flint and Sykora, 2004:27 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Haiti.

holzenthali Santos, 2011:60 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Santana do Riacho municipality, Cardeal Mota, Rio Cipó, Cachoeira Grande, 19°20'46.7"S, 43°38'09.7"W; DZRJ; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:40 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

kantala Oláh and Johanson, 2011:143 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., La Catarata de Ahuashiyascu, 6°27.544'S, 76°18.192'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

kanukua Harris and Flint, 2002:200 [Type locality: Guyana, Kanuku Mountains, Moco River, 3°18.2'N, 59°38.9'W; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:144 [distribution].

Distribution. French Guiana, Guyana.

kevera Oláh and Johanson, 2011:144 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.257'N, 52°11.920'W, el. 216 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

latipalpis Flint, 1991:44 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada La Jiménez, Sopetrán; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

linterna Harris and Flint, 2002:198 [Type locality: Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Snyder-Molino trail, marker 3; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

lobata Flint, 1968b:43 [Type locality: Dominica, Clarke Hall; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:55 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominica.

macae Santos, 2011:65 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Macaé Municipality, Rio São Pedro, 22°13'47.6"S, 42°08'04.7"W, el. 470 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:40 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

mathisi Harris and Flnt, 2002:202 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Mavis Bank (1.7 km E), Yal-lahs River, l8°2.4'N, 77°39.5'W, el. 575 m; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Jamaica.

muellita Harris and Flint, 2002:197 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Manu, Pakitza, 11°56’ S, 71°18’ W, el. 250 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

neblina Harris and Flint, 2002:205 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, basecamp, 0°50'N, 66°10'W, el. 140 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

nessimiani Santos, 2011:66 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Nova Friburgo municipality, Cascata, tributary to Rio Macaé, 22°21'54.9"S, 42°15'20.5"W, el. 391 m; DZRJ; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:41 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

orophila guadeloupea Botosaneanu, 1994a:35 [Type locality: Guadeloupe, Rivère du Grand Carbet: ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:256 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:55 [checklist].

Distribution. Guadeloupe.

orophila orophila Flint, 1968b:41 [Type locality: Dominica, Dleau Gommier; NMNH; ♂; larva; pupa; case]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1989a:97 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1990a:44 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:37 [distribution].

Distribution. Dominica, Martinique.

panamensis Harris and Flint, 2002:195 [Type locality: Panama, Barra Colorado Island, Canal Zone; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

paxilla Harris and Flint, 2002:204 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Elizabeth, Elim, l8°7.1'N, 77°40.5'W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Jamaica.

rugoka Oláh and Johanson, 2011:146 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

schmidi Kumanski, 1987:16 [Type locality: Cuba, Province Las Villas, massive of Guamuaya, Rio Nabujina, near El Piojillo village; NMSB; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

setigera Flint, 1992c:383 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, El Verde Field Station, Quebrada Prieta; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

sonora Bueno-Soria and Harris, 1993:51 [Type locality: Mexico, Sonora, Maycoba River, west of Maycoba; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

tenuivirga Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:10 [Type locality: Jamaica, Buff Bay River in Green Hill at “Regele”, Blue Mountains, Portland; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

tetraespinosa Bueno-Soria and Harris, 1993:53 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, ruta 130, 80 km N. Zihuatanejo; IBUNAM; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

thalia Botosaneanu, 1991a:120 [Type locality: Haiti, Département de l’Ouest, Ville Bonhour (Ville Saut d’Eau); ZMUA; ♂]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:39 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist].—Flint and Sykora, 2004:29 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Haiti.

timouchela Botosaneanu, 1989a:98 [Type locality: Martinique, Rivière Coco (Morne-Vert); ZMUA; ♂; p. 96; ♀; as Bredinia sp.]; —Botosaneanu, 1990a:44 [larva; pupa; case; synonymy of Bredinia sp.; distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist]. —Harris and Flint, 2002:210 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:38 [distribution].

Distribution. Martinique, St. Vincent, Venezuela.

tiza Harris and Holzenthal, 1993:157 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Río Tizate, 7.2 km NE Cañas Dulces; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

ubatuba Santos, 2011:62 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo State, Ubatuba municipality, Rio Canoas, 23°20'18,7"S, 44°50'16,8"W, el. 475 m; DZRJ; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:41 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

ultima Flint and Sykora, 2004:29 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Azua Province, Río Las Cuevas, 8 km NE Padre Las Casas, 18°46'N, 70°53'W, el. 580 m; CMNH; ♂]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

ventricosa Flint, 1991:44 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada La Jiménez, Sopetrán; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

viuda Harris and Flint, 2002:205 [Type locality: Venezuela, Sucre, Parque Nacional Peninsula de Paria, Uquire, Rio La Viuda, 10°42.83'N, 61°57.66'W, el. 15 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

woldai Harris and Flint, 2002:198 [Type locality: Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Snyder-Molino trail, marker 3; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

woodruffi Flint and Sykora, 2004:29 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Monseñor Nouel Province [not La Vega as labeled], 6 km [not mi. as labeled] NW Rt. 1 on road to Constanza; FSCA; ♂]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

Genus Anchitrichia Flint [8]

Anchitrichia Flint, 1970:14 [Type species: Anchitrichia spangleri Flint, 1970, original designation].

Among the Neotropical Leucotrichiinae, Anchitrichia species can be rather large, often exceeding 5 mm. The monophyly of the genus was corroborated in a recent study (Santos et al. 2016). One species is common throughout Central America and most others occur in the Andes, although some extend to lower elevations in Brazil and Paraguay. Larvae of Anchitrichia spangleri were described by Flint (1970) and those of Anchitrichia duplifurcata by Guahyba (1991). Adults occur near small to medium-sized rivers that have reaches of fast flowing water and a rocky substrate; they can also be seen swarming on streamside vegetation during the day.

agaboga Oláh and Flint, 2012:161 [Type locality: Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, Latacunga, 133 km West, el. 1080 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

carolae Oláh and Flint, 2012:163 [Type locality: Venezuela, Barinas State, Rio Santo Domingo, Barinas; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

duplifurcata Flint, 1983a:36 [Type locality: Paraguay, Dpto. Amambay, 2 km S Cerro Cora; NMNH; ♂]. —Guahyba, 1991:121 [larva; pupa; case]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:365 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:41 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2016a:464 [larva; pupa].

Distribution. Brazil, Paraguay.

harrisi Oláh and Flint, 2012:164 [Type locality: Venezuela, Zulia State, El Tucuco, Sierra de Perija, montane forest; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

holzenthali Oláh and Flint, 2012:166 [Type locality: Ecuador, Napo Province, Rio Jondachi, 950 m, 30 km North Tena; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

palmatiloba Flint, 1991:38 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Río Aurrá, km 50, E San Jerónimo; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela.

spangleri Flint, 1970:14 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Arriaga; NMNH; ♂; larva; case]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:200 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:60 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:537 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama.

trifurcata Angrisano, 1984:4 [Type locality: Argentina, Salta, Parque Nacional Baritú; MACN; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:156 [distribution]. —Oláh and Flint, 2012:167 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Peru.

Genus Angrisanoia Özdikmen [5]

Paratrichia Angrisano, 1995b:507 [Type species: Ochrotrichia (Paratrichia) cebollati, Angrisano, 1995b, original designation; as subgenus of Ochrotrichia]. —Flint et al., 1999b:106 [as subgenus of Ochrotrichia]. —Angrisano, 2002:405 [to genus status]. ­—Özdikmen, 2008:615 [preoccupied by Paratrichia Kelsey, 1969:320, in Diptera, Scenopinidae].

Angrisanoia Özdikmen, 2008:615 [Type species: Ochrotrichia (Paratrichia) cebollati Angrisano, 1995b; replacement name for Paratrichia Angrisano, 1995b]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:235 [redescription].

A small genus of Ochrotrichiinae, first established as the subgenus Paratrichia of Ochrotrichia, and later elevated to genus Paratrichia (Angrisano 1995b, 2002, respectively). Özdikmen (2008) transferred the type species, Paratrichia cebolatii, to a new genus, Angrisanoia, because Paratrichia was a junior homonym of a Diptera genus within Scenopinidae (Kelsey 1969). Oláh and Johanson (2011) added some morphological characters to the genus diagnosis. Angrisanoia occurs from Venezuela and French Guyana to Argentina. Larvae are unknown.

acuti (Angrisano and Sganga), 2009:62 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, Parque Provincial Salto Encantado, Salto Acutí; MACN; ♂; in Paratrichia]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:236 [to Angrisanoia]. —Manzo et al., 2014:166 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

agazoka Oláh and Johanson, 2011:236 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°32.833'N, 52°11.452'W, el. 77 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

cebollati (Angrisano), 1995b:509 [Type locality: Uruguay, Lavalleja, Rio Cebollati, Picada de Rodriguez; FHCU; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Paratrichia)]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 2002:405 [to Paratrichia]. —Özdikmen, 2008:615 [to Angrisanoia]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:238 [checklist].

Distribution. Uruguay.

lemeza Oláh and Johanson, 2011:238 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

otarosa (Wasmund and Holzenthal), 2007:17 [Type locality: Venezuela, T. F. A. [Amazonas], Camp IV, Cerro d. l. Neblina, 0°58'N, 65°57'W, el. 760 m; NMNH; ♂; in Rhyacopsyche]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:239 [to Angrisanoia].

Distribution. Venezuela.

Genus Ascotrichia Flint [3]

Ascotrichia Flint, 1983a:35 [Type species: Ascotrichia frontalis Flint, 1983a, original designation].

This Leucotrichiinae genus, established by Flint (1983a), now contains three species from eastern South America. Larvae are unknown. Adults have been taken at light near swift flowing, larger, lowland rivers. The genus was consistently monophyletic under all assumptions in the analyses by Santos et al. (2016).

frontalis Flint, 1983a:36 [Type locality: Paraguay, Dpto. Alto Paraná, Salto del Monday, near Puerto Presidente Franco; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1995b:505 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:366 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:157 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:41 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2016a:465 [adult photograph].

Distribution. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay.

spangleri Oláh and Flint, 2012:167 [Type locality: Venezuela, Amazonas Federal Territory, Puerto Ayacucho (40km South), El Tobogan, Cano Coromoto; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

surinamensis (Flint), 1974c:57 [Type locality: Suriname, Nickerie River, Blanche Marie; RNH; ♂; in Betrichia]. —Flint, 1983a:36 [to Ascotrichia]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:157 [distribution].

Distribution. French Guiana, Suriname.

Genus Betrichia Mosely [10]

Betrichia Mosely, 1939a:230 [Type species: Betrichia zilbra Mosely, 1939a, original designation]. —Santos et al., 2016a:472 [phylogenetic position, larva photograph]

This is a Leucotrichiine genus of ten described species, all known from eastern South America. There are no precise diagnostic characters to separate Betrichia from similar leucotrichiine genera (Marshall 1979). Santos et al. (2016) corroborated the placement of the genus within the Leucotrichiini clade of Leucotrichiinae, but did not support its monophyly and echoed Marshall’s observation of a lack of clear morphological delineation of the genus. Larvae of the genus are known, but not yet described. Adults commonly come to light, usually near larger, lowland rivers.

argentinica Flint, 1972b:232 [Type locality: Argentina, Prov. Misiones, Capiovi; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1995b:505 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Uruguay.

bispinosa Flint, 1974c:59 [Type locality: Suriname, Lawa River, Anapaike; RNH; ♂]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Souza et al., 2016a:295 [distribution].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

kagyla Oláh and Flint, 2012:170 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas State, Igarape Tarumanzinho, near Manaus; MZUSP; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

longistyla Flint, 1983a:38 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:42 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

nhundiaquara Souza, Santos and Takiya, 2016a:291 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Morretes, Rio Nhundiaquara, 25°25'25"S, 48°54'0"W, el. 89 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

occidentalis Flint, 1974c:60 [Type locality: Suriname, Blanche Marie, falls in creek; RNH; ♂]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:159 [distribution]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist].

Distribution. French Guiana, Suriname.

rovatka Oláh and Johanson, 2011:159 [Type locality: French Guiana, Roura, Cacao, 4°33.639'N, 52°24.629'W el. 66 m; NHRS; ♂]. —Oláh and Flint, 2012:171 [distribution]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist].

Distribution. Ecuador, French Guiana.

uruguayensis Angrisano, 1995b:505 [Type locality: Uruguay, Paysandu, Sta. Rita, Puerto Pepeaji; FHCU; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Oláh and Flint, 2012:171 [distribution]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Uruguay.

varratlana Oláh and Flint, 2012:171 [Type locality: Brazil, Rondonia State, creek 8 km South Cacaulandia; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana.

zilbra Mosely, 1939a:231 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Nova, Teutonia; BMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1995b:505 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Oláh and Flint, 2012:173 [distribution]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:42 [checklist]. —Souza et al., 2016a:293 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Guyana, Uruguay.

Genus Bredinia Flint [16]

Bredinia Flint, 1968b:50 [Type species: Bredinia dominicensis Flint, 1968b, original designation]. — Angrisano, 2002:398 [larva]. —Harris et al., 2002c:14 [revision].

Bredinia is a genus currently restricted to the Neotropics and placed in the Stactobiinae. Members of the genus are minute in size and gray in coloration. Adults are attracted to lights along larger rivers. Immature stages were described by Angrisano (2002). The larvae and cases show no distinctive characters and they are of the “primitive form” among the Hydroptilidae (Angrisano, 2002).

alza Harris, Holzenthal and Flint, 2002c:35 [Type locality: Paraguay, Concepción, Concepción; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:28 [♂; larva; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Paraguay.

appendiculata Flint and Sykora, 1993:56 [Type locality: Grenada, Parish St. Andrews, Balthazar Estate; FSCA; ♂]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist]. —Harris et al., 2002c:22 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Grenada, Peru, Venezuela.

costaricensis (Flint), 1967b:13 [Type locality: Costa Rica, La Lola near Martina; NMNH; ♂; in Neotrichia]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:62 [distribution]. —Flint et al., 1999a:76 [to Bredinia]. —Harris et al., 2002c:24 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

davenporti Harris, Holzenthal and Flint, 2002c:24 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, Río Sucusari at Explornapo Camp; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

dominicensis Flint, 1968b:51 [Type locality: Dominica, Hodges River mouth, swamp forest; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Flint, 1996a:90 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist]. —Harris et al., 2002c:15 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:38 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, Martinique, Panama, Trinidad.

emarginata Harris, Holzenthal and Flint, 2002c:37 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Pizote, ca 5 km N Dos Ríos, 10.948°N, 85.291°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

espinosa Harris, Holzenthal and Flint, 2002c:20 [Type locality: Ecuador, Los Ríos, Quevedo (56 km N), Río Palenque Biological Station; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:248 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:42 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Venezuela.

guanacasteca Harris, Holzenthal and Flint, 2002c:17 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Río Tempisquito, ca 3 km S route 1, 10.790°N, 85.552°W, el. 75 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

manabiensis Harris, Holzenthal and Flint, 2002c:27 [Type locality: Ecuador, Manabi, 29 km W Santo Domingo, Rancho Ronald; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

mexicana Harris, Holzenthal and Flint, 2002c:35 [Type locality: Mexico, Tamaulipas, Río Frio at La Poza Azul near Gómez Farias; NMNH; /male; ♀].

Distribution. Mexico.

pilcopata Harris, Holzenthal and Flint, 2002c:32 [Type locality: Peru, Cuzco, Pilcopata, el. 600 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:248 [distribution].

Distribution. Peru.

selva Harris, Holzenthal and Flint, 2002c:19 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Heredia, Estación Biológica La Selva; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

spangleri Harris, Holzenthal and Flint, 2002c:34 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza, Puyo (16 km W); NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

sucrensis Harris, Holzenthal and Flint, 2002c:37 [Type locality: Venezuela, Sucre, Parque Nacional Peninsula de Paria, Uquire, Río La Viuda, 10°42.830'N, 61°57.661'W, el. 15 m; NMNH; /male; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

venezuelensis Harris, Holzenthal and Flint, 2002c:29 [Type locality: Venezuela, Zulia, Perija El Tucuco, Mission El Tucuco, Río El Tucuco, 11 km from church; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:248 [distribution].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela.

zulia Harris, Holzenthal and Flint, 2002c:39 [Type locality: Venezuela, Zulia, El Tucuco, Sierra de Perija; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

Genus Byrsopteryx Flint [16]

Byrsopteryx Flint, 1981a:27 [Type species: Byrsopteryx mirifica Flint, 1981a, original designation]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1994:154 [revision, placement]. —Bowles et al., 1999:45 [placement]. —Santos et al., 2016a:471 [phylogenetic placement].

The genus Byrsopteryx was originally placed in the Leucotrichiinae, transferred to the Stactobiinae (Harris and Holzenthal 1994), and returned to the Leucotrichiinae (Bowles et al. 1999). Santos et al. (2016) established the monophyly of the genus and refined its position even further as a member of the Leucotrichiinae, tribe Alisotrichiini. The adults of the genus are small, but easily recognized by the bright white or greenish-white spots on the dark body and forewings. All known species are found in southern Central America, South America, and the Lesser Antilles.

Adults are day-active, running about over streamside rocks, boulders, and low vegetation. As they rarely fly to collecting lights at night, they are often poorly represented in collections. Larvae of Byrsopteryx mirifica and Byrsopteryx carioca were described by Holzenthal and Harris (1991) and Santos and Nessimian (2010c), respectively. These authors also described the immatures of Byrsopteryx abrelata and Byrsopteryx espinhosa. Larvae build portable cases and are madicolous, occurring in the spray and splash zones of small waterfalls and mountain streams, where they apparently feed by scraping diatoms and associated periphyton from the substrate.

abrelata Harris and Holzenthal, 1994:157 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, municipal water supply; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:366 [distribution]. —Santos and Nessimian, 2010c:52 [larva; pupa; case]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:42 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2016a:465 [adult photograph]

Distribution. Brazil.

bipartiterga Botosaneanu, 2000:252 [Type locality: Guadeloupe, Parc National de la Guadeloupe, La Deuxieme Chute du Carbet, el. 580 m; ZMUA; /female]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist].

Distribution. Guadeloupe.

carioca Santos and Nessimian, 2010c:45 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Floresta da Tijuca: Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Rio Humaitá, 22°57'30.1"S 43°17'21.4"W, el. 475 m; DZRJ; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; biology]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:42 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2016a:466 [♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

chaconi Harris and Holzenthal, 1994:160 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, roadside seep, route 2, just W km 234, 8.976°N, 83.299°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

cuchilla Harris and Holzenthal, 1994:164 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Chitaria; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

esparta Harris and Holzenthal, 1994:163 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, 14.1 mi SE Esparta; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

espinhosa Harris and Holzenthal, 1994:164 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, km 17, 18 km S Teresopolis; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:366 [distribution]. —Santos and Nessimian, 2010c:52 [♀; larva; pupa; case]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:43 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2016a:464 [larva photograph].

Distribution. Brazil.

gomezi Harris and Holzenthal, 1994:164 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Bellavista, ca. 1.5 km NW las Alturas, 8.951°N, 82.846°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

loja Harris and Holzenthal, 1994:167 [Type locality: Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchipe, 30 km E Loja; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Ecuador.

mirifica Flint, 1981a:27 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Maracay, Río Limón, Estación Piscicultura; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; case]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1991:405 [♂; ♀ larva; case]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1994:170 [♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

rayada Harris and Holzenthal, 1994:172 [Type locality: Ecuador, Cañar, Río Chauchas, 3km N Zhud; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Ecuador.

septempunctata (Flint), 1968b:46 [Type locality: Dominica, Pont Casse, 2.2mi E; NMNH; ♂; in Alisotrichia]. —Flint, 1981a:27 [to Byrsopteryx]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1994:172 [♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:254 [♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:55 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadaloupe.

solisi Harris and Holzenthal, 1994:175 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Singrí, 2 km (air) S Finca Helechales, 9.057°N, 83.082°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

tabasquensis Bueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso, and Barba-Álvarez, 2001:146 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Municipio de Huimanguillo, Arroyo las Flores, Villa de Guadalupe 2a sección Los Chimalapas, km 5 Ruta Malpasito–Carlos A. Madrazo, 17°22'05"N, 93°36'25"W; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

tapanti Harris and Holzenthal, 1994:177 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Res. Tapantí, Quebrada Palmitos and falls, 9.72°N, 83.78°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

tica Harris and Holzenthal, 1994:179 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Res. Tapantí, unnamed tributary, ca. 8 km (rd.) S headquarters, 9.76°N, 83.78°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

Genus Celaenotrichia Mosely [1]

Celaenotrichia Mosely, 1934b:158 [Type species: Celaenotrichia edwardsi Mosely 1934b, original designation]. —Harris and Flint, 1993:101 [redescription; placement]. —Santos et al., 2016a:471 [phylogenetic position].

Mosely (1934b) established the monotypic genus Celaenotrichia for Celaenotrichia edwardsi, collected on Chiloe Island in southern Chile. The species has since been collected at several other localities in Chile as well as in Argentina. The genus was placed in the Leucotrichiinae by Marshall (1979), transferred to the Stactobiinae (Harris and Flint 1993), and returned to the Leucotrichiinae (Bowles et al. 1999). Its placement has since been further defined to Leucotrichiinae, Alisotrichiini (Santos et al. 2016a).

Adults are day active, occurring on rocks adjacent to swift flowing streams. Larvae of Celaenotrichia edwardsi were described by Harris and Flint (1993). They build portable, purse cases and are found on the rocky substrate of swift flowing streams where they apparently feed as scrapers or grazers.

edwardsi Mosely, 1934b:158 [Type locality: Chile, Chiloe Island, Castro; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist]. —Harris and Flint, 1993:101 [♂; ♀; larva; case; distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Cerasmatrichia Flint, Harris and Botosaneanu [8]

Cerasmatrichia Flint, Harris and Botosaneanu, 1994:360 [Type species: Cerasmatrichia trinitatis Flint, Harris and Botosaneanu 1994, original designation]. —Santos et al., 2016a:464 [larva photograph].

This genus was established for the dominicensis group, once included in Alisotrichia. The genus was originally placed in the tribe Stactobiinae, but has now been transferred to the Leucotrichiinae, Alisotrichiini and its monophyly has been established (Bowles et al. 1999, Santos et al. 2016a). Cerasmatrichia is known to occur from Costa Rica south to Peru, east to Trinidad and throughout the Lesser Antilles.

Larvae have been described for Cerasmatrichia spinosa and are known for several additional species in the genus (Flint et al. 1994). The free-living larvae are found on rocks and boulders in splash zones or at the water’s edge, where they remain damp. They occur in small to medium sized rivers, but the adults are seldom attracted to light.

adunca (Flint), 1991:44 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia 10 km E Medellín, road to Guarne; NMNH; ♂; in Alisotrichia]. —Flint et al., 1994:377 [♂; ♀; to Cerasmatrichia]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:148 [distribution; in synonymy as Rioptila].

Distribution. Colombia, Peru.

argylensis Flint, Harris and Botosaneanu, 1994:370 [Type locality: Tobago, St. Paul Parish, Argyle River at Argyle Waterfall; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:82 [checklist].

—Hydroptilid genus, sp. 2, Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:201. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:14 [distribution]. —Flint et al., 1994:370 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Tobago, Trinidad.

dominicensis (Flint), 1968b:44 [Type locality: Dominica, 2.2 mi E Pont Casse; NMNH; ♂; in Alisotrichia]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1989a:97 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1994:369 [♂; ♀; to Cerasmatrichia]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:256 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:38 [probable, distribution].

—Ochtrotrichia (Ochtrotrichia) species, Flint and Sykora, 1993:58 [misidentification]. —Flint et al., 1994:369 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique [?].

fulika Oláh and Johanson, 2011:150 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

hidala Oláh and Johanson, 2011:148 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., creek crossing rd. Tarapoto-Yurimaguas, ca. 30 km (rd.) NE Tarapoto, 6°24.904'S, 76°18.756'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

spinosa Flint, Harris and Botosaneanu, 1994:368 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Aragua, Rio El Limón, fish hatchery, Maracay; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; case]. —Flint, 1981a:26 [in part, misidentification of Alisotrichia wirthi material from Río El Limón].

Distribution. Venezuela.

trinitatis Flint, Harris and Botosaneanu, 1994:374 [Type locality Trinidad, St. George County, Northern Range, Maracas Waterfall; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1996a:90 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:83 [checklist].

—Hydroptilid genus, sp. 1, Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:201. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:14 [distribution]. —Flint et al., 1994:374 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Trinidad, Venezuela.

wirthi (Flint), 1968b:46 [Type locality: Dominica, Fond Figues River; NMNH; ♂; in Alisotrichia]. —Flint et al., 1994:374 [♂; ♀; to Cerasmatrichia]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:38 [probable, distribution].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique [?], Venezuela.

Genus Ceratotrichia Flint [5]

Ceratotrichia Flint, 1992b:527 [Type species: Ceratotrichia fairchildi Flint 1992b, original designation]. —Pes and Hamada, 2004:32 [larva; pupa; taxonomic remarks; distribution].

This genus was established for two unusual species, one from Panama (Ceratotrichia fairchildi) the other northern South America (Ceratotrichia flavicoma). Later, another three species were described from Bolivia and Ecuador. As typical for other Leucotrichiinae genera, it is defined primarily on male secondary sexual features, but its monophyly has been confirmed (Santos et al. 2016a). Adults have been taken at lights near fast flowing small to large rivers usually in densely forested regions.

Pes and Hamada (2004) described the immature stages of an unidentified species and recorded the genus for the first time from Brazil. The larvae were more common in the turbulent flow of rapids and waterfalls, and were found in association with species of Zumatrichia, Alisotrichia, and Leucotrichia in these situations (Pes and Hamada 2004).

balra Oláh and Johanson, 2011:157 [Type locality: Bolivia, Hung. Soil. Zool. Exp. II, S. Amer. No.B-B: No. 493, Alcoche (La Paz), surroundings of Hotel, el. 600 m; HNHM; ♂].

Distribution. Bolivia.

fairchildi Flint, 1992b:528 [Type locality: Panama, Comarca of San Blas, Quebrada Pingandi, 9 km N Nusagandi; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:537 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

felgorba Oláh and Flint, 2012:173 [Type locality: Ecuador, Napo Province, Pano, el. 580 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

flavicoma Flint, 1992b:529 [Type locality: Venezuela, State of Barinas, Puente Parangula, 8 km S Barinitas; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:396 [distribution].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela.

jobbra Oláh and Flint, 2012:174 [Type locality: Ecuador, Manabi Province, 29 km West Santo Domingo, Rancho Ronald; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

Genus Costatrichia Mosely [14]

Costatrichia Mosely, 1937:166 [Type species: Costatrichia lodora Mosely 1937, original designation]. —Flint, 1970:11 [revision]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1999:540 [revision; key to species].

The leucotrichiine genus Costatrichia was originally erected for a single Mexican species and now contains 14 species. Distribution is from Mexico through Central America, south to Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. Santos et al. (2016) concluded that the genus could not be unequivocally defined by morphological characters and it was not recovered as monophyletic in their phylogenetic analyses.

The immature stages are unknown. Adults have been taken, but sparsely, at lights placed near flowing water, although Costatrichia simplex has also been taken near a large lake.

bipartita Flint, 1970:12 [Type locality: Nicaragua, Chontales, Puente Quinama, near Villa Somoza; NMNH; ♂]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:4 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1999:564 [♂]. —Maes, 1999:1193 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist].

Distribution. Nicaragua.

carara Holzenthal and Harris, 1999:552 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, Reserva Bio­lógica Carara, Río del Sur, 1.5 km (rd) S Carara, 9.769°N, 84.531°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

cressae Holzenthal and Harris, 1999:555 [Type locality: Venezuela, Distrito Federal, Río Camuri Grande, 1 km S Camuri (nucleo U.S.B.), 10.616°N, 66.175°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

flinti Holzenthal and Harris, 1999:545 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Singrí, ca. 2 km (air) S Finca Helechales, 9.057°N, 83.082°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

hamulifera (Flint), 1983a:38 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Entre Rios, Rio Uruguay, Salto Grande; NMNH; ♂; in Betrichia]. —Angrisano, 1995b:505 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:30 [♂; distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:159 [distribution]. —Oláh and Flint, 2012:170 [distribution]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Souza et al., 2013b:585 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:42 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2016a:472 [to Costatrichia].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, French Guiana, Paraguay, Uruguay.

ipixuna Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2013:448 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Ipixuna, Rio Liberdade, Comunidade São Vicente, 07°21'47"S, 71°52'07"W, el. 175 m; INPA; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:43 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2016a:466 ♂ antennae, ♀].

Distribution. Brazil.

lodora Mosely, 1937:168 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Dolores; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1970:12 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:200 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:60 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1999:541 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua.

nelsonferreirai Santos and Nessimian, 2010b:838 [Type locality: Brazil, Pará, Canaã dos Carajás (Floresta Nacional – FLONA – de Carajás, lagoa Redonda, 06°21'20.7"S, 50°23'26.7"W, el. 705 m; DZRJ; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:43 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

noite Angrisano, 1995b:507 [Type locality: Uruguay, Tacuarembo, Ao. Laureles, Rincón de la Vasoura; FHCU; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1999:540, 564 [♂; distribution]. —Oláh and Flint, 2012:176 [distribution]. —Santos et al., 2013:450 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:43 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay.

panamensis Flint, 1967b:11 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Río Agua Salud; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1970:12 [♂]. —Aguila, 1992:538 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1999:568 [♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

simplex Flint, 1970:13 [Type locality: El Salvador, San Salvador, Lake Ilopango, near Apulo; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:200 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:61 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1999:545 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua.

spinifera Flint, 1970:13 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Río Agua Salud, Pipeline Road; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:538 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1999:558 [♂; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

tripartita Flint, 1970:13 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Río Aqua Salud, Pipeline Road; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:538 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1999:549 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

venezuelensis Flint, 1981a:25 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Maracay, Río Limón, Estación Piscicultura; NMNH; ♂; as subspecies of tripartita]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1999:558 [new status; diagnosis; ♂; distribution]. —Oláh and Flint, 2012:176 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Venezuela.

Genus Dicaminus Müller [1]

Dicaminus Müller, 1879a:39 [Type species: no included species, but Dicaminus replacing Diaulus gets its type species, ladislavii.]. —Ulmer, 1957:172 [references].

Diaulus Müller 1879b:142 [Type species: Diaulus ladislavii Müller 1879b, by monotypy]. —Ulmer, 1957:173 [to synonymy].

Müller (1879a) described a number of unusual larval cases with small dorsal chimneys from Brazil, under the generic name of Dicaminus, although neither a description of the larvae or a species name was given. In a subsequent paper, Müller (1879b) refers to the same cases as Diaulus ladislavii. Ulmer (1957) synonymized Diaulus with Dicaminus, which has priority. Botosaneanu and Flint (1982) examined a number of cases having two chimneys from the dorsal surface from Panama, Ecuador, Bolivia, Argentina, and Venezuela, some of which contained male metamorphotypes of species of Metrichia. As these cases match those described by Müller, Dicaminus is possibly synonymous with Metrichia or at least closely related, although such a placement is, as yet, unproven.

ladislavii Müller, 1879b:142 [Type locality: South Brazil; MNRJ; case]. —Müller, 1880a:118 [case; figures, type locality: [Brazil], Santa Catarina, Ribeirão dos Bugres, tributary of Itajahy]. —Ulmer, 1957:172 [complete references]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:44 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

Genus Flintiella Angrisano [15]

Flintiella Angrisano, 1995b:502 [Type species: Flintiella andreae Angrisano, 1995b, original designation]. —Harris et al., 2002b:66 [revision].

The genus Flintiella, placed in the Stactobiinae, was established for a species from Uruguay and Argentina. Since then, additional species have been described throughout the tropical regions of the Neotropics. Both females and larvae were described by Angrisano (1995b). They come to lights placed near small to large rivers.

alajuela Harris, Flint and Holzenthal, 2002b:66 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Rio Pizote, ca. 5 km N Dos Rios, 10.948°N, 85.291°W, el. 40 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

andreae Angrisano, 1995b:503 [Type locality: Uruguay, Artigas, Ao. de la Invernada; FHCU; ♂; ♀; larva; case]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Harris et al., 2002b:75 [♂; ♀; redescription]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:28 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; distribution]. —Souza et al., 2013b:585 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:44 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

astilla Harris, Flint and Holzenthal, 2002b:69 [Type locality: Venezuela, Amazonas, Rio Cataniapo, 10 km S Puerto Ayacucho; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:44 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela.

boraceia Harris, Flint and Holzenthal, 2002b:69 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Estacion Biologica Boracéia; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:44 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

carajas Santos, Jardim and Nessimian, 2011:813 [Type locality: Brazil, Pará, Parauapebas (Floresta Nacional de Carajás, small stream, 06°04'57"S, 50°08'05"W, el. 642 m); DZRJ; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:44 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

harma Oláh and Johanson, 2011:248 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°32.833'N, 52° 11.452'W, el. 77 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

harrisi Souza, Santos and Takiya, 2016b:341 [Type locality: Brazil, Piauí, Piracuruca, Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Riacho Piedade, Pennsylvania trap, 04°06'34"S, 41°4'39"W, el. 169 m; CZMA; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

heredia Harris, Flint and Holzenthal, 2002b:77 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Heredia, Rio Bijagual on road to Magsasay, 10.408°N, 84.076°W, el. 140 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru.

leloga Oláh and Johanson, 2011:250 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

manauara Santos and Nessimian, 2009a:65 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, tributary to Rio Branquinho, 02°31'24.6"S 60°20'05.3"W; INPA; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:45 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

pallida Souza, Santos and Takiya, 2016b:341 [Type locality: Brazil, Maranhão, Carolina, Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Cancela, Malaise trap, 07°06'43.4"S, 47°17'16.6"W, el. 186 m; CZMA; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

panamensis Harris, Flint and Holzenthal, 2002b:79 [Type locality: Panama, Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Snyder-Molino trail; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

pizotensis Harris, Flint and Holzenthal, 2002b:73 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Limon, Rio Telire and small tributaries SE Suretka, 9.554°N, 82.892°W, el. 48 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:45 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru.

tamaulipasa Harris, Flint and Holzenthal, 2002b:79 [Type locality: Mexico, Tamaulipas, Rio Frio at La Poza Azul, near Gomez Farias; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Mexico.

yanamona Harris, Flint and Holzenthal, 2002b:79 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, small stream near Explorama Lodge; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

Genus Hydroptila Dalman [72]

Hydroptila Dalman, 1819:125 [Type species: Hydroptila tineoides Dalman, 1819, by monotypy]. —Bueno-Soria, 1984a:83 [revision of Mexican and Central American species]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:16 [key to Central American species].

The genus Hydroptila (Hydroptilinae) is found around the world and contains more species than any other hydroptilid genus. Marshall (1979) divided it into 13 species groups based on distribution and structure of the male genitalia.

Larvae are well known although very few have been associated with species (Lepneva 1970, Roldán Pérez 1988, Wiggins 1996). The case consists of two silken valves covered with sand. Larvae live in both lotic and lentic waters and, according to Nielsen (1948), feed on filamentous algae.

acuminata Bueno-Soria, 1984a:88 [Type locality: Mexico, Tamaulipas, 40 km S Ciudad Victoria, Río Purificación; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Moulton and Stewart, 1997b:350 [distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:21 [distribution; biology].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

ajax Ross, 1938b:127 [Type locality: United States, Illinois, Oakwood, along Salt Fork River; INHS; ♂]. —Ross, 1944:153 [♂; ♀; larva]. —Bueno-Soria, 1984a:109 [♂; distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Bowles et al., 2007:21 [distribution; biology]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:304 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua, U.S.A.

aldricki Bueno-Soria, 1984a:108 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Cocula; BMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

ancistrion Flint, 1968a:48 [Type locality: Jamaica, Portland, Rio Grande, at Fellowship; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:15 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:83 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

angusta Ross, 1938b:130 [Type locality: United States, Illinois, Muncie, along Stony Creek; INHS; ♂]. —Ross, 1944:152 [♂; ♀; larva]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:201 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 1984a:122 [♂; distribution]. —Houghton and Stewart, 1998c:105 [biology]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:21 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

antilliarum Flint, 1968b:57 [Type locality: Dominica, Pont Casse, 1.6 mi W; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Malicky, 1983:264 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1989a:100 [♂; scent organ; distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:50 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:40 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:40 [distribution].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia.

arctia Ross, 1938b:129 [Type locality: United States, Idaho, Bear River Narrows; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 1984a:97 [♂; distribution]. —Flint et al., 2003:31 [distribution; does not occur in Hawaii, misidentification of Hydroptila potosina]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:303 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

argentinica Flint, 1983a:43 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Tucumán, S Concepción; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1995b:509 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:32 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:366 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín, 2011:6 [♂; distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:15 [checklist].—Paprocki and França, 2014:45 [checklist]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay.

bidens Flint, 1983a:45 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Jujuy, Aguas Calientes; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín, 2011:7 [♂; distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia.

brailovskyi Bueno-Soria, 1984a:122 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Chicontepec; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:34 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico.

carara Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:19 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, Reserva Biológica Carara, Quebrada Bonita, 9.775°N, 84.605°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

catamarcensis Flint, 1983a:45 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Catamarca, Arroyo El Pintado, near La Viña; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina.

constricta Bueno-Soria, 1984a:99 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, La Prusia; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1991:47 [♂ ♀ distribution]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:484 [distribution]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:34 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:356 [checklist].

Distribution. Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Peru.

coscaroni Flint, 1983a:46 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Salta, 5 km S Oran; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina.

cressae Thomson and Holzenthal, 2012:23 [Type locality: Venezuela, Bolívar, Gran Sabana, E. Pauji, “Río Curvita”, 04°31.237'N, 61°31.591'W, el. 869 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

cubana Kumanski, 1987:30 [Type locality: Cuba, Province Las Villas, the massive of Guamuaya, Rio Nabujina near El Piojillo village; NMSB; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:83 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

—pseudomeralda Botosaneanu 1979:51 [nomen nudum, attributed to Sykora]. —Kumanski, 1987:30 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Cuba.

curvata Bueno-Soria, 1984a:123 [Type locality: Honduras, El Zamorano; NMNH; ♂]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:38 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Honduras.

denza Ross, 1948a:204 [Type locality: Mexico, Tamaulipas, Hacienda Santa Engracia; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:201 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 1984a:114 [♂; distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:61 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1193 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:42 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua.

ditalea Flint, 1968a:46 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Fresh River, Ferry; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria, 1984a:119 [♂; distribution]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:484 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1995:27 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:16 [distribution].—Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:39 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:83 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:31 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru.

dominicana Botosaneanu, 1995:27 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, La Descubierta, north shore Lago Enriquillo, south from Sierra de Neiba; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:83 [checklist]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:39 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:31 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba, Dominican Republic.

felfela Oláh and Johanson, 2011:119 [Type locality: Mexico, State of Veracruz, Los Manantioles, Tlilapan, 18°47.944'N, 097°06.270'W, el. 1171 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

flinti Bueno-Soria, 1984a:107 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Turrialba; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:61 [distribution]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:38 [♂; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:5 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

florestani Souza, Santos and Takiya, 2014b:640 [Type locality: Brazil, Piauí, Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Riacho Piedade, 04°06'34"S, 41°43'39"W, el. 169 m; CZMA; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

furtiva Bueno-Soria, 1984a:104 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Puerta de Uxpanapa; IBUNAM; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

grenadensis Flint, 1968b:58 [Type locality: Grenada, 2 mi W Grand Etang; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:484 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:57 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:97 [distribution]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:27 [♂]. —Maes, 1999:1193 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:83 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:120 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

—acutissima Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:24 [Type locality: Trinidad, upper course of River Guanapo; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:202 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution; ecology]. —Flint, 1996a:97 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador, Grenada, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela.

hamata Morton, 1905:67 [Type locality: United States, New York, Ithaca; type depository unknown, CU?; ♂]. —Ross, 1944:149 [♂; ♀; larva; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:201 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 1984a:89 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Bowles et al., 2007:21 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:303 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution].

Distribution. Canada, Mexico, U.S.A.

helicina Flint, 1991:49 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Espadera, 7 km E Medellín, road to Sta. Elena; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

hoffmannae Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1996b:345 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Los Tuxtlas, Arroyo Tebanca, 15 km SE La Estación de Biología Los Tuxtlas; IBUNAM; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

hossa Oláh and Johanson, 2011:121 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., stream crossing Juan Guerra-Chazuta rd., 10 km (rd.) W Chazuta, 6°37.157'S, 76°10.905'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

icona Mosely, 1937:161 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Dolores, BMNH; ♂]. —Ross, 1944:154 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:201 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 1984a:110 [♂; distribution]. —Houghton and Stewart, 1998c: 105 [biology]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:38 [♂; distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1193 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 2003:33 [♀; distribution; introduced to Hawaii]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Bowles et al., 2007:21 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:305 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, U.S.A.

inornata Flint, 1991:47 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Espadera, 7 km E Medellín, road to Sta. Elena; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:277 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

karikatla Oláh and Johanson, 2011:123 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., creek crossing rd. Tarapoto-Yurimaguas, ca. 30 km (rd.) NE Tarapoto, 6°24.904'S, 76°18.756'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

karima Oláh and Johanson, 2011:123 [Type locality: Peru, Amazonas Prov., river crossing Olmos-Tarapoto rd., 371 km (rd.) E Olmos Desv. Jaén, 5°41.178'S, 77°46.421'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

lacandona Bueno-Soria, 1984a:118 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, 10 km from Bonampak; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

longissima Bueno-Soria, 1984a:97 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Acahuizotla; IBUNAM; ♂; as longissimus].

Distribution. Honduras, Mexico.

marighellai Souza, Santos and Takiya, 2014b:640 [Type locality: Brazil, Ceará, Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Rio das Minas próximo ao teleférico, 03°48'58"S, 40°53'53"W, el. 420 m; CZMA; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

maritza Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:21 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Maritza, Río Tempisquito, 10.958°N, 85.497°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

martorelli Flint, 1964a:52 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Maricao, at fish hatchery; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; case]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Malicky, 1983:264 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:50 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:41 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:256 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:55 [checklist].

Distribution. Guadeloupe, Puerto Rico.

maza Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:29 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, Reserva Biológica Carara, Río de Sur, 1.5 km (rd) S Carara, 9.769°N, 84.531°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

medinai Flint, 1964a:54 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Maricao, at fish hatchery; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1977:271 [♂; variation, distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:51 [distribution]. —Kumanski, 1987:30 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1991a:130 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:39 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:83 [checklist].—Flint and Sykora, 2004:31 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico.

meralda Mosely, 1937:162 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Esmeralda; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:201 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 1984a:128 [♂]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:42 [♂; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua.

mexicana Mosely, 1937:160 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Dolores; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:201 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 1984a:109 [♂; distribution]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:42 [♂; distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1193 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua.

misolha Bueno-Soria, 1984a:127 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Cascada de Misolha; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:4 [distribution]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:45 [♂; distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1193 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist].

Distribution. Belize, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua.

modica Mosely, 1937:163 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Dolores, BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:202 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 1984a:90 [♂; distribution]. —Moulton and Stewart, 1997b:350 [distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:21 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

narifer Flint, 1991:47 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada La Jiménez, Sopetrán; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

neoleonensis Bueno-Soria, 1984a:113 [Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Linares; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

nusagandia Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:29 [Type locality: Panama, San Blas, Quebrada Pingad, 9 km N Nusagandi; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

osa Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:21 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Quebrada Pita, ca 3 km (air) W Golfito, 8.642°N, 83.193°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

paradenza Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:25 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Limón, E.A.R.T.H., Río Destierra, Poza Azul, 10.208°N, 83.574°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Mexico.

parhuzam Oláh and Johanson, 2011:125 [Type locality: Peru, Pasco Reg., Yanachaga-Chemillen NP., side river to Rio Huancabamba, N end of park, along Oxabamba-Pozuzo rd., 10°11.133'S, 75°34.106'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

paschia Mosely, 1937:164 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Dolores; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:202 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 1984a:102 [♂; distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:61 [distribution]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:45 [♂; distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1193 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua.

potosina Bueno-Soria, 1984a:95 [Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosi, Palitla; NMNH; ♂]. —Moulton and Stewart, 1997b:350 [distribution]. —Flint et al., 2003:31 [♂; ♀; distribution; introduced to Hawaii]. —Bowles et al., 2007:21 [distribution; biology].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

producta Mosely, 1939a:236 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; BMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1995b:509 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:366 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:45 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Uruguay.

pulestoni Flint, 1980b:138 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Buenos Aires, Estancia Delta, near Balneario Monte Hermosa; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1982c:35 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1995b:509 [distribution]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Muzón et al., 2005: 57 [distribution]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:32 [♂; distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:126 [distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile, Uruguay.

rastrilla Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:32 [Type locality: Limón, Reserva Biológica Barbilla, Río Dantas, 15 km (rd) S Pacuarito, 9.994°N, 83.443°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

rono Ross, 1941:66 [Type locality: United States, Utah, Huntsville; INHS; ♂; ♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:202 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 1984a:93 [♂; distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

sarkos Oláh and Johanson, 2011:126 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., creek crossing rd. Tarapoto-Yurimaguas, ca. 30 km (rd.) NE Tarapoto, 6°24.904'S, 76°18.756'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

sauca Flint, 1980b:141 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Buenos Aires, Rio Sauce Grande, Sierra de la Ventana; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1982c:35 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1995b:509 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:32 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Uruguay.

selvatica Botosaneanu, 1977:269 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Baire, petit ruisseau, affluent de Rio Brazo Seco, a Matias; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:51 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:83 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

sicilicula Flint and Reyes, 1991:484 [Type locality: Peru, Dept. Lambayeque, Río Saña, Saña near ruins of Corbacho; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

singri Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:34 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Singrí, ca 2 km (air) S Finca Helechales, 9.057°N, 83.082°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

spada Flint, 1991:47 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Espadera, 7 km E Medellín, road to Sta. Elena; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

spangleri Bueno-Soria, 1984a:113 [Type locality: Guatemala, Matias de Galvez; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Guatemala.

spirula Bueno-Soria, 1984a:121 [Type locality: Mexico, Michoacán, Carácuaro; BMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

surinamensis Flint, 1974c:64 [Type locality: Suriname, Blanche Marie, falls behind camp; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

tobaga Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:27 [Type locality: Tobago, streamlet, cut by road Roxborough- Parlatuvier, near summit; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:202 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution; ecology]. —Flint, 1996a:98 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:83 [checklist].

Distribution. Tobago.

tulipa Oláh and Johanson, 2011:127 [Type locality: Peru, Dep. Lima, Pacaran, Province Canete, River Chillon Obrajillo, 12°52'05"S, 76°02'60"W, el. 877 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

unicuspis Flint, 1991:49 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada La Cebolla, El Retiro; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

vazquezae Bueno-Soria, 1984a:105 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Santa Elena, 50 km S Montebello; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

venezuelensis Flint, 1981a:29 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Maracay, Río Limón, Estacion Piscicultura; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:83 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:128 [distribution].

Distribution. Ecuador, Venezuela.

veracruzensis Flint, 1967b:13 [Type locality: Mexico, Vera Cruz, Cuitlahuac; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 1984a:116 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:202 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:24 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:97 [distribution]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1999:45 [♂; distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1193 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Viloria, 2002:106 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:5 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Trinidad, Venezuela.

zerbinae Souza, Santos and Takiya, 2014b:641 [Type locality: Brazil, Pernambuco, Vicência Cachoeira do Engenho Embú, 07°37'22"S, 35°22'51"W, el. 186 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

Genus Ithytrichia Eaton [2]

Ithytrichia Eaton, 1873:139 [Type species: Ithytrichia lamellaris Eaton, 1873, original designation]. —Ross, 1944:123 [revision North American species]. —Moulton et al., 1999:233 [distribution; review of North American species]. —Rueda Martín, 2006b:252 [distribution].

Ithytrichia is a genus of seven species placed in the Orthotrichiinae and occurring in Europe, North America, and South America. Moulton et al. (1999) provided a review and illustrated key to the three North American species, including the single species known from south of the U.S. border.

Larvae of several European and North American species are known (Nielsen 1948, Wiggins 1996). They live on the surface of rocks or on moss in lotic sites and feed on diatoms and other periphyton that they scrape off the surface (Nielsen 1948). Rueda Martín (2006b) described and illustrated Ithytrichia ferni, including adults, larvae, and pupae, and recorded the genus from South America for the first time.

ferni Rueda Martín, 2006b:252 [Type locality: Argentina, Tucumán Prov., Tafí Viejo, Río Tafí, 26°43'25"S, 64°17'26"W, el. 827 m; FML (Rueda Martín, personal com.); ♂; larva; pupa; case; biology]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

mexicana Harris and Contreras-Ramos, 1989:176 [Type locality: Mexico, Tamaulipas, Rio Frio, 6 km S Gomez Farias; NMNH; ♂]. —Moulton et al., 1999:236 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:303 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

Genus Kumanskiella Harris and Flint [2]

Kumanskiella Harris and Flint, 1992:581 [Type species: Kumanskiella karenae Harris and Flint 1992, original designation]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011: 167 [in Neotrichiini].

Kumanskiella, endemic to the Greater Antilles and belonging to the Neotrichiinae, was established for a previously described species from Cuba and an undescribed species from Puerto Rico. The genus is still only known from these species and these islands.

Larvae are typical members of the Neotrichiinae and are distinguished on the basis of case structure and thoracic setation (Harris and Flint 1992). They are found on and under rocks and boulders in small, tumbling, mountain streams. Adults were taken primarily in emergence and Malaise traps, although a few came to light.

aliena (Kumanski), 1987:24 [Type locality: Cuba, Province Las Villas, Sierra de Trinidad, road Trinidad-Topes de Collantes; NMSB; ♂; in Mayatrichia]. —Harris and Flint, 1992:587 [♂; to Kumanskiella]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:83 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

karenae Harris and Flint, 1992:582 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, El Verde Field Station, Quebrada Prieta; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; case]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:83 [checklist].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

Genus Leucotrichia Mosely [44 + †1]

Leucotrichia Mosely, 1934b:157 [Type species: Leucotrichia melleopicta Mosely, 1934b, original designation]. —Flint, 1970:3 [revision]. —Marshall, 1979:178 [revision]. —Oláh and Johanson 2011:152 [discussion of Leucotrichia genus cluster]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:7 [revision; key]. —Santos et al., 2016a:475 [assessment of monophyly].

Leucotrichia is a moderately large genus, the type genus of the subfamily Leucotrichiinae. Species are found over most of the United States, Central and northern South America, the Greater Antilles, and the southernmost Lesser Antilles. A single species is known from Dominican amber, Leucotrichia adela. The genus was recovered as monophyletic by Santos et al., (2016) after both including and removing a few enigmatic species from and to other genera. Thomson and Holzenthal (2015) revised the species taxonomy of the more broadly defined genus.

Larvae and cases have been described for a number of species (Flint 1970, Wiggins 1996). They construct flattened, oval cases with a circular opening at each end, and are tightly attached to a rock or boulder in fast flowing streams. Adults do come to light, but are most often taken from marginal foliage by net during the day. Many species have bright green patches of hairs on the forewings and body, contrasting with darker colored areas. Adult males commonly display by crawling rapidly and erratically on large riparian leaves, especially those dappled in sunlight.

† adela Wells and Wichard, 1989:42 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; NMNH; ♂; in amber]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:39 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:84 [checklist]. —Wichard, 2007a:48 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:9 [♂].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

alibrachia (Thomson), 2012:4 [Type locality: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Resende, Ribeirás do Palmital, 22°25'26.2"S, 44°44'21.6"W, el. 969 m; DZRJ; ♂; in Betrichia]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:41 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2016a:472 [to Leucotrichia]

Distribution. Brazil.

alisensis Rueda Martín, 2011:4 [Type locality: Argentina, Tucumán, Parque Nacional Campo de Los Alisos, Río de las Pavas, 27°12'39"S, 65°55'39"W, el. 1655 m; IML; ♂; morphotype; larva; pupa]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:10 [♂]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

angelinae Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:11 [Type locality: Venezuela, Mérida, Cacuta, 10 km E Tabay; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

ayura Flint, 1991:41 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, 12km NW Medellín, road to San Pedro; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:11 [♂].

Distribution. Colombia.

bicornuta Thomson, 2012:4 [Type locality: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Panedo [sic], Rio das Pedras, Três Bacias, 22°24'32.2"S, 44°33'06.5"W, el. 735 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:45 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:12 [♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

botosaneanui Flint, 1996a:86 [Type locality: Tobago, big waterfall 4km S Charlotteville, 11°19'N, 60°33'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:201 [distribution; ecology; as limpia]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:10 [larva; as limpia]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:84 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:13 [♂].

Distribution. Tobago, Trinidad.

brasiliana Sattler and Sykora, 1977:239 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas Staat, bereich des Rio Marauía, bei Tapuruquara, oberer Rio Negro; type depository unknown; ♂; larva; pupa; case]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:45 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:14 [♂ topotype].

Distribution. Brazil.

brochophora Flint, 1991:41 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Espadera, 7km E Medellín, road to Sta. Elena; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:15 [♂].

Distribution. Colombia.

chiriquiensis Flint, 1970:6 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Alto Lino above Boquete; NMNH; ♂; larva; case]. —Aguila, 1992:538 [distribution]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:16 [♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

denticulata Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:17 [Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Municipio de Santiago, Arroyo San Juan on road to Laguna de Sanchez, 3.5 km W La Cienegra, 25°24'N, 10°17'W, el. 1400 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

dianeae Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:17 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, waterfall, ca. 1 km (road) NW tunnel, 9.69°N, 83.76°W, el. 1600 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

dinamica Bueno-Soria, 2010:23 [Type locality: Mexico, D. F., Delegación Magdalena-Contreras, Parque ‘‘Los Dinamos,” el. 3091 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:18 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

extraordinaria Bueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso, and Barba-Álvarez, 2001:145 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Municipio de Huimanguillo, Arroyo las Flores, Villa de Guadalupe 2a sección Los Chimalapas, km 5 Ruta Malpasito–Carlos A. Madrazo, 17°22'05"N, 93°36'25"W; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:19 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

fairchildi Flint, 1970:10 [Type locality: Panama, Cocle, El Valle; MCZ; ♂]; 1968b:38 [♂; ♀; Grenada, but misidentified as sarita]. —Flint, 1981a:25 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1991:39 [♂; distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:538 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:201 [distribution; ecology]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:54 [Grenada, but misidentified as sarita]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:7 [larva; case]. —Flint, 1996a:86 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:84 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Viloria, 2002:106 [distribution]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:20 [♂; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

—Leucotrichiini, case 2 Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:14 [♀]. —Flint 1996a:86 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Panama, Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela.

falsa (Santos, Takiya and Nessimian), 2013:448 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, La Gamba, Esquinas Lodge, river at waterfall trail, 08°41'05"N, 83°12'17"W, el. 70 m; INBIO; ♂; ♀; in Costatrichia]. —Santos et al., 2016a:472 [to Leucotrichia].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

forrota Oláh and Johanson, 2011:160 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., Rio Huallaga tributary, small river passing Chazuta, 6°34.665'S, 76°08.209'W; NHRS; ♂]. —Oláh and Flint, 2012:176 [distribution]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:22 [♂].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru.

fulminea Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:23 [Type locality: Ecuador, Cañar, Río Chauchas, 2910m, 3 km N Zhud; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

gomezi Flint, 1970:7 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, La Palma, 12km E. El Rio; NMNH; ♂; larva; case]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:39 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:84 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:32 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:24 [♂].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

hispida Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:25 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, Río Savegre, 9°33.9'N, 83°48'W, el. 2270 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

imitator Flint, 1970:8 [Type locality: Mexico, Vera Cruz, Plan del Rio Ver, Rt. 140, km 368; NMNH; ♂; larva; case]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:200 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:61 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:26 [♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico.

inflaticornis Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:10 [Type locality: Trinidad, 2nd. order stream at “La Laja”, catchment of Rio Guanapo; ZMUA; male/; larva; case]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:201 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution; ecology]. —Flint, 1996a:89 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:84 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:27 [♂].

Distribution. Trinidad.

inops Flint, 1991:43 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, 12km E Medellín, road to Sta. Elena; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:27 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

interrupta Flint, 1991:41 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Espadera, 7km E Medellín, on road to Sta. Elena; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:28 [♂].

Distribution. Colombia.

kateae Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:29 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, 1 km E Estacíon Biológica Rancho Grande, 10.352°N, 67.680°W, el. 1100 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

laposka Oláh and Johanson, 2011:162 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., creek crossing rd. Juan Guerra-Chazuta, 14 km (rd.) E Colombia Bridge, 6°35.594'S, 76°13.172'W; NHRS; ♂]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:30 [♂].

Distribution. Peru.

lerma Angrisano and Burgos, 2002:106 [Type locality: Argentina, Salta, río Lesser, 18 km NW Salta; IML; ♂]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:196 [larva; pupa; case; distribution]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:31 [♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

limpia Ross, 1944:273 [Type locality: United States, Texas, Fort Davis, Limpia Creek; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1970:6 [♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:200 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:61 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:86 [correction of errors in 1970 paper]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:21 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:31 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, U.S.A.

melleopicta Mosely, 1934b:157 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Teapa; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1970:5 [♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:200 [distribution]. —Flint, 1981a:25 [♂; distribution]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:9 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico, Venezuela.

mutica Flint, 1991:39 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Honda, Marsella, 12km SW Fredonia; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:32 [♂].

Distribution. Colombia.

padera Flint, 1991:41 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Espadera, 7km E Medellín, road to Sta. Elena; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:33 [♂].

Distribution. Colombia.

pectinata Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:34 [Type locality: Ecuador, Tungurahua, 13 km E Baños, el. 1550 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

pictipes (Banks), 1911:359 [Type locality: United States, New York, Johnstown, Hales Creek; MCZ; male; in Orthotrichia; ♂]. —Ross, 1938:10 [as Stactobia pictipes (Banks)]. —Ross, 1944:120 [to Leucotrichia]. —Nielsen, 1948:11 [misidentified as Ithytrichia confusa Morton]. —Flint, 1970:10 [♂; distribu­tion]. —McAuliffe, 1982:1557 [biology, life history]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:332 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:35 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

repanda Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:37 [Type locality: Venezuela, Sucre, Península de Paria, Santa Isabel, Río Sta. Isabel, 10°44.294'N, 62°38.954'W, el. 20 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

rhomba Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:38 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Jaba at rock quarry, 1.4 km (air) W Las Cruces, 8.79°N, 82.97°W, el. 1150 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

riostoumae Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:39 [Type locality: Ecuador, Imbabura, Reserva los Cedros, Río de la Plata, 00.32495°N, 78.78084°W, el. 1587 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

sarita Ross, 1944:274 [Type locality: United States, Texas, Balmorhea, along stone irrigation flume; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:38 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; distribution]. —Flint, 1970:9 [/male; larva; case; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:200 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:61 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:54 [distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:21 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:40 [♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, U.S.A.

sidneyi Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:42 [Type locality: Venezuela, T. F. A., Camp IV, 0°58'N, 65°57'W, Cerro d. l. Neblina, el. 760 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

tapantia Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:42 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, waterfall, ca. 1 km (road) NW tunnel, 9.69°N, 83.76°W, el. 1600 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

termitiformis Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:13 [Type locality: Trinidad, stream below Maracas waterfall; ZMUA; ♂; larva]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:201 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution; ecology]. —Flint, 1996a:89 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:84 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:43 [♂].

Distribution. Trinidad.

tritoven Flint, 1996a:89 [Type locality: Trinidad, streamlet, Lalaja Road, 10°43'N, 61°17'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:84 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:44 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Guyana, Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela.

tubifex Flint, 1964a:44 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Maricao, at fish hatchery; NMNH; ♂; /female; larva; pupa; case]. —Flint, 1968a:33 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; distribution]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Flint, 1970:7 [/male; larva; case; distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1991a:116 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1995:22 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Bolland, 1997:71 [parasitized by mite, genus Leptus]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:7 [distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:39 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:84 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:32 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:45 [♂].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico.

viridis Flint, 1967b:10 [Type locality: Guatemala, Izabal, Las Escobas near Matias de Galvez; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1970:5 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:201 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:538 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:46 [♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:6 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama.

yungarum Angrisano and Burgos, 2002:105 [Type locality: Argentina, Salta, Finca, Jakúlika, 22°41'01"S, 64°30'40"W, el. 630 m; IML; ♂]. —Thomson, 2012:2 [checklist]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2015:47 [♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

zopilote (Holzenthal and Harris), 1999:561 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja, Guebrada Zopilote, 10.765°N, 85.309°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in Costatrichia]. —Santos et al., 2016a:472 [to Leucotrichia].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

Genus Mayatrichia Mosely [4]

Mayatrichia Mosely, 1937:182 [Type species: Mayatrichia ayama Mosely, 1937, original designation]. —Ross, 1944:160, 278 [revision]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1990:453 [revision, key].

This genus of neotrichiine hydroptilids is widespread across North and Central America. Three of the seven known species occur in the Neotropics, with one reaching as far south as Ecuador. Larvae and their cases were first described by Ross (1944) and have been redescribed since (Wiggins 1996). They are recognized easily by their silken cases with reinforced ridges. They are found in rapidly flowing reaches of rivers and streams. Adults are frequently taken at light at night.

ayama Mosely, 1937:182 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Cocula; BMNH; ♂]. —Ross, 1944:160, 279 [♂; /female; larva; case; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:202 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:61 [distribution]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1990:458 [♀; distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1194 [checklist]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:305 [biology]. —Bowles et al., 2007:21 [distribution; biology]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Flint, 2011:104 [checklist].

Distribution. Canada, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, U.S.A.

illobia Harris and Holzenthal, 1990:456 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Guineal, ca. 1 km (air) E Finca Helechales, 9.076°N, 83.092°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador.

rualda Mosely, 1937:183 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Barranca Honda; BMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:202 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:62 [distribution]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1990:456, 459 [♀; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua.

tuscaloosa Harris and Sykora, 1996:23 [Type locality: U.S.A., Tuscaloosa County, Big Sandy Creek at 4.5 mi south of Coaling on an unnumbered county road; NMNH; ♂]. —Harris and Flint, 2016:7 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

Genus Mejicanotrichia Harris and Holzenthal [7]

Mejicanotrichia Harris and Holzenthal, 1997:129 [Type species: Alisotrichia blantoni Flint, 1970, original designation]. —Santos et al., 2016a:471 [phylogenetic placement].

This genus was established for a distinctive segregate of species from the polytypic genus Alisotrichia, originally noted by Harris and Holzenthal (1993). They were confirmed to be members of Leucotrichiinae, Alisotrichiini by Santos et al. (2016). Adults are generally day active and are found on the vegetation and substrate along waterfalls, cascades, and turbulent streams. The very distinctive larva was illustrated and described by Wiggins (1996) in the genus Alisotrichia (Bowles et al. 1999). They occur on the surfaces of rocks and do not build a case, although just prior to pupation the larva constructs a simple, silken enclosure; this free-living behavior is typical of other members of the Alisotrichiini (Santos et al. 2016).

blantoni (Flint), 1970:28 [Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosi, Rancho Quemado, 3.5 mi S Tamazunchale; NMNH; ♂; in Alisotrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:200 [distribution]. —Harris and Holzenthal 1997:131 [♂; ♀; redescription; to Mejicanotrichia]. —Bowles et al., 1999:46 [larva].

Distribution. Mexico.

estaquillosa Harris and Holzenthal, 1997:135 [Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Mpio. de Santiago, Cola de Caballo below falls, 3 km SW Cienquilla; NMNH; ♂; ♀;]. —Bowles et al., 1999:47 [larva].

—Alisotrichia species Wiggins, 1996:80 [larva]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1997:136 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Mexico.

harrisi Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 1999a:118 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Municipio de Taxco, Teusisapan, Río Temascalapa, 18°25.083'N, 99°41.490'W; IBUNAM; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

rara Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 1999a:118 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Municipio de Taxco, Teusisapan, Río Temascalapa, 18°25.083'N, 99°41.490'W; IBUNAM; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

tamaza (Flint), 1970:28 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Tamazulapan; NMNH; ♂; in Alisotrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:200 [distribution]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1997:133 [♂; ♀; redescription; to Mejicanotrichia].

Distribution. Mexico.

tridentata (Bueno-Soria and Hamilton), 1986:301 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, tributario del Rio Teapa, 3 km N Ixhuatan; NMNH; ♂; in Alisotrichia]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1997:134 [♂; ♀; redescription; to Mejicanotrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

trifida (Flint), 1970:29. [Type locality: Guatemala, Izabal, Las Escobas near Matias de Galvez; NMNH; ♂; in Alisotrichia]. —Harris and Holzenthal, 1997:134 [♂; redescription; to Mejicanotrichia].

Distribution. Guatemala.

Genus Metrichia Ross [129]

Metrichia Ross, 1938a:9 [Type species: Orthotrichia nigritta Banks, 1907b, original designation]. —Flint, 1968a:48 [to status of subgenus in Ochrotrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:204 [as subgenus of Ochrotrichia; catalog; distribution]. —Wiggins, 1996:92 [returned to full generic status]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1998:489 [checklist; bibliography]. —Bueno-Soria, 2002:224 [revision; Mexican species]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2005:114 [Argentinian species; key]. —Santos et al., 2016b:1 [new species; integrative taxonomy].

Argentitrichia Jacquemart, 1963:339 [Type species: Argentitrichia bulbosa Jacquemart, 1963, by monotypy]. —Marshall, 1979:186 [to synonymy].

The genus Metrichia, placed in the Ochrotrichiinae, is among the most species diverse genera in the Hydroptilidae and also among all Neotropical caddisflies. A few species are known from the southwestern United States, but many more are recorded from Central and South America, and both the Greater and Lesser Antilles.

Larvae have been described for a number of species (Edwards and Arnold 1961, Flint 1964a, Wiggins 1996, Angrisano and Sganga 2005). They are found in streams and spring runs, often in tangles of filamentous algae (Wiggins 1996). They generally construct a purse shaped case of silk and plant fragments, but often add two “chimneys” to the dorsal margin (Botosaneanu and Flint 1982, Angrisano and Sganga 2005).

aberrans (Flint), 1972a:14 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Fortin de las Flores; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:204 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2002:240 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

acicula Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:175 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Río Mena, 4.2km W Santa Cecilia, 11.059°N, 85.448°W, el. 260 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

acuminata Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:8 [Type locality: Brazil, Ceará, Ubajara, Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Cachoeira do Gameleira, 03°50'21"S, 40°54'23"W, el. 880 m; CZMA; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

adamsae Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1998:493 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Pakitza, 12°7'S, 70°58'W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru

alajuela Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:177 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tributaries, 10.216°N, 84.607°W, el. 980 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

alhoma Oláh and Johanson, 2011:204 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., La Catarata de Ahuashiyascu, 6°27.544'S, 76°18.192'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

amplitudinis Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:177 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, Río Grande de Orosí, 9.686°N, 83.756°W, el. 1650 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

ancora Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:177 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Río Góngora (Sulfur mine), 4 km (air) NE Quebrada Grande, 10.887°N, 85.470°W, el. 590 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

angulosa Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:179 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Cotón in Las Alturas, 8.938°N, 82.826°W, el. 1360 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

anisoscola (Flint), 1991:58 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada La Ayura, Envigado (trap B); NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

araguensis (Flint), 1981a:29 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Dos Riitos, 6km N Rancho Grande; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)].

Distribution. Venezuela.

arenifera (Flint), 1980a:214 [Type locality: Peru, Dept. del Cuzco, Rio Vilcanota above P’Isaq; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)].

Distribution. Peru.

argentinica Schmid, 1958b:195 [Type locality: Argentina, Siambon, Tucuman; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [as Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria 1998:490 [as Metrichia]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sanga, 2005:116 [larva; distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile, Peru.

arizonensis (Flint), 1972:12 [Type locality: U.S.A., Arizona, Santa Cruz Co., Sycamore Canyon, Atascosa Mts.; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

avon (Bueno-Soria), 1983a:82 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Cascada de Misolha, 20km SE Palenque; IBUNAM; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Bueno-Soria, 2002:240 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:196 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico.

azul Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:13 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Céu Azul, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Rio Azul, 25°09;21"S, 53°47;44"W, el. 510 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

bidentata (Flint), 1983a:41 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Neuquen, 13km E Quila Quina; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria 1998:490 [as Metrichia]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sanga, 2005:116 [larva; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

biungulata (Flint), 1972a:13 [Type locality: Panama, Cerro Campana; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Aguila, 1992:539 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 2002:252 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:196 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

bola (Flint), 1991:58 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada La Cebolla, El Retiro (trap A); NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

bonita Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:15 [Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito, Rio Formosinho, 21°1'16"S, 56°26'47"W, el. 275 m; DZRJ; ♂; larva; biology].

Distribution. Brazil.

bostrychion Thomson and Holzenthal, 2012:23 [Type locality: Venezuela, Monagas, Guachero Cave National Park at La Paila waterfall, 10°10.322'N, 63°33.315'W, el. 1110 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

bracui Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:19 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis, Rio Bracuí, 23°0'23"S, 44°29'15"W, el. 75 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

brevitas Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 2002:252 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Guadalupe, Arriba 8°52'26"N, 82°33'13"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

bulbosa (Jacquemart), 1963:339 [Type locality: Argentina, [San Juan], Rio Sasso; IRSNB; ♂; in Argentitrichia]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sanga, 2005:117 [♀; larva; distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

cafetalera Botosaneanu, 1980:110 [Type locality: Cuba, Prov. Las Villas, Cafetal Gavina, La Sierrita; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:49 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1995:26 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:40 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:84 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:32 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba, Dominican Republic.

campana (Flint), 1968b:62 [Type locality: Dominica, Dleau Gommier; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:50 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:84 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:55 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe.

caraca Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:20 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Catas Altas, RPPN Santuário do Caraça, Ribeirão, Caraça; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

carbetina (Botosaneanu), 1994a:38 [Type locality: Guadeloupe, Chute du Carbet, 580m; ZMUA; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:84 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:40 [distribution].

Distribution. Guadeloupe, Martinique.

ceer (Flint), 1992c:387 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, El Verde Field Station, Quebrada Prieta; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:84 [checklist].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

circulatrix Bueno-Soria, 2002:224 [Type locality: Tabasco, Municipio de Huimanguillo, Arroyo las Flores, Villa de Guadalupe, 2a sección Los Chimalapas, km 5+920, Ruta Malpasito-Carlos A. Madrazo, 17°22'05"N, 93°36'25"W; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

circuliforme Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b: 22 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, Rio das Pedras, Cachoeira de Deus,. 22°25'0” S, 44°32'50"W, el. 689 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

continentalis (Flint), 1972a:14 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Aguila, 1992:539 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 2002:252 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

crenula Bueno-Soria, 2002:227 [Type locality: Mexico, Morelos, Huautla Estación CEAMISH, 2.5 km N 4 km W, 18°27'.871N, 99°02'.475W, el. 940 m; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

cuenca (Harper and Turcotte), 1985:139 [Type locality: Ecuador, small stream outlet of Laguna Verde Cocha, near junction with Rio Matadero, Chirimachay, Quinuas Valley; UMQ; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)].

Distribution. Ecuador.

cuniapiru Angrisano, in Angrisano and Sanga 2005:114 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, Cuñá Pirú Provincial Park, Cuñá Pirú Stream; UNLP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Argentina.

curta Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:24 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, Rio das Pedras, 22°24'33"S, 44°33'08"W, el. 706 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

cuspidata (Flint), 1991:57 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, 10 km E Medellin, road to Las Palmas; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:205 [distribution].

Distribution. Colombia, Mexico.

decora Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:179 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Heredia, Río Sarapiquí, 7 km W Puerto Viejo, 10.452°N, 84.067°W, el. 50 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

difusa Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 2002:246 [Type locality: Panama, Barro Colorado, Island Snyder Molino Makers 3; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

diosa Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1998:491 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Pakitza, 12°7'S, 70°58'W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

disparilis (Flint), 1983a:41 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Tucuman, Rt. 307, 33.7km W Acheral; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sanga, 2005:119 [larva; distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

eltera Oláh and Johanson, 2011:205 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

enigmatica Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 2002:249 [Type locality: Panama, San Blas, Río Carti Grande, 2 km W Nusagandi; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

espera Botosaneanu, 1977:265 [Type locality: Cuba, Pinar del Rio, Soroa, Rio Manantiales; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:49 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1980:111 [♀]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:84 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

excisa (Kumanski), 1987:20 [Type locality: Cuba, Province Las Villas, Sierra de Trinidad, small torrent on road Trinidad—Topes de Colantes; NMSB; ♂; ♀; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:84 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

exclamationis (Flint), 1968b:64 [Type locality: Dominica, Clarke Hall, cocoa trail; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:50 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:38 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:84 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:55 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe.

extragma Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 1999b:30 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Taxco, Totoapan, río Temascalapa, 8 km NW Ahuehuepan, Rd. 51, 18°22.70'N, 99°39.77'W, el. 900 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2002:240 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

farofa Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:24 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Jaboticatubas, Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó, Cachoeira da Farofa, 19°22'47"S, 43°34'36"W, el. 811 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

favus (Botosaneanu), in Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:18 [Type locality: Trinidad, two 1st order streams, La Laja catchment of Rio Guanapo; ZMUA; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:202 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution; ecology]. —Flint, 1996a:96 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:84 [checklist].

Distribution. Trinidad.

florecita Bueno-Soria, 2002:228 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Municipio de Huimanguillo Ejido, Villa de Guadalupe, 1a sección, Cascada Cerro de Las Flores, 17°21'39"N, 93°37'29"W, Rta. Malpasito-Carlos A. Madrazo; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

fontismoreaui (Botosaneanu), 1991a:125 [Type locality: Haiti, Departement du Sud, pres de Camp Perrin, Resurgence du Moreau; ZMUA; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Botosaneanu, 1995:27 [♀; distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:40 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:32 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Haiti.

forceps Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:27 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Céu Azul, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Rio Azul, 25°09'21"S, 53°47'44"W, el. 510 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

formosinha Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:28 [Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito, Rio Formosinho, 21°10'16"S, 56'26”47"W, el. 275 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

fugga Oláh and Johanson, 2011:207 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., La Catarata de Ahuashiyascu, 6°27.544'S, 76°18.192'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

geminata (Flint), 1996a:96 [Type locality: Trinidad, streamlet, Lalaja Rd., 520m, 10°43'N, 61°17'W; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist].

Distribution. Tobago, Trinidad.

goiana Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:30 [Type locality: Brazil, Goiás, Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Rio Bartolomeu tributary, 14°07'25"S, 47°30'30"W, el. 1,165 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

gomboska Oláh and Johanson, 2011:208 [Type locality: Peru, Huanuco, Tomayquichua Distr. River Tomayquichua, humid subtropical forest 10°04'27"S, 76°12'36'W, el. 2041 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

gordita Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:183 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Singri, ca. 2 km (air) S Finca Helechales, 9.057°N, 83.082°W, el. 720 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

haranga Oláh and Johanson, 2011:210 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., La Catarata de Ahuashiyascu, 6°27.544'S, 76°18.192'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

helenae Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1998:495 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Pakitza, 12°7'S, 70°58'W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

itabaiana Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:32 [Type locality: Brazil, Sergipe, Areia Branca, Parque Nacional da Serra de Itabaiana, Rio dos Negros, 10°44'51"S, 37°20'24"W, el. 208 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

jorobada Bueno-Soria, 2002:228 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Municipio de Huimanguillo, Arroyo las Flores, Villa de Guadalupe, 2a sección Los Chimalapas, km 5+920, Ruta Malpasito-Carlos A. Madrazo, 17°22'05"N, 93°36'25"W; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

juana (Flint), 1964a:60 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Toro Negro Forest, Dona Juana Creek; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; in Ochrotrichia]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

kocka Oláh and Johanson, 2011:211 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., La Catarata de Ahuashiyascu, 6°27.544'S, 76°18.192'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

kumanskii jamaicae Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:13 [Type locality: Jamaica, Buff Bay River in Green Hill at “Regale”, Blue Mountains, Portland; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

kumanskii kumanskii (Botosaneanu), 1991a:128 [Type locality: Haiti, Departement de l’ Quest, Ville Bonheur, Le Saut d’Eau; ZMUA; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:40 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:33 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Haiti.

lacuna (Bueno-Soria), 1983a:79 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Cascada de Misolha, 20km SE Palenque; IBUNAM; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Bueno-Soria, 2002:240 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

lemniscata (Flint), 1972a:14 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, David, Rovira; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Aguila, 1992:539 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 2002:252 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:196 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

lenophora (Flint), 1991:54 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, 10km E. Medellin, road to Guarne; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

longispina Flint and Sykora, 2004:33 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, [La Vega Province], Convento, 12 km S Constanza; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

longissima Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:34 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, Rio Palmital, 22°25'34"S, 44°32'52"W, el. 637 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

longitudinis Bueno-Soria, 2002:231 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Municipio de Huimanguillo Ejido Villa de Guadalupe, 1a sección, Cascada Cerro de Las Flores, 17°21'39"N, 93°37'29"W, Rta. Malpasito-Carlos A. Madrazo; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

luna Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:183 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tribs., 10.216°N, 84.607°W, el. 980 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

macrophallata (Flint), 1991:57 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Honda, Marsella, 12km SW Fredonia; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

madicola (Botosaneanu), 1994a:39 [Type locality: Guadeloupe, Chute du Carpet, 580m; ZMUA; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:40 [distribution].

Distribution. Guadeloupe, Martinique.

madre Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1998:493 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Pakitza, 12°7'S, 70°58'W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru

magna Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:185 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, roadside seep, route 2, just W km 234, 8.976°N, 83.299°W, el. 100 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

malada (Flint), 1991:55 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Agua Mala, 34km NW Medellin, road to San Jeronimo; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:487 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Peru.

mechuda Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:185 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, Río Savegra, ca. San Gerardo de Dota, 9.33°N, 83.48°W, el. 2200 m; CMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

meta Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:185 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja, Quebrada Zopilote, 10.765°N, 85.309°W, el. 785 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

minera Bueno-Soria, 2002:231 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Las Minas; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

munieca Botosaneanu, 1977:264 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Gran Piedra, Arroyos de la Idalia; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:49 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

necopina Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:40 [Type locality: Martinique, Riv Lezarde au départ de la route forestiere de Palourde, el. 250 m; ZMUA; ♂].

Distribution. Martinique.

neotropicalis Schmid, 1958b:195 [Type locality: Argentina, Siamba, Tucuman; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1967a:56 [distribution; misidentified as argentinica]. —Flint, 1974e:88 [checklist]. —Flint, 1980a:216 [correction of switched captions in Schmid, 1958b]. —Flint, 1990:118 [distribution]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sanga, 2005:117 [♀; larva; pupa; distribution]. —Muzón et al., 2005: 57 [distribution]. —Miserendino and Brand, 2007:312 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:35 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011b:143 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile, Peru.

nigritta (Banks), 1907b:163 [Type locality: United States, Texas, Austin; MCZ; ♂; in Orthotrichia]. —Ross, 1938a:9 [type species of Metrichia; lectotype; ♂]. —Edwards and Arnold, 1961:411 [larva]. —Flint, 1968:48 [to subgenus; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Flint, 1972a:12 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:204 [distribution]. —Wiggins, 1996:92 [larva]. —Bueno-Soria, 2002:240 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 2002:252 [distribution]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [biology]. —Bowles et al., 2007:22 [distribution; biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:212 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. El Salvador, Mexico, Panama, U.S.A.

nowaczyki Harris and Armitage, 2015:8 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Quebrada Grande, Boquete, Valle Escondido, below Sabor Restaurant, 8.77970°N, 82.44016°W, el. 1122 m; MIUP; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

pakitza Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1998:491 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Pakitza, 12°7'S, 70°58'W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru

palida Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 2002:249 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Guadalupe, Arriba 8°52'26"N, 82°33'13"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

patagonica (Flint), 1983a:41 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Rio Negro, 5 km 5 Rio Villegas; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sanga, 2005:121 [♀; larva; case; distribution]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:35 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011b:143 [biology]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:212 [distribution]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile, Peru.

peluda Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:35 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, 1st order tributary of Rio Palmital, 22°25'40"S, 44°32'46"W, el. 584 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

penicillata (Flint), 1972a:13 [Type locality: Guatemala, Escuintla, Grutas de San Pedro Martir; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Bueno-Soria, 2002:240 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 2002:253 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:196 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama.

pernambucana Souza and Santos, in Souza, et al.,, 2013b:584 [Type locality: Brazil, Pernambuco State, Tamandaré, Reserva Biológica de Saltinho, Riacho Mamucabas, 35°11'14.0"W, 08°43'21.6"S; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:46 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

picuda Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:187 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tribs., 10.216°N, 84.607°W, el. 980 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

pitu Angrisano and Sganga, 2009:60 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, Departamento de Cainguás, Parque Provincial Salto Encantado; MACN; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

platigona (Botosaneanu), in Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:18 [Type locality: Tobago, Argyll River below Argyll waterfall; ZMUA; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:202 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution; ecology]. —Flint, 1996a:95 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist].

Distribution. Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela.

potosina Bueno-Soria, 2002:232 [Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosí, La Cascada del Tamasopo; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

prolata Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:187 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tribs., 10.216°N, 84.607°W, el. 980 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

prolixa Bueno-Soria, 2002:233 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Mpio. Huimanguillo, Villa de Guadalupe, 2a sección los Chimalapas, km 5.92, Rta. Malpasito-Carlos A. Madraz, 17°22'05"N, 93°36'25"W, el. 335 m; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

protrudens (Flint), 1991:57 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, 12km N Fredonia, road to Medellin; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

pseudopatagonica Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:187 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Limón, E.A.R.T.H., forest reserve arroyo, 7.5 km (air) NW Pocora, 10.23°N, 83.56°W, el. 10 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 2002:253 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); as seudopatagonica; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:195 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

quadrata (Flint), 1972a:14 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Rio Jamapa, north of Coscomatepec; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:204 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2002:241 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:196 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico.

rafaeli Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:37 [Type locality: Brazil, Ceará, Ubajara, Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Rio das Minas, 03°50'03"S, 40°54'18"W, el. 524; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

rawlinsi (Flint and Sykora), 1993:58 [Type locality: Dominica, Parish St. Paul, Springfield Estate; CMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:42 [distribution].

Distribution. Dominica, Martinique.

riva (Bueno-Soria), 1983a:79 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Cascada de Misolha, 20 km SE Palenque; IBUNAM; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Bueno-Soria, 2002:241 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:196 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico.

rona (Flint), 1991:55 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, 7km E. San Jerónimo; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

sacculifera (Flint), 1991:55 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Honda, Marsella, 12km SW Fredonia; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

savegra Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:191 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, Río Savegra, ca. San Gerardo de Dota 9.33°N, 83.48°W, el. 2200 m; CMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

sencilla Harris and Armitage, 2015:8 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Quebrada Grande, Boquete, Valle Escondido, below Sabor Restaurant, 8.77970°N, 82.44016°W, el. 1122 m; MIUP; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

separata Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:191 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Agrio, ca. 3.5 km NE Bajos del Toro, 10.243°N, 84.279°W, el. 1290 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

sesquipedalis Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:191 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San Jose, Río Savegra ca. San Gerardo de Dota 9.33°N, 83.48°W, el. 200 m; CMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 2002:253 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

similis (Flint), 1968b:62 [Type locality: Dominica, Boiling Lake; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:50 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:55 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe.

simples Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:38 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Céu Azul, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Rio Azul, 25°09'21"S, 53°47'44"W, el. 510 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

sonora Bueno-Soria, 2002:236 [Type locality: Mexico, Sonora, Cajón Bonito, 38 miles E de A. P. Waters Falls; CAS; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

spica Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:195 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tribs., 10.216°N, 84.607°W, el. 980 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

squamigera (Flint), 1992c:385 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, El Verde Field Station, Quebrada Prieta; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:33 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico.

talhada Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:40 [Type locality: Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Reserva Biológica de Pedra Talhada, Rio Caranguejo, 09°15'26"S, 36°25'08"W, el. 550 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

temascalapensis Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 1999b:30 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Taxco, Teucisapan, Río Temascalapa, 12 km NW Ahuehuepan, Rd. 51, 18°25.56'N, 99°42.5’ W, el. 1052 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2002:241 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

tere Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:42 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Teresópolis, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Rio Paquequer, 22°27'25"S, 42°59'52"W, el. 1,100 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

thirysae Jacquemart, 1980a:303 [Type locality: Chile, Arica, Vallee d’Azapa, Quebrada Azapa; IRSNB; ♂]. —Flint, 1990:117 [redescription; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

triangula Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 2002:246 [Type locality: Panama, Barro Colorado; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

trigonella (Flint) 1972a:13 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Fortin de las Flores; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:204 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2002:241 [checklist].

Distribution. Honduras, Mexico.

triquetra Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:195 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, Río Savegra, ca. San Gerardo de Dota, 9.33°N, 83.48°W, el. 2200 m; CMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 2002:253 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

trispinosa (Bueno-Soria), 1977:142 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Eyipantla; IBUNAM; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Bueno-Soria, 2002:241 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

truncata Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2003:195 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Pizote, ca. 5 km (air) S Brasilia, 10.972°N, 84.345°W, el. 390 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 2002:253 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

ubajara Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:43 [Type locality: Brazil, Ceará, Ubajara, Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Rio das Minas, 03°49'58"S, 40°53'53"W, el. 420 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

vulgaris Santos, Takiya and Nessimian, 2016b:45 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, Rio Palmital, 22°25'34"S, 44°32'52"W, el. 637 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

warema (Flint), 1974c:61 [Type locality: Suriname, Litani River, Waremapan Rapids; RNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)].

Distribution. Suriname.

yalla (Flint), 1968a:50 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Chestervale, Yallahs River; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

yavesia Bueno-Soria, 2002:239 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Santa María de Yavesia (Planta embotelladora de agua), 17°13'36"N, 96°25'35"W, el. 1930 m; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

Genus Neotrichia Morton [144]

Cyllene Chambers, 1873:124 [Type species: Cyllene minutisimella Chambers, 1873, by monotypy. Preoccupied several times, vide Fischer, 1961].

Neotrichia Morton, 1905:72 [Type species: Neotrichia collata Morton, 1905, by monotypy]. ­­—Keth et al., 2015:5 [revision North American and Caribbean species, key].

Microsiphon Müller, 1921:525 [Type species: no species ever included. Preoccupied by Del Guercio, 1907]. —Flint et al., 1999a:77 [to synonymy].

Exitrichia Mosely, 1937:170 [Type species: Exitrichia anahua Mosely, 1937, original designation]. —Ross, 1944:154 [to synonymy].

Dolotrichia Mosely, 1937:177 [Type species: Dolotrichia canixa Mosely, 1937, original designation]. —Ross, 1944:154 [to synonymy].

Guerrotrichia Mosely, 1937:179 [Type species: Guerrotrichia caxima Mosely, 1937, original designation]. —Ross, 1944:154 [to synonymy].

Lorotrichia Mosely, 1937:181 [Type species: Lorotrichia hiaspa Mosely, 1937, original designation]. —Ross, 1944:154 [to synonymy].

Neotrichia of the Neotrichiinae is second only to Ochrotrichia in numbers of species among the Neotropical hydroptilids. In addition to being diverse in species, the genus is widely distributed across North, Central, and South America, and the West Indies. Marshall (1979) divided Neotrichia into six species groups, roughly corresponding to the genera erected by Mosely (1937), and later synonymized by Ross (1944). In recent years, the number of described Neotrichia has increased rapidly, making the species groupings of Marshall less clearly defined. Keth et al. (2015) provided a recent revision of the North American and Caribbean species, and divided this fauna into six species groups. It is likely that some of the species described or recorded only from Arizona, Texas and other southwestern USA states will also be discovered in adjacent northern Mexico.

Larvae were first described by Ross (1944), but few other larvae of the many described species have been associated (Botosaneanu 1994b, Flint 1964a, Wiggins 1996). Those that are known construct short, tapered cases of small sand grains. They live in rapidly flowing streams and rivers on and under rocks and boulders. Adults are commonly taken in large numbers at light.

abbreviata Flint, 1983a:48 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1995b:511 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:46 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Uruguay

abbreviatoides Angrisano, 1995b:513 [Type locality: Uruguay, Artigas, Ao. de la Invernada; FHCU; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist].

Distribution. Uruguay.

aequispina Angrisano, 1995b:515 [Type locality: Uruguay, Tacuarembo, Tbo. Chico; FHCU; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Keth, 2004:172 [♂].

Distribution. Uruguay.

alata Flint, 1968a:37 [Type locality: Jamaica, Portland, Rio Grande at Fellowship; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:51 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Keth et al., 2015:56 [♂].

Distribution. Cuba, Jamaica.

alsa Oláh and Johanson, 2011:169 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., Rio Negro, 37 km (rd.) W Moyobamba, near Olmos-Tarapoto rd., 6°00.278'S, 77°15.437'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

alyshae Keth, in Keth, Harris and Armitage, 2015:57 [Type locality: Mexico, Sonora, Rio Aros at Arroyo El Pavo; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

amplector Keth, 2004:165 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Teapa, Grutas de Colona, Rio Puyacatengo; NMNH; ♂]. —Keth et al., 2015:58 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

amplio Keth, 2004:164 [Type locality: Belize, Orange Walk District. New River Lagoon, dock area at Lamanai Ruins; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Belize.

anahua (Mosely), 1937:170 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Dolores; BMNH; ♂; in Exitrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:202 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist]. —Keth et al., 2015:59 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

angulata Flint, 1983a:48 [Type locality: Uruguay, Dpto. Artigas, Arroyo de la Invernada; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1995b:511 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist].

Distribution. Uruguay.

arista Harris, 1990:251 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Río Cataniapo, 10 km S Puerto Ayacucho; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

armata Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:20 [Type locality: Tobago, Argyll River below Argyll waterfall; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:202 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution; ecology]. —Flint, 1996a:100 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist]. —Keth et al., 2015:95 [♂].

—species B Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:23 [♀]. —Flint, 1996a:100 [distribution; to synonymy].

Distribution. Tobago, Trinidad.

baritu Angrisano, 1984:4 [Type locality: Argentina, Salta, Parque Nacional Baritú; MACN; ♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

bellini Santos and Nessimian, 2009d:760 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Preto da Eva, (tributary to Rio Preto da Eva, 02°36'45.5"S, 59°43'59.1"W); INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:46 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

bifida Flint, 1974c:77 [Type locality: Suriname, Lawa River, Anapaike; RNH; ♂]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:170 [distribution].

Distribution. French Guiana, Suriname.

bifurcata Harris, in Flint and Sykora, 2004:34 Type locality: Dominican Republic, Peder­nales Province, Rio Mulito, 13 km N Pedernales, 18°09'N, 71°46'W, el. 230 m; CMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist]. —Keth et al., 2015:104 [♂].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

bika Oláh and Johanson, 2011:170 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m ; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

biuncifera Flint, 1974c:72 [Type locality: Suriname, Käyser Airstrip; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

botka Oláh and Johanson, 2011:172 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

botonia Harris, 1990:254 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, San Carlos de Río Negro; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

brevispina Flint, 1983a:51 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Arroyo Coatí, 13km E San José; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1995b:511 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:38 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Uruguay.

browni Harris 1990:248 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, San Carlos de Río Negro; NMNH; ♂]. —Santos and Nessimian, 2009d:766 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:46 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Venezuela.

buenoi Harris and Flint, 2016:2 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Las Tuxtlas, Rio Palma above La Palma; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

bullata Flint, 1974c:71 [Type locality: Suriname, Käyser Airstrip; RNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1995b:511 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:173 [distribution].

Distribution. French Guiana, Suriname, Uruguay.

cameria (Mosely), 1937:180 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Cocula; BMNH; ♂; in Guerrotrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:202 [distribution]. —Keth et al., 2015:42 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

canixa (Mosely), 1937:177 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Dolores; BMNH; ♂; in Dolotrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:202 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:5 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Keth et al., 2015:26 [♂]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, Panama, U.S.A.

caxima (Mosely), 1937:179 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Cocula; BMNH; ♂; in Guerrotrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:202 [distribution]. —Keth et al., 2015:43 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

cayada Harris, in Harris and Davenport, 1992:455 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Cerro de Neblina, basecamp near Rio Baria; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

chana Angrisano, 1995b:513 [Type locality: Uruguay, Tacuarembo, Tbo. Chico; FHCU; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist].

Distribution. Uruguay.

charrua Angrisano, 1984:1 [Type locality: Argentina, Entre Rios, Parque Nacional el Palmar; MACN; ♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:32 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:40 [♂; ♀; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

chihuahua Harris and Flint, 2016:2 [Type locality: Mexico, Chihuahua, Rio Concheno at Highway 16 near Basaseachic; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

chilensis Flint, 1983a:53 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Linares, Puente Malcho, Río Longavi; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

colmillosa Harris 1990:246 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Cerro de Neblina basecamp; NMNH; ♂]. —Santos and Nessimian, 2009d:766 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:46 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Venezuela.

colombiensis Harris, 1990:257 [Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia Department, Quebrada la Jiménez, Sopetrán; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1991:28 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

connori Keth, in Keth, Harris and Armitage, 2015:77 [Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Municipio de Sanchez, Arroyo San Juan on road to Laguna de Sanchez, 3.5 km west of La Cienegra, 25.4°N, 100.2833°W; PSUC; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

contrerasi Harris and Flint, 2016:3 [Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Municipio de Santiago, Rio Ramos at Los Adjuntas, 4.5 km southeast Puerto Genovevo, N25°18', W100°8'; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

corniculans Flint, 1968b:50 [Type locality: Dominica, Dleau Gommier; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Flint, 1974c:76 [♂; distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Harris and Tiemann, 1993:292 [♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist]. —Keth et al., 2015:27 [♂].

Distribution. Dominica, Suriname.

cuernuda Harris, 1990:248 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Agua Blanca, Cerro de la Neblina; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

delgadeza Harris, in Harris and Davenport, 1992:458 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza, Tzapino; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

didii Santos and Nessimian, 2009d:763 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Preto da Eva (tributary to Rio Preto da Eva, 02°38'14.6"S, 59°44'09.9"W); INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:47 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

dientera Harris, 1990:251 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, San Carlos de Río Negro; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

digitata (Mosely), 1937:171 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Cocula; BMNH; ♂; in Exitrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:202 [distribution]. —Keth et al., 2015:62 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

dikeros Flint, 1983a:48 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Entre Ríos, Arroyo P. Verne, 4km N Villa San José; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1995b:511 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Uruguay.

djalmasantosi Santos and Nessimian, 2009d:759 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Preto da Eva (tributary to Rio Preto da Eva, 02°36'45.5"S, 59°43'59.1"W); INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:47 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

dubitans (Mosely), 1939a:235 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catharina [sic], Nova Teutonia; BMNH; ♂; in Dolotrichia ?]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:366 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:47 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

durior Flint, 1983a:49 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1995b:511 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:47 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Uruguay.

elongata Flint, 1983a:53 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Salta, Cañada la Gotera, Rt. 59, km 23.5; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Muzón et al., 2005: 57 [distribution]. —Rueda Martín, 2011:7 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

eroga (Mosely), 1937:172 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Cocula; BMNH; ♂; in Exitrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:202 [distribution]. —Keth et al., 2015:80 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

esmalda (Mosely), 1937:173 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Esmeralda; BMNH; ♂; in Exitrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:202 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:62 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1194 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist]. —Keth et al., 2015:72 [♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua.

exicoma (Mosely), 1937:174 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Dolores; BMNH; ♂; in Exitrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:203 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist]. —Keth et al., 2015:81 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

falcifera Flint, 1974c:75 [Type locality: Suriname, Nickerie River, Blanche Marie Falls; RNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist].

Distribution. Suriname.

farkoska Oláh and Johanson, 2011:173 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

felkurta Oláh and Johanson, 2011:175 [Type locality: French Guiana, Sinnamary, Petit Saut, 05°03.853'N, 053°02.814'W, el. 9 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

feolai Santos and Nessimian, 2009d:766 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Preto da Eva (tributary to Rio Preto da Eva, 02°38'14.6"S, 59°44'09.9"W); INPA; ♂]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2012:25 [redescription; distribution]. —Souza et al., 2013b:586 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:47 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Venezuela.

filifera Flint, 1983a:46 [Type locality: Uruguay, Dpto. Lavalleja, Río Cebollati, Picada de Rodriguez; NMNH; ♂]. —Harris and Davenport, 1992:461 [redescription]. —Angrisano, 1995b:511 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Souza et al., 2013b:586 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:47 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Uruguay.

flowersi Harris, 1990:257 [Type locality: Panama, Bocas del Toro Province, Quebrada Canza at pipeline road; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

fogaka Oláh and Johanson, 2011:176 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.235'N, 52°11.988'W, el. 225 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

garra Keth, 2004:170 [Type locality: Belize, Orange Walk District. New River Lagoon, dock area at Lamanai Ruins; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Belize.

garrinchai Santos and Nessimian, 2009d:764 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus (Igarapé Arumã, tributary to Rio Cuieiras, 02°30'55.2"S, 60°15'44.4"W); INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:47 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

gilmari Santos and Nessimian, 2009d:759 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Preto da Eva (tributary to Rio Urubu, 02°31'01.3"S, 59°43'13.7"W); INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:47 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

gotera Flint, 1983a:51 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia.Salta, Cañada la Gotera, Rt. 59, km 23.5; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:487 [♂; distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín, 2011:8 [♂; distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Peru.

hajla Oláh and Johanson, 2011:177 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

heleios Flint, 1968a:38 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Catherine, Bog Walk; MCZ; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1968b:81 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist]. —Keth et al., 2015:96 [♂].

Distribution. Jamaica.

hiaspa (Mosely), 1937:181 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Dolores; BMNH; ♂; in Lorotrichia]. —Ross, 1944:154 [to synonymy]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:203 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:179 [checklist]. —Keth et al., 2015:67 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua.

horgoska Oláh and Johanson, 2011:179 [Type locality: French Guiana, Maripasoula, Lawa River, Gzaan Dayé, 4°01.130'N, 54°19.015'W, el. 74 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

interrupta Flint, 1974c:77 [Type locality: Suriname, Lucie River camp, Wilhelmina Mountains; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

iridescens Flint, 1964a:51 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Maricao, at fish hatchery; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; case]. —Flint, 1968a:37 [♂; ♀; larva; distribution]. —Flint, 1968b:48 [♂; ♀; larva; distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:51 [distribution]. —Malicky, 1983:264 [distribution]. —Kumanski, 1987:23 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1989a:99 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1991a:128 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:43 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1995:32 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:18 [distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:40 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:256 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:34 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:42 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist]. —Keth et al., 2015:97 [♂].

Distribution. Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia.

ismetla Oláh and Johanson, 2011:180 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.257'N, 52°11.920'W, el. 216 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

jarochita Bueno-Soria, 1999:114 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Estación de Biología Los Tuxtlas, UNAM, Arroyo del Zoológico; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:181 [distribution]. —Keth et al., 2015:28 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

juntada Harris, in Harris and Davenport, 1992:465 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, tributary to Rio Yanomono at Explorama Lodge; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru, Venezuela.

kampa Oláh and Johanson, 2011:182 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., Rio Mayo, 11 km (rd.) E Mayobamba, 6°04.989'S, 76°53.065'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

kampoka Oláh and Johanson, 2011:183 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., Rio Mayo, 37 km (rd.) W Moyobamba, near Olmos-Tarapoto rd., 6°00.278'S, 77°15.437'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

kehelia Oláh and Johanson, 2011:184 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., La Catarata de Ahuashiyascu, 6°27.544'S, 76°18.192'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

ketaguka Oláh and Johanson, 2011:187 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

kurta Oláh and Johanson, 2011:187 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., Rio Huallaga tributary, small river passing Chazuta, 6°34.665'S, 76°08.209'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

kurtika Oláh and Johanson, 2011:188 [Type locality: French Guiana, Maripasoula: Lawa River: Gzaan Dayé, 4°01.130'N, 54°19.015'W, el. 74 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

kurtitva Oláh and Johanson, 2011:190 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., Rio Huallaga, at Pumarihri Huallaga Lodge, between Juan Guerra and Chazuta, 14 km (rd.) W Chazuta, 6°36.643'S, 76°12.555'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

labios Keth, in Keth, Harris and Armitage, 2015:98 [Type locality: Mexico, Sonora, Rio Arros at Arroyo El Pavo; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

lacertina Botosaneanu, 1994a:43 [Type locality: Guadeloupe, River Lézarde, Saut de la Lézarde; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:256, 259 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:42 [distribution]. —Keth et al., 2015:68 [♂].

Distribution. Guadeloupe, Martinique.

lefela Oláh and Johanson, 2011:191 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

leonensis Keth, in Keth, Harris and Armitage, 2015:85 [Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Municipio de Santiago, Arroyo San Juan on road to Laguna de Sanchez, 3.5 km west of La Cienegra, 25°24'N, 100°17'W; PSUC; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

lobata Flint, 1974c:79 [Type locality: Suriname, Lucie River camp, Wilhelmina Mountains; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

longissima Flint, 1983a:49 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:48 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

lucrecia Angrisano, 1995b:513 [Type locality: Uruguay, Artigas, Potrero Sucio, Ao. Tres Cruces; FHCU; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist].

Distribution. Uruguay.

malickyi Harris, in Harris and Tiemann, 1993:288 [Type locality: Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Lutz; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

manopla Keth, in Keth, Harris and Armitage, 2015:46 [Type locality: Mexico, Sonora, Cajon Bonito, Losojas Ranch, 31.27854°N, 109.00196°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

margaritena Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Viloria, 2002:106 [Type locality: Venezuela, Isla de Margarita, Rio San Juan at fuentidueno; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist].

Distribution. Venezuela.

maria Bueno-Soria and Hamilton, 1986:302 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, 7km NE Huautla de Jimenez; NMNH; ♂]. —Keth, 2004:177 [♂]. —Keth et al., 2015:31 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

mathisi Keth, 2004:170 [Type locality: Belize, Orange Walk District. New River Lagoon, dock area at Lamanai Ruins; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Belize.

maya Harris and Flint, 2016:3 [Type locality: Belize, Stann Creek District, Cockscomb Wildlife Preserve, Cockscomb A, B4, Maya Mountains, el.200 m, N16-80, W88-55; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Belize.

mobilensis Harris, 1985:252 [Type locality: U.S.A., Alabama, Mobile County, Mobile River at Mt. Vernon, T2N, R1W; NMNH; ♂.] —Harris and Flint, 2016:7 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

napoensis Harris, in Harris and Davenport, 1992:461 [Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, 7km N Lago Agrio; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

negroensis Harris, 1990:254 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, San Carlos de Río Negro; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

nesiotes Flint and Sykora, 1993:55 [Type locality: Grenada, Parish St. Andrews, Balthazar Estate; FSCA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:20 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:100 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist]. —Keth et al., 2015:50 [♂].

—intortigona Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:202 [nomen nudum; distribution; ecology]. —Flint et al., 1999b:104 [to synonymy; is nesiotes].

Distribution. Grenada, Trinidad.

niltonsantosi Santos and Nessimian, 2009d:762 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus (tributary to Igarapé da Cachoeira, 02°41'45.4"S, 60°17'42.7"W); INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:48 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

noteuna (Mosely), 1939a:232 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catharina [sic], Nova Teutonia; BMNH; ♂; in Exitrichia]. —Angrisano, 1995b:511 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:48 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Uruguay.

novara (Mosely), 1939a:232 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catharina [sic], Nova Teutonia; BMNH; ♂; in Exitrichia]. —Angrisano, 1995b:511 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:40 [♂; distribution]. —Manzo et al., 2014:166 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:48 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

oldalia Oláh and Johanson, 2011:192 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., Rio Huallaga, at Pumarihri Huallaga Lodge, between Juan Guerra and Chazuta, 14 km (rd.) W Chazuta, 6°36.643'S, 76°12.555'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

olorina (Mosely), 1937:175 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Cocula; BMNH; ♂; in Exitrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:203 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [biology; distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:305 [biology]. —Keth et al., 2015:73 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

orejona Harris and Davenport, 1999:26 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, edge of Rio Sucusari backwater, adjoining Explornapo Camp; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

orlandoi Santos and Nessimian, 2009d:761 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus (tributary to Rio Branquinho, 02°31'24.6"S, 60°20'05.3"W); INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:48 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

ovona (Mosely), 1939a:233 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catharina [sic], Nova Teutonia; BMNH; ♂; in Exitrichia]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:48 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

oxima (Mosely), 1937:176 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Cocula; BMNH; ♂; in Exitrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:203 [distribution]. —Keth et al., 2015:89 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

palitla Harris and Flint, 2016:4 [Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosi, Palitla; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

palma Flint, 1982a:45 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Buenos Aires, Río Parana de las Palmas; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1982c:38 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1995b:511 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:40 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay.

pamelae Harris and Armitage, 2015:5 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, tributary of Quebrada Grande, at waterfall, Boquete, Valle Escondido, 8.78291°N, 82.44579°W, el. 1253 m; MIUP; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

parabullata Harris and Armitage, 2015:6 [Type locality: Panama, Panama Canal Zone, Cuenca 115, Isla Abogada, 9.19903°N, 79.85980°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

parany Oláh and Johanson, 2011:193 [Type locality: Peru, Amazonas Prov., Rio Utcabamba, Bajra Grande, at Rio Hotel, 5°45.824'S, 78°25.414'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

pelei Santos and Nessimian, 2009d:766 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Preto da Eva (tributary to Rio Preto da Eva, 02°32'09.4"S, 59°49'59.3"W); INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:48 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

pequenita Botosaneanu, 1977:277 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Baracoa, Rio Sabanilla; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:51 [distribution]. —Kumanski, 1987:23 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1990a:46 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1991a:128 [distrubution]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:202 [distribution; ecology]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:18 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:458 [larva]. —Flint, 1996a:101 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:18 [distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:40 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:85 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:36 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist]. —Keth et al., 2015:51 [♂].

—Neotrichia sp. 1 Kumanski, 1987:23 [♀]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:36 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Barbados, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Trinidad.

picada Flint, 1983a:53 [Type locality: Uruguay, Dpto. Lavalleja, Rio Cebollati, Picada de Rodriguez; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1995b:511 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist].

Distribution. Uruguay.

pinarenia Botosaneanu, 1980:113 [Type locality: Cuba, Prov. Pinar del Rio, Arroyo del Pinar de Viñales; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:51 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Keth et al., 2015:32 [♂].

Distribution. Cuba.

proboscidea Flint, 1974c:73 [Type locality: Suriname, Nickerie River, Lombok falls; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

pulgara Keth, 2004:174 [Type locality: Belize, Orange Walk District. New River Lagoon, dock area at Lamanai Ruins; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Belize.

riparia Flint and Reyes, 1991:486 [Type locality: Peru, Dept. La Libertad, Prov. Trujillo, Dist. Simbal, Río Lucumar, Simbal; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

rotundata Flint, 1974c:76 [Type locality: Suriname, Käyser Airstrip; RNH; ♂]; —Flint, 1992d:69 [distribution; as near rotunda]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:48 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

ruiteri Keth, in Keth, Harris and Armitage, 2015:54 [Type locality: Mexico, Sonora, Canon Alacran; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

sala Angrisano, 1984:1 [Type locality: Argentina, Salta, Parque Nacional el Rey, Rio La Sala; MACN; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina.

salada Flint, 1982a:43 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Buenos Aires, Rio Salado, Rt. 3, S San Miguel del Monte; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1982c:39 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1995b:513 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay.

sicilicula Flint, 1983a:51 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1995b:513 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:49 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Uruguay.

sokaga Oláh and Johanson, 2011:194 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., creek crossing rd. Juan Guerra-Chazuta, 14 km (rd.) E Colombia Bridge, 6°35.594'S, 76°13.172'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

soleaferrea , Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:18 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Elizabeth, Black River in its upper course at Windsor; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist]. —Keth et al., 2015:100 [♂].

Distribution. Jamaica.

sucusaria Harris and Davenport, 1992:458 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, Rio Sucusari just up stream from Explornapo Camp; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

tauricornis Malicky, 1980:220 [Type locality: Guadeloupe, Bras de David beim Forsthaus, Zufluss des Flusses Goyaves; Coll. Malicky; ♂]. —Malicky, 1983:264 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1989a:99 [♀; distribution]. —Flint, 1991:28 [♂; distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:202 [distribution; ecology]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:56 [distribution]. —Harris and Tiemann, 1993:288 [♂; distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:21 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:43 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:101 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:256 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:44 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Keth et al., 2015:35 [♂]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Panama, St. Lucia, Tobago, Trinidad.

tertia (Mosely), 1939a:235 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catharina [sic], Nova Teutonia; BMNH; ♂; in Exitrichia]. —Angrisano, 1995b:513 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:49 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Uruguay.

teutonia Flint, 1983a:49 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia: NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:49 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

tirabuzona Harris and Davenport, 1999:27 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, edge of Rio Sucusari backwater, adjoining Explornapo Camp, NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

tompa Oláh and Johanson, 2011:196 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

tubulifera Flint, 1980b:141 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Entre Rios, Salto Grande, Rio Uruguay; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1982c:40 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1995b:513 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:40 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Uruguay.

tuxtla Bueno-Soria, 1999:113 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Estación de Biología Los Tuxtlas, UNAM, Arroyo del Zoológico; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Keth et al., 2015:69 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

unamas Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:22 [Type locality: Tobago, Argyll River below Argyll waterfall; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:202 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution; ecology]. —Flint, 1996a:101 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist]. —Keth et al., 2015:36 [♂].

—species A Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:23 [♀]. —Flint, 1996a:101 [distribution; to synonymy].

Distribution. Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela.

unispina Flint, 1974c:72 [Type locality: Suriname, Lucie River camp, Wilhelmina Mountains; RNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:402 [distribution].

Distribution. Peru, Suriname.

vavai Santos and Nessimian, 2009d:763 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus (tributary to Rio Branquinho, 02°31'24.6"S, 60°20'05.3"W); INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:49 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

vekonyka Oláh and Johanson, 2011:197 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

vibrans Ross, 1938b:119 [Type locality: U.S.A., Illinois, Oakwood, Middle Fork River; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:203 [distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:21 [distribution; biology]. —Keth et al., 2015:101 [♂].

—ranea (Denning), 1947c:20 [Type locality: U.S.A., Florida, Miami; CAS; ♂]. —Ross, 1948a:205 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

villa Oláh and Johanson, 2011:199 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

vissa Oláh and Johanson, 2011:200 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., La Catarata de Ahuashiyascu, 6°27.544'S, 76°18.192'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

vonza Oláh and Johanson, 2011:201 [Type locality: French Guiana, Maripasoula, Maroni River, Damason campo, Village, 4°35.112'N, 54°24.799'W, 38 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

xicana (Mosely), 1937:178 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Dolores; BMNH; ♂; in Dolotrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:203 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1194 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:202 [distribution]. —Keth et al., 2015:37 [male].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua.

yagua Harris and Davenport, 1992:463 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, Rio Sucusari just upstream from Explornapo Camp; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

yanomonoa Harris and Davenport, 1992:454 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, small tributary to Rio Yanomono at Explorama Lodge; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

yavesia Bueno-Soria, 2010:29 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Santa María de Yavesia, 17°14'04.76”6N, 96°25'35.06"W, el. 2058 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Keth et al., 2015:102 [male].

Distribution. Mexico.

zagalloi Santos and Nessimian, 2009d:765 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Preto da Eva (Igarapé Jangada, tributary to Rio Urubu, 02°26'32.5"S, 59°32'46.2"W); INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:49 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

zitoi Santos and Nessimian, 2009d:762 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus (Igarapé Arumã, tributary to Rio Cuieiras, 02°30'55.2"S, 60°15'44.4"W); INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:49 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

Genus Nothotrichia Flint [5]

Nothotrichia Flint, 1967a:56 [Type species: Nothotrichia illiesi Flint, 1967a, original designation]. —Harris and Armitage, 1997:123 [redescription; placement]. —Parys and Harris, 2013:590 [larva; taxonomic remarks].

Marshall (1979) was unable to place the genus in a tribe and left it as incertae sedis within Hydroptilinae, as then defined, but Harris and Armitage (1997) and Parys and Harris (2013) placed it in the Ochrotrichiinae. It was perhaps erroneously included in the Orthotrichiinae in the Trichoptera World Checklist, and this error was transcribed by Holzenthal et al., (2007b). The genus was thought to be amphitropical in distribution, occurring in the United States (California, one species) and Chile (two species), but three additional species have now been discovered in Costa Rica, Panama, and Brazil.

The larva of Nothotrichia shasta from California was described by Parys and Harris (2013). Larvae of this species were collected from filamantous green algae in high elevation, fast-flowing streams; gut contents were composed of strands of algae.

cautinensis Flint 1983a:40 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Cautín, Río Cautín, Cajón; NMNH; ♂]. —Harris and Armitage, 1997:125 [♂; ♀; redescription]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:213 [distribution].

Distribution. Chile.

illiesi Flint, 1967a:56 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Cautín, brook on Lago Villarica; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist]. —Harris and Armitage, 1997:124 [♂; ♀; redescription]. —Angrisano, 1999:33 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

munozi Holzenthal and Harris, 2002:106 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación Maritza, Rio Tempisquito, 10.958°N, 85.497°W, el. 550 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

panama Harris and Armitage, 2015:11 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Tributary of Quebrada Grande, at waterfall, Boquete, Valle Escondido, 8.78291°N, 82.44579°W, el. 1253 m; MIUP; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

tupi Holzenthal and Harris, 2002:109 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parque Estadual Itacolomi, Rio Belchior, 20°25.041'S, 43°25.633'W, el. 725 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:49 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

Genus Ochrotrichia Mosely [159 + †5]

Polytrichia Sibley, 1926:102 [Type species: Ithytrichia confusa Morton 1905, by monotypy; preoccupied]. —Ross, 1944:125, 126 [preoccupied].

Ochrotrichia Mosely, 1934b:162 [Type species: Ochrotrichia insularis Mosely, 1934b, original designation; synonymized with Polytrichia by Mosely (1937). —Ross, 1944: 125, 126 [recognized Polytrichia as preoccupied, and resurrected Ochrotrichia]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:60 [revision].

This nominotypical genus of the Ochrotrichiinae is found across North, Central and South America, and the West Indies. Many new species have been described during the last decade or so, especially by J. Bueno-Soria and colleagues. The genus is the largest of the Neotropical Hydroptilidae, with 164 species, including five species known from Dominican amber (Wells and Wichard 1989).

Larvae have been associated for only a very few species, given the size of the genus (Roldán Pérez 1988, Ross 1944, Wiggins 1996). They frequent flowing water of all types, from larger rivers down to small streams, springs and temporary streams, and also madicolous habitats where they feed, at least in part, on diatoms scraped from the substrate (Wiggins 1996). Luhman et al. (1999) reported the pupae of a Costa Rican species parasitized by a ceraphronid wasp.

abrelata Harris and Armitage, 2015:11 [Type locality: Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, tributary of Quebrada Grande, at waterfall, Boquete, Valle Escondido, 8.78291°N, 82.44579°W, el. 1253 m; MIUP; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

affinis Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:251 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Municipio de Huimanguillo, Ejido Villa de Guadalupe, 1a sección Cascada Cerro de Las Flores, 17°21'39"N, 93°37'29"W, el. 540 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:133 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

alargada Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:246 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Municipio de Taxco: Teusisapan, Rio Temazcalapa, 12 km. NW Ahuehuepan, Rta 51, 18°25.56'N, 99°42.5'W, el. 1052 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:112 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

aldama (Mosely) 1937:185 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Esmeralda; BMNH; ♂; in Polytrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:203 [distribution]. —Wells and Wichard, 1989:46 [in Dominican amber]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:40 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:246 [distribution]. —Wichard, 2007a:48 [checklist; in amber]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:48 [distribution]. —Eskov et al., 2008: [checklist; in amber]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:110 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Dominican Republic (in amber), Mexico, Panama.

† aliceae Wichard, 2000:242 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; NMNH; in amber]. —Wichard, 2007a:48 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

amorfa Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:252 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Municipio de Huimanguillo, Arroyo las Flores, Villa de Guadalupe, 2a sección, Los Chimalapas km 5 Ruta Malpasito-Carlos A. Madrazo, 17°22'05"N, 93°36'25", el. 540 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:133 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

angularis Bueno-Soria, 2009:131 [Type locality: Mexico, Morelos, Huautla, Reserva de la Biosfera de Huautla, 18°20'10"N, 98°51'20"W, el. 900 m; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

anomala Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1997:365 [Type locality: Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Snyder-Molino Trail, Marker 3; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:68 [♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

argentea Flint and Blickle, in Denning and Blickle, 1972:150 [Type locality: United States, N[ew] Mex[ico], Near Silver City, Cherry Creek Rec. Area; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:147 [♂]. —Ruiter and Harris, 2015:330 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

arranca (Mosely) 1937:185 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Barranca Honda; BMNH; ♂; in Polytrichia]. —Flint, 1972a:7 [redescription; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:203 [distribution]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:48 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:122 [♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:357 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico.

arriba Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1997:361 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Guadalupe Arriba, 8°52'26"N, 82°33'13"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:114 [♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

assita Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:251 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Fortuna Dam site near Hornitos, 8°55'N, 82°16'W, el. 1050 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:48 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:114 [♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

atezcae Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1981:384 [Type locality: Mexico, Hidalgo, Laguna de Atezca, 3 km de Molango; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:132 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

attenuata Flint, 1972a:11 [Type locality: Guatemala, Huehuetenango, 32 km NW Huehuetenango; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:154 [♂].

Distribution. Guatemala.

avicula Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:42 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Jaba at rock quarry, 1.4 km (air) W Las Cruces, 8.79°N, 82.97°W, el. 1150 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

avis Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 1998:606 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Rámon, Río San Lorencito and tribs, 10°12'96"N, 84°36'42"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:48 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:115 [♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

ayaya Botosaneanu, 1977:260 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Baracoa, Rio Sabanilla; NMNH; ♂; as subspecies of Ochrotrichia insularis]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:49 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:13 [as distinct species]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

balra Oláh and Johanson, 2011:214 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

baorucoensis Flint and Sykora, 2004:36 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Barahoma Province, San Rafael, 8.3 km S of Baoruco, 18°01.9'N, 71°8.4'W, el. 30 m, NMNH; ♂]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

bicaudata Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1997:367 [Type locality: Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Snyder-Molino Trail, Marker 3; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:115 [♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

bipartita Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1999:732 [Type locality: Peru, Department Cuzco, Province Paucartambo, stream, 50 m E Quitacalzón; MHNJP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Peru.

blanca Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1997:363 [Type locality: Belize, Cayo District, Rio Privassion, Blancaneaux Lodge; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:129 [♂].

Distribution. Belize.

boquillas Moulton and Harris, 1997:496 [Type locality: United States of America, Texas, Brewster Co, Glenn Spring, Big Bend National Park; NMNH; ♂]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:22 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

bractea Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:252 [Type locality: Mexico, Morelos, Municipio de Huautla, Reserva de la Biosfera de Huautla, 18°20'10”–18°34'20"N, 98°51'20”–99°08'15"W, el. 900 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:130 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

brayi Flint, 1968b:61 [Type locality: Dominica, Freshwater Lake, NMNH; ♂]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:50 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:250 [♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:55 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadaloupe.

† brodzinskyi Wells and Wichard, 1989:45 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; collection Wichard; ♂; in amber]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:40 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist]. —Wichard, 2007a:48 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

caatinga Souza, Santos and Takiya, 2014a:274 [Type locality: Brazil, Ceará, Ubajara, Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Rio Cafundó, acima da cachoeira, 3°50'13"S, 40°54'19"W, el. 874 m; CZMA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:50 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

cachonera Botosaneanu, 1995:23 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, springs near La Descubierta, S of Sierra de Neiba; ZMUA; ♂]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:40 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:36 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

caimita Flint, 1972a:6 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Rio Caimito, 16 km NW David; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:538 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:49 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:134 [♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

calcarata Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1999:733 [Type locality: Peru, Department Cuzco, Province Paucartambo, Puente San Pedro at km 152, 44 km (road) W of Pilcopata, 13°03.30'S, 71°32.78'W; MHNJP; ♂].

—Ochrotrichia (Ochrotrichia) n. sp. 3 Flint, 1996b:398. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1999:733 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Peru.

caligula Flint, 1968a:49 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Hope River near New castle at mile post 16.5; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

campanilla Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1999:735 [Type locality: Peru, Department Madre de Dios, Province Manu, Pakitza, trail 1, 1st stream; MHNJP; ♂].

—Ochrotrichia (Ochrotrichia) n. sp. 4 Flint, 1996b:398. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1999:735 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Peru.

canicula Bueno-Soria, 2009:148 [Type locality: Mexico, Estado de Mexico, Tetesontle, 19°05'37"N, 98°36'22"W, el. 3350 m; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

caramba Botosaneanu, 1977:262 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Gran Piedra, Arroyos de la Idalia; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:48 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

catarina Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:249 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Santa Catarina La Chatao, 17°15'58"N, 96°28'15W, el. 2160 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:116 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

cavitectum Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:13 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Ann, Roaring River W. from Ocho Rios; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

† chaulioda Wells and Wichard, 1989:46 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; NMNH; ♂; in amber]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:40 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist]. —Wichard, 2007a:48 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:300 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

chiapa Denning and Blickle, 1972:147 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, 6 miles south of Puebla Nueva; CAS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:203 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:148 [♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

cieneguilla Harris, in Harris and Moulton, 1993:545 [Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo León, Municipio de Santiago, Cola de Caballo, down stream falls, 3 km SW Cieneguilla; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:123 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

citra Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:247 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Municipio de Huimanguillo Rta. Malpasito-Carlos A. Madrazo, Ejido Villa de Guadalupe, 1a seccíon Cascada Cerro de las Flores, 17°21'39"N, 93°37'29"W, el. 540 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:117 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

compacta Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:247 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Municipio de Huimanguillo Rta. Malpasito-Carlos A. Madrazo, Ejido Villa de Guadalupe, 1a seccíon Cascada Cerro de las Flores, 17°21'39"N, 93°37'29"W, el. 540 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:117 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

concha Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1992:446 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas State, AM010, km 246, ca. 20 km W Itacoatiara; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:50 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

conformalis Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:45 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón Río San Lorencito and tribs., 10.216°N, 84.607°W, el. 980 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

confusa (Morton), 1905:69 [Type locality: USA, New York, Ithaca; type depository not stated, likely BMNH or CU; in Ithytrichia]. —Ross, 1944:133 [larva; to Ochrotrichia]. —Denning and Blickle, 1972:142 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:124 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

constricta Souza, Santos and Takiya, 2014a:278 [Type locality: Brazil, Igrapiúna, Reserva Ecológica Michelin, Mata da Vila 5, 13°49'22.9"S, 39°12'6.5"W, el. 87 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:50 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

contrerasi Harris, in Harris and Moulton, 1993:545 [Type locality: Mexico, Tamaulipas, Municipio de Gómez Farias, Río Frio at La Poza Azul, 6 km S Gómez Farias; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:149 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

corneolus Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1997:365 [Type locality: Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Snyder-Molino Trail, Marker 3; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:135 [♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

crucecita Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1997:360 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Guadalupe Arriba, 8°52'26"N, 82°33'13"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:144 [♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

cruces Flint, 1967b:12 [Type locality: Mexico, Las Cruces National Park, La Marquesa; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:203 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:145 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

csiga Oláh and Johanson, 2011:215 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., creek crossing rd. Juan Guerra-Chazuta, 14 km (rd.) E Colombia Bridge, 6°35.594'S, 76°13.172'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

curvata Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:250 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui: Fortuna Dam site near Hornitos, 8°55'N, 82°16'W, el. 1050 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:135 [♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

cuspidatus Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:254 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Municipio Taxco, Teusisapan. Río Temascalapa, 12 km. NW Ahuehuepan Rta. 51, 18°25.56'N, 99°42.5'W, el. 1052 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:149 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

dactylophora Flint, 1965:171 [Type locality: USA, Arizona, coconi County, West Fork, 16 miles Southwest of Flagstaff, 6500 ft; ♂]. —Denning and Blickle, 1972:142 [checklist]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:303 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:125 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

delgada Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:253 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Municipio de Huimanguillo, km 5 Ruta Malpasito-Carlos A. Madrazo, Arroyo Las Flores, Villa de Guadalupe 2a sección Los Chimalapas, 17°22'05"N, 93°36'25"W, el. 545 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:150 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

† denaia Wells and Wichard, 1989:47 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; NMNH; ♂; in amber]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:40 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist]. —Wichard, 2007a:48 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

† doehleri Wichard, 1981:161 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; collection Wichard; ♂; in amber]. —Wells and Wichard, 1989:48 [♂; redescription]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:40 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist]. —Wichard, 2007a:48 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

dulce Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 1998:608 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Río Tizate, 7.2 km N.E. Cañas Dulces, 10°43'98"N, 66°[sic, should be 85°]26'94"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:49 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:140 [♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

ecuatoriana Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1992:440 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza Prov., Puyo; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:218 [distribution].

Distribution. Columbia, Ecuador, Peru.

escoba Flint, 1972a:9 [Type locality: Guatemala, Izabal, Las Escobas, near Matias de Galvez; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:141 [♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala.

eyipantla Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso 1997:363 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Salto de Eyipantla, Eyipantla River; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:130 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

felipe Ross, 1944:275 [Type locality: United States, Texas, San Felipe Springs, Del Rio; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1972a:9 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:203 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:141 [♂]. —Bowles et al., 2007:22 [distribution; biology].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

filiforma Flint, 1972a:9 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Chitaria; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:62 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:49 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:142 [♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

fioka Oláh and Johanson, 2011:217 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., La Catarata de Ahuashiyascu, 6°27.544'S, 76°18.192'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

flagellata Flint, 1972a:5 [Type locality: Panama Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:538 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:110 [♂; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama, Mexico.

flexura Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1999:732 [Type locality: Peru, Department Madre de Dios, Province Manu, Pakitza, trail 2, marker 15, Quebrada Trompetero; MHNJP; ♂].

—Ochrotrichia (Ochrotrichia) n. sp. 8 Flint, 1996b:399. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1999:732 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Peru.

flintiana Kumanski, 1987:18 [Type locality: Cuba, Province las Villas, S. foothills of Sierra de Trinidad, Rio San Juan de la Juyua; NMSB; ♂]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

glabra Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1997:364 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Guadalupe Arriba, 8°52'26"N, 82°33'13"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:49 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:110 [♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

gretae Bueno-Soria, 2009:113 [Type locality: Mexico, Chihuahua, Mpio. Guachochi, km 114.5 Route 25 Creel-Guachochi, 27°35'05"N, 107°32'46"W, el. 2150 m; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

gurneyi Flint, 1964a: 60 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, El Yunque, cabins at La Mina; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

hamatilis Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1999:733 [Type locality: Peru, Department Madre de Dios, Province Manu, Pakitza, trail 2, first stream; MHNJP; ♂; ♀].

—Ochrotrichia (Ochrotrichia) n. sp. 6 Flint, 1996b:398. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1999:733 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Peru.

harmas Oláh and Johanson, 2011:218 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., creek crossing rd. Juan Guerra-Chazuta, 14 km (rd.) E Colombia Bridge, 6°35.594'S, 76°13.172'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

hata Oláh and Johanson, 2011:220 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.072'N, 52°12.462'W, el. 270 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

hondurenia Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1997:364 [Type locality: Belize, Cayo District, Mountain Pine Ridge; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:49 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:111 [♂].

Distribution. Belize, Costa Rica.

igrapiuna Souza, Santos and Takiya, 2014a:279 [Type locality: Brazil, Igrapiúna, Reserva Ecológica Michelin, Mata da Vila 5, 13°49'22.9"S, 39°12'6.5"W, el. 87 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:50 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

ildria Denning and Blickle, 1972:145 [Type locality: United States of America, Arizona, Oak Creek Canyon; CAS; ♂]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:150 [♂]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:306 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

indefinida Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:248 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Municipio de km 5 Ruta Malpasito-Carlos A. Madrazo, Arroyo las Flores Villa de Guadalupe 2da sección Los Chimalapas, 17°22'05"N, 93°36'25"W, el. 545 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:136 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

ingloria Botosaneanu, 1995:25 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, springs near La Descubierta, S of Sierra de Neiba; ZMUA; ♂]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:40 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:37 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

insularis Mosely, 1934b:163 [Type locality: Jamaica, Runnaway Bay; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1968a:49 [♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:12 [♂; “enantiomorphic” morphotypes]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

intermedia Flint, 1972a:10 [Type locality: Guatemala, Chimaltenango, Tecpan Guatemala; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:142 [♂].

Distribution. Guatemala.

intortilis Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1999:730 [Type locality: Peru, Department Cuzco, Province Paucartambo, Puente San Pedro at km 152, 44 km (road) W of Pilcopata, 13°03.30'S, 71°32.78'W; MHNJP; ♂; ♀].

—Ochrotrichia (Ochrotrichia) n. sp. 1 Flint, 1996b:398. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1999:730 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Peru.

involuta Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:249 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, km 7 Route Taxco-Ixcateopan; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:143 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

islena Botosaneanu, 1977:261 [Type locality: Cuba, Isla de Pinos, Santa Fé, Arroyo La Talega; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:49 [distribution]. —Kumanski, 1987:17 [distribution; as Ochrotrichia islenia]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist, as Ochrotrichia islenia]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist; as Ochrotrichia islenia].

Distribution. Cuba.

ixcateopana Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1997:360 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, 7 km Route Taxco-Ixcateopan; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:125 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

ixtlahuaca Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:253 [Type locality: Mexico, Hidalgo, Ixtlahuaco, Ruta 105, Hotel Campestre Conchita, 20°53.04'N, 98°41'W, el. 1420 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:151 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

jolandae Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:43 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón Río San Lorencito and tribs., 10.216°N, 84.607°W, el. 980 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

jonssoni Oláh and Johanson, 2011:221 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.133'N, 52°12.205'W, el. 263 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

ketaga Oláh and Johanson, 2011:222 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., creek crossing rd. Tarapoto-Yurimaguas, ca. 30 km (rd.) NE Tarapoto, 6°24.904'S, 76°18.756'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

ketarca Oláh and Johanson, 2011:224 [Type locality: Peru, Chontachaca, Kosnipata-Cusco, humid subtropical forest, 13°01'25"S, 71°28'03'W, el. 700 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

kettes Oláh and Johanson, 2011:225 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., creek crossing rd. Juan Guerra-Chazuta, 14 km (rd.) E Colombia Bridge, 6°35.594'S, 76°13.172'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

labafura Oláh and Johanson, 2011:227 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

larimar Flint and Sykora, 2004:38 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Barahona Pro­vince, Larimar Mine nr Filipinas; FSCA; ♂; ♀]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

legeza Oláh and Johanson, 2011:228 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., La Catarata de Ahuashiyascu, 6°27.544'S, 76°18.192'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

leona Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:257 [Type locality: Mexico, Distrito Federal, Desierto de Los Leones, Arroyo San Borja, 19°18.140'N, 99°18.648'W, el. 2650 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:126 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

limeirai Souza, Santos and Takiya, 2014a:277 [Type locality: Brazil, Ceará, Ubajara, Parque Nacional de Ubajara, 3°50'31.7"S, 40°53'55"W; CZMA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:50 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

limonensis Flint, 1981a:29 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Dos Riitos, 6 km N Rancho Grande; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

lobifera Flint, 1968a:50 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Hope River near Newcastle at mile post 16.5; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

logana (Ross), 1941:54 [Type locality: [United States], Utah, Logan Canyon; INHS; ♂; ♀; in Polytrichia]. —Ross, 1944:295 [to Ochrotrichia]. —Denning and Blickle, 1972:142 [checklist]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:305 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:152 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

longispina Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:250 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui: Fortuna Dam site near Hornitos, 8°55'N, 82°16'W, el. 1050 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:50 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:118 [♂]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:229 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama, Peru.

lupita Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1997:368 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Guadalupe Arriba, 8°52'26"N, 82°33'13"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:118 [♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

machiguenga Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1999:733 [Type locality: Peru, Department Madre de Dios, Province Manu, Pakitza, trail 1, marker 14 (1st stream); MHNJP; ♂].

—Ochrotrichia (Ochrotrichia) n. sp. 7 Flint, 1996b:398. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1999:733 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Peru.

maga Oláh and Johanson, 2011:229 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., La Catarata de Ahuashiyascu, 6°27.544'S, 76°18.192'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

manuensis Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1999:735 [Type locality: Peru, Department Madre de Dios, Province Manu, Pakitza, trail 2, first stream; MHNJP; ♂; ♀]. —Souza et al., 2014a:281 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:50 [checklist].

—Ochrotrichia (Ochrotrichia) n. sp. 5 Flint, 1996b:398. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1999:735 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Brazil, Peru.

marica Flint, 1964a:60 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Maricao Forest, at stone house; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

maya Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1997:369 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Cascada de Misolja, 20 km S from Palenque; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:137 [♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

maycoba Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso 1997:363 [Type locality: Mexico, Sonora, Maycoba River, west of Maycoba; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:131 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

membrana Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 1998:604 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tribs, 10°12'96"N, 84°36'42"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:50 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:119 [♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

moselyi Flint, 1972a:7 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Rio Tacolapan, route 180, km 551; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:203 [distribution]. —Luhman et al., 1999:126 [pupae parasitized by Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:50 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:126 [♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico.

nicaragua Bueno-Soria, 2009:153 [Type locality: Nicaragua, Zelaya, Cerro Saslaya, 13°44'N, 85°01'W, el. 700 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Nicaragua.

nimmoi Harris and Armitage, 2015:13 [Type locality: Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, tributary of Quebrada Grande, at waterfall, Boquete, Valle Escondido, 8.78291°N, 82.44579°W, 1253 m; MIUP; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

oblongata Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1992:443 [Type locality: Trinidad, Arima cascade; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:202 [distribution; ecology, as Ochrotrichia (Ochrotrichia)]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:17 [♂; /female]. —Flint, 1996a:93 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Trinidad, Venezuela.

obovata Flint and Sykora, 2004:38 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, [La Vega Province] 20 km S Constanza; NMNH; ♂]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

obtecta Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1999:730 [Type locality: Peru, Department Cuzco, Province Paucartambo, Puente San Pedro at km 152, 44 km (road) W of Pilcopata, 13°03.30'S, 71°32.78'W; MHNJP; ♂; ♀].

—Ochrotrichia (Ochrotrichia) n. sp. 2 Flint, 1996b:398. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1999:730 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Peru.

okanoganensis Flint, 1965:171 [Type locality: [United States], Washington, Okanogan County, Winthrop; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution; as Ochrotrichia okanogensis].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

oldala Oláh and Johanson, 2011:231 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

ostoroska Oláh and Johanson, 2011:232 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., La Catarata de Ahuashiyascu, 6°27.544'S, 76°18.192'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

pacifica Flint, 1972a:6 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Rio Caimito, 16km NW David; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:204 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:62 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:538 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:50 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:137 [♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama.

palitla Flint, 1972a:9 [Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosi, Palitla; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:204 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:143 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

palmata Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1997:369 [Type locality: Mexico, Estado de Mexico, Temascaltepec; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:138 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

panamensis Flint, 1972a:10 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Rovira, David; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:539 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:51 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:153 [♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama.

paraldama Bueno-Soria, 2009:113 [Type locality: Panama, San Blas, Río Cartí Grande, 2 km. Nusagandi; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

patulosa (Wasmund and Holzenthal), 2007:18 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Rio Beija-flor, 22°27'04"S, 43°00'04"W, el. 1125 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀; in Rhyacopsyche]. —Dumas et al., 2009:367 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:234 [to Ochrotrichia]. —Souza et al., 2014a:281 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:50 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

pectinata Flint, 1972a:5 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Rio Jamapa, north of Coscomatepec; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:204 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:111 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

pectinifera Flint, 1972a:7 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Fortin de las Flores; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:204 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:127 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

poblana Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1997:370 [Type locality: Mexico, Puebla, km 30, route Zacapoaxtla-Zacatlán; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:154 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

ponta Flint, 1968b:61 [Type locality: Dominica, Pont Casse, 0.4 mi E; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:58 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:37 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:86 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, and Thomas, 2005:44 [distribution].

Distribution. Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent.

pora Angrisano and Sganga, 2009:62 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, Parque Provincial Salto Encantado, Salto Acutí; MACN; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

priapo Souza, Santos and Takiya, 2014a:275 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Igrapiúna, Reserva Ecológica da Michelin, Mata da Vila 5, 13°49'22.6"S, 39°12'6.5"W, el. 87 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:51 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

pulgara Harris and Armitage, 2015:13 [Type locality: Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, tributary of Quebrada Grande, at waterfall, Boquete, Valle Escondido, 8.78291°N, 82.44579°W, el. 1253 m; MIUP; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

puposa Oláh and Johanson, 2011:234 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., La Catarata de Ahuashiyascu, 6°27.544'S, 76°18.192'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

puyana Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1992:440 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza Prov., Puyo; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

quasi Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:46 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, Río Savegra, San Gerardo de Dota, 9.33°N, 83.48°W, el. 2200 m; CMC; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

quebrada Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 1998:607 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, P.N. Rincón de la Vieja, Quebrada Zopilote, 10°45'9"N, 83°18'54"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:51 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:119 [♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

quinealensis Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 1998:611 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Guineal, ca. 1 km (air) E Finca Helechales, 9°4'56"N, 83°5'52"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:51 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:138 [♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

ramona Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 1998:610 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tribs, 10°12'96"N, 84°36'42"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:52 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:146 [♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

raposa Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1992:440 [Type locality: Colombia, Dept. Valle del Cauca, Río Raposo; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

regina Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1997:368 [Type locality: Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Snyder-Molino Trail, Marker 3; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:120 [♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

regiomontana Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:255 [Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Municipio Santiago, Potrero Redondo; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:155 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

rothi Denning and Blickle, 1972:149 [Type locality: [United States], Ariz[ona], Southwest Research Station, Cochise County, Portal; CAS; ♂; ♀]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:152 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

seiba Flint and Sykora, 2004:38 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, El Seibo Province, Pedro Sanchez, small stream; FSCA; ♂; ♀]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

serra Botosaneanu, 1991a:125 [Type locality: Haiti, Département de l’Ouest, Ville Bonheur, Le Saut d’Eau; ZMUA; ♂]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:41 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:87 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:39 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Haiti.

serrana Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1997:370 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Acahuizotla, 10 km E of Chilpancingo; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:156 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

silva Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 1998:606 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tribs, 10°12'96"N, 84°36'42"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:52 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:121 [♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

spina Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:254 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Puente Río Jamapa, Route Coscomatepec-Huatusco, el. 1320 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:156 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

spinosissima Flint, 1964a:58 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Toro Negro Forest, near Dona Juana area; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:59 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:50 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:87 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:44 [distribution].

Distribution. Dominica, Martinique, Puerto Rico.

spinula Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:255 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas: Reserva de Ia Biosfera El Triunfo; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:157 [♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

spinulata Denning and Blickle, 1972:149 [Type locality: [United States], Ariz[ona], Portal, Cochise County; CAS; ♂]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:146 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

spinulosa Bueno-Soria, 2009:124 [Type locality: Mexico, Estado de México,Temascaltepec Real de Arriba, 19°02'24"N, 100°02'47” W, el. 1720 m; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

spira Thomson and Holzenthal, 2012:27 [Type locality: Venezuela, Monagas, Guachero Cave National Park, 10°10.322'N, 63°33.315'W, el. 1110 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

stylata (Ross), 1938b:120 [Type locality: United States, Wyoming, Farson, Little Sandy Creek; INHS; ♂; in Polytrichia]. —Flint, 1972a:5 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:204 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [biology]. —Bowles et al., 2007:22 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:139 [♂]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:303 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico, U.S.A.

tagala Flint, 1972a:8 [Type locality: Guatemala, Huehuetenango, 32 km NW Huehuetenango; NMNH; ♂]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:4 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1194 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:52 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:128 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua.

tarsalis (Hagen), 1861:275 [Type locality: Canada, St. Lawrence River; MCZ; ♂; in Hydroptila]. —Ross, 1938a:10 [lectotype, in Polytrichia]. —Ross, 1944:130 [♂; ♀; in Ochrotrichia, distribution]. —Flint, 1972a:6 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:204 [distribution]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [biology]. —Bowles et al., 2007:22 [distribution; biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:304 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:139 [♂].

Distribution. Canada, Mexico, U.S.A.

tenanga (Mosely), 1937:185 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Saltenango de la Paz; BMNH; ♂; in Polytrichia]. —Ross, 1944:276 [♂; in Ochrotrichia]. —Flint, 1972a:8 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:204 [distribution]. —Flint, 1981a:29 [♂; distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:62 [distribution]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:487 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:538 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:52 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:144 [♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

trinitatis Flint, 1996a:93 [Type locality: Trinidad, streamlet below Maracas Waterfall, 250m, 10°44'N, 61°24'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1997:45 [♂; as undescribed species]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Trinidad.

unica Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1992:443 [Type locality: Colombia, Dept. Valle del Cauca, Rio Raposo; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

unicornia Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:256 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Santa Maria de Yavesia (water plant), 17°13'36"N, 96°25'35"W, el. 1930 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:122 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

velascoi Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1997:371 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, route 134, 102 km N.W. Zihuatanejo; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:157 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

verda Flint, 1968c:153 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, el Verde; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:87 [checklist]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:40 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico.

vieja Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 1998:608 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, P.N. Rincón de la Vieja, Quebrada Provisión, 10°46'14"N, 85°16'86"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008:53 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:147 [♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

villarenia Botosaneanu, 1980:108 [Type locality: Cuba, Prov. Las Villas, Cafetal << Gavina>>, La Sierrita; ZMUA; ♂]. —Kumanski, 1987:18 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:48 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:87 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

yanayacuana Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1992:443 [Type locality: Ecuador, Tungurahua Prov., Yanayacu; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

yavesia Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2004:256 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Santa Maria de Yavesia (water plant), 17°13'36"N, 96°25'35"W, el. 1930 m; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:158 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

yepachica Harris, in Harris and Moulton, 1993:548 [Type locality: Mexico, Chihuahua, Río Concheno at Hwy 16, 12 km SW Yepachic; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:128 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

yetla Bueno-Soria, 2009:129 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, San Mateo Yetla, 17°.75N, 96°.4W, el. 840 m; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

zihuaquia Bueno-Soria and Santiago-Fragoso, 1997:362 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, route 134, 102 km N.W. Zihuatanejo; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 2009:132 [♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

Genus Orinocotrichia Harris, Flint and Holzenthal [3]

Orinocotrichia Harris, Flint and Holzenthal, 2002a:50 [Type species: Orinocotrichia calcariga Harris, Flint and Holzenthal, 2002a, original designation].

Orinocotrichia was erected for a single species from the Río Cataniapo, Venezuela. More than a decade later, Oláh and Johanson (2011) described a second species from French Guiana. A third species was recently described from Brazil. Orinocotrichia is likely closely related to Flintiella, also a member of the Stactobiinae, according to Harris et al. (2002a). Immature stages are unkown.

angelus Souza, Santos and Takiya, 2016b:338 [Type locality: Brazil, Maranhão, Carolina, Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Cancela, Malaise trap, 07°06'43.4"S, 47°17'16.6"W, el. 186 m; CZMA; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

calcariga Harris, Flint and Holzenthal, 2002a:51 [Type locality: Venezuela, T. F. Amazonas, Río Cataniapo, 10 km S Puerto Ayacucho; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

tagola Oláh and Johanson, 2011:251 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°32.833'N, 52°11.452'W, el. 77 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

Genus Orthotrichia Eaton [3]

Orthotrichia Eaton, 1873:141 [Type species: Hydroptila angustella McLachlan, 1865, original designation]. —Ross, 1944:139 [revision of North American species]. —Kingsolver and Ross, 1961:28 [revision of North American species].

In the Neotropics, this otherwise large, cosmopolitan genus is represented by only three species from the Greater Antilles, Nicaragua, and Peru. Otherwise, the genus is diverse in southeast Asia, Australia, and Africa.

Several species from outside the Neotropics are known in the larval stages (Nielsen 1948, Wells 1985, Wiggins 1996). They are typically found in aquatic vegetation and filamentous algae in standing waters, but Wells (1985) recorded some Australian species from rocks in flowing waters, unassociated with filamentous algae. An Australian species is parasitic within the pupal cocoons of some Hydropsychidae (Wells 1992), the only such behavior known in Trichoptera.

aegerfasciella (Chambers), 1873:114 [Type locality: United States, Kentucky; type depository unknown; sex unknown; in Clymene]. —Ross, 1944:140 [♂; ♀; distribution; as americana]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:201 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:49 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1991a:132 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:41 [checklist]. —Maes, 1999:1194 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:87 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:40 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Bowles et al., 2007:22 [distribution; biology]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist]. —Flint, 2011:104 [checklist].

—americana Banks, 1904b:116 [Type locality: United States, Washington, D.C.; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1966b:135 [to synonymy].

—dorsalis (Banks), 1904c:216 [Type locality: United States, Washington, D.C.; MCZ; ♀; in Oxyethira]. —Ross, 1944:140 [as synonym of americana].

—brachiata Morton, 1905:70 [Type locality: United States, New York, Ithaca; type depository unknown, CU?; ♂]. —Ross, 1938a:9 [as synonym of americana].

Distribution. Canada, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Mexico, Nicaragua, U.S.A.

cristata Morton, 1905:75 [Type locality: United States, Lake Forest, Illinois; type depository unknown, CU?; ♂]. —Ross, 1944:141 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Flint, 1968a:45 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:49 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1995b:509 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:12 [distribution]. —Houghton and Stewart, 1998c:105 [biology]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:87 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:40 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Bowles et al., 2007:22 [distribution; biology]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Canada, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Uruguay, U.S.A.

shimigaya Harris and Davenport, 1999:29 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, small stream just outside grounds of Explorama Inn; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

Genus Oxyethira Eaton [94]

Oxyethira Eaton, 1873:143 [Type species: Hydroptila costalis Curtis 1834, original designation, a species of Orthotrichia according to Neboiss (1963). Oxyethira costalis (Curtis) sensu Eaton, 1873, is probably Oxyethira flavicornis (Pictet), 1834]. —Kelley, 1983:41 [new Neotropical species]. —Kelley, 1984:435 [revision]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1992:155 [Costa Rican species].

Lagenopsyche Müller, 1879a:39 [Type species: Lagenopsyche spirogyrae Müller 1879a, subsequent selection of Fischer 1961:112]. —Müller, 1887b:338 [withdrawn in favor of Oxyethira]. —Kelley, 1984:436 [to synonymy].

Argyrobothrus Barnard, 1934:392 [Type species: Argyrobothrus velocipes Barnard 1934, by monotypy]. —Ross, 1948:202 [to synonymy]. —Kelley, 1984:438 [as subgenus].

Loxotrichia Mosely, 1937:165 [Type species: Loxotrichia azteca Mosely 1937, original designation]. —Ross, 1944:133 [to synonymy]. —Kelley, 1984:442 [as subgenus].

Dampfitrichia Mosely, 1937:169 [Type species: Dampfitrichia ulmeri Mosely 1937, by monotypy]. —Ross, 1944:133 [to synonymy]. —Kelley, 1984:438 [as subgenus].

Oxytrichia Mosely, 1939c:289 [Type species: Oxyethira mirabilis Morton 1904, original designation]. —Kimmins, 1966:114 [type species returned to Oxyethira, thus synonymizing genus]. —Kelley, 1984:440 [review, as subgenus].

Mesotrichia Kelley, 1984:458 [Type species: Oxyethira jamaicensis Flint 1968a, original designation, as subgenus]. —Özdikmen, 2007:444 [preoccupied by Mesotrichia Westwood, 1838, in Hymenoptera, Apidae].

Tanytrichia Kelley 1984:459 [Type species: Oxyethira longissima Flint 1974c, original designation, as subgenus].

Dactylotrichia Kelley, 1984:459 [Type species: Oxyethira santiagensis Flint 1982a, original designation, as subgenus].

Kelleyella Özdikmen, 2007:444 [Type species: Oxyethira jamaicensis Flint, 1968a; replacement name for Mesotrichia Kelley, 1984; as subgenus].

This cosmopolitan and diverse genus of Hydroptilinae contains almost 100 species in the Neotropics alone. In the New World, Oxyethira species occur in North, Central and South America (including the Chilean Subregion), and the Greater and Lesser Antilles. Kelley (1984) reviewed the genus and placed its included species in several subgenera, although some of the Neotropical species are unplaced to subgenus.

The distinctive larvae and their silken bottle-shaped cases are well known, but only for a few of the Neotropical species (Nielsen 1948, Wiggins 1996, Angrisano, 1995a). Larvae of the North American and European species are usually found in lentic waters among aquatic vascular plants and filamentous algae (Nielsen 1948, Wiggins 1996), but elsewhere they are also known from lotic waters (Wells 1985). They feed by puncturing the cells of filamentous algae and feeding on the contents, but diatoms and entire algal filaments have been found in the gut (Wiggins 1996).

absona (unplaced) Flint, 1991:51 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada La Cebolla, El Retiro; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

acegua (Dactylotrichia) Angrisano, 1995b:510 [Type locality; Uruguay, Cerro Largo, Sa. de Acegua; FHCU; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist].

Distribution. Uruguay.

aculea (Dampfitrichia) Ross, 1941:53 [Type locality; United States, Oklahoma, Honey Creek, Turner Falls State Park; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:204 [distribution]. —Kelley and Morse, 1982:266 [♀]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [biology]. —Bowles et al., 2007:22 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

alaluz (Dampfitrichia) Botosaneanu, 1980:112 [Type locality: Cuba, Jardin Botanique de Soledad, Cienfuegos, Prov. Las Villas; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:50 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:87 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

albaeaquae (Kelleyella) Botosaneanu, 1995:30 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Salto Aqua Blanca, Rio Grande, 3km from Convento; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:41 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:87 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:41 [distribution; to Mesotrichia]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

andina (Oxytrichia) Kelley, 1983:52 [Type locality: Argentina, Rio Negro Prov., Rio Guillelmo, Villa Mascardi; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

apinolada (Oxytrichia) Holzenthal and Harris, 1992:157 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja, Quebrada Agua Apinolada, 10.759°N, 85.292°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

arantala (Oxytrichia) Oláh and Johanson, 2011:130 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., creek crossing rd. Juan Guerra-Chazuta, 14 km (rd.) E Colombia Bridge, 6°35.594'S, 76°13.172'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

arctodactyla (Dactylotrichia) Kelley, 1983:43 [Type locality: Venezuela, Merida State, Mucujun Valley, 19 km NE Merida; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

argentinensis (incertae sedis) Flint, 1982a:45 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Buenos Aires, Arroyo Pescado, Rt. 11, 15km E La Plata; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1982c:42 [distribution]. —Kelley, 1984:442 [incertae sedis]. —Angrisano, 1995a:34 [larva]. —Angrisano, 1995b:510 [distribution]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:36 [♂; distribution; as Oxyethira argentiniensis].

Distribution. Argentina, Uruguay.

arizona (Dampfitrichia) Ross, 1948a:202 [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Pinal County, Superior, in Boyce Thompson Arboretum; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:204 [distribution]. —Kelley and Morse, 1982:263 [♀]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:62 [distribution; as arizonica]. —Botosaneanu, 1989a:101 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1992:172 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist, as arizonensis]. —Keiper and Walton, 1999:214 [larva; biology]. —Maes, 1999:1194 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:87 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:44 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:305 [biology]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:5 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, U.S.A.

azteca (Loxotrichia) (Mosely), 1937:165 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Dolores; BMNH; ♂; in Loxotrichia]. —Flint, 1968b:55 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Flint, 1974c:66 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:205 [distribution]. —Flint, 1981a:30 [♂; distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:62 [distribution]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:488 [♂; female/; distribution]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1992:172 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:539 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:202 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:27 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:57 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:99 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:401 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:88 [checklist]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:22 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:131 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Grenada, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela, U.S.A.

baritu (Dactylotrichia) Angrisano, 1995a:30 [Type locality: Argentina, Salta, Parque Nacional Baritú; MACN; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina.

bettyae (Tanytrichia) Thomson and Holzenthal, 2012:29 [Type locality: Venezuela, Guárico, UCV San Nicolasito Field Station, 08°8.296'N, 66°24.459'W, el. 62 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Souza et al., 2013b:586 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:51 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Venezuela.

bicornuta (Tanytrichia) Kelley, 1983:45 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas State, Igarape do Mendu, nr. Manaus; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2009:36 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:51 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

bidentata (Oxytrichia) Mosely, 1934b:155 [Type locality: Argentina, Lake Correntoso, Terr. Rio Negro; BMNH; ♂]. —Mosely, 1939c:289 [to Oxytrichia]. —Flint, 1974e:88 [checklist, to Oxyethira]. —Kelley, 1984:440 [to subgenus Oxytrichia]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist]. —Muzón et al., 2005: 57 [distribution]. —Miserendino and Brand, 2007:312 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:35 [biology]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:132 [distribution]. —Brand et al., 2012:90 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

brasiliensis (incertae sedis) Kelley, 1983:49 [Type locality: Brazil, Para State, Rio Cururu, area of Missao Cururu; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:35 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2009:36 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:51 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

campesina (Dampfitrichia) Botosaneanu, 1977:275 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Baire, Rio Mogote; NMNH; ♂]. —Kumanski, 1987:26 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:51 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:87 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

circaverna (Dampfitrichia) Kelley, 1983:50 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Madden Dam; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1992a:174 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:539 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1995a:30 [larva; case; distribution]. —Angrisano, 1995b:510 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:87 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:34 [♂; distribution]. —Santos et al., 2009:42 [distribution]. —Manzo et al., 2014:166 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:51 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Curacao, Ecuador, Panama, Uruguay.

cirrifera (Dampfitrichia) Flint, 1964a:57 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Maricao, at fish hatchery; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1968a:42 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Flint, 1968b:38 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:50 [distribution]. —Kelley and Morse, 1982:258 [to synonymy of Oxyethira arizona]. —Kumanski, 1987:26 [♀; distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1991a:130 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:16 [resurrected]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:41 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:43 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [distribution; as synonym of Oxyethira arizona]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico.

colombiensis (Tanytrichia) Kelley, 1983:44 [Type locality: Colombia, Valle Dept., Rio Raposo; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

copina (Loxotrichia) Angrisano, 1995a:32 [Type locality: Argentina, Cordoba, Copina; MACN; ♂; larva; case]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina.

costaricensis (Dactylotrichia) Kelley, 1983:44 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Heredia Prov., Los Cartagos; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:62 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

cuernuda (Tanytrichia) Holzenthal and Harris, 1992:157 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Pizote, 5 km (air) S Brasilia, 10.972°N, 85.345°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

culebra (Oxytrichia) Holzenthal and Harris, 1992:160 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Pizote, 5 km (air) S Brasilia, 10.972°N, 85.345°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

dactylonedys (Dactylotrichia) Kelley, 1983:42 [Type locality: Paraguay, Amambay Dept., Rio Aquidaban, Cerro Cora; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist].

Distribution. Paraguay.

dalmeria (Loxotrichia) (Mosely), 1937:166 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Esmeralda; BMNH; ♂; in Loxotrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:205 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

desadorna (Oxytrichia) Moulton and Harris, 1997:499 [Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Municipio de Santiago, spring along road above Cola de Caballo; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

discaelata (Dampfitrichia) Kelley, 1983:48 [Type locality: Venezuela, Bolivar State, Morichal Tauca, 22km E Rio Caura; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2009:36 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:51 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Venezuela.

espinada (Tanytrichia) Holzenthal and Harris, 1992:160 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Pizote, 5 km N Dos Ríos, 10.948°N, 85.291°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2009:36 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:51 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Costa Rica.

florida (Dampfitrichia) Denning, 1947c:12 [Type locality: United States, Florida, Miami; CAS; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:40, 51 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Kelley and Morse, 1982:266 [♀]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:87 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba, U.S.A.

garifosa (Dampfitrichia) Moulton and Harris, 1997:496 [Type locality: Mexico, Tamaulipas, Municipio de Ciudad Victoria, Arroyo los Troncones, Ejido La Libertad, ca. 10 km NW Victoria; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

geminata (Kelleyella) Flint and Sykora, 2004:41 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, 11.5 km S of Constanza (1 km N El Convento), 18°51.7'N, 70°41.0'W, el. 1410 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

glasa (Argyrobothrus) (Ross), 1941:70 [Type locality: United States, Oklahoma, Honey Creek, Turner Falls State Park; INHS; ♂; in Loxotrichia]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:40, 50 [♂; distribution]. —Kelley and Morse, 1982:264 [♀]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:63 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1992:173 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Maes, 1999:1194 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:87 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:5 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Cuba, Nicaragua, Panama, U.S.A.

hilosa (Tanytrichia) Holzenthal and Harris, 1992:163 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Pizote, 5 km (air) S Brasilia, 10.972°N, 85.345°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria, 1999:117 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:43 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama.

hozosa (unplaced) Harris and Davenport, 1999:35 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, Rio Yanamono just below Explorama Lodge; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

hyalina (incertae sedis) Müller, 1879b:143 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina; MNRJ; larval case; in Lagenopsyche]. —Ulmer 1905d:74 [to Oxyethira]. —Ulmer, 1957:172 [bibliography]. —Kelley, 1984:442 [incertae sedis]. —Angrisano, 1999:35 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2009:36 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:52 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

inaequispina (Oxytrichia) Flint, 1990:118 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. El Loa, brook of Toconao; IRSNB; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

jamaicensis (Kelleyella) Flint, 1968a:44 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Hope River near Newcastle at mile post 16.5; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:89 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

janella (Loxotrichia) Denning, 1948a:397 [Type locality: United States, Florida, Winter Park; CAS; ♂]. —Flint, 1968a:42 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Flint, 1968b:52 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:205 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:50 [distribution]. —Kelley and Morse, 1982:261 [♀]. —Malicky, 1983:264 [distribution]. —Kumanski, 1987:27 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:63 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1989a:101 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1990a:47 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1991a:132 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1992:173 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:539 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:57 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:42 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1995:32 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:98 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:16 [distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:41 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:256 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:88 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:43 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:55 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Bowles et al., 2007:22 [distribution; biology]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

—neglecta (Loxotrichia) Flint, 1964a:57 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Maricao, fish hatchery; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1968a:42 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Barbados [?], Costa Rica [?], Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique [?], Mexico, Panama [?], Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, U.S.A. [records from Central America likely Oxyethira tica].

kerek (Dactylotrichia) Oláh and Johanson, 2011:132 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., Rio Negro, 37 km (rd.) W Moyobamba, near Olmos-Tarapoto rd., 6°00.278'S, 77°15.437'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

lagunita (Dampfitrichia) Flint, 1980b:142 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Entre Rios, Arroyo P. Verne, 4 km N Villa San José; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1982c:42 [distribution]. —Kelley, 1984:440 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1995b:510 [distribution]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:36 [♂; distribution]. —Santos et al., 2009:36 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:52 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

longipenis (unplaced) Santos, Henriques-Oliveira and Nessimian, 2009:40 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, tributary to Rio Cuieiras, 02°42'25.1"S, 60°22'28.2"W; INPA; ♂; not placed in subgenus, but compared with species in Oxyethira (Oxitrichia)]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:52 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

longispinosa (Dampfitrichia) Kumanski, 1987:29 [Type locality: Cuba, Province Pinar del Rio, Rio El Ballio near Isabel Rubio village, or Rio Esmeralda near Vinales; NMSB, ♂]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:16 [distribution; as mirebalina or longispinosa]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba, Jamaica[?].

longissima (Tanytrichia) Flint, 1974c:66 [Type locality: Suriname, Republiek; RNH; ♂]. —Santos et al. 2009:42 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:52 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

luanae (Tanytrichia) Santos, Henriques-Oliveira and Nessimian, 2009:37 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, tributary to Igarapé da Cachoeira, basin of Rio Cuieiras, 02°41'46.0"S, 60°17'42.7"W; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:52 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

macrosterna (Tanytrichia) Flint, 1974c:67 [Type locality: Suriname, Nickerie River, Blanche Marie, falls in creek; RNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2009:42 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:134 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:52 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname.

maryae (Oxytrichia) Kelley, 1983:53 [Type locality: Colombia, Meta Dept, Refugio Macarena; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

matadero (Dactylotrichia) Harper and Turcotte, 1985:138 [Type locality: Ecuador, small stream, outlet of Laguna Verde Cocha, near junction with Rio Matadero, Chirimachay, Quinuas Valley; UMQ; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

maya (Dampfitrichia) Denning, 1947c:16 [Type locality: United States, Georgia, Macon; CAS; ♂]. —Kelley and Morse, 1982:263 [♀]. —Kelley, 1984:440 [distribution]. —Flint et al., 2003:34 [♀; distribution; introduced to Hawaii]. —Bowles et al., 2007:22 [distribution; biology]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:6 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, Panama, U.S.A.

merga (Tanytrichia) Kelley, 1983:45 [Type locality: Venezuela, Bolivar State, Rio Cuyuni, El Dorado; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1992d:70 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2009:36 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:52 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Venezuela.

mirebalina (Dampfitrichia) Botosaneanu, 1991a:130 [Type locality: Haiti, Département de l’Ouest, Grande rivière d l’Artibonite à Mirebalais; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 1995:29 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:16 [distribution; as mirebalina or longispinosa]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:41 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:87 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:41 [distribution; ♀ allotype is actually Oxyethira simulatrix]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica [?].

misionensis (Dactylotrichia) Angrisano, 1995a:30 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, Posadas; MACN; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina.

mocoi (unplaced) Angrisano, 1995a:34 [Type locality: Argentina, Entre Rios, Parque Nacional El Palmar; MACN; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:35 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:38 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

nyultka (Tanytrichia) Oláh and Johanson, 2011:134 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°32.833'N, 52° 11.452'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

obscura (Oxytrichia) Flint, 1974c:69 [Type locality: Suriname, Suriname River, Botopasie; RNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1995b:510 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist].

Distribution. Suriname, Uruguay.

orellanai (Tanytrichia) Harris and Davenport, 1992:465 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, Rio Sucusari just up stream from Explornapo Camp; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

ortizorum (Kelleyella) Botosaneanu, 1995:29 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Arroyo el Dulce, sección Manavao-Los Dajaos of Jarabacoa; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:88 [checklist]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:41 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:41 [distribution; to subgenus Mesotrichia]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

parazteca (Loxotrichia) Kelley, 1983:53 [Type locality: Ecuador, Cotopaxi Prov., 133km W Latacunga; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:63 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1992:173 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador.

parce (Loxotrichia) (Edwards and Arnold), 1961:405 [Type locality: United States, Texas, Caldwell Co., San Marcos River; type destroyed; ♂; in Protoptila]. —Flint, 1991:51 [♂; distribution]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:487 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1992:173 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:99 [distribution]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:88 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Viloria, 2002:108 [distribution]. —Blahnik et al. 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Muzón et al., 2005: 57 [distribution]. —Santos et al., 2009:36 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín, 2011:9 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:52 [checklist]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad, Venezuela, U.S.A.

paritentacula (Tanytrichia) Kelley, 1983:45 [Type locality: Belize, Cayo Dist., Rio Privassion, Blancaneaux Lodge; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Belize.

peruviana (unplaced) Harris and Davenport, 1999:33 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, tributary to Rio Yanamono at Explorama Lodge; NMNH; ♂]. —Santos et al., 2009:43 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:53 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Peru.

petei (Oxytrichia) Angrisano, 1995a:29 [Type locality: Argentina, Entre Rios, Parque Nacional el Palmar; MACN; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:36 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

picita (unplaced) Harris and Davenport, 1999:35 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, edge of Rio Sucusari backwater, adjoining Explornapo Camp; NMNH; ♂]. —Santos et al., 2009:43 [distribution]. —Thomson and Holzenthal, 2012:29 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:53 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Peru, Venezuela.

poapi (unplaced) Angrisano and Sganga, 2009:67 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, Parque Provincial Salto Encantado; MACN; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

presilla (unplaced) Harris and Davenport, 1999:29 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, Yanamono Creek at jungle’s edge, near Explorama Lodge; NMNH; ♂]. —Santos et al., 2009:43 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:53 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Peru.

puertoricensis (Loxotrichia) Flint, 1964a:55 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Maricao, at fish hatchery; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; case]. —Flint, 1968a:40 [distribution]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1991a:132 [distrubution]. —Botosaneanu, 1995:32 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist, as quelinda]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:17 [distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:41 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:88 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:44 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

—quelinda (Loxotrichia) (Botosaneanu), 1977:267 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Baracoa, Rio Sabanilla; NMNH; ♂; in Loxotrichia]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:50 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1995:32 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico.

quinquaginta (incertae sedis) Kelley, 1983:54 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza Prov., Puyo; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

quiramae (Dactylotrichia) Thomson and Holzenthal, 2012:31 [Type locality: Venezuela, Guárico, UCV San Nicolasito Field Station, 08°8.296'N, 66°24.459'W, el. 62 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

rareza (unplaced) Holzenthal and Harris, 1992:163 [Type locality Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Pizote, 5 km N Dos Ríos, 10.948°N, 85.291°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

redunca (unplaced) Thomson and Holzenthal, 2012:33 [Type locality: Venezuela, Bolívar, Gran Sabana, E. Pauji, “Río Curvita”, 4°31.237'N, 61°31.591'W, el. 869 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

ritae (Loxotrichia) Angrisano, 1995b:510 [Type locality: Uruguay, Paysandu, Sta. Rita; FHCU; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist].

Distribution. Uruguay.

santiagensis (Dactylotrichia) Flint, 1982a:46 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Buenos Aires, Rio Santiago, Palo Blanco, Berisso; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1982c:43 [distribution]. —Kelley, 1984:442 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1995b:511 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2009:37 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:53 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

scaeodactyla (Dactylotrichia) Kelley, 1983:42 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza Prov., Puyo; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

scopulina (Kelleyella) Flint and Sykora, 2004:43 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Peravia Province, 3 km SW La Nuez, upper Rio Las Cuevas, 18°40'N, 70°36'W, el. 1850 m; CMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

sencilla (Tanytrichia) Holzenthal and Harris, 1992:165 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Pizote, 5 km N Dos Ríos, 10.948°N, 85.291°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

sierruca (unplaced) Holzenthal and Harris, 1992:165 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Quebrada Garcia, 10.6 km ENE Quebrada Grande, 10.862°N, 85.428°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:6 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

simanka (unplaced) Oláh and Johanson, 2011:135 [Type locality: Ecuador, Wild Sumaco, near Pacto Sumaco; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

simulatrix (Dampfitrichia) Flint, 1968a:43 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Fresh River, Ferry; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:63 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Harris, 1992:174 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:16 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1194 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:88 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:44 [distribution taxonomic, remarks]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:6 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

—simulatrix cubana Kumanski, 1987:27 [Type locality: Cuba, Province Pinar del Rio, Rio El Ballio, near Isabel Rubio village, or Rio Esmeralda in the vicinity of Viñales; NMSB; ♂; ♀; as Orthotrichia sp.]. —Botosaneanu, 1991a:130 [distribution; ♀ attributed is undoubtedly tega]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:16 [distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:41 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:88 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:44 [to synonymy]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:55 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

—mirebalina Botosaneanu, 1991a:130, part [Type locality: Haiti; ♀ allotype, misidentification of Oxyethira simulatrix sensu Flint and Sykora, 2004].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, U.S.A.

sinistra (unplaced) Santos, Henriques-Oliveira and Nessimian, 2009:40 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Igarapé Arumã, tributary to Rio Cuieiras, 02°30'55.2"S, 60°15'44.4"W; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:53 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

spirogyrae (incertae sedis) Müller, 1879b:143 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina; MNRJ; case; larva; in Lagenopsyche]. —Müller, 1887b:339 [to Oxyethira]. —Ulmer, 1957:172 [bibliography]. —Kelley, 1984:442 [incertae sedis]. —Angrisano, 1999:35 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2009:37 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:53 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

spissa (incertae sedis) Kelley, 1983:48 [Type locality: Brazil, Pará State, Rio Cururu, area of Missao Cururu; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:35 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2009:37 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:53 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

tamandua (unplaced) Angrisano and Sganga, 2009:65 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, Parque Provincial Salto Encantado; MACN; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

tega antillularum (Dampfitrichia) Botosaneanu, 1994a:41 [Type locality: Guadeloupe, rivière St-Louis dans les Hauts du Matouba: ZMUA; ♂]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:57 [distribution; as tega]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:88 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:55 [checklist].

—Orthotrichia sp. Malicky, 1983:265 [♀; misidentification of tega, vide Flint and Sykora, 1993:57].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe.

tega tega (Dampfitrichia) Flint, 1968a:44 [Type locality: Jamaica, Trelawny, Martha Brae, near Falmouth; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1968b:56 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1977:273 [variability; distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:50 [distribution]. —Malicky, 1983:264 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:16 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:88 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:45 [distribution; taxonomic remarks]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba, Jamaica, Dominica, Haiti, Hispaniola.

teixeirai (Tanytrichia) Harris and Davenport, 1992:470 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, small tributary to the Rio Sucusari at Explornapo Camp; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

tica (Loxotrichia) Holzenthal and Harris, 1992:168 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Quebrada El Duende near La Casona, 10.838°N, 85.614°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:202 [distribution; ecology]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:27 [♂; distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:43 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:98 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:256 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:88 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:44 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:366 [distribution]. —Santos et al., 2009:43 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:137 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:53 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad, Venezuela.

torza (unplaced) Oláh and Johanson, 2011:137 [Type locality: French Guiana, Roura, Cacao, 4°33.639'N, 52°24.629'W, el. 66 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

tuveva (Tanytrichia) Oláh and Johanson, 2011:138 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°32.833'N, 52°11.452'W, el. 77 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

ulmeri (Dampfitrichia) (Mosely), 1937:169 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Dolores; BMNH; ♂; in Dampfitrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:205 [distribution]. —Kelley and Morse, 1982:267 [♀]. —Angrisano, 1995b:510 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [distribution—Bowles et al., 2007:22 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín, 2011:9 [♂; distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Mexico, Uruguay, U.S.A.

unispina (Oxytrichia) Flint, 1974c:67 [Type locality: Suriname, Republiek; RNH; ♂]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:140 [taxonomic remarks; under sugenus Dampfitrichia].

Distribution. Suriname.

vaina (unplaced) Harris and Davenport, 1999:33 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, edge of Rio Sucusari backwater, adjoining Explornapo Camp; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

vaza (Dampfitrichia) Oláh and Johanson, 2011:140 [Type locality: French Guiana, Roura, Cacao, 4°33.639'N, 52°24.629'W, el. 66 m; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

vipera (Oxytrichia) Kelley, 1983:50 [Type locality: Chile, Valdavia Prov., S of Valdavia; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:141 [distribution].

Distribution. Chile.

zilaba (Loxotrichia) (Mosely), 1939a:238 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; BMNH; ♂; in Loxotrichia]. —Angrisano, 1995b:510 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:34 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:36 [♂; distribution]. —Santos et al. 2009:37 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:54 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay.

Genus Peltopsyche Müller [6]

Peltopsyche Müller, 1879b:144 [Type species: Peltopsyche sieboldii Müller, 1879b, subsequent selection of Fischer, 1961]. —Ulmer, 1957:172 [bibliography, discussion]. —Flint et al., 1999b:118 [discussion].

Abtrichia Mosely, 1939a:224 [Type species: Abtrichia antennata Mosely 1939, original designation]. —Santos et al., 2016a:472 [to synonymy].

The genus was established on the basis of two species collected by Müller from the Province of Santa Catarina in southern Brazil. Only a few larval features and basal antennal segments of the males were figured. Santos et al. (2016) synonymized Abtrichia with Peltopsyche based on larvae, pupae, and pharate adults and matching the figures and features provided by Müller.

Larvae of Peltopsyche antennata (as Abtrichia) have been described by Flint (1972b) and are distinguished by the papillae on the head. They are found in small and medium sized, fast-flowing streams and rivers, on rocks and boulders. They probably feed on organic matter they scrape from the substrate adjacent to their cases. Angrisano (2002) described the pupa of Peltopsyche antennata (as Abtrichia antennata).

antennata (Mosely), 1939a:227 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; BMNH; ♂; in Abtrichia]. —Flint, 1972b:233 [♂; larva; distribution; in Abtrichia]. —Angrisano, 1995b:505 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 2002:406 [pupa]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:29 [♂; larva; pupa; distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Oláh and Flint, 2012:138 [distribution]. —Souza et al., 2013b:585 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:39 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2016a:472 [to Peltopsyche].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

epara (Oláh and Flint), 2012:139 [Type locality: Argentina, Tucumán Province, South of Concepción; NMNH; /male; in Abtrichia]. —Santos et al., 2016a:472 [to Peltopsyche].

Distribution. Argentina.

sieboldii Müller, 1879b:144 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Garcia, Encano, and Warnow Rivers, tributaries of the Itajahy River; MNRJ (cases only); case; ♂; antenna; larva]. —Müller, 1880a:133 [larval case]. —Müller, 1880b:83 [larval case]. —Müller, 1921:386 [♂, antenna]. —Ulmer, 1957:172 [bibliography; possibly Abtrichia antennata]. —Angrisano, 1999:35 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:54 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

squamosa (Mosely), 1939a:226 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; BMNH; ♂; in Abtrichia]. —Angrisano, 1999:31 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:4 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:10 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:365 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:14 [checklist]. —Oláh and Flint, 2012:140 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:39 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2016a:472 [to Peltopsyche].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

vegosa (Oláh and Flint), 2012:140 [Type locality: Paraguay, 2 km South, Cerro Cora; NMNH; ♂; in Abtrichia]. —Santos et al., 2016a:472 [to Peltopsyche].

Distribution. Brazil, Paraguay.

veva (Oláh and Johanson), 2011:153 [Type locality: French Guiana, Maripasoula, Lawa River: Maripasoula, 3°37.959'N, 54°1.426'W, el. 83 m; NHRS; ♂; in Abtrichia]. —Oláh and Flint, 2012:140 [distribution]. —Santos et al., 2016a:472 [to Peltopsyche].

Distribution. French Guiana, Guyana.

Genus Ragatrichia Oláh and Johanson [5]

Ragatrichia Oláh and Johanson, 2011:239 [Type species: Ragatrichia ragada Oláh and Johanson, 2011, original designation].

This is a recently described genus containing five species, two newly described and three others transferred from different genera: Metrichia dietzi Flint, 1974; Rhyacopsyche garuhape Angrisano and Sganga, 2009; and Rhyacopsyche yatay Angrisano, 1989. Immatures and cases were described for Ragatrichia yatay (Angrisano, 2002) (as Rhyacopsyche yatay).

angrisanae Oláh and Johanson, 2011:240 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

dietzi (Flint), 1974c:63 [Type locality: Guyana, Rockstone, Essequibo River; NMNH; ♂; in Ochrotrichia (Metrichia)]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:240 [to Ragatrichia; distribution].

Distribution. French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname.

garuhape (Angrisano and Sganga), 2009:63 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones: Parque Provincial Salto Encantado; MACN; in Rhyacopsyche]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:243 [to Ragatrichia].

Distribution. Argentina.

ragada Oláh and Johanson, 2011:242 [Type locality: French Guiana, Approuaguekaw, Kaw Mt, 4°33.035'N, 52°11.661'W, el. 104 m; NHRM; ♂].

Distribution. French Guiana.

yatay (Angrisano), 1989:157 [Type locality: Argentina, Entre Rios, Parque Nacional el Palmar; MACN; ♂; ♀; in Rhyacopsyche]. —Angrisano, 1999:35 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 2002:402 [larva; pupa; case; biology; taxonomic remarks]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:31 [♂; larva; distribution]. —Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:21 [♂; illustrations after Angrisano, 1989]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:242 [to Ragatrichia].

Distribution. Argentina.

Genus Rhyacopsyche Müller [28]

Rhyacopsyche Müller, 1879a:40 [nomen nudum]. —Müller, 1879b:143 [Type species: Rhyacopsyche hagenii Müller, 1879b; by monotypy]. —Müller, 1880a:121. —Müller, 1880b:72. —Flint, 1971a:516 [definition; revision]. —Angrisano, 2002:403 [taxonomic remarks]. —Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:5 [revision, key to species].

Müller (1879a) mentioned the generic name Rhyacopsyche for a Brazilian species, which was subsequently (1879b) named hagenii, and described from larval cases only. The first description of the adults and larvae was later published by Thienemann (1905a), and a detailed description of the genus was given by Flint (1971a) and again by Wasmund and Holzenthal (2007). Rhyacopsyche species are primarily Central and South American in distribution, and are placed in the Ochrotrichiini.

Larvae of three species have been described: Rhyacopsyche hagenii by Thienemann (1905a), Rhyacopsyche mexicana by Flint (1971a), and Rhyacopsyche mutisi by Mey and Joost (1990). They construct silken cases attached by silken stalk to a solid substrate in fast flowing water. The attached cases, either singly or in clusters, float freely in the current. At pupation the stalk is shortened and thickened so that the case stands out stiffly from the substrate (Wasmund and Holzenthal 2007). The larval food is unknown.

andina Flint, 1991:61 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada la Agudelo, 2km E El Retiro; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:397 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist]. —Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:7 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Colombia, Peru, Venezuela.

angra Santos, Jardim and Nessimian, 2011:817 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis, 23°00'23"S, 44°29'15"W, el. 40 m; DZRJ; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:54 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

benwa Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:8 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Manu, Pakitza, el. 250 m; MHNJP; ♂].

Distribution. Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru.

bulbosa Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:8 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, municipal water supply, el. 950 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Dumas et al., 2009:366 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:54 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

bunkotala Oláh and Johanson, 2011:244 [Type locality: Ecuador, Wild Sumaco, near Pacto Sumaco; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

chichotla Bueno-Soria and Hamilton, 1986:303 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, 7km NE Huautla de Jimenez; NMNH; ♂]. —Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:9 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Mexico.

colei Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:9 [Type locality: Venezuela, Lara, Parque Nacional Dinira, Quebrada Buenos Aires, 09°36'24"N, 70°04'11"W, el. 1850 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

colombiana Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:10 [Type locality: Colombia, Valle Del Cauca, Municipio El Cerrito, Rio Cerrito 7.1 km E. Hacienda “El Paraiso”, 03°38'59"N, 76°09'10"W, el. 1950 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Colombia.

colubrinosa Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:11 [Type locality: Peru, Cuzco, Paucartambo to Pilcopata Rd. streamlet 50 m E Quiacalzón, 13°01.57'S, 71°29.97'W, el. 1050 m; MHNJP; ♂; ♀]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:244 [checklist].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru.

diacantha Santos, Jardim and Nessimian, 2011:815 [Type locality: Brazil, Pará, Parauapebas (Área de Proteção Ambiental do Igarapé Gelado, Barragem do Gelado, 05°57'56"S, 50°13'00"W, el. 224 m; DZRJ; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:54 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

dikrosa Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:11 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Pedregulho, 140 km NE Ribeirão Preto; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Dumas et al., 2009:366 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:16 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:55 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

duplicispina Flint, 1996a:91 [Type locality: Tobago, Bridge B1/5, 6.5 km N Roxborough; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:89 [checklist]. —Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:12 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Tobago.

flinti Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:13 [Type locality: Venezuela, Guárico, Parque Nacional Guatopo, Queb. Guatopo, 0.5 km N Est. La Colina, 10°0'50"N, 66°21'47"W, el. 600 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

hagenii Müller, 1879b:143 [Type locality: Brazil; MNRJ; larval and pupal cases]. —Thienemann, 1905a:287 [larva; ♂]. —Müller, 1921:525 [larva]. —Ulmer, 1957:172, 187 [literature; key to larval genus]. —Angrisano, 1995b:509 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1999:35 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:6 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:367 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:16 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:55 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina; Brazil, Uruguay.

hajtoka Oláh and Johanson, 2011:245 [Type locality: Ecuador, Alambi; OPC; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

hasta Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:13 [Type locality: Peru, Cuzco, Paucartambo to Pilcopata rd., streamlet 50 m E Quiacalzón, 13°01.57’ S, 71°29.97’ W, el. 1050 m; MHNJP; ♂]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:247 [checklist].

Distribution. Peru.

intraspira Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:14 [Type locality: Peru, Cuzco, Paucartambo to Pilcopata rd., Rio San Pedro at Puente San Pedro, 13°03.30'S, 71°32.78'W, el. 1445 m; MHNJP; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

jimena Flint, 1991:59 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada la Jimenez, Sopetran; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist]. —Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:14 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Colombia.

matthiasi Flint, 1991:61 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Urrao; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist]. —Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:15 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Colombia.

mexicana (Flint), 1967b:12 [Type locality: Mexico, Vera Cruz, Rio Tacolapan; NMNH; ♂; in Metrichia]. —Flint, 1971a:519 [♂; ♀; larva; case; distribution; to Rhyacopsyche]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:205 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1195 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist]. —Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:15 [♂; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua.

mutisi Mey and Joost, 1990:134 [Type locality: Colombia, Dept. Tolima, Mariquita, Rio Medina; KMUL; ♂; ♀; larva; case]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist]. —Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:16 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Colombia.

obliqua Flint, 1971a:523 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Fortin de las Flores; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:205 [distribution]. —Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:16 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Mexico.

peruviana Flint, 1975:568 [Type locality: South-Peru, Sivia; ZSZMH; ♂; ♀]. —Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:18 [♂; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru.

rhamphisa Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:19 [Type locality: Colombia, Valle Del Cauca, Municipio El Cerrito, Rio Cerrito 7.1 kms E. Hacienda “El Paraiso”, 03°38'59"N, 076°09'10"W, el. 1950 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:248 [distribution].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Peru.

shorti Thomson and Holzenthal, 2012:36 [Type locality: Venezuela, Bolívar, Gran Sabana, E. Pauji, “Río Curvita”, 4°31.237'N, 61°31.591'W, el. 869 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

tanylobosa Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:19 [Type locality: Venezuela, Barinas, Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada, Queb. San Juan in Sta. Rosa, 08°27.87'N, 070°50.92'W, el. 1000 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela.

torulosa Flint, 1971a:521 [Type locality: Guatemala, Escuintla, Rio Metapa, 10km SE Escuintla; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:63 [distribution]. —Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:20 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala.

turrialbae Flint, 1971a:523 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Chitaria; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:63 [distribution]. —Wasmund and Holzenthal, 2007:21 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

Genus Scelobotrichia Harris and Bueno-Soria [3]

Scelobotrichia Harris and Bueno-Soria, 1993:75 [Type species: Scelobotrichia contrerasi Harris and Bueno-Soria, 1993, original designation]. —Bowles et al., 1999:47 [larva; taxonomic remarks]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2011:142 [taxonomic remarks].

The genus Scelobotrichia was erected for a small group of species from Mexico, similar to a species then considered to be an aberrant member of Alisotrichia. It was originally placed in the Stactobiinae (Harris and Bueno-Soria 1993), but recent study has shown that it, and related genera, are better placed in the Leucotrichiinae, tribe Alisotrichiini (Bowles et al. 1999; Santos et al. 2016a). Adults are typically collected on rocks or vegetation at the sides of waterfalls or turbulent streams. The larvae of Scelobotrichia contrerasi and Scelobotrichia profunda have been described (Bowles et al. 1999). They do not build cases.

contrerasi Harris and Bueno-Soria, 1993:77 [Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Municipio de Santiago, roadside waterfall near Cola de Caballo, 3 km SW Cieneguilla; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Bowles et al., 1999:47 [larva].

Distribution. Mexico.

profunda Harris and Bueno-Soria, 1993:78 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Rio en Barranca, Ruta Taxco-Teloloapan; IBUNAM; male/; ♀]. —Bowles et al., 1999:48 [larva].

Distribution. Mexico.

quemada (Flint), 1970:28 [Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosi, Rancho Quemado, Rt. 85, 6 km S Tamazunchale; NMNH; ♂; in Alisotrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:200 [distribution]. —Harris and Bueno-Soria, 1993:80 [♂; to Scelobotrichia].

Distribution. Mexico.

Genus Taraxitrichia Flint and Harris [1]

Taraxitrichia Flint and Harris, 1991:411 [Type species: Taraxitrichia amazonensis Flint and Harris, 1991, original designation]. —Pes and Hamanda, 2003:2 [larva; cases; biology; distribution].

The genus Taraxitrichia was established for a single species of microcaddisfly collected near Puerto Ayacucho, Venezuela. The genus is one of four genera placed in the exclusively New World subfamily Neotrichiinae. The adults were taken at lights placed near clear, fast-flowing streams.

Pes and Hamanda (2003) described the immatures of an unknown species collected in streams located in an open area where the forest had been cleared for road construction near Manaus, Brazil. Larvae and pupae were only collected in association with freshwater sponges (genera Metania and Spongilla), and the sponge spicules were incorporated and could be identified in the larval cases (Pes and Hamanda 2003).

amazonensis Flint and Harris, 1991:411 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Rio Cataniapo, 10 km S Puerto Ayacucho; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Brazil (tentative), Venezuela.

Genus Tizatetrichia Harris, Flint and Holzenthal [1]

Tizatetrichia Harris, Flint and Holzenthal, 2002a:55 [Type species: Tizatetrichia costaricensis, original designation].

Tizatetrichia was established for a single species from the Río Tizate, Costa Rica. The genus was placed in the Stactobiinae and is most closely related to Bredinia (Harris et al. 2002a). Female and immature stages are unknown.

costaricensis Harris, Flint and Holzenthal, 2002a:51 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Río Tizate, 7.2 km NE Canãs Dulces, 10.773°N, 85.449°W, el. 275 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

Genus Tricholeiochiton Kloet and Hincks [1]

Leiochiton Guinard, 1879:139 [Type species Leiochiton fagesii Guinard, 1879, by monotypy; preoccupied by Leiochiton Curtis, 1831, in Coleoptera]

Tricholeiochiton Kloet and Hincks, 1944:97 [Type species: Leiochiton fagesii Guinard 1879, by monotypy; replacement name for Leiochiton Guinard 1879]. —Wells, 1982:251 [revision, Australian species].

This member of the subfamily Hydroptilinae occurs in Europe and southeast Asia (Marshall 1979), with its greatest diversity in Australia. A single species from Brazil is the only known representative of Tricholeiochiton in the New World.

Larvae of Tricholeiochiton fagesii and several of the Australian species have been described (Lepneva 1970, Wells 1985). They are found in stagnant or slowly flowing water bodies in plant masses.

neotropicalis Flint, 1992d:70 [Type locality: Brazil, Estado Roraima, Ilha Maraca, Rio Urariocoera; INPA; ♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1999:35 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Ribeiro et al., 2009:34 [list of types]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:55 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

Genus Tupiniquintrichia Santos, Nessimian and Takiya [2]

Tupiniquintrichia Santos, Nessimian and Takiya, 2016a:475 [Type species: Peltopsyche maclachlani Müller, 1879b, original designation].

Tupiniquintrichia was proposed for two species, Tupiniquintrichia maclachlani and Tupiniquintrichia procera, transfferred from Peltopsyche and Leucotrichia, respectively. The genus has all the typical features of Leucotrichiinae, and is defined by several morphological synapomorphies as well as molecular data (Santos et al., 2016a).

maclachlani (Müller), 1879b:144 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Warnow River, tributary of Itajahy River; MNRJ; case; larva; in Peltopsyche]. —Müller, 1880a:133 [larval case]. —Müller, 1880b:83 [larval case]. —Müller, 1921:386 [♂; antenna]. —Ulmer, 1957:172 [bibliography]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:54 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2016a:476 [to Tupiniquintrichia; type status].

Distribution. Brazil.

procera (Thomson and Holzenthal), 2015:37 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Córrego da Serra de Ouro Fino, Vale do Tropeiro, 20°12.371'S, 43°38.581'W, el. 1000 m; MZUSP; ♂; in Leucotrichia]. —Santos et al., 2016a:476 [to Tupiniquintrichia].

Distribution. Brazil.

Genus Zumatrichia Mosely [50]

Zumatrichia Mosely, 1937:187 [Type species: Zumatrichia filosa Mosely, 1937, original designation]. —Flint, 1970:16 [revision].

Zumatrichia is a fairly large monophyletic genus of Leucotrichiinae with 50 species now known in the Neotropics (Santos et al., 2016a). A single species, Zumatrichia notosa (Ross), occurs in the United States; the others occur from Mexico, through Central America, to northern South America, with a couple of species in the Lesser Antilles.

Larvae have been described for Zumatrichia antilliensis, Zumatrichia anomaloptera, Zumatrichia multisetosa, and Zumatrichia notosa (Flint 1968b, 1970, Wiggins 1996). They construct typical leucotrichiine flattened, silken cases with circular openings at the anterior and posterior ends, attached to rocks in fast flowing water. They feed on periphyton reached by extending the head and thorax through one opening or the other in the retreat.

alarca Oláh and Johanson, 2011:164 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., Rio Huallaga tributary, small river passing Chazuta, 6°34.665'S, 76°08.209'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

angulata Flint, 1970:21 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Rovira, David; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:538 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

anomaloptera Flint, 1968b:37 [Type locality: Grenada, Balthazar, NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Malicky, 1983:264 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1988:221 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:201 [distribution; ecology]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:7 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:55 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:37 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:85 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:89 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:45 [distribution].

Distribution. Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Tobago, Trinidad.

antilliensis Flint, 1968b:34 [Type locality: Dominica, Clarke Hall; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; case]. —Malicky, 1983:264 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1988:221 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:54 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:37 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:85 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:256 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:89 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:45 [distribution]. —Oláh and Flint, 2012:177 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Dominica, Ecuador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Panama, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Venezuela.

atmena Oláh and Flint, 2012:177 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua State, Cuyagua, Rio Grande; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

attenuata Flint, 1970:22 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Quebrada Relleno, La Cruzada, E Turrialba; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:63 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:6 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:7 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

befela Oláh and Flint, 2012:179 [Type locality: Venezuela, Barinas State, Rio Santo Domingo, Barinas; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

bevagota Oláh and Flint, 2012:180 [Type locality: Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, Quevedo (36 km Northeast), el. 1100 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

bifida Flint, 1970:21 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San Jose, Rio General, Pacuare; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:63 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:538 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:196 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

caudifera Flint, 1970:23 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Dolega; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:63 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:538 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama.

chiriquiensis Flint, 1970:20 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Dolega; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:64 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:538 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

corosa Oláh and Flint, 2012:181 [Type locality: Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, Quevedo (36 km Northeast), el. 1100 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

dereka Oláh and Flint, 2012:183 [Type locality: Panama, San Blas Province, Rio Carti Grande, 2 km West Nusagandi; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

diamphidia Flint, 1970:21 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, 2.8 miles E Golfito; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:64 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

echinata Flint, 1967b:11 [Type locality: Guatemala, El Progreso, San Agustin Acasaguastlan; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1970:18 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua.

felfesa Oláh and Flint, 2012:184 [Type locality: Venezuela, Zulia State, Perijo El Tucuco, Mission el Tucuco, Rio El Tucuco, 0.5 km from Church; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

fesuka Oláh and Flint, 2012:185 [Type locality: Ecuador, Napo Province, Pano, el. 580 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

filosa Mosely, 1937:187 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Saltenango de la Paz; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1970:23 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:201 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:64 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:4 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1195 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua.

galtena Mosely, 1937:188 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Saltenango de la Paz; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1970:19 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:201 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:64 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:6 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama.

gorba Oláh and Flint, 2012:187 [Type locality: Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchipe Province, Rio Chicana, 9 km North Yanzatza, el. 880 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

gula Oláh and Flint, 2012:188 [Type locality: Venezuela, Barinas State, Rio Santo Domingo, Barinas; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

haroma Oláh and Flint, 2012:189 [Type locality: Venezuela, Barinas State, Puente Parangula, 8 km South Barinitas; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

kerekeda Oláh and Flint, 2012:191 [Type locality: Colombia, Rio Raposo; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

kisgula Oláh and Flint, 2012:192 [Type locality: Ecuador, Napo Province, Lago Agrio (48 km West), Rio Aguarico; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

kislaba Oláh and Flint, 2012:194 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza Province, Puyo (3 km West); NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

koztesa Oláh and Flint, 2012:195 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua State, Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Rio La Trilla, 22.5 km North of Rancho Grande on Road; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

lapa Oláh and Flint, 2012:196 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza Province, Puyo (27 km North), Estacion Fluviometrica; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

lezarda Malicky, 1980:220 [Type locality: Guadeloupe, Mittellauf de Flusses Lezard bei Chemin de Diane; Coll. Malicky; ♂]. —Malicky, 1983:264 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:89 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:55 [checklist].

Distribution. Guadeloupe.

longispina Bueno-Soria, 1983b:454 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Los Tuxtlas area, Rio La Palma; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

marica Flint, 1981a:26 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Maracay, Río Limón, Estacion Piscicultura; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

masa Oláh and Flint, 2012:198 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza Province, Puyo; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

maskara Oláh and Flint, 2012:199 [Type locality: Panama, San Blas Province, Rio Carti Grande, 2 km West Nusagandi; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

maskoska Oláh and Flint, 2012:201 [Type locality: Venezuela, Zula State, Perijo El Tucuco, Mission El Tucuco, Rio El Tucuco, 0.5 km from Church; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

multisetosa Flint, 1970:17 [Type locality: Guatemala, Suchitepequez, Cuyotenango; NMNH; ♂; larva; case]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:201 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:64 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.

nelkula Oláh and Flint, 2012:202 [Type locality: Panama, San Blas Province, Rio Carti Grande, 2 km West Nusagandi; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

palmara Flint, 1970:22 [Type locality: El Salvador, La Libertad, Rio El Palmar, 15 miles N La Libertad; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:64 [distribution]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:484 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru.

picigula Oláh and Flint, 2012:203 [Type locality: Ecuador, Napo Province, Rio Jondachi, el. 950 m, 30 km North Tena; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

rhamphoides Flint, 1970:24 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Rio La Vieja, near Lagarto; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:64 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:538 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

saluda Flint, 1970:19 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, pipeline road, Rio Agua Salud; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:538 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

sima Oláh and Flint, 2012:205 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pichincha Province, Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 14 km East; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

sortetla Oláh and Flint, 2012:206 [Type locality: Panama, Darien Province, Rio Tuira at Rio Pucuro; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

strobilina Flint, 1970:20 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, 3 miles W Turrialba; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:64 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

teapa Flint, 1970:24 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Rio Puyacatengo, E Teapa; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:201 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

teribe Harris and Armitage, 2015:2 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Quebrada Grande, Boquete, Valle Escondido, below Sabor Restaurant, 8.77970°N, 82.44016°W, el .1122 m; MIUP; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

tompagula Oláh and Flint, 2012:207 [Type locality: Colombia, Meta Department, Quebrada Blanca, 3 km West Restrepo; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Colombia.

turuda Oláh and Flint, 2012:208 [Type locality: Panama, San Blas Province, Quebrada Pingadi, 9 km North Nusagandi; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

tusa Oláh and Flint, 2012:210 [Type locality: Colombia, Choco Department, Rio Atrato, Yuto; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

varrata Oláh and Johanson, 2011:165 [Type locality: Peru, San Martin Prov., Rio Huallaga tributary, small river passing Chazuta, 6°34.665'S, 76°08.209'W; NHRS; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

vieja Flint, 1970:19 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Rio La Vieja, near Lagarto, E Palmar Norte; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:64 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

zegla Harris and Armitage, 2015:4 [Type locality: Panama, Bocas del Toro Province, Cuenca 91, Río Teribe at Zegla; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

Family Kokiriidae

This is a small family of 6 genera and 15 species occurring in the Australasian and Neotropical regions. Two New World species, including the immature stages of one, are known. Members of the family in Australia and New Zealand construct tubular cases of sand grains, which are somewhat dorsoventrally flattened (McFarlane 1964, Neboiss 1991). These larvae live on sandy substrates of streams and lakes, or burried just below the sandy bottom. The Chilean species, Pangulia nea, has similar habits and case morphology (Rojas 2007).

Genus Pangullia Navás [2]

Pangullia Navás, 1934a:178 [Type species: Pangullia faziana Navás, 1934a, original designation; in Limnephilidae]. —Schmid, 1955b:224 [not a Limnephilidae]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [as unidentified, probably a Hydrobiosinae]. —Flint et al., 1999a:77 [to Kokiriidae]. —Rojas, 2005:27 [review of genus].

Rhynchopsyche Schmid, 1955a:151 [Type species: Rhyncopsyche fusca Schmid, 1955, original designation; in Brachycentridae]. —Flint, 1974e:90 [to Kokiriidae]. —Flint et al., 1999a:77 [to synonymy].

The two species in this genus, described 75 years apart, are limited to Chile. The immature stages of the newly described species are known (Rojas 2007).

faziana Navás, 1934a:178 [Type locality: Chile, Panguipulli; DEI; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:85 [checklist]. —Rojas, 2005:29 [♀].

—fusca (Schmid) 1955a:151 [Type locality: Chile, Isla de Chiloé, Aucár; NMNH; ♂; in Rhyncopsyche]. —Flint, 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:77 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Chile.

nea Rojas, 2005:29 [Type locality: Chile, VII Región, Parque Nacional Los Ruiles, 35°50'32"S, 72°30'24"W; MNHNS; ♂; reared from pupa]. —Rojas, 2007:26 [larva; pupa].

Distribution. Chile.

Family Lepidostomatidae

This family of about 500 described species is predominately Holarctic, Afrotropical, and Oriental in distribution. Weaver (1988) provided a review of the North and Central American species, and a generic synonymy and catalog of world species (Weaver 2002). In the latter work, he synonymized about two dozen genera or subgenera with Lepidostoma. Malicky (2005) and Ivanov (2011) expressed objections to this act. Myers and Sperling (2002) inferred the phylogeny of some of these former genus-group taxa based on gene sequence data and found that the monophly of some was doubtful. Only two genera occur in the New World, Theliopsyche and Lepidostoma, with only the latter extending into the Neotropics, as far south as northwestern Panama.

Larvae feed on decaying organic matter and are more often than not associated with springs and quiet waters of small streams in mountainous area. Wiggins (1996) and Weaver (1988) provided descriptions of the larvae of several North American species.

Genus Lepidostoma Rambur [28]

Lepidostoma Rambur, 1842:493 [Type species: Lepidostoma squamulosum Rambur, 1842 = Phryganea hirta Fabricius 1775, subsequent selection of Ross 1944]. —Ross, 1944:258 [synonymy]. —Ross, 1946:266 [revision]. —Weaver, 1988:15 [revision]. —Weaver, 2002:173 [supression of subgenera names, generic synonymy, checklist of world species].

Nosopus McLachlan, 1871:114 [Type species: Nosopus podager McLachlan, 1871, by monotypy]. —Ross, 1944:258 [to synonymy]. —Weaver, 1988:19 [as subgenus]. —Weaver, 2002:173, 174 [supression of subgenus name, all former subgenus Nosopus species to Lepidostoma podagrum branch].

Olemira Banks, 1897:29 [Type species: Olemira americana Banks, 1897, by monotypy]. —Ross, 1944:258 [to synonymy]. —Weaver, 1988:19 [as synonym of Nosopus].

Eremopsyche Banks, 1901:367 [Type species: Eremopsyche frontalis Banks, 1901, original designation]. —Ross, 1946:290 [placement]. —Flint, 1967c:23 [to synonymy].

Atomyiodes Ulmer, 1911:23 [Type species: Atomyiodes bispinosus Ulmer, 1911, by monotypy]. —Ross 1946:290 [placement]. —Denning, 1962a:39 [to synonymy].

Phanopsyche Banks 1911:357 [Type species: Phanopsyche grisea Banks, 1911, by monotypy]. —Ross, 1944:258 [to synonymy].

Neodinarthrum Weaver, 1988:75 [Type species: Olemira pluvialis Milne, 1936, original designation, as subgenus]. —Weaver, 2002:174 [supression of subgenus name].

Lepidostoma is one of the two currently recognized lepidostomatid genera in the Western Hemisphere, and the sole genus with Neotropical representation. Most of the approximately 80 New World species occur in the western and eastern mountains of the United States and Canada. Twenty-eight species are now known from Mexico and Central America.

The Neotropical species are confined to small forest streams generally above 1000 m, and seem to be locally endemic. Additional collecting will likely reveal more new species. They frequent the quiet shallows where leaf litter accumulates and are presumed to be detritivorous. As reported by Weaver (1988), larvae construct cylindrical, sand grain cases as well as cases of plant fragments, which are often square in cross section.

aztecum Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1977:378 [Type locality: Mexico, Morelos, Lagunas Zempoala; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:214 [distribution]. —Weaver 1988:47 [♂; pupa; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

bakeri Flint, 1965:175 [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Portal, Southwest Research Station; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1967d:175 [distribution]. —Denning 1968b:68 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1977:378 [diagnosis; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:214 [distribution]. —Weaver, 1988:40 [♂; ♀; larva; Unicolor Group]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico, U.S.A.

catarina Bueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso, and Barba-Álvarez, 2001:153 [Type locality: Mexico, Oacaxa, Sta Catarina La Chatao, 17°15'58"N, 96°28'15"W, el. 2160 m; CNIN; ♂; in subgenus Nosopus].

Distribution. Mexico.

chiriquiense Holzenthal and Strand, 1992:490 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriquí, Guadaloupe Arriba, 8°52'26"N, 82°33'13"W; NMNH; ♂; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group, as chiriquiensis]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

dafila Bueno-Soria and Contreras, 1986:209 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Finca Pacifica, Mpio. de Pluma Hidalgo; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Weaver 1988:48 [♂; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group].

Distribution. Mexico.

delongi Ross, 1946:283 [Type locality: Mexico, Zitacuara; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Padilla, 1981:391 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:214 [distribution]. —Weaver, 1988:48 [♂; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group].

Distribution. Mexico.

denningi Weaver, 1988:49 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, San Cristobal; NMNH; ♂; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

ectopium Holzenthal and Strand, 1992:491 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Bellavista, ca. 1.5 km NW Las Alturas, 8.951°N, 82.846°W; NMNH; ♂; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

frontale (Banks), 1901:367 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Jalapa; MCZ; ♂; in Eremopsyche]. —Flint, 1967c:24 [♂; to Lepidostoma]. —Bueno-Soria and Padilla, 1981:391 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:214 [distribution]. —Weaver, 1988:49 [♂; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

griseum (Banks), 1911:357 [Type locality: USA, New York, Fulton County, Woodworth’s Lake; MCZ; ♂; in Phanopsyche]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:8 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Canada, Panama, U.S.A.

heveli Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1977:381 [Type locality: Guatemala, Quiche, El Quiche, 7.3 km S Chichicastenango, 14°54'N, 91°07'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Weaver 1988:49 [♂; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group].

Distribution. Guatemala.

ibarrai Bueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso, and Barba-Álvarez, 2004:481 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Santa María Yavesia, 17°13'36"N, 96°25'35"W, el. 1920 m; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

ixtlahuaca Bueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso, and Barba-Álvarez, 2001:156 [Type locality: Mexico, Hidalgo, Ixtlahuaco, el. 1320 m; CNIN; ♂; in subgenus Nosopus].

Distribution. Mexico.

knulli Ross, 1946:280 [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Oak Creek Canyon; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1967d:175 [distribution]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1977:381 [diagnosis; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:214 [distribution]. —Weaver, 1988:44 [♂; ♀; larva; Unicolor Group]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution].

—leechi Denning, 1962a:37 [Type locality: Mexico, 1 mile west of La Marquesa (34 kilometers west of Mexico, D.F.); CAS; ♂]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1977:381 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

lacinatum Flint, 1967d:175 [Type locality: Mexico, Durango, 10 miles west of El Salto; CNC; ♂]. —Denning 1973:142 [♂ variation, distribution]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1977:382 [diagnosis; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:214 [distribution]. —Weaver, 1988:50 [♂; ♀; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

leonilae Bueno-Soria and Contreras, 1986:209 [Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo León, Santiago, Potrero Redondo; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Weaver, 1988:50 [♂; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group].

Distribution. Mexico.

mexicanum (Banks), 1901:367 [Type locality: Mexico, Tacubaya; MCZ; ♀; in Olemira]. —Ross, 1946:288 [to Lepidostoma]. —Flint, 1967c:24 [♀]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1977:382 [diagnosis; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:214 [distribution]. —Weaver, 1988:51 [♂; ♀ lectotype, larva; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:75 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:545 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

—bispinosa (Ulmer), 1911:25 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José; ZMHU; ♂; in Atomyiodes]. —Denning, 1962a:39 [♂; redescription; to Lepidostoma]. —Flint, 1967d:175 [variation, distribution]. —Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1977:382 [to synonymy].

—alexanderi Denning, 1962a:37 [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Cochise County, Southwestern Research Station, Chiricahua Mountains; CAS; ♂]. —Flint, 1967d:175 [as synonym of bispinosa].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, U.S.A.

oaxacense Bueno-Soria and Contreras, 1986:208 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Carretera No. 175, Portillo del Rayo; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Weaver, 1988:52 [♂; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group].

Distribution. Mexico.

pluviale (Milne), 1936:117 [Type locality: United States, Colorado, Creede; MCZ; ♂; in Olemira]. —Weaver 1988:81 [♂; ♀; larva; distribution]. —Weaver, 2002: 182 [Lepidostoma ferox branch]

—rhino Ross, 1946:276 [Type locality: Mexico, Baja California, R. Santo Domingo, Rancho San Antonio; INHS; ♂]. —Ross, 1951a:75 [distribution]. —Denning, 1964:134 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:214 [distribution]. —Weaver, 1988:81 [to synonymy].

—veleda Denning, 1948c:20 [Type locality: United States, Wyoming, Albany County, Snowy Range, near Centennial; CAS; ♂]. —Weaver, 1988:81 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Canada, Mexico, U.S.A.

polylepidum Holzenthal and Strand, 1992:494 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, Río Parrita Chiquito, rt 12, 6.5 km SW jct rt 2, 9.703°N, 83.970°W; NMNH; ♂; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:8 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:199 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

quila Bueno-Soria and Padilla-Ramírez, 1981:390 [Type locality: Mexico, Mexico, Lagunas de Zempoala; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Weaver, 1988:52 [♂; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group].

Distribution. Mexico.

rectangulare Flint, 1967d:176 [Type locality: Mexico, Durango, 10 miles west of El Salto; CNC; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:214 [distribution]. —Weaver, 1988:53 [♂; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group].

Distribution. Mexico.

reimoseri Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1977:383 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Volcan Irazu; NMW; ♂]. —Weaver, 1988:53 [♂; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:75 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:8 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:199 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

steinhauseri Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1977:384 [Type locality: El Salvador, Santa Ana, Cerro Miramundo; NMNH; ♂]. —Weaver, 1988:53 [♂; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist].

Distribution. El Salvador, Nicaragua.

talamancense Flint and Bueno-Soria, 1977:386 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Ojo de Agua, route 2 km 75; NMNH; ♂]. —Weaver, 1988:54 [♂; larva; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:75 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

tapanti Holzenthal and Strand, 1992:496 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, Río Dos Amigos and falls, ca. 6 km (rd) NW tunnel, 9.704°N, 83.783°W; NMNH; ♂; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:199 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

textor Bueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso, and Barba-Álvarez, 2006:249 [replacement name for Lepidostoma weaveri Bueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso, and Barba-Álvarez, 2004:481, preoccupied by Lepidostoma weaveri Harris, 1986:36]. [Type locality: Mexico, Estado de Mexico, Temascaltepec, Real de Arriba, el. 1740 m; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

xolotl Holzenthal and Strand, 1992:497 [Type locality: Mexico, Nayarit, 49.4 mi E Venado; NMNH; ♂; subgenus Nosopus, Mexicanum Group].

Distribution. Mexico.

Family Leptoceridae

The Leptoceridae, or long-horned caddisflies, are cosmopolitan in distribution and many of the approximately 1,800 species and 47 genera are found in warmer regions. The family is now divided into four subfamilies (Malm and Johanson 2011), of which three occur in the Neotropics: Triplectidinae (Hudsonema, Notalina, Triplectides), Grumichellinae (Amazonatolica, Atanatolica, Grumichella, Osflintia), and Leptocerinae (Achoropsyche, Amphoropsyche, Brachysetodes, Nectopsyche, Neoathripsodes, Oecetis, Setodes, Triaenodes). Mystacides, a primarily Northern Hemisphere leptocerine, is known from Baja California, Mexico, and is thus incuded in this catalog, as are a few species of Nearctic Triaenodes. Another leptocerine genus, Setodes, in known from the Neotropics from two fossil species in Donimican amber and a recently described extant species from the Domincan Republic; otherwise, it has a few species in eastern North America and is hyper diverse in the Oriental Region (Schmid, 1987). Morse (1981) presented the first cladistic phylogeny of the family-group taxa of Leptoceridae. Morse’s classification was largely corroborated by the comprehensive study by Malm and Johanson (2011) using gene sequence data; their classification is adopted here. Two hundred twenty-one extant and two fossil species are known from the Neotropics, where many new species, especially in Nectopsyche and Oecetis, undoubtedly occur.

Larvae of many genera are well known (Hickin 1967, Lepneva 1971, Wiggins 1996), including most of the Neotropical genera (Holzenthal 1986a, 1986b, 1986d, 1988a, 1988b). They are found in a wide variety of habitats, including large and small rivers, cascades, and even semi-terrestrial situations, from both lowland and highland areas. Larvae construct tubular cases from a wide variety of plant and mineral materials or entirely from silk. A few utilize the discarded cases of other Trichoptera. They feed generally as detritivores or omnivores, but some are specialized as scrapers of periphyton or as predators of other arthropods.

Genus Achoropsyche Holzenthal [1]

Achoropsyche Holzenthal, 1984:181 [Type species: Setodes Aunctata Navás, 1916a, by monotypy].

This monotypic genus, endemic to the Neotropics, was erected for a single, widespread South American species (Holzenthal 1984). Larvae of the species are unknown. Nothing can be said of the adult biology except that they are usually collected at lights along large, lowland rivers.

duodecimpunctata (Navás), 1916a:33 [Type locality: Brazil, Nova Friburgo; collection Navás, now lost?; ♂; in Setodes]. —Flint, 1972b:244 [to Brachysetodes]. —Flint, 1974c:120 [♂]. —Flint, 1982c:47 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1984:182 [♂; ♀; distribution; to Achoropsyche]. —Flint 1992d:71 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:418 [distribution]. —Almeida and Marinoni, 2000:349 [distribution; biology]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:278 [checklist]. —Cohen, 2004:77 [distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:44 [♂; distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:368 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Nogueira et al., 2011:176 [community ecology, distribution]. —Manzo et al., 2014:167 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:56 [checklist]. —Quinteiro et al., 2014:233 [distribution]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Genus Amazonatolica Holzenthal and Pes [1]

Amazonatolica Holzenthal and Pes, 2004:3 [Type species: Amazonatolica hamadae Holzenthal and Pes, 2004, original designation].

This is another monotypic genus endemic to the Neotropics. Its single species, Amazonatolica hamadae, is known only from around the region of Manaus, Brazil, but it is likely more widespread. Holzenthal and Pes (2004) described all of the life history stages and biology. The larvae live in clear, fast flowing, black water streams, where they cling to long leaves of aquatic macrophytes waving in the current; their cases are made entirely of semi-transparent silk.

hamadae Holzenthal and Pes, 2004:6 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, 02°57'S, 59°57'W, Igarapé Barro Branco (sede); INPA; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; habitat, biology]. —Ribeiro et al., 2009:34 [list of types]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:351 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:56 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

Genus Amphoropsyche Holzenthal [16]

Amphoropsyche Holzenthal, 1985:255 [Type species: Brachysetodes insularis Flint, 1968b, original designation]. —Holzenthal, 1985:255 [revision]. —Holzenthal and Rázuri-Gonzales, 2011:63 [key to species].

The 16 species and subspecies of the endemic South American genus Amphoropsyche, established for the Dominican species Brachysetodes insularis Flint by Holzenthal (1985), are very rare and local in occurrence in the northern Andes and on several islands of the Lesser Antilles. The described species, known from only a very few individuals, probably represent a small fraction of the actual diversity.

Adults and larvae frequent small forest streams in mountainous areas. Little is known of the larval biology. Flint (1968b) found them scattered in the sand bottom of a pool of a small stream. Larvae build cases of sand grains. Adults do not fly to lights readily and are best collected by beating riparian vegetation or with Malaise traps. Adult males contain interesting pheromone dispersing structures on the genitalia (Botosaneanu 1991b).

aragua Holzenthal, 1985:261 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, road between Maracay and Choroni; UCV; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

ayura Holzenthal, 1985:264 [Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia, Quebrada la Ayurá, above Envigado, S of Medellín; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1991:90 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

cauca Holzenthal, 1985:268 [Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia, 12 km N of Fredonia; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1991:90 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

choco Holzenthal, 1985:264 [Type locality: Colombia, Chocó, km 130, 86 E Quibdo; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

flinti Holzenthal, 1985:258 [Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia, 27 km W of Medellín, road to San Jerónimo; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1991:90 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

insularis (Flint), 1968b:69 [Type locality: Dominica, Pont Casse, 1.6 miles west; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; in Brachysetodes]. —Holzenthal, 1985:255 [♂; ♀; to Amphoropsyche]. —Holzenthal, 1986b:255 [larva; pupa]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:50 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu 1994a:51 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:53 [distribution].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadalupe, Martinique.

janstockiana Botosaneanu, 1990b:319 [Type locality: Saint Vincent; BMNH; ♂; ♀?]. —Botosaneanu, 1991b:66 [biology]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:50 [checklist].

Distribution. Saint Vincent, Mustique [?].

napo Holzenthal, 1985:258 [Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, Sebundoy, 0°30'N, 77°30'W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

quebrada Holzenthal, 1985:266 [Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia, Quebrada del Cebolla, W of La Fe, 25 E of Medellín; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1991:90 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

real Holzenthal and Ríos-Touma, 2016:62 [Type locality: Ecuador, Morona-Santiago, Macas, small gravel stream (Wallace/Real property), 02.20299°S, 078.08539°W, el. 1076 m; UMSP; /male/].

Distribution. Ecuador

refugia Holzenthal, 1985:260 [Type locality: Venezuela, Distrito Federal, Estación Experimental Bajo Seco, ca. 15 km NE of Colonia Tovar; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

spinifera Holzenthal, 1986b:251 [Type locality: Bolivia, Yungas La Paz, Pte. Mururata to Cusilloni; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1996b:418 [distribution].

Distribution. Bolivia, Peru.

stellata Holzenthal, 1985:260 [Type locality: Colombia, Risaralda, Termales de Santa Rosa de Cabal; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

tandayapa Holzenthal and Rázuri-Gonzales, 2011:61 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pichincha, 2.3 km S Tandayapa, 1800 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

woodruffi multispinosa Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:36 [Type locality: Trinidad, two first order streams at “La laja”, catchment of Rio Guanapo; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:204 [distribution; ecology]. —Flint, 1996a:102 [distribution; to subspecific status].

Distribution. Trinidad.

woodruffi woodruffi Flint and Sykora, 1993:59 [Type locality: Grenada, Parish St. Johns, Concord Falls; FSCA; ♂]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:50 [checklist]. —Flint, 1996a:102 [distribution].

Distribution. Grenada, Venezuela.

Genus Atanatolica Mosely [20]

Atanatolica Mosely, 1936a:123 [Type species: Mystacides brasilianus Brauer, 1865, original designation]. —Holzenthal, 1988b:74 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; revision; phylogeny; distribution].

This is yet another endemic Neotropical leptocerid genus, one of four endemic genera in the subfamily Grumichellinae endemic to tropical America. Most of the 20 Neotropical species in the genus were described by Holzenthal (1988b). Two species groups are known from the Neotropics, the dominicana Group from Central America, northern South America, and the Lesser Antilles and the brasiliana Group from southeastern Brazil (Holzenthal 1988b).

Holzenthal (1988b) discussed the biology of a Costa Rican species, which appears to be typical for the genus. Larvae frequent waterfalls, cascades, and the fast flowing areas of boulder-strewn streams in forested, mountainous areas. Cases, constructed of mineral fragments or entirely of darkened silk, are long, slender, and tapering. In a few species, mineral or plant fragments are placed laterally to form wide flanges (Botosaneanu 1974, Holzenthal 1988b). Larvae are semi-terrestrial and live in the spray and splash zones of their habitats. Morphology of the mandibles and other mouth parts suggest that they feed by scraping the abundant periphyton growing in the habitat. Adults are diurnal and form swarms above the larval habitat. They are best collected by passing a long handled net through the swarm or by netting a mated pair that has landed on nearby vegetation. Costa and Calor (2014) collected abundant specimens with Malaise traps and noticed distinct peaks of activity over 4 years of sampling. Abundance of indivuduals was greatest during the dry season (May-October) in NE Brazil.

acuminata Holzenthal, 1988b:77 [Type locality: Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchipe, Zamora (30 km W); NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

aurea Holzenthal, 1988b:77 [Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia, 24 km NW Medellín, rd. to San Jerónimo; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1991:92 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

bonita Costa and Calor, 2014:195 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Camacan, RPPN Serra Bonita, stream 3, 15°23'02"S, 39°34'10"W, 806 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀; biology]. —Dias et al., 2015:376 [distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

botosaneanui Flint, 1981a:31 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Dos Riitos, 6 km N Rancho Grande; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu and Flint, 1982:21 [larva; case]. —Holzenthal, 1988b:78 [♂; ♀; larva; case].

Distribution. Venezuela.

brasiliana (Brauer), 1865:418 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro; NMW; ♂; in Mystacides]. —Ulmer, 1905b:72 [to Notanatolica]. —Mosely, 1936a:123 [to Atanatolica]. —Flint, 1966a:10 [♂ lectotype]. —Holzenthal, 1988b:78 [redescription]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:368 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:321 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:56 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

caldas Holzenthal, 1988b:79 [Type locality: Colombia, Caldas, 5 km W Termales de Ruiz; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

choco Holzenthal, 1988b:80 [Type locality: Colombia, Choco, km 130, 86 E Quibdo; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

cotopaxi Holzenthal, 1988b:80 [Type locality: Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Pujili (34 km W); NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

dominicana Flint, 1968b:71 [Type locality: Dominica, Pont Casse, 0.4 E; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Malicky, 1983:264 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988b:81 [♂; ♀; larva; case]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:50 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:51 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:53 [distribution].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadelupe, Martinique.

flinti Holzenthal, 1988b:81 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, Serra; MZSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:368 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:56 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

manabi Holzenthal, 1988b:83 [Type locality: Ecuador, Manabi, Santo Domingo de los Colorados (79 km W); NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

moselyi Denning and Holzenthal, in Holzenthal, 1988b:83 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Jaba, Las Cruces; UCD; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

muyupampa Holzenthal, 1988b:84 [Type locality: Bolivia, Chuquisaca, Incahuasi, ♀ Muyupampa; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Bolivia.

nigra Holzenthal, 1988b:84 [Type locality: Colombia, Caldas, 3.7 E Termales de Ruiz; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

nivea Holzenthal, 1988b:85 [Type locality: Colombia, Risaralda, Termales de Santa Rosa de Cabal; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

nordestina Henriques-Oliveira and Santos, 2014:538 [Type locality: Brazil, Ceará, Ubajara, Parque Nacional de Ubajara, trilha Araticum, Rio das Minas, 03°49'58"S, 40°53'53"W, el. 420 m; CZMA; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; distribution; biology].

Distribution. Brazil.

panamensis Holzenthal, 1988b:85 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Pipeline Rd, Río Agua Salud; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:544 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

penai Holzenthal, 1988b:86 [Type locality: Bolivia, Cochabamba, Río Ronquito, rd. to Villa Tunari, Chapare; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Bolivia.

quechua Henriques-Oliveira and Santos, 2014:543 [Type locality: Peru, Cuzco, Puente Inambari, 13°10'53"S, 70°23'06"W, el. 365 m; MHNJP; ♂; ♀; larva].

Distribution. Peru.

zongo Holzenthal, 1988b:86 [Type locality: Bolivia, La Paz, quebradas del Río Zongo; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Bolivia.

Genus Brachysetodes Schmid [10]

Brachysetodes Schmid, 1955a:134 [Type species: Brachysetodes trifidus Schmid, 1955a, original designation]. —Holzenthal, 1986a:409 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; revision, phylogeny, distribution].

This is yet another endemic Neotropical genus of 10 species, but the only one restricted to the Chilean Subregion and the only leptocerine widely occurring in that Subregion. Holzenthal (1986a) described the immature stages, but little is known of their biology except that they frequent small to moderate sized, cool, clear, gravel-bottomed streams. They construct slightly curved and tapered cases of sand grains.

bifidus Schmid, 1955a:135 [Type locality: Chile, Santiago, El Manzano; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Holzenthal, 1986a:417 [♂; ♀; distribution].

Distribution. Chile.

bifurcatus Flint, 1983a:69 [Type locality: Chile, Cautín, Fundo el Coigüe, 27 km NE Villarrica; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1986a: 414 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Chile.

extensus Schmid, 1958b:204 [Type locality: Chile, Arauco, Pichinahuel; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Holzenthal, 1986a:414 [♂; ♀; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

forcipatus Schmid, 1964:334 [Type locality: Chile, Bio-Bio, Santa Barbara, Los Angeles; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Holzenthal, 1986a:415 [♂; ♀; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

major Schmid, 1958b:204 [Type locality: Chile, Linares, Hacienda San-Manuel; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Holzenthal, 1986a:417 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Miserendino and Brand, 2007:312 [biology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

nublensis Flint, 1969b:511 [Type locality: Chile, Ñuble, Recinto; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Holzenthal, 1986a:415 [♂; ♀; distribution].

Distribution. Chile.

quadrifidus Schmid, 1955a:136 [Type locality: Chile, Isla de Chilóe, Aucar; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Holzenthal, 1986a:415 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011b:143 [biology]. —Brand et al., 2012:90 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

spinosus Schmid, 1958b:203 [Type locality: Chile, Arauco, Pichinahuel; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Holzenthal, 1986a:416 [♂; ♀; distribution].

Distribution. Chile.

trifidus Schmid, 1955a:135 [Type locality: Santiago, El Manzano; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Holzenthal, 1986a:416 [♂; ♀; distribution].

Distribution. Chile.

tripartitus Schmid, 1964:333 [Type locality: Chile, O’Higgins, Graneros; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Holzenthal, 1986a:416 [♂; ♀; distribution].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Grumichella Müller [13]

Grumichella Müller, 1879a:407 [Type species: Grumichella rostrata Thienemann, 1905b, first included species]. —Holzenthal, 1988b:88 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; revision, phylogeny, distribution]. —Calor et al., 2016:137 [revision, phylogeny].

Leptocellodes Ulmer, 1911:21 [Type species: Leptocellodes flaveola Ulmer, 1911, original designation]. —Ulmer, 1955:499 [to synonymy].

Grumichella is another member of the subfamily Grumichellinae endemic to and widely distributed over tropical South America (Morse 1981). Holzenthal (1988b) illustrated cases of several unassociated species, and suggested that the genus was likely more species rich than previously known. This supposition was recently corroborated by Calor et al., (2016) who decribed 9 new species from Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela, bringing the genus total to 13 species.

Müller (1879a, p. 40) introduced the term “grumichinha” for a leptocerid for which he later proposed the new generic name Grumichella. Flint et al. (1999a) surpressed “grumichinha” as an unavailable vernacular name.

Larvae live on rocks in fast flowing streams in montane areas and have various behavioral and morphological adaptations for maintaining their hold in currents (Holzenthal 1988b). Larvae of most species construct cases entirely of silk, but some others incorporate substantial mineral material.

aequiunguis Flint, 1983a:68 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Arroyo Piray Mini, rt. 17, W Dos Hermanas; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988b:91 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; case; distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:57 [checklist]. —Calor et al., 2016:140 [redescription].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay.

blahniki Calor and Holzenthal, in Calor et al., 2016:147 [Type locality: Peru, Pauractambo, Pte. San Pedro, c. 50 km NW Pilcopata; NMNH; ♂; female].

Distribution. Peru.

boraceia Calor and Holzenthal, in Calor et al., 2016:148 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Salesópolis, Rio Claro, 23°38'08"S, 45°49'55"W, el. 800 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀, larva; case; pupa].

Distribution. Brazil.

cressae Calor and Holzenthal, in Calor et al., 2016:149 [Type locality: Venezuela, Lara, P.N. Dinira, Quebrada Buenos Aires, 9°36'24"N, 70°04'11"W, el. 1850 m; UMSP; ♂; female].

Distribution. Venezuela.

flaveola (Ulmer), 1911:22 [Type locality: Bolivia, Yungas, Bogota; ZMHU; ♂; in Leptocellodes]. —Mosely, 1949:41 [redescription]. —Holzenthal, 1988b:91 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; case; distribution]. —Flint, 1991:93 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:417 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist]. —Medellín et al., 2004:201 [distribution; biology]. —Calor et al., 2016:142 [redescription].

—poujadi (Navás), 1927b:73 [Type locality: Ecuador, Loja; MNHNP; ♂; in Notanatolica]. —Mosely, 1936a:107 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela.

jureia Calor and Holzenthal, in Calor et al., 2016:150 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins, Córrego próximo à sede; MZUSP; ♂; ♀; case; pupa].

Distribution. Brazil.

leccii Calor and Holzenthal, in Calor et al., 2016:152 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Jundiai, Serra do Japi, P.S. 11, stream before reservoir, 23°14'30"S, 46°57'16"W; MZUSP; ♂; ♀; larva; larval case; pupa; pupal case].

Distribution. Brazil.

muelleri Calor and Holzenthal, in Calor et al., 2016:153 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Parque Ecológico Spitzkopf, confl. Rio Ouro & Rio Caeté, 27°00'21"S, 49°06'42"W; MZUSP; ♂; female].

Distribution. Brazil.

paprockii Calor and Holzenthal, in Calor et al., 2016:155 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Córrego da Serra de Ouro Fino, Vale do Tropeiro, 20°12'22"S, 43°38'35"W, el. 1000 m; MZUSP; ♂; female].

Distribution. Brazil.

parati Calor and Holzenthal, in Calor et al., 2016:156 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parati, Riacho Perequê-açu, Sitio Cachoeira Grande, 23°13'14"S, 44°47'24"W, el. 120 m; MZUSP; ♂; female].

Distribution. Brazil.

pulchella (Banks), 1910:160 [Type locality: Colombia, Cañon del Monte Tolima; MCZ; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Ulmer, 1955:499 [in Leptocellodes]. —Flint, 1967c:22 [♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988b:93 [to Grumichella]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist]. —Calor et al., 2016:144 [redescription].

Distribution. Colombia.

rostrata Thienemann 1905b:537 [Type locality: no type nor type depository designated, but name based on material probably from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Gruta dos Macacos, near Blumenau according to Holzenthal 1988b; case; pupa]. —Thienemann, 1909:41, 42, 125 [larva; pupa]. —Holzenthal 1988b:93 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:368 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:16 [distribution]. —Paprocki & França, 2014:57 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:57 [checklist]. —Dias et al., 2015:376 [distribution]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution]. —Calor et al., 2016:145 [redescription].

Distribution. Brazil.

trujilloi Calor and Holzenthal, in Calor et al., 2016:158 [Type locality: Venezuela, Trujillo, Quebrada Potrerito, 7.5 km NE Bocono, 09°16'26"N, 70°13'06"W, el. 1530 m; UMSP; ♂; female].

Distribution. Venezuela.

Genus Hudsonema Mosely [1]

Hudsonema Mosely, 1936a:110 [Type species: Tetracentron amabile McLachlan, 1868, original designation]. —Holzenthal, 1986d:268 [phylogeny, biogeography].

Condocerus Neboiss, 1977:140 [Type species: Condocerus paludosis Neboiss, 1977, original designation]. —Malm and Johanson, 2011: 16 [to synonymy].

Five species are now known in this genus, two from Australia, two from New Zealand, and one, Hudsonema flaminii, from Chilean South America. Holzenthal (1986d) hypothesized that this distribution conformed to a New Zealand-South American trans-Antarctic biogeographical track. Immature stages of the South American species were described by Holzenthal (1986d), but nothing is known of their biology; larvae can be very abundant in shallow, still areas of streams.

flaminii (Navás), 1926:335 [Type locality: Chile, Lonquimay; MZBS; ♂; in Triplectides]. —Mosely, 1936a:111 [♂; to Hudsonema]. —Schmid, 1949a:361 [♀; redescription]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Holzenthal, 1986d:269 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; redescription; distribution; biogeography]. —Cohen, 2004:78 [distribution]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:35 [biology; habitat]. —Brand et al., 2012:90 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

—discolor (Navás), 1932d:83 [Type locality: Chile, Marga-Marga; type depository not stated; ♂; in Triplectides]. —Mosely, 1936a:114 [to Hudsonema]. —Schmid, 1949a:362 [♀; redescription]. —Flint, 1974e:84 [to synonymy].

—fazi (Navás), 1932a:84 [Type locality: Chile, Bío-Bío; DEI; ♀; in Triplectides]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Holzenthal, 1986d:269 [to synonymy].

—pirioni (Navás) 1935:374 [Type locality: Chile, Aysén; type missing from MNHNS, Camousseight, pers. com.; ♀; in Triplectides]. —Flint et al., 1999a:78 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Mystacides Berthold [1]

Mystacides Berthold, 1827:437 [Type species: Phryganea nigra Linnaeus 1758, by monotypy].

Mystacides occurs in the Holarctic and Oriental regions. The three Nearctic species are well known in both their adult and immature stages (Yamamoto and Wiggins 1964, Wiggins 1996) and one of these species, Mystacides alafimbriata, occurs in Baja California.

Larvae are found in shallow marginal areas of lakes and ponds or in the slowly moving parts of streams. They are omnivorous, feeding on plant detritus as well as other arthropods (Wiggins 1996). Their cases are made of mineral fragments with long pieces of plant material incorporated. Adults engage in crepuscular swarming activity, especially at higher latitudes.

alafimbriata Hill-Griffin, 1912:19 [Type locality: United States, Oregon, Mt. Jefferson, Permelia Lake; CU; ♂]. —Denning, 1964:134 [distribution]. —Yamamoto and Wiggins, 1964:1117 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; redescription; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:212 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

Genus Nectopsyche Müller [49]

Nectopsyche Müller, 1879a:38 [Type species: Setodes gemma Müller, 1880a, first included species].

Leptocella Banks, 1899:214 [Type species: Mystacides uwarowii Kolenati, 1859, original designation]. —Flint, 1974c:127 [to synonymy].

Brethesella Navás, 1920b:71 [Type species: Brethesella decorata Navás, 1920b, by monotypy]. —Flint, 1982c:57 [to synonymy].

This genus of some 56 described species is restricted to the New World. Species occur from Canada south through the United States, Mexico, and Central and South America, to Argentina and Chile. Many new species await description and many more certainly occur in nature. A revision of the entire genus is sorely needed, the only one being that of Haddock (1977) for the Nearctic species. Flint, in a number of papers, clarified the identity of many of the older names, especially those described by Navás, and placed many in synonymy, and Holzenthal (1995) reviewed the Gemma group as it occurs in Costa Rica. Identity of species is based largely on color pattern of the body and forewings, male genitalia being rather uniform throughout the genus. It is therefore essential to have pinned, unrubbed material for identification.

Larvae are well known for both the Nearctic (Ross 1944, Haddock 1977, Wiggins 1996) and Neotropical faunas (Marlier 1964b, Roback 1966, Flint 1968a, Botosaneanu and Flint 1982, Roldán Pérez 1988, Glover and Floyd 2004). They generally build long, slender, tubular cases of sand grains or plant material or both. They inhabit small and large lentic and lotic habitats and are classified trophically as shredders-herbivores and collectors-gatherers (Morse and Holzenthal 2008). Larvae of some species have rows of long setae on the hind legs, enabling them to swim.

acutiloba Flint, 1974c:133 [Type locality: Suriname, Kaboeri Creek, first camp; RNH; ♂]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:57 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Suriname.

adusta Flint, 1983a:74 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Entre Ríos, Salto Grande, Río Uruguay; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:46 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:57 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

argentata Flint, 1991:94 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Honda, Marsella [12 km SW Fredonia]; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal 1995:66 [♂; redescription; distribution; corrections]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela.

aureofasciata Flint, 1981a:34 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Maracay, El Limón; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

aureovittata Flint, 1983a:74 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Río Iguazú, Camp Nañdu; NMNH; ♂]. —Almeida and Marinoni, 2000:349 [distribution; biology]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:368 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:16 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:57 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay.

bella (Müller), 1921:538 [Locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina; no type nor type depository designated, topotypic material collected by Müller in MNRJ (A.P.M. Santos, personal communication); pupa; in Setodes]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:57 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

brethesi (Navás), 1920b:40, 66 [Type locality: Uruguay, Banda Oriental; MZBS; ♂; ♀; distribution; in Leptocella]. —Schmid 1949a:386 [no ♂ in Navás collection].

Distribution. Argentina, Uruguay.

bruchi (Navás), 1920b:66 [Type locality: Argentina, Monte Veloz, estancia Barreto; MACN; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Flint 1972b:243 [diagnosis; distribution]. —Flint, 1982c:55 [redescription; distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:77 [distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:46 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:368 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:16 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:57 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay.

brunneofascia Flint, 1983a:71 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Puerto Libertad; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:58 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

cana (Navás), 1924b:254 [Type locality: Venezuela, Arismondi; MNHNP; ♀; in Leptocella].

Distribution. Venezuela.

candida (Hagan), 1861:280 [Type locality: U.S.A., Florida; MCZ; ♂; ♀; in Setodes]. —Ross, 1938a:22 [lectotype ♂]. —Haddock, 1977:396 [♂; larva; distribution]. —Glover and Floyd, 2004:538 [larva; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution].

Distribution. Canada, Mexico, U.S.A.

cubana (Banks), 1938:299 [Type locality: Cuba, Guines (sic); MCZ; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Flint, 1967c:21 [♂ lectotype]. —Flint, 1968a:54 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:52 [distribution]. —Kumanski, 1987:33 [distribution]. —Flint, 1992c:387 [♀; possibly cubana on Puerto Rico]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:468 [larva]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:19 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:21 [probable distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:41 [checklist]. —López del Castillo et al., 2004:229 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:45 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist]. —López del Castillo et al., 2007:171 [distribution; seasonal abundance]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico [?].

diminuta (Banks), 1920:353 [Type locality: British Guiana, Bartica; MCZ; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Flint, 1967c:21 [♂ lectotype]. —Flint, 1974c:133 [♂ redescription; distribution]. —Flint, 1992d:71 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:58 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Suriname.

dorsalis (Banks), 1901:368 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Jalapa; MCZ; sex not stated; in Leptocella]. —Flint, 1967c:21 [type is ♀; topotypic ♂ illustrated]. —Flint, 1967d:174 [distribution]. —Haddock, 1977:408 [♂; larva; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:212 [distribution]. —Flint, 1981a:34 [♂; distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:6 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:73 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:93 [♂; distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:543 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1197 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [biology; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:305 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

—serrei (Navás), 1924c:83 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Sarapiquí, La Virgen; MNHNP; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Flint, 1981a:34 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, U.S.A, Venezuela.

exophthalma Holzenthal, 1995:68 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Agrio, ca. 3.5 km NE Bajo del Toro, 10.243°N, 84.279°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

flavofasciata (Ulmer), 1907a:18 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina; PAN; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Flint, 1966a:9 [♂; redescription]. —Flint, 1972b:242 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:77 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:58 [checklist]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution].

—decorata (Navás), 1920b:71 [Type locality: Argentina, Entre Ríos; MZBS; ♀; in Brethesella]. —Flint, 1982c:56 [to synonymy]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution].

—sparsa (Banks) 1920:353 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones; MCZ; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Flint, 1966a:9 [to synonymy]. —Flint, 1967c:21 [♂ lectotype].

—ditata (Navás), 1933a:118 [Type locality: Argentina, Santa Fe, Piquete; ISMA; ♀; in Leptocella]. —Flint, 1982c:56 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Peru.

fulva (Navás), 1930b:363 [Type locality: Chile, Perales; type depository not designated; ♀; in Leptocella]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1949a:386 [no ♂ in Navás collection].

Distribution. Chile.

fuscomaculata Flint, 1983a:73 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Arroyo Liso, 8 km W General Güemes; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1992d:72 [possibly fuscomaculata]. —Almeida and Marinoni, 2000:349 [distribution; biology]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:368 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:16 [distribution]. —Souza et al, 2013a:6 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:58 [checklist]. —Dias et al., 2015:376 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay.

gemma (Müller), 1880a:110, 130 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina; MNRJ; cases; in Setodes]. —Müller, 1880b:59, 80 [case]. —Ulmer, 1905b:74 [♂; to Leptocella]. —Müller, 1921:539 [pupa; in Nectopsyche; figs. 186e, 189d in Setodes]. —Flint, 1974c:129 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1991:95 [Neotype: Brazil, Sta. Catarina, Itajahy; MCZ; ♂; species figured in Flint 1974c as gemma, is ortizi Holzenthal 1995]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:12 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:58 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

—festiva (Navás), 1913:76 [Type locality: Ecuador, Loja; MNHNP; sex not stated; in Leptocella ?]. —Flint, 1991:95 [to synonymy].

—genuosa (Navás), 1920b:39. [Bolivia]. —Fischer, 1966:56 [probably misprint for gemma].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela [records from Mexico, Central America, and northern South America likely Nectopsyche gemmoides or Nectopsyche ortizi].

gemmoides Flint, 1981a:35 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Maracay, Río Limón, Estación Pisicultura; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu and Flint, 1982:19 [larva; pupa]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:6 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:73 [distribution]. —Flint, 1992d:73 [possibly gemmoides]. —Aguila, 1992:543 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:35 [distribution]. —Holzenthal 1995:69 [♂; ♀; larva; redescription; distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:104 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1197 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:58 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

—cupreosquamosa Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:35 [Type locality: Trinidad, lower course of River Guanapo near WASA pump station; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:204 [distribution; ecology]. —Flint 1996a: 104 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad, Venezuela.

globigona Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:21 [Type locality: Jamaica, Rio Minho in its upper reach at Grantham, a few km. W of Frankfield, Clarendon; ZMUA; ♂; larva]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1999:329 [female].

Distribution. Jamaica.

gracilis (Banks), 1901:369 [Type locality: Mexico, Morelos, Cuernavaca; MCZ; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Fischer, 1966:51 [as synonym of albida]. —Flint, 1967c:21 [♂ holotype]. —Flint, 1967d:175 [distribution]. —Haddock, 1977:403 [♂; ♀; larva; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:212 [distribution]. —Wiggins, 1996:170-171 [larva; case; as intervena]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:73 [distribution]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [biology; distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:24 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution].

—exilis (Banks), 1905:19 [replacement name for Leptocella gracilis Banks 1904a:110, preoccupied by Leptocella gracilis Banks, 1901:369]. [Type locality: United States, New Mexico, Gallinas Canyon; MCZ; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Fischer, 1966:54 [gracilis Banks 1904 as synonym of exilis]. —Haddock 1977:403 [to synonymy].

—intervena (Banks) 1914a:262 [Type locality: United States, Texas, Zavalla Co., Nueces River; NMNH; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Haddock, 1977:403 [to synonymy]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:304 [biology].

Distribution. Canada, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, U.S.A.

jenseni (Ulmer), 1905b:75 [Type locality: Argentina, Mendoza, Santa Rosa; ZSZMH; ♂; ♀; in Leptocella]. —Banks, 1913b:87 [distribution]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:78 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:58 [checklist].

—mixta (Navás), 1920b:67 [Type locality: Argentina, Córdoba, Alta Gracia; MZBS; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Schmid, 1949a:386 [♂; redescription]. —Flint, 1966a:9 [to synonymy with Nectopsyche punctata]. —Flint et al., 1999a:77 [to synonymy with Nectopsyche jenseni].

—lucipeta (Navás), 1923a:200 [Type locality: Argentina, Alta Gracia; MACN & collection Navás, now lost?; ♀; in Leptocella]. —Schmid, 1949a:386 [no ♂ in Navás collection]. —Flint et al., 1999a:77 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

lahontanensis Haddock, 1977:412 [Type locality: United States, Utah, Jaub Co., .5 mile W Mills, on Sevier River; MCZ; ♂; larva].

Distribution. Canada, Mexico, U.S.A.

lewisi (Flint), 1968a:55 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Hardwar Gap, Dicks Pond Trail; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; in Leptocella]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

maculipennis Flint, 1983a:75 [Type locality: Paraguay, Dpto. Amambay, 2 km S Cerro Corá; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:419 [distribution].

Distribution. Paraguay, Peru.

modesta (Müller), 1921:535, fig. 186 f [Type locality: Brazil; type depository unknown; pupal abdominal segment 5; in Setodes]. —Ulmer, 1955:497 [bibliography]. —Flint et al., 1999a:78 [identity, to Nectopsyche, nomen dubium]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:59 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

monticola Holzenthal, 1995:71 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, Quebrada Muerte, Rt. 2, 3.5 km (air) W Villa Mills, 9.562°N, 83.743°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

muelleri (Ulmer), 1905a:29 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina; PAN; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Flint 1966a:9 [♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:46 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:59 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

muhni (Navás), 1916b:68 [Type locality: Argentina, Santa Fe; MZBS; ♀; in Leptocella]. —Schmid, 1949a:388 [♂; type is ♀]. —Flint, 1974c:132 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1982c:58 [distribution]. —Flint, 1992d:71 [distribution]. —Almeida and Marinoni, 2000:349 [distribution; biology]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:78 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:368 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:17 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:59 [checklist].

—fulvocapilla (Navás), 1922a:399 [Type locality: Argentina, LaPlata, Palo Blanco; MACN; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Flint, 1972b:243 [to synonymy].

—pretiosella (Banks), 1924:447 [Type locality: Peru, Yurimaguas; MCZ; ♀; in Setodes]. —Flint, 1982c:58 [to synonymy].

—bridarollia (Navás), 1930a:75 [Type locality: Argentina, Santa Fe, Piquete; ISMA; ♀; in Leptocella]. —Flint 1982c:58 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

multilineata Flint, 1983a:73 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Entre Ríos, Río Uruguay, Salto Grande; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1992d:72 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:59 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela.

navasi Holzenthal, in Flint et al., 1999a:77 [replacement name for Leptocella candida Navás, 1923b:23, preoccupied by Setodes candida Hagen, 1861:280; lectotype]. [Type locality: Chile, Marga-Marga; MNHNP; ♀]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:59 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Chile.

nigricapilla (Navás), 1920b:68 [Type locality: Paraguay, Río Paraguay; MZBS; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Schmid, 1949a:389 [♂]. —Flint, 1972b:243 [distribution; synonymy]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:352 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:59 [checklist].

—ornata (Navás), 1933a:119 [Type locality: Argentina, Santa Fe; type depository not given; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Flint, 1972b:243 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay.

onyx Holzenthal, 1995:71 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Parque Nacional Corcovado, Piedra el Arco, 8.582°N, 83.709°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

ortizi Holzenthal, 1995:73 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Limón, Parque Nacional Tortuguero, Río Tortuguero, 3.5 km S Tortuguero, 10.509°N, 83.504°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint 1974c:129 [♂; as Nectopsyche gemma, nec Müller 1880a]. —Almeida and Marinoni, 2000:349 [distribution; biology]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:369 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:358 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:17 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:59 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

padrenavasi Holzenthal, in Flint et al., 1999a:78 [replacement name for Leptocella nivea Navás, 1920b:39, preoccupied by Setodes nivea Hagen, 1861:281; lectotype ♂]. [Type locality: Bolivia; MACN; sex not stated, but fig. is ♀].

Distribution. Bolivia.

pantosticta Flint, 1983a:71 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Arroyo Coatí, 15 E San José; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:369 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:25 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:59 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

pavida (Hagen), 1861:282 [Type locality: United States, Washington, D.C.; MCZ; sex not stated; in Setodes]. —Haddock, 1977:401 [♀ lectotype; ♂; larva; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:212 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:6 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:73 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:543 [distribution]. —Moulton and Stewart, 1996:147 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1197 [checklist]. —Glover and Floyd, 2004:533 [larva; distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:24 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:359 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Canada, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, U.S.A.

punctata (Ulmer), 1905b:75 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Rita, Boquero, Rio Preto; NHMW; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Flint, 1966a:9 [♂ lectotype]. —Flint, 1974c:131 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:212 [distribution]. —Flint, 1981a:34 [♂; distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:74 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:94 [distribution]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:488 [distribution]. —Flint, 1992d:72 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:544 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:419 [distribution]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist]. —Cohen, 2004:78 [distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:369 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:17 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:60 [checklist]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

—fenestrata (Banks), 1913a:237 [Type locality: Panama, Lino; MCZ; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Flint, 1966a:9 [to synonymy].

—spegazzinia (Navás), 1920b:69 [Type locality: Paraguay, Río Paraguay; MZBS; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Flint, 1981a:34 [to synonymy].

—ambitiosa (Navás), 1933a:118 [Type locality: Argentina, Santa Fe; MZBS; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Schmid, 1949a:386 [to synonymy with Nectopsyche mixta]. —Flint, 1966a:9 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

quatuorguttata (Navás), 1922c:61 [Type locality: Bolivia; collection Navás, now lost?; ♀; in Leptocella]. —Schmid, 1949a:386 [no ♂ in Navás collection]. —Flint, 1974c:131 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:419 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:78 [distribution]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:352 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:60 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, Paraguay, Peru.

separata (Banks), 1920:353 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina; MCZ; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Flint, 1967c:22 [♂ lectotype]. —Flint, 1972b:242 [distribution]. —Almeida and Marinoni, 2000:349 [distribution; biology]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:46 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:369 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:18 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:60 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

—graphica (Navás), 1932b:65 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Barao Homen de Mello; DEI; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Flint, 1982c:59 [distribution; to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay.

spiloma (Ross), 1944:219 [Type locality: United States, Kansas, Junction City; INHS; ♂; in Leptocella, ♀; larva]. —Haddock, 1977:392 [♂; larva; distribution]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:488 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:544 [distribution]. —Moulton and Stewart, 1996:148 [distribution]. —Glover and Floyd, 2004:538 [larva; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:197 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, U.S.A.

splendida (Navás), 1917a:403 [Type locality: Argentina, Santa Fe; collection Navás, now lost?; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Schmid, 1949a: 386 [no ♂ in Navás collection]. —Flint, 1982c:60 [redescription; distribution]. —Flint, 1992d:72 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:418 [distribution]. —Almeida and Marinoni, 2000:349 [distribution; biology]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:60 [checklist]. —Quinteiro et al., 2014:233 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela.

stigmatica (Banks), 1914a:262 [Type locality: United States, New Mexico, Jemez Mts.; MCZ; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Haddock, 1977:410 [♂; ♀; larva; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:212 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [biology; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution].

—aeola (Denning), 1948c:16 [Type locality: United States, Wyoming, Sybille River, near Wheatland; CAS; ♂; in Leptocella]. —Haddock, 1977:410 [to synonymy].

—vakaca (Schmid), 1949a:391 [replacement name for Leptocerus stigmaticus Navás 1917b:8, preoccupied by Leptocella stigmatica Banks, 1914a:262]. [Type locality: United States, New Mexico; MZBS; ♂]. —Haddock, 1977:410 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

taleola Flint, 1974c:134 [Type locality: Suriname, Litani River, Waremapan rapids; RNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:419 [distribution].

Distribution. Peru, Suriname.

tapanti Holzenthal, 1995:75 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, Quebrada Palmitos and falls, 9.72°N, 83.78°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

thallina (Navás), 1922b:264 [Type locality: Paraguay, Río Paraguay; collection Navás, now lost?; ♀; in Leptocella].

Distribution. Paraguay.

tuanis Holzenthal, 1995:76 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Heredia, Parque nacional Braulio Carrillo, Est. El Ceibo, Río Peje, 10.327°N, 84.078°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Maes, 1999:1197 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua.

utleyorum Holzenthal, 1995:80 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Reserva Bosque Nubosa Monteverde, Quebrada Cuecha, 10.31°N, 84.79°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

Genus Neoathripsodes Holzenthal [2]

Neoathripsodes Holzenthal, 1989:31 [Type species: Neoathripsodes anomalus Holzenthal, 1989, original designation].

The genus now contains two species, both endemic to the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil. The immature stages are unknown and nothing is known of the biology of the species. Holzenthal (1989) suggested that the genus has African biogeographic affinities, but this has not been substantiated.

anomalus Holzenthal, 1989:31 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Jaineiro, km 17, 18 km S Teresopolis; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:369 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:18 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:60 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

holzenthali Dias, Quinteiro, and Calor, 2015:372 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Camacan, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Serra Bonita, stream after the dam supply, 15°23'26.6"S, 039°33'57.2"W, el. 828 m; MZUSP; ♂; female].

Distribution. Brazil.

Genus Notalina Mosely [11]

Notalina Mosely, 1936a:114 [Type species: Notalina parkeri Mosely, 1936a, original designation].

Neonotalina Holzenthal, 1986c:62 [Type species: Notalina brasiliana Holzenthal, 1986c, original designation, subgenus of Notalina]. —Calor et al., 2006:33 [phylogeny, biogeography]. —Calor and Froehlich, 2008:45 [larva; pupa; key to Neotropical Leptoceridae larvae]. —Henriques-Oliveira et al., 2012:132 [key to Neotropical species].

Holzenthal (1986c) placed the Neotropical species of this genus in a new subgenus, Neonotalina, establishing the presence of the genus in the Neotropics. It was previously known from Australia and Tasmania. The immature stages of the South American species were recenty described (Calor and Froehlich 2008) as were those of the Australian species (St. Clair 1991). The larvae of Notalina morsei were found in slowly flowing parts of streams and were associted with aquatic plants and plant detritus. Abandoned cases of some larvae were inhabited by Triplectides gracilis larvae. The phylogenetic analysis of Calor et al. (2006) confirmed Holzenthal’s (1986) placement of the Neotropical species into two species groups, one occuring in northern South America and the other in southeastern Brazil.

brasiliana Holzenthal, 1986c:63 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serra do Caraça; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Calor et al., 2006:41 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:60 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

cipo Holzenthal, 1986c:67 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serra do Cipó; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Calor et al., 2006:41 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:61 [checklist]. —Dias et al., 2015:376 [distribution]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Brazil.

froehlichi Calor and Holzenthal, in Calor et al., 2006:37 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Caraça, near Santa Barbara, 20°01'22"S, 043°28'45"W, el. 728 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:61 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

goianensis Calor, 2008b:176 [Type locality: Brazil, Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Alto Paraíso, Ribeirão Água Fria, 14°05'26.3"S, 47°29'38.5"W, el. 1225 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:61 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

hamiltoni Holzenthal, 1986c:67 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Estación Biol. Boraceia; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Calor et al., 2006:41 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:370 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:18 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:61 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Brazil.

jordanensis Henriques-Oliveira, Speis, and Dumas, 2012:131 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Campos do Jordão, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, afluente do Córrego Galharada, 22°41'30"S, 45°27'36"W, el. 1600 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:61 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

matthiasi Holzenthal, 1986c:70 [Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia, Quebrada de Cebolla, W of La Fe, 25 E Medellín; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1991:90 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

morsei Holzenthal, 1986c:63 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serra do Cipó; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Calor et al., 2006:41 [distribution]. —Calor and Froehlich, 2008:46 [larva; pupa; biology; distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:370 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:18 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:61 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Brazil.

nanay Holzenthal, 1986c:70 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, Callicebus Res. Station Mishana, Río Nanay, 25 km SW Iquitos; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

paulista Calor and Holzenthal, in Calor, Holzenthal, and Amorim, 2006:39 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Cachoeira do Paredão, Lajeado, Serra da Bocaina, 22°43'32"S, 044°37'16"W, el. 1550 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:61 [checklist]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Brazil.

roraima Holzenthal, 1986c:67 [Type locality: Venezuela, Bolivar, Cumbre Roraima, Cerra Hitogeographica; IZAM; ♂]. —Zamora-Muñoz et al., 2013:450 [♂; redescription; variation, larva; distribution].

Distribution. Venezuela.

Genus Oecetis McLachlan [55]

Oecetis McLachlan, 1877:294, 329 [Type species: Leptocerus ochraceus Curtis, 1825, subsequent selection of Ross 1944]. —Rueda Martín et al., 2011:19 [review of Neotropical species, key to species]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:1 [review of avara Group, key to species]. —Quinteiro and Calor, 2015:1 [discussion of forewing venation, key to Brazilian species].

Oecetina Banks, 1899:213 [Type species: Setodes incerta Provancher, 1877, nec Walker, 1852 = Oecetis inconspicua (Walker) 1852, original designation]. —Ulmer, 1907d:142 [to synonymy].

Pseudosetodes Ulmer, 1905b:76 [Type species: Pseudosetodes punctipennis Ulmer, 1905b, by monotypy]. —Flint, 1966a:10 [to synonymy].

Oecetinella Ulmer, 1907d:133 [Type species: Oecetis confluens Ulmer, 1906, by monotypy]. —Schmid, 1958a:140 [to synonymy].

This is a large cosmopolitan genus of over 500 described species. The 55 described Neotropical species occur throughout the Brazilian Subregion, but the genus is absent from the Chilean Subregion. Species level taxonomy of the genus generally is well founded and based upon distinct differences in male genitalia. However, in certain species groups, for example the avara group, new, cryptic species have been discoverd and described (e.g., Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014) and likely occur in other groups (e.g., inconspicua group, punctata group). In spite of the recent surge in species descriptions (Rueda-Martin et al. 2011, Blahnik and Holzenthal 2014, Quinteiro and Calor 2015) many undescribed species certainly occur in South America, where the Amazon basin is a major center of diversity.

Two species previously recorded from the area covered by this catalog no longer have confirmed records in the region. As discussed by Blahnik and Holzenthal (2014) Oecetis avara is restricted in distrubution to eastern North America, exclusive of Mexico. Previous records from Mexico, Central, and South America now pertain to a number of new species described and diagnosed by Blahnik and Holzenthal (2014). Likewise, Oecetis disjuncta is now restricted to the west coast of the United States (California, Oregon); literature records from Mexico pertain to Oecetis sordida according to Blahnik and Holzenthal (2014).

Larvae of the North American species are well known (Ross 1944, Floyd 1995, Wiggins 1996). Larvae of the Neotropical species have been described by Flint (1968a), Marlier (1964b), Roback (1966), and Roldán Pérez (1988). Larvae live on the bottoms of lakes and rivers where they prey on small arthropods.

acanthostema Quinteiro and Calor, 2015:3 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Senhor do Bonfim, Serra Santana; MZUSP; ♂; Quaria species group].

Distribution. Brazil.

acciptrina Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:10 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pichincha, Santo Domingo (47 km S), Río Palenque Biol. Station, el. 750 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama.

agosta Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:11 [Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosí, El Salto Falls; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

amazonica (Banks), 1924:447 [Type locality: Brazil, Manáos; MCZ; ♂; in Oecetina]. —Flint, 1967c:22 [♂ lectotype]. —Flint, 1982c:49 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín et al., 2011:21 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:62 [checklist]. —Henriques-Oliveira et al., 2014:279 [distribution]. —Quinteiro and Calor, 2015:15 [♂, redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Peru, Venezuela.

angelae Henriques-Oliveira, Dumas, and Nessimian, 2014:274 [Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Ladário, Pantanal, Rio Paraguai floodplain, lake near Pousada Porto Vitória Régia, 19°01'10.00"S, 57°33'02.10"W, el. 91 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:62 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

angularis Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:13 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Bellavista, ca. 1.5 km NW Las Alturas, 8°57.060'N, 82°50.760'W, el. 1400 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala.

arizonica Denning, 1951:159 [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Cochise Co., Huachuca, Gordon Canyon; CAS; ♂]. —Flint, 1967d:174 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:213 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [biology; distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

bilobosa Flint, 1974c:126 [Type locality: Suriname, Nassau Mountains, trail km 11; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

campana Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:23 [Type locality: Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchipe, Río Chicaña, 9 km N Yanzatza, el. 880 m; NMNH; ♂; species illustrated as avara from Bolivia likely this species]. —Rueda Martín et al., 2011:21 [♂; distribution; nec avara].

Distribution. Bolivia, Ecuador.

carlibanezae Rueda Martín, Gibon, and Molina, 2011:23 [Type locality: Bolivia, Béni, Lake Belen, near Trinidad, 14°27'29"S, 64°51'41"W; IML; ♂].

Distribution. Bolivia.

chipiriri Rueda Martín, Gibon, and Molina, 2011:23 [Type locality: Bolivia: Cochabamba: Small tributary of the Río Espiritu Santo, Chipiriri, near Villa Tunari, 16°50'45"S, 65°25'33"W; IML; ♂].

Distribution. Bolivia.

cinerascens (Hagen), 1861:282 [Type locality: United States, Washington, D.C.; MCZ; ♂; in Setodes]. —Ross, 1938a:24 [♂ lectotype]. —Ross, 1944:241 [♂; ♀; larva; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:213 [distribution]. —Moulton and Stewart, 1996:150 [distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:24 [distribution; biology].

—fumosa (Banks), 1899:216 [Type locality: United States, Washington, D.C.; MCZ; ♀; in Oecetina]. —Ross, 1938a:25 [to synonymy].

—floridana (Banks), 1899:216 [Type locality: United States, Florida, Biscayne Bay; MCZ; ♂; in Oecetina]. —Milne, 1934:19; according to 1935 errata [to synonymy, as florida]. —Ross, 1938a:24 [as synonym of inconspicua]. —Fischer, 1966:155 [Ross’s referral to inconspicua must be a mistake].

Distribution. Canada, Mexico, U.S.A.

clavicornia Quinteiro and Calor, 2015:8 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Wenceslau Guimarães, Rio Patioba, 13°34'50.3"S, 39°42'17"W, el. 432 m; MZUSP; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

connata Flint, 1974c:122 [Type locality: Suriname, Coeroeni River Expedition, Zuid River, in Lucie River; RNH; ♂]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Quinteiro et al., 2014:233 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:62 [checklist]. —Henriques-Oliveira et al., 2014:279 [distribution]. —Quinteiro and Calor, 2015:17 [♂, redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Suriname.

constricta Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:25 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, Res. Biol. Carara, Río Carara in Carara, 9°46.680'N, 84°31.860'W, el. 200 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Trinidad, Venezuela.

danielae Henriques-Oliveira, Dumas, and Nessimian, 2014:276 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Barcelos, Rio Aracá, Comunidade Bacuquara, 00°00'55.11"N, 63°10'38.75"W, el. 52 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:62 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

doesburgi Flint, 1974c:126 [Type locality: Suriname, Boven Para, near Berlijn; RNH; ♂]. —Henriques-Oliveira et al., 2014:279 [distribution].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

dominguezi Rueda Martín, Gibon, and Molina, 2011:25 [Type locality: Bolivia, Béni, Lake Colorada, near Trinidad, 14°48'21"S, 64°58'41"W; IML; ♂]. —Henriques-Oliveira et al., 2014:280 [distribution].

Distribution. Bolivia, Brazil.

elata Denning and Sykora, 1966:1225 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Almilinta; CAS; ♂; ♀; as elatus]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:213 [distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:31 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Mexico.

excisa Ulmer, 1907a:15 [Type locality: Argentina, Chaco de Santa Fé, Las Garzas, Río Las Garzas, 25 km W Ocampo; MNHNP; ♂]. —Flint, 1982c:50 [♂; distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:78 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:47 [♂; distribution]. —Rueda Martín et al., 2011:25 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Souza et al, 2013a:6 [distribution]. —Quinteiro et al., 2014:233 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:62 [checklist]. —Henriques-Oliveira et al., 2014:280 [distribution]. —Quinteiro and Calor, 2015:19 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

—mutila Navás, 1918d:22 [Type locality: Argentina, Santa Fe; MZBS; ♂]. —Schmid, 1949a:382 [to synonymy].

—castilleja Navás, 1920a:134 [Type locality: Argentina, Santa Fe; collection Navás, now lost?; ♀]. —Schmid, 1949a:381 [possible synonym of excisa]. —Flint, 1972b:244 [to synonymy].

—muhnia Navás, 1920c:28 [Type locality: Argentina, Santa Fe; collection Navás, now lost?; ♂]. —Flint, 1972b:244 [to synonymy].

—apicata Navás, 1931a:323 [Type locality: Argentina, Chaco de Santiago del Estero, env. d’Icaño; MNHNP; ♀]. —Flint, 1982c:50 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico, Paraguay, Venezuela.

falicia Denning, in Denning and Sykora 1966:1225 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island; CAS; ♂; ♀]. —Aguila, 1992:544 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

fibra Chen and Morse, 2012, in Quinteiro and Calor, 2012:54 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Estação Biológica Boracéia, Córrego Venerando; MZUSP; ♂]. —Henriques-Oliveira et al., 2014:280 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:62 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

froehlichi Quinteiro and Calor, 2015:12 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Wenceslau Guimarães, Estação Ecológica Estadual Wenceslau Guimarães, Riacho Serra Grande; MZUSP; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

furcata Quinteiro and Calor, 2015:10 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Camacan, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Serra Bonita, stream 1; MZUSP; ♂]. —Dias et al., 2015:377 [distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

haitises Flint and Sykora, 2004:46 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Hato Mayor Province, Parque Los Haitises, 3 km W Cueva de Arena, 19°04'N, 69°29'W, el. 20 m; CMNH; ♀; ♂ unknown]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

iara Henriques-Oliveira, Dumas, and Nessimian, 2014:277 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Foz do Iguaçu, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Rio São João, 25°37'13.50"S, 54°28'35.90"W, el. 178 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:62 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

iguazu Flint, 1983a:70 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Río Iguazú, Camp Nañdu; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:370 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Quinteiro et al., 2014:234 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:63 [checklist]. —Henriques-Oliveira et al., 2014:280 [distribution]. —Quinteiro and Calor, 2015:22 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay.

inconspicua (Walker), 1852:71 [Type locality: United States, Georgia; BMNH; ♂; in Leptocerus]. —Betten and Mosely, 1940:67 [♂; redescription]. —Ross, 1944:242 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; synonymy; distribution]. —Ross, 1951a:73 [distribution]. —Denning, 1964:134 [checklist]. —Flint, 1964a:64 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1967d:174 [distribution]. —Flint, 1968a:54 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Flint, 1968b:82 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:213 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:52 [distribution]. —Flint, 1981a:32 [♂; distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:6 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:74 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1991a:134 [distrubution]. —Flint, 1991:97 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1992d:74 [possibly inconspicua]. —Aguila, 1992:544 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:105 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b: 421 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Moulton and Stewart, 1996:151 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1197 [checklist]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:41 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:46 [distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:46 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [biology; distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:24 [distribution; biology]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:305 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:359 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín et al., 2011:27 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Quinteiro et al., 2014:234 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:62 [checklist]. —Henriques-Oliveira et al., 2014:281 [distribution]. —Quinteiro and Calor, 2015:24 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

—flaveolata (Hagen), 1861:282 [Type locality: United States, Louisiana, New Orleans; MCZ; ♂; ♀; in Setodes]. —Milne 1934:19 [to synonymy].

—micans (Hagen), 1861:283 [Type locality: United States, Washington, D.C. and Mexico; MCZ; ♂; ♀; in Setodes]. —Milne 1934:19 [to synonymy].

—sagitta (Hagen), 1861:284 [Type locality: United States, Florida; MCZ; ♀; in Setodes]. —Milne 1934:19 [to synonymy].

—parvula (Banks), 1899:215 [Type locality: United States, Washington, D.C.; MCZ; ♀; in Oecetina]. —Milne 1934:19 [to synonymy].

—flavida (Banks), 1899:216 [Type locality: United States, Florida, Kissimmee; MCZ; sex not stated; in Oecetina]. —Milne 1934:19 [to synonymy].

—inornata (Banks), 1907a:128 [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Douglas; MCZ; sex not stated; in Oecetina]. —Milne 1934:19 [to synonymy].

—apicalis (Banks), 1907a:129 [Type locality: United States, Texas, Brownsville; MCZ; ♂; in Oecetina]. —Milne 1934:19 [to synonymy].

—antillana (Banks), 1938:298 [Type locality: Cuba, Soledad, near Cienfuegos; MCZ; ♂; in Oecetina]. —Flint, 1967c:23 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, U.S.A., Venezuela.

inflata Flint, 1974c:125 [Type locality: Suriname, Wilhelmina Mountains, trail II km 5.7, creek; RNHL; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

knutsoni Flint, 1981a:32 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Ocumare [de la Costa]]; NMNH; ♂]. —Malicky, 1983:264, 266 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:97 [♂; distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:50 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu 1994a:51, [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:422 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist]. —Medellín et al., 2004:201 [distribution; biology]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:56 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín et al., 2011:27 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Henriques-Oliveira et al., 2014:281 [distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:7 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guadeloupe, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

maritza Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:40 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación Maritza, Río Tempisquito, 10°57.480'N, 85°29.820'W, el. 550 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

marquesi Bueno-Soria, 1981:113 [Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo León, Monterrey, Potrero Redondo; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:67 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Mexico.

martinae Quinteiro and Calor, 2015:6 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Wenceslau Guimarães, Estação Ecológica Estadual Wenceslau Guimarães, Riacho Serra Grande, near Station headquarters, 13°35'43"S, 38°43'12"W; MZUSP; ♂]. —Dias et al., 2015:377 [distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

maspeluda Botosaneanu, 1977:280 [Type locality: Cuba, Isla de Pinos, Santa Fé, Arroyo La Talega; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:52 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

metlacensis Bueno-Soria, 1981:109 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, 5 km Puente Villa Unión; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Houghton 2001:91 [distrobution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [likely Oecetis apache, biology; distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:42 [♂; redescription; distribution; record by Houghton, 2001, from Arizona is Oecetis apache].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico.

mexicana Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:45 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Río Tulija, 48 km S Palenque; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela.

oberdorffi Rueda Martín, Gibon, and Molina, 2011:29 [Type locality: Bolivia, Bella Vista, Lake Granja, 13°15'50"S, 63°42'33"W; IML; ♂].

Distribution. Bolivia.

paranensis Flint, 1982a:46 [Type locality: Argentina, Chaco, Riacho. Barranqueras, Puerto Vilelas; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1982c:52 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:421 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín et al., 2011:29 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Souza et al, 2013a:6 [distribution]. —Quinteiro et al., 2014:235 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:63 [checklist]. —Henriques-Oliveira et al., 2014:281 [distribution]. —Quinteiro and Calor, 2015:27 [♂; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru.

patula Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:49 [Type locality: Guatemala, Baja Verapaz, Rt 5, Km 156, Puente Las Burras; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Guatemala, Nicaragua.

peruviana (Banks), 1924:446 [Type locality: Peru, Iquitos; MCZ; ♂; in Oecetina]. —Flint, 1967c:23 [♂ lectotype].

Distribution. Peru.

pratti Denning, 1947a:656 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, El Yunque; CAS; ♂]. —Flint, 1964a:62 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1968b:67 [♂; ♀; larva]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:59 [distribution].

Distribution. Grenada, Dominica, Puerto Rico.

prolongata Flint, 1981a:33 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Maracay, Río Limón, Estación Piscicultura; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

protrusa Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:51 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Heredia, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Est. Magsasay, Río Peje, 10°24.120'N, 84°3.000'W, el. 130 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama.

pseudoamazonica Rueda Martín, Gibon, and Molina, 2011:31 [Type locality: Bolivia, Lake Colorada, near Trinidad, 14°48'21"S, 64°58'41"W; IML; ♂].

Distribution. Bolivia, Venezuela.

pseudoinconspicua Bueno-Soria, 1981:106 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Cd. Alemán; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:74 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:544 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama.

punctata (Navás), 1924c:85 [Type locality: Costa Rica; MNHNP; ♀; in Oecetinella]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:74 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico.

punctipennis (Ulmer), 1905b:77 [Type locality: Brazil, Sta. Rita; NHMW; ♀; in Pseudosetodes]. —Flint, 1966a:10 [♀ lectotype; ♂]. —Flint, 1974c:123 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1982c:53 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:74 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:6 [distribution]. —Flint, 1992d:73 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:421 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:544 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1198 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:47 [♂; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín et al., 2011:31 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Souza et al, 2013a:7 [distribution]. —Quinteiro et al., 2014:235 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:63 [checklist]. —Quinteiro and Calor, 2015:29 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:8 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

—parishi (Banks), 1914b (1915):631 [Type locality: Guyana; MCZ; ♂; in Oecetina]. —Flint, 1966a:10 [to synonymy].

—bridarollina Navás, 1933a:116 [Type locality: Argentina, Santa Fe; ISMA; ♂]. —Flint, 1972b:245 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

rafaeli Flint, 1992d:74 [Type locality: Brazil, Estado Roraima, Ilha Maraca, Rio Uraricoera; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Ribeiro et al., 2009:34 [list of types]. —Rueda Martín et al., 2011:21 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:63 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia, Brazil.

scoparia Flint, 1974c:123 [Type locality: Suriname, Nassau Mountains, km 11.3, creek; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

silviae Bueno-Soria, 1981:115 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Las Minas; IBUNAM; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

sordida Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:56 [Type locality: USA, South Dakota, Lawrence Co., Black Hills National Forest, Boxelder Creek, 1.8 mi W Nemo, 44°11.846'N, 103°32.024'W, el. 1470 m; UMSP; ♂].

—disjuncta Smith and Lehmkuhl 1980: 638 nec Banks [larval description and distribution, at least in part]. —Floyd 1995:29 [ditto]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:56 [some material of authors likely sordida].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

traini Rueda Martín, Gibon, and Molina, 2011:33 [Type locality: Bolivia, Lake Bay, Río Manuripi basin; IML; ♂].

Distribution. Bolivia.

tumida Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:59 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Limón, Res. Biol. Barbilla, Río Dantas, 15 km (road) S Pacuarito, 9°59.640'N, 83°26.580'W, el. 300 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

uncata Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:61 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, Río Dos Amigos & falls, ca. 6 km (rd) NW tunnel, 9°42.240'N, 83°46.980'W, el. 1500 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

verrucula Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2014:63 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Hda. Tempisquito (Pelón de la Altura), 1 km NE km 265, rt. 1, 10°50.400'N, 85°33.600'W, el. 100 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua.

Genus Osflintia Calor and Holzenthal [1]

Osflintia Calor and Holzenthal, 2008:249 [Type species: Osflintia manu, Calor and Holzenthal, 2008, original designation].

The genus is known only from the male holotype from Peru, but a second male specimen was collected recently in the country (L.E. Rázuri Gonzales, personal communication). While the other life history stages are unknown, it is a typical member of the subfamily Grumichellinae. The genus was sister to Atanatolica in the phylogeny proposed by Calor and Holzenthal (2008) when both adult and larval characters where included in their analysis, but was recovered as sister to Amazonatolica with only adult characters considered.

manu Calor and Holzenthal, 2008:250 [Type locality: Peru, Cuzco, Puente San Pedro, 50 km NW Pilcopata, el. 1600 m; MHNJP, currently housed in NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:417 [as probable new genus, n. sp.].

Distribution. Peru.

Genus Setodes Rambur [1 + †2]

Setodes Rambur, 1842:515 [Type species: Setodes punctella Rambur, 1842, synonym of Phryganea viridis Fourcroy 1785, subsequent designation of Milne 1934].

This is a large genus found on all continents except South and Central America and from west of the Great Plains in North America. Schmid (1987) provided a world revision. In the Neotropics, two fossil species have been described from Dominican amber and one living species occurs on Hispaniola. This distribution is anomalous and it is unknown whether the Domincan species are more closely related to eastern North American species, African species, or those from elsewhere.

The immature stages are found in cool, running water where they burrow in sand, often in the lee of large rocks in the stream. The larvae are omnivorous, feeding on both filamentous algae and small animals that wander within capturing distance (Merrill and Wiggins 1971).

anomalus Flint and Sykora, 2004:47 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Peravia Province, 3 km SW La Nuez, tributary to Río Las Cuevas, 18°40'N , 70°36'W, 1870 m; CMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

† aureoinclusa Wichard, 1995b:170 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; NMNH; ♂; in amber]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:42 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

† resinacapta Wichard, 1995b:168 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; collection Wichard; ♂; in amber]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:42 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

Genus Triaenodes McLachlan [26]

Triaenodes McLachlan, 1865:110 [replacement name for Triaena McLachlan] [Type species: Leptocerus bicolor Curtis, 1834, subsequent selection of Ross 1944]. —Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:1 [revision of Neotropical species, key]. —Manuel, 2010:1 [revision of North American species, key, distribution].

The genus Triaenodes is a large, cosmopolitan group of leptocerine caddisflies that is especially diverse in the Old World tropics. In the Neotropics, 26 species occur from southern Mexico to Peru. All except one, Triaenodes frontalis Banks a Nearctic species reaching northern Baja California, belong to a morphologically distinct subgroup within the genus. Of the Latin American species, only Triaenodes columbicus Ulmer strays from the group pattern as its genitalia resemble those of Old World species. Its type, with the abdomen now lost, was probably mislabelled. Triaenodes tardus Milne was listed in the checklist by Rasmussen and Morse (2014) as “Mexico (Hagen, 1861),” but since the species was not described in 1861 this must be a lapsus calami. Also, this species was not listed from Mexico in the extensive review of the genus by Manuel (2010) nor in any checklist of Mexican caddisflies.

The larval and pupal stages of the Costa Rican species Triaenodes tico were described by Holzenthal and Andersen (2004) and closely resemble immatures of the North American species in both morphology and case architecture. These larvae were collected from mats of riparian tree rootlets submerged along the edge of a small mountain stream, a habitat similar to that of the North American species Triaenodes taenia Ross (Manuel and Braatz 1984).

abruptus Flint, 1991:96 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada La Ayurá, Envigado (trap B); NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist]. —Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:14 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Colombia.

acanthus Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:15 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Río Jamapa, 6 km. N Coscomatepec; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

anomalus Flint, 1967b:16 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, near Chilpancingo, route 95, km 297; NMNH; ♂]. /]. —Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:16 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:7 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama.

chirripo Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:17 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Quebrada Platanillo, ca. 5 km E Moravia de Chirripó, 09°49'16"N, 083°24'25"W, 1130 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

clauseni Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:18 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Cerro Campana, Río Bochinche trib. 6 km (air) NW Dos Rios, 10°56'42"N, 085°24'47"W, el. 600 m; UMSP; ♂; female]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama.

columbicus Ulmer, 1909c:141 [Type locality: Colombia; PAN; ♂]. —Flint, 1966a:10 [type abdomen lost]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist]. —Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:5 [discussion of type].

Distribution. Colombia.

cuyotenango Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:19 [Type locality: Guatemala, Suchitepquez, Cuyotenango; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Guatemala.

delicatus Navás, 1924c:84 [Type locality: Costa Rica, La Caja; MNHNP; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:75 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:20 [♂; ♀; redescription; variation, distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

flintorum Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:23 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, 8 km S Valle Nacional; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

frontalis Banks, 1907a: 127 [Type locality: USA, Colorado, Fort Collins; MCZ; ♂]. —Manuel, 2010:101 [♂; female/, review, distribution (Baja California)]

Distribution. Canada, Mexico, U.S.A.

guadaloupe Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:24 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Guadalupe Arriba, 08°52'26"N, 082°33'13"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

hodgesi Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:24 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pichincha, Sto. Domingo de los Colorados, 14 km E; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Ecuador.

hornitos Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:25 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Fortuna Dam Site nr. Hornitos, 08°55'00"N, 082°16'00"W, 1050 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

kilambe Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:26 [Type locality: Nicaragua, Jinotega, Cerro Kilambé, 13°34'00"N, 085°43'00"W, el. 1520 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist].

Distribution. Nicaragua.

mexicanus Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:27 [Type locality: Mexico, Morélos, Cuernavaca, vi.1911; BMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

moncho Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:28 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito & tribs., 10°12'58"N, 084°36'25"W, el. 980 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

morai Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:29 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito & tribs., 10°12'58"N, 084°36'25"W, el. 980 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua.

nicaraguensis Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:29 [Type locality: Nicaragua, Matagalpa, 50 km E Matagalpa, El Coyolar, 85°50'00"N, 013°07'00"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:44 [checklist].

Distribution. Nicaragua.

oaxacensis Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:30 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, 1 mi. NE of Ixtlan de Juarez; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

peruanus Flint and Reyes, 1991:488 [Type locality: Peru, Dept. La Libertad, Prov. Trujillo, Dist. Simbal, Río Lucumar, Simbal; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:31 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.

tajo Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:32 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Jaba, rock quarry, 1.4 km (air) W Las Cruces, 08°47'24"N, 082°58'12"W, el. 1150 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

talamanca Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:33 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Guineal, ca 1 km (air) E Finca Helechales, 09°04'34"N, 083°05'31"W, el. 840 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:8 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

tapanti Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:34 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, unnamed tribs [QuebradaPalmitos & falls], ca. 9 km (road) NW tunnel, 09°43'12"N, 083°46'48"W, el. 1400 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

tico Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:35 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, Río Parrita Chiquito, rt. 12, 6.5 km SW jct. rt. 2, 09°42'11"N, 083°58'12"W, el. 1990 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; biology]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

tuxtlensis Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:37 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Los Tuxtlas Biological Station, Los Tuxtlas area, Río Palma, above La Palma; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

woldai Holzenthal and Andersen, 2004:38 [Type locality: Panama, Bocas del Toro, Miramar, 09°00'00"N, 082°15'00"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

Genus Triplectides Kolenati [16]

Triplectides Kolenati, 1859:247 [Type species: Mystacides gracilis Burmeister, 1839, subsequent designation of Mosely, 1936a]. —Mosely, 1936a:91 [revision]. —Holzenthal, 1988a:187 [revision].

Tetracentron Brauer 1865:418 [Type species: Tetracentron sarothrops Brauer, 1865, by monotypy]. —Mosely, 1936a:92 [to synonymy].

This primarily southern hemisphere genus contains about 80 species, making it the largest in its subfamily. Morse and Neboiss (1982) reviewed the Australian species and Holzenthal (1988a) reviewed the Neotropical species. Sixteen species are known from the Neotropics and occur from southern Mexico to Patagonia.

The larvae are easily recognized by their cases, which are often constructed of a hollowed-out twig or a discarded case of another trichopteran, and have been described a number of times (Holzenthal 1988a, Crisci-Bisbo et al. 2004, Camargos and Pes 2011, Sganga et al. 2013). Larvae are found in pools of small streams where they undoubtledly feed as detrital shredders.

chilensis Holzenthal, 1988a:191 [Type locality: Chile, Osorno, Parque Nacional Puyehue, Aguas Calientes; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

cipo Henriques-Oliveira and Dumas, 2015:67 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Jaboticatubas, Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó, Córrego das Pedras, 19°22'16.7"S, 48°36'2.8"W, el. 766 m; DZRJ; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Brazil.

colombicus Navás, 1916b:67 [Type locality: Colombia, Choachí; type depository not designated; stated as ♀; but ♂ according to Holzenthal, 1988a:193]. —Mosely, 1936a:126 [as Triplectides ?]. —Holzenthal, 1988a:193 [nomen dubium]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

egleri Sattler, 1963c:20 [Type locality: Brazil, Pará, Belém; type depository not designated; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1974c:137 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988a:193 [redescription; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Sganga et al., 2013:27 [larva; differentiation from other species]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:63 [checklist]. —Gomes de Brito et al., 2015:332 [ecology].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Suriname.

flintorum Holzenthal, 1988a:193 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, 2.5 mi. W Tilarán; NMNH; ♂; ♀].—Ulmer, 1907b:41 [misidentification as gracilis, in part]. —Mosely, 1936a:96 [misidentification as gracilis, in part]. —Flint, 1974c:137 [as gracilis, in part]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:212 [misidentification as gracilis, in part]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:75 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:7 [misidentification as gracilis, in part]. —Flint, 1991:87 [♂; distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:544 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b: 418 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1198 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist]. —Medellín et al., 2004:201 [distribution; biology]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:359 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname.

gracilis (Burmeister), 1839:921 [Type locality: Brazil, Nova Friburgo; ZIUH (destroyed); ♂; in Mystacides]. —Ulmer, 1905a:27 [redescription ♂ type]. —Mosely, 1936a:96 [♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988a:195 [Neotype: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, municipal water supply; NMNH; ♂; ♀; redescription; distribution]. —Almeida and Marinoni, 2000:349 [distribution; biology]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:46 [♂; distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2009:370 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:18 [distribution]. —Sganga et al., 2013:26 [larva; pupa; distribution]. —Manzo et al., 2014:167 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:64 [checklist]. —Quinteiro et al., 2014:235 [distribution]. —Dias et al., 2015:377 [distribution]. —Moretto and Bispo, 2015:126 [distrtibution].

—princeps (Burmeister), 1839:921 [Type locality: Brazil, Nova Friburgo; ZIUH (destroyed); ♂; in Mystacides]. —Ulmer, 1905a:27 [to synonymy].

—ramulorus (Müller), 1921:541, 543, figs. 189bb, 194bd, 234 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina; no type nor type depository designated; larva; pupa; in Tetracentron]. —Holzenthal, 1988a:195 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Suriname.

itatiaia Dumas and Nessimian, 2010b:949 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio Tapera, 22°26'59.64"S, 44°36'19.39"W, el. 794 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:19 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:64 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

jaffuelli Navás, 1918d:9 [Type locality: Chile, Marga-Marga; MZBS; ♂]. —Mosely, 1936a:126 [redescription]. —Schmid, 1949a:352 [♂]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Holzenthal, 1988a:198 [♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1990:119 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:78 [distribution]. —Sganga et al., 2013:27 [larva; differentiation from other species].

—monotona Navás, 1918c:225 [Type locality: Chile, Marga-Marga, Los Perales; MZBS; ♂]. —Schmid, 1949a:358 [to synonymy].

—robustus Schmid, 1955a:136 [Type locality: Chile, Isla de Chilóe, Ancud; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Holzenthal, 1988a:198 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

misionensis Holzenthal, 1988a:198 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, Arroyo Piray Guazú, N San Pedro, NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:371 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:19 [distribution]. —Sganga et al., 2013:24 [larva; pupa; distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:64 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Argentina.

neblinus Holzenthal, 1988a:199 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, basecamp, 0°51'N, 66°10'W, Cerro de la Neblina; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

neotropicus Holzenthal, 1988a:200 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, camp IV, 0°58'N, 65°57'W, Cerro de la Neblina; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:371 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:19 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:64 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Venezuela.

nevadus Holzenthal, 1988a:202 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, 2 E San Carlos de Río Negro; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Peru, Venezuela.

nigripennis Mosely, 1936a:97 [Type locality: Argentina, Terr. Río Negro, Bariloche; BMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Holzenthal, 1988a:202 [redescription]. —Cohen, 2004:74, 78 [list of type material, distribution].

—multipunctatus Schmid, 1955a:136 [Type locality: Chile, Isla de Chilóe, Ancud; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Holzenthal, 1988a:203 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

qosqo Henriques-Oliveira and Dumas, 2015:67 [Type locality: Peru, Cuzco, 19 rd km W Quincemil, Río Araza tributary, 12°20'10"S, 70°50'5"W, el. 874 m; MHNJP; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

tepui Holzenthal, 1988a:203 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, camp II, 0°49'N, 65°59'W, Cerro de la Neblina; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

ultimus Holzenthal, 1988a:205 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia; MZSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:371 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:19 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:64 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

Family Limnephilidae

This large family of some 1000 species is one of the dominant families in the northern regions and high elevations of North America and Eurasia. None are knowv from tropical Africa, and no more than a couple from Australia. In Mexico and the mountains of Central America, as far south as Panama, several species occur, but these are clearly part of a temperate, western North American cordilleran fauna. In South America several endemic genera and species occur, all members of the subfamily Dicosmoecinae, but most of these are restricted to the high Andes of Boliva, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru or to Patagonia, where several dozen species occur. None occur in the topical lowlands. These species are perhaps persistent representatives of an ancient trans-Antarctic fauna, a distributional pattern typical of the austral South American caddisfly fauna as a whole. The occurrence of a species in southeastern Brazil is notable. In total, 10 genera and 51 species are currently known from Mexico and the Neotropics and all but 3 genera and 19 species are primarily restricted to the southern cone of the South American landmass.

Genus Anomalocosmoecus Schmid [4]

Anomalocosmoecus Schmid 1957:390 [Type species: Anomalocosmoecus blancasi Schmid, 1957, original designation]. —Flint, 1982b:3 [larva].

This South American endemic genus of four species was originally established for Anomalocosmoecus blancasi Schmid from Lake Titicaca. A second species, Anomalocosmoecus illiesi (Marlier), is known from high elevations in the Andes of Peru, Ecuador, and southern Colombia. The third and fourth species, Anomalocosmoecus argentinica Flint and Anomalocosmoecus subtropicalis (Schmid), are known from Argentina and Peru, respectively, although the identity of the latter species in questionable.

Immature stages of Anomalocosmoecus illiesi were described by Marlier (1963) and larvae of Anomalocosmoecus blancasi by Flint (1982b). Larvae of Anomalocosmoecus illiesi were reported from small mountain streams in the páramo and upper yungan areas whereas those of Anomalocosmoecus blancasi occurred among Elodea and Scirpus beds in the littoral zone of Lake Titicaca, as well as on the bottom, 5 m below the surface (Flint 1982b).

argentinicus Flint, 1983a:66 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Salta, Malcante, rt. 59, km 32, W Chicoana; NMNH; pharate ♂; ♀; few larval characters]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

blancasi Schmid, 1957:390 [Type locality: Peru, Lake Titicaca, Pomata; ROM; ♂]. —Flint, 1980a:216 [distribution]. —Flint, 1982b:3 [larva].

Distribution. Bolivia/Peru [Lake Titicaca].

illiesi (Marlier), 1962b:5 [Type locality: Peru, Río Huallaga; IRSNB; ♂; in Magellomyia]. —Marlier 1963:243 [larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1982b:3 [to Anomalocosmoecus]. —Botosaneanu and Flint, 1982:19 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:85 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:279 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.

subtropicalis (Schmid), 1955a:146 [Type locality: Peru, Cuzco, Hacienda Urco, near Calca; FMNH, type now missing according to Flint, 1982b; ♀; in Magellomyia]. —Flint, 1982b:3 [to Anomalocosmoecus].

Distribution. Peru.

Genus Antarctoecia Ulmer [2]

Antarctoecia Ulmer, 1907d:61 [Type species: Dicosmoecus nordenskioeldii Ulmer, 1905b, by monotypy]. —Schmid, 1955b:43 [diagnosis].

This genus, now of two species, is known with certainly only from elevations of 4500–5000 meters in the provinces of Jujuy and Catamarca, Argentina, and from southeastern Brazil.

Flint (1982b) attributed larvae from Cochabamba, Bolivia, to the genus, but cautioned that they might represent an undescribed species or genus. These larvae built circular, slightly tapered and curved, “shaggy” cases of transversely or obliquely placed plant material. They occurred in the puna grassland in meadow pools along small, spring-fed creeks. The larva described from Brazil lived on the rocky bottom, in the fast flowing area of a third order stream; gut contents of algae indicated that the larvae fed as scrapers (Huamantinco and Nessimian 2003). Cases were made of mineral fragments.

brasiliensis Huamantinco and Nessimian, 2003:226 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Rio Aiuruoca, 1860 m, 22°20'9.28"S, 44°4'6.06"W; DZRJ; ♂; ♀]. —Huamantinco and Nessimiana, 2004a:2 [larva; pupa]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:13 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:20 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:64 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

nordenskioeldii (Ulmer), 1905b:65 [Type locality: Argentina, Chani, Puna de Jujuy; NRS; ♂; in Dicosmoecus]. —Ulmer 1907d:61 [to Antarctoecia]. —Schmid, 1949b:594 [redescription; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1982b:4 [tentative larva].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia [?].

Genus Austrocosmoecus Schmid [1]

Austrocosmoecus Schmid, 1955b:54 [Type species: Austrocosmoecus hirsutus Schmid, 1955b, by monotypy]. —Flint, 1982b:6 [larva].

The single species in this genus is widespread and common in small mountain streams in the Andes from the Straits of Magellan north to south-central Chile and adjacent Argentina.

Larval cases are variable, but usually made of plant matter (Flint 1982b). Larvae most commonly are associated with the Nothofagus forest, where they crawl in leaf-litter piles in small, clear, cool, fast flowing streams.

hirsutus Schmid, 1955b:55 [Type locality: Chile, Malleco, Río Blanco; ROM; ♂; ♀]. —Ulmer, 1904:14 [in part, larvae only, as Stenophylax hyadesi (Mabille), 1888]. —Flint, 1974e:84, 88 [larva described by Ulmer as Stenophylax hyadesi is this species, checklist]. —Flint, 1982b:6 [larva; distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:78 [distribution]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:35 [biology; habitat].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Clistoronia Banks [1]

Clistoronia Banks, 1916:119 [Type species: Halesus magnus Banks, 1899 [recte magnificus], by monotypy]. —Ross and Merkley, 1952:436 [as synonym of Limnephilus]. —Schmid, 1955b:154 [redescription].

This genus contains four species distributed over the western North American cordillera, from Alaska to Durango, Mexico. Larvae of Clistoronia magnifica were described by Wiggins (1996) and its biology was studied by Winterbourn (1971). Larvae build cases of small pieces of irregularly arranged wood and, at least in Clistoronia magnifica, live in small lakes and ponds at high elevations. Anderson and Belnavis (1991) gave an account of rearing the species in laboratory culture for 30 generations.

graniculata (Denning), in Denning and Sykora, 1966:1223 [Type locality: Mexico, Durango, ten miles west of El Salto; CAS; ♂; ♀; in Limnephilus]. —Flint, 1967d:171 [to Clistoronia; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:209 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

Genus Hesperophylax Banks [2]

Hesperophylax Banks, 1916:118 [Type species: Platyphylax occidentalis Banks, 1908, by monotypy]. —Parker and Wiggins, 1985:2444 [revision].

Parker and Wiggins (1985) recognized seven species in this genus. Species occur across the northern part of the North American continent, throughout the western mountains, and in the Mexican transvolcanic belt. Several species found in the mountains of southern Arizona undoubtedly also occur in adjacent Mexico.

Larvae build slightly curved and tapered cases of rock fragments, and are usually associated with depositional areas in running waters. They seem to be broadly omnivorous, feeding on both plant and animal material. The larvae of Hesperophylax mexicanus occured among aquatic plants in a small spring-fed stream at 2,820 m elevation in the mountains south of Mexico City (Bueno-Soria et al., 1981). Gut contents of larvae contained small pieces of vascular plant tissue as well as detritus (Parker and Wiggins 1985).

magnus Banks, 1918:20 [Type locality: Arizona, Cochise Co., Palmerlee; MCZ; ♂]. —Ross, 1938a:32 [♂ lectotype]. —Flint, 1967d:171 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:209 [distribution]. —Parker and Wiggins, 1985:2461 [♂; ♀; larva]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [distribution; biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:303 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

mexico Parker and Wiggins, 1985:2464 [Type locality: Mexico, Morelos, P.N. Lagunas de Zempoala; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva].

Distribution. Mexico.

Genus Limnephilus Leach [13]

Limnephilus Leach, 1815:136 [Type species: Phryganea rhombica Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy]. —Fischer, 1968:1 [synonymy, catalog]. —Ruiter, 1995:1 [revision North American species].

This large genus of over 150 species occurs throughout the Holarctic Region, with outliers extending southwardly in the higher elevation of Mexico and Central America to central Costa Rica. The approximately 100 North American species were reviewed by Ross and Merkley (1952) and by Ruiter (1995), where all species are illustrated as well. Vshivkova et al. (2007) reviewed the higher-level phylogeny and classification of Limnephilus and related genera.

The larvae of many species have been described from Europe, northern Asia, and North America (Hickin 1967, Lepneva 1971, Wiggins 1996). They make a diverse variety of cases, incorporating mineral matter, plant fragments, and sometimes small molluscan shells, crustaceans and caddisfly cases. In general they occupy lentic sites, including small vernal pools, marshes, tarns, ponds, and lakes; some are also known from slower reaches of rivers and streams, or even cold springs. They generally feed on plant matter, although they will feed opportunistically on dead animal matter.

baja Ruiter, 1995:24 [Type locality: Mexico, Baja California Norte, 10.1 miles west of Catavina; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Mexico.

biparta Denning, in Denning and Sykora, 1966:1223 [Type locality: Mexico, Durango, ten miles west of El Salto; CAS; ♂]. —Flint, 1967d:170 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:210 [distribution]. —Ruiter, 1995:26 [♂; ♀; redescription].

Distribution. Mexico.

ctenifer Flint, 1967d:170 [Type locality: Mexico, Durango, 10 miles west of El Salto; CNC; ♂; ♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:210 [distribution]. —Ruiter, 1995:26 [♂; ♀; redescription].

Distribution. Mexico.

discolor (Banks), 1901:367 [Type locality: Mexico, D.F., Tacubaya; MCZ; ♂; in Platyphylax]. —Flint, 1963b:211 [♂; redescription]. —Denning and Sykora, 1966:1222 [♀; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:210 [distribution]. —Ruiter, 1995:28 [♂; ♀; redescription].

Distribution. Mexico.

frijole Ross, 1944:282 [Type locality: Texas, Frijole, Manzaneta Spring; INHS; ♂; ♀]. —Denning, 1964:134 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:210 [distribution]. —Ruiter 1995:30 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [distribution; biology].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

hamifer Flint, 1963b:212 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Mount Poas; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:71 [distribution]. —Ruiter, 1995:30 [♂; ♀; redescription]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:8 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

lithus (Milne), 1935:40 [Type locality: Colo., Boulder; MCZ; ♂; in Anabolina]. —Ross, 1944:298 [to Limnephilus]. —Ross and Merkley, 1952:450 [♂]. —Ruiter, 1995:13 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [distribution; biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:303 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

maya Flint, 1967b:16 [Type locality: Guatemala, El Progreso, Finca la Cajeta; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:210 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:71 [distribution; record doubtful]. —Ruiter 1995:31 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:359 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica[?], Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.

mexicanus Flint, 1967d:171 [Type locality: Mexico, Durango, 10 miles west of El Salto; CNC; ♂; ♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:210 [distribution]. —Ruiter, 1995:31 [♂; ♀; redescription].

Distribution. Mexico.

pollux Flint, 1967d:169 [Type locality: Mexico, Durango, 10 miles west of El Salto; CNC; ♂; ♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:210 [distribution]. —Ruiter, 1995:33 [♂; ♀; redescription].

Distribution. Mexico.

rothi Denning, 1966:235 [Type locality: Arizona, Cochise County, Southwestern Research Station, 5 miles west of Portal; CAS; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1967d:169 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:210 [distribution]. —Ruiter, 1995:28 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [distribution; biology].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

solidus (Hagen), 1861:267 [Type locality: Mexico; ZMHU; ♀; in Hallesus]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:210 [distribution]. —Ruiter, 1995:34 [♂; ♀; redescription].

—toussianti Banks, 1924:439 [Type locality: Haiti, Port au Prince; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1963b:211 [♂; redescription; type locality in error?; not Haiti, emended to toussainti]. —Flint, 1967d:169 [distribution]. —Ruiter, 1995:34 [to synoymy].

Distribution. Haiti[?], Mexico.

tulatus Denning, 1962a:36 [Type locality: Arizona, Santa Cruz County, Sycamore Creek, near Ruby; CAS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:210 [distribution]. —Ruiter, 1995:13 [♂; ♀; redescription; distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:333 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

Genus Metacosmoecus Schmid [1]

Metacosmoecus Schmid, 1955b:39 [Type species: Metacosmoecus nigrofasciatus Schmid, 1955b, by monotypy]. —Flint, 1982b:10 [larva].

The single species in this genus is known from central Chile where it is infrequently encountered. Larvae burrow in sandy deposits in small streams, but are also known to burrow into accumulations of sand and silt beneath moss growing on vertical rock surfaces. Cases are made of small rock fragments (Flint 1982b).

nigrofasciatus Schmid, 1955b:40 [Type locality: Chile, Isla de Chiloé, Aulen; ROM; ♂]. —Schmid, 1957:387 [variation, distribution]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist]. —Flint, 1982b:10 [larva].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Monocosmoecus Ulmer [6]

Monocosmoecus Ulmer, 1906:13 [Type species: Monocosmoecus vanderweeli Ulmer, 1906, subsequent selection of Schmid 1955b]. —Schmid, 1955b:62 [diagnosis]. —Flint, 1982b:11 [larva].

Isocentropus Navás, 1918a:497 [Type species: Isocentropus lutzinus Navás, 1918a = Halesus hyadesi Mabille 1888, by monotypy]. —Schmid, 1955b:62 [to synonymy].

Nolga Navás, 1929a:333 [Type species: Nolga truncata Navás, 1929a = Monocosmoecus vanderweeli Ulmer 1906, by monotypy]. —Schmid, 1949a:409 [to synonymy].

Monocosmoecus contains six species. Species occur widely from Tierra del Fuego through Patagonia to the province of Coquimbo, Chile. Larvae of three species have been described: Monocosmoecus obtusus by Flint (1967a), Monocosmoecus hyadesi by Ulmer (1904), and Monocosmoecus vanderweeli by Flint (1982b). Species occur in a variety of aquatic habitats, including very small mountain brooks, large clear rivers, lakes, and even artificial watercourses (Flint 1982b). Cases are made of mineral fragments with wood incorporated posteriorly.

aberrans Flint, 1969b:508 [Type locality: Argentina, Prov. Río Negro, Puerto Blest; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

hyadesi (Mabille), 1888:7 [Type locality: [Chile, Isla Hoste] Terre de Feu, baie Orange; MNHNP; ♂; in Halesus]. —Ulmer, 1906:19 [♂]. —Flint, 1974e:84, 89 [distribution].

—branchiatus (Ulmer), 1904:17 [Type locality: Süd Patagonien, Punta Arenas; lacking in ZSZMH; larva; in Stenophylax]. —Flint, 1974e:84 [to synonymy].

—lutzinus (Navás), 1918a:498 [Type locality: Argentina, Santa Cruz, Valle Túnel; MACN; ♂; in Isocentropus]. —Schmid, 1955b:64 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

minor Schmid, 1955a:147 [Type locality: Chile, Malleco, Río Blanco; ROM; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

obtusus Schmid, 1957:386 [Type locality: Chile, Ñuble, Las Trancas; ROM; ♂]. —Flint, 1967a:58 [larva; pupa; distribution]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist]. —Cohen, 2004:79 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

pulcher Ulmer, 1906:16 [Type locality: Argentina[?], Tierra de Fuego, “Rio Mc. Clelland”; BMNH; ♂]. —Cohen, 2004:79 [distribution].

—olens Döhler, 1915:409 [Type locality: Chile; ZMHU; ♀]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to synonymy].

—pulcherrimus Schmid, 1955a:146 [Type locality: Argentina, Neuquen, Nantuc; ROM; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:80 [to synonymy]. —Cohen, 2004:79 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

vanderweeli Ulmer, 1906:13 [Type locality: Argentina, Chubut; ZSZMH; ♂]. —Schmid, 1949a:409 [♂]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist]. —Schmid 1955b:64 [type species of genus]. —Flint, 1982b:12 [larva].

—truncatus (Navás), 1929a:333 [Type locality: Chile, Angol; collection Navás, lost; ♂; in Nolga]. —Schmid, 1949a:409 [Neotype: Chile, Angol; MZBS?; ♂; to Monocosmoecus]. —Schmid 1964:326 [to synonymy].

—calceatus (Navás), 1930b:364 [Type locality: Chile, Pilahueque, Dumo; type depository not given; ♀; in Nolga]. —Schmid, 1955b:64 [to synonymy of truncatus].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Platycosmoecus Schmid [1]

Beaumontia Schmid, 1958 [Type species: Beaumontia beaumonti Schmid, 1958b:206, original designation; preoccupied].

Platycosmoecus Schmid, 1964:326 [replacement name for Beaumontia, preoccupied. Type species: Beaumontia beaumonti Schmid, 1958b:207]. —Flint, 1982b:13 [larva].

This is yet another monotypic genus known only from the Chilean Subregion. The single species is large and distinctive and known from Ñuble south to Magallanes in Chile and adjacent Argentina. The larval stage occurs in small, fast-flowing mountain streams in the Nothofagus forest. They live among growths of mosses from which they build their cases (Flint 1982b).

beaumonti (Schmid), 1958b:207 [Type locality: Chile, Chiloé, Río Carihueco; ROM; ♂; as Beaumontia beaumontia, lapsus for beaumonti]. —Schmid 1964:326 [to Platycosmoecus]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [distribution] . —Flint, 1982b:13 [larva].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Verger Navás [20]

Verger Navás, 1918b:362 [Type species: Halesus porteri Navás, 1907, by monotypy]. —Schmid, 1955b:50, 53 [as synonyn of Magellomyia].

Nostrafilla Navás, 1918a:499 [Type species: Nostrafilla lutzi Navás, 1918a, original designation]. —Schmid, 1955b:50 [possible synonym of Magellomyia]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to synonymy].

Magellomyia Banks, 1920:348 [Type species: Magellomyia moesta Banks, 1920 = Stenophylax appendiculatus Ulmer, 1904, original designation]. —Flint, 1982b:8 [larva]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to synonymy].

Australomyia Schmid, 1949b:600 [Type species: Limnephilus meridionalis Ulmer, 1905c = Stenophylax appendiculatus Ulmer, 1904, original designation]. —Schmid, 1955b:50, 52 [as synonym of Magellomyia].

This is the largest dicosmoecine genus in the Neotropics, containing 20 described species. They are distributed from Tierra del Fuego, north into north central Chile and Argentina.

The larvae are generally found in lentic waters or backwaters of rivers and streams. Some species are known to inhabit vernal pools (Flint 1971b). They employ a variety of material in their cases, both plant and mineral particles being used, depending in part on the species. They seem to be mostly detritivores, feeding on course particulate organic matter and assimilating the microorganisms growing on leaf letter (Diáz Villanueva and Trochine 2005)

affinis (Schmid), 1955a:144 [Type locality: Chile; ROM; ♂; in Magellomyia]. —Schmid, 1964:324 [diagnosis; distribution]. —Flint, 1974e:88 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger]. —Brand, 2009:224 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

appendiculatus (Ulmer), 1904:19 [Type locality: [Chile] Feuerländischer Archipel, Isla Picton, Süsswassersee; ZSZMH; ♂; in Stenophylax]. —Schmid, 1949b:600 [to Australomyia]. —Flint, 1967a:57 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1974e:88 [checklist]. —Flint, 1982b:8 [larva]. —Angrisano, 1983:325 [larva; pupa]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger]. —Cohen, 2004:79 [distribution]. —Brand, 2009:224 [distribution].

—patagonica (Ulmer), 1904:9 [Type locality: Süd Patagonien, Agua Fresca, südlich von Punta Arenas; ZSZMH; larva; in Limnophilus]. —Flint, 1974e:84, 89 [to Magellomyia; unidentified larva]. —Flint, 1982b:8 [to synonymy].

—setipes (Ulmer), 1904:10 [Type locality: Süd Patagonien, Agua Fresca, südlich von Punta Arenas; ZSZMH; larva; in Limnophilus]. —Flint, 1974e:84, 89 [to Magellomyia; unidentified larva]. —Flint, 1982b:8 [to synonymy].

—meridionalis (Ulmer), 1905c:18 [Type locality: Argentina, Patagonia, Santa Cruz; MNHNP; ♀; in Limnophilus]. —Ulmer, 1906:9 [♂; ♀]. —Schmid, 1949b:600 [to synonymy].

—stigmata Navás, 1918a:500 [Type locality: Argentina, Santa Cruz, Valle Túnel; MACN; ♂]. —Schmid, 1955b:54 [to Magellomyia, incertae sedis]. —Flint et al., 1999a:80 [to synonymy].

—chilensis (Banks), 1920:347 [Type locality: Chile, Corral; MCZ; ♀; in Algonquina]. —Schmid, 1955b:54 [to Magellomyia, incertae sedis]. —Flint, 1967c:16 [to synonymy].

—moesta (Banks), 1920:348 [Type locality: Strait of Magellan, near the Hassler Glacier; MCZ; ♂; in Magellomyia]. —Schmid, 1955b:54 [to synonymy].

—extrema (Navás), 1932d:85 [Type locality: Tierra del Fuego, Punta Arenas; type depository not given; ♂; in Limnophilus]. —Schmid, 1955b:54 [to Magellomyia, incertae sedis]. —Flint, 1974e:88 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:78 [to synonymy].

—lonquimaya (Navás), 1932d:86 [Type locality: Chile, Lonquimay; MNHNP; ♀; in Limnephilus]. —Schmid, 1955b:54 [to Magellomyia, incertae sedis]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

armatus (Ulmer), 1904:8 [Type locality: Süd-Patagonien, Agua Fresca, südlich von Punta Arenas; ZSZMH; larva; in Limnophilus]. —Flint, 1974e:84, 88 [to Magellomyia; unidentified larva]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger].

Distribution. Chile.

bispinus (Schmid), 1957:389 [Type locality: Chile, Arauco, Caramavida; ROM; ♂; in Magellomyia]. —Schmid, 1958b:206 [variation; distribution]. —Flint, 1974e:88 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger]. —Brand, 2009:225 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

bruchinus (Navás), 1918a:501 [Type locality: Argentina, Provincia de Buenos Aires; UNLP; ♂; in Nostrafilla]. —Schmid, 1955b:54 [to Magellomyia, incertae sedis]. —Flint, 1982c:45 [♂]. — Angrisano, 1986:1 [♀; larva]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger]. —Cohen, 2004:79 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

capillatus (Ulmer), 1906:11 [Type locality: Argentina, Chubut; ZSZMH; ♂; in Limnophilus]. —Schmid, 1949b:600 [to Australomyia]. Schmid, 1955b:53 [to Magellomyia]. —Flint, 1974e:88 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger].

—australis (Banks) 1920:347 [Type locality: Chile; MCZ; ♂; in Ironoquia]. —Schmid 1955b:53 [to synonymy]. —Flint, 1967c:16 [♂ lectotype].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

curtior (Schmid), 1955a:142 [Type locality: Chile, Talca, El Radal; ROM; ♂; in Magellomyia]. —Flint, 1974e:88 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger].

Distribution. Chile.

fuscovittatus (Schmid), 1955a:142 [Type locality: Chile, Marga-Marga; ROM; ♂; in Magellomyia]. —Flint, 1974e:88 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger].

Distribution. Chile.

impluviatus Blanchard, 1851:141 [Type locality: Chile, Province Valdivia; lost, not in NMHNP; sex unknown; as Phryganea impluviata]. —Ulmer, 1913:408 [to Limnophilus or Psilopsyche]. —Flint, 1974e:88 [unidentified, possibly a Limnephilidae]. —Flint et al., 1999a:78 [identity, to Verger, nomen dubium].

Distribution. Chile.

kuscheli (Schmid), 1955a:138 [Type locality; Chile, “Cord. Chillan”; ROM; ♂; in Magellomyia]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

lutzi (Navás), 1918a:499 [Type locality: Argentina, Santa Cruz, Valle Túnel; MACN; ♀; in Nostrafilla]. —Schmid, 1955b:54 [to Magellomyia, incertae sedis]. —Cohen, 2004:79 [distribution]. —Brand, 2009:225 [distribution].

—pirioni (Navás), 1929a:332 [Type locality: Chile, Pailahueque; MZBS; ♀; in Psilopsyche]. —Schmid, 1949a:403 [♂; ♀; to Australomyia]. —Schmid, 1955b:53 [to Magellomyia]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:80 [to synonymy].

—latchani (Navás), 1935:374 [Type locality: Chile, Aysén; MNHNS, not present, Camousseight, pers. com.; ♀; in Psilopsyche]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

masafuera (Schmid), 1952:31 [Type locality: Chile, Islas Juan Fernandez, Masafuera, Quebrada de las Casas; UChS; ♂; in Australomyia]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist]. —Jacquemart, 1980b:10 [larva]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger].

Distribution. Chile.

michaelseni (Ulmer), 1904:7 [Type locality: Argentina, Süd- Feuerland, Harberton Harbour (Puerto Bridges); ZSZMH; ♂; in Limnophilus]. —Schmid, 1949b:600 [to Australomyia]. —Schmid, 1955a:142 [to Magellomyia; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger]. —Cohen, 2004:79 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

modestus (Schmid), 1955a:141 [Type locality: Chile, Région de Magellan; ROM; ♂; in Magellomyia]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger].

Distribution. Chile.

obliquus (Schmid), 1955a:145 [Type locality: Chile, Isla de Chiloé, Aucar; ROM; ♂; in Magellomyia]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger]. —Brand, 2009:225 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

porteri (Navás), 1907:397 [Type locality: Chile, Valparaiso [incorrect]; MZBS; ♀; in Halesus]. —Navás, 1918b:362 [to Verger]. —Schmid, 1949a:406 [redescripton, ♀]. —Schmid, 1952:29 [distribution]. —Schmid, 1955b:54 [♂; ♀; to Magellomyia]. —Flint, 1968d:61 [larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist]. —Jacquemart, 1980b:4 [larva; pupa]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger].

—masatierra (Schmid), 1952:29 [Type locality: Chile, Islas Juan Fernandez, Masatierra, Plazoleta del Yunque; UChS; ♂; in Australomyia]. —Flint, 1968d:61 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Chile.

quadrispinus (Schmid), 1955a:137 [Type locality: Chile, Santiago, El Quisco; ROM; ♂; in Magellomyia]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger].

Distribution. Chile.

spinosus (Ulmer), 1904:11 [Type locality: Argentina, Süd- Feuerland, Uschuaia, Süsswassersee auf der Halbinsel; ZSZMH; larva; in Anabolia]. —Flint, 1974e:84, 89 [to Magellomyia; unidentified larva]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

stenopterus (Schmid), 1955a:143 [Type locality: Argentina, Lago Cardiel; ROM; ♂; in Magellomyia]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist]. —Flint, 1990:119 [distribution]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

vespersus (Navás), 1932d:84 [Type locality: Chile, Lonquimay; MNHNP; ♀; in Limnophilus]. —Schmid, 1955b:54 [to Magellomyia, incertae sedis]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to Verger].

—limnophilus (Schmid), 1955a:139 [Type locality: Chile, Isla de Chiloé; ROM; ♂; in Magellomyia]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist]. —Angrisano, 1983:325 [larva; pupa]. —Flint et al., 1999a:79 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Family Odontoceridae

This is a small family of approximately 14 genera and about 120 species species. Species occur in all faunal regions except the Afrotropical, but there is no great diversity of species in any region, expect perhaps of Marilia in South America. Only three genera occur in the Neotropics, the well-known Marilia, with 43 species, and the monotypic genera Anastomoneura and Barypenthus from Brazil.

Larvae are found in springs and small to medium sized streams. Shallow marginal pools or areas of moderate flow seem to be the preferred microhabitat. A few are associated with waterfalls. Larvae of some genera are known to burrow into sandy substrates. Larvae are omnivorous, feeding on vascular plants, algae, and other arthropods. Cases are constructed of sand grains or other mineral fragments and are heavily reinforced with silken mortar.

Genus Anastomoneura Huamantinco and Nessimian [1]

Anastomoneura Huamantinco and Nessimian, 2004b:282 [Type species: Anastomoneura guahybae Huamantinco and Nessimian, 2004b, original designation]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2006:45 [larva; pupa; case; biology].

A single species, Anastomoneura guahybae, was described from material collected at high elevation (1860–1900 m) in the Itatiaia mountain range in the Serra da Mantiqueira, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The genus can be distinguished from other odontocerine genera by characters of the wing venation and genitalia (Huamantinco and Nessimian 2004b). Immature stages were described by Dumas and Nessimian (2006).

guahybae Huamantinco and Nessimian, 2004b:282 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Rio Aiuruoca, 22°20'9.28"S, 44°41'6.06"W, el. 1860 m; DZRJ; ♂; ♀]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2006:45 [larva; pupa; case; biology]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:20 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:65 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

Genus Barypenthus Burmeister [1]

Barypenthus Burmeister, 1839:928 [Type species: Barypenthus concolor Burmeister, 1839, subsequent selection of Fischer, 1965]. —Paprocki and Holzenthal, 2002:224 [revision]. —Moretti and Loyola, 2005:337 [larva; biology].

Musarna Walker, 1860:178 [Type species: Musarna aperiens Walker, 1860 = Barypenthus concolor Burmeister 1839, subsequent selection of Fischer, 1965].

Barypenthus is another endemic monotypic Neotropical genus from southeastern Brazil. Paprocki and Holzenthal (2002) reviewed the genus and synonymized all previously described species with the type species, Barypenthus concolor.

The immature stages were described by Flint (1969a). They construct typical odontocerid cases of sand grains and probably exhibit the typical habitat preferences and mode of living. The larvae of Barypenthus concolor do not select specific particle sizes for case building (Moretti and Loyola, 2005).

concolor Burmeister, 1839:929 [Type locality: Brazil, Nova Friburgo; ZIUH; ♂; destroyed]. —Ulmer 1905a:22 [♂]. —Paprocki and Holzenthal, 2002:224 [revision; biology]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Moretti and Loyola, 2005:337 [larva; biology]. —Dumas et al., 2009:371 [distribution]. —Amato et al., 2011:50 [host of Temnocephala, Platyhelminthes]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:20 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:65 [checklist]. —Quinteiro et al., 2014:236 [distribution].

—aperiens (Walker), 1860:178 [Type locality: South America; BMNH; ♀; in Musarna]. —Ulmer, 1905a:23 [to synonymy]. —Betten and Mosely, 1940:225 [type is ♀; redescription].

—chysopus Navás, 1934a:172 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Barão Homem de Mello; DEI; ♂]. —Paprocki and Holzenthal, 2002:225 [to synonymy].

—claudens (Walker), 1860:179 [Type locality: Brazil; BMNH; ♂; in Musarna]. —Betten and Mosely, 1940:222 [♂; redescription]. —Flint, 1969a:24 [larva; pupa; distribution]. —Paprocki and Holzenthal, 2002:225 [to synonymy].

—ferrugineus Navás, 1934a:171 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Barao Homem de Mello; type depository not stated, DEI?; ♂]. —Paprocki and Holzenthal, 2002:225 [to synonymy].

—interclusus (Walker), 1860:178 [Type locality: Brazil; BMNH; E; in Musarna]. —Betten and Mosely, 1940:226 [♀; redescription]. —Paprocki and Holzenthal, 2002:225 [to synonymy].

—rufipes Burmeister, 1839:929 [Type locality: Brazil, Nova Friburgo; ZIUH; ♂; destroyed]. —Ulmer, 1905a:20 [♂]. —Paprocki and Holzenthal, 2002:225 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Brazil.

Genus Marilia Müller [43]

Marilia Müller, 1880a:127 [Type species: Marilia major Müller, 1880a, subsequent selection of Mosely and Kimmins, 1953]. — Bueno-Soria and Rojas-Ascencio, 2004:679 [Mexican and Central American species, revision]. —Camargos and Pes, 2011:354 [larval biology].

Most of the species diversity in Marilia occurs in the Neotropics, including the Greater Antilles, but species are also known from North America, the Orient, and Australia. Species appear to be rather local in occurrence, but this may reflect inadequate collecting, rather than a natural phenomenon.

Larvae have been described a number of times (Flint 1968a, Wiggins 1996, Roldán Pérez 1988, Rueda Martín 2008, Camargos and Pes, 2011). They construct tubular cases of sand grains and live in tranquil areas of small creeks and rivers with sand and gravel bottoms. They feed primarily on invertebrates, but also consume algae and vascular plants.

aiuruoca Dumas and Nessimian, 2009b:344 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Rio Aiuruoca, 22°20'56.9"S 44°41'06.6"W, el. 1860 m; DZRJ; ♂; ♀]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:21 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:65 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

alata Flint, 1974c:143 [Type locality: Suriname, Coeroeni-eiland; RNH; ♂]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:43 [♂; distribution]. —Souza et al., 2013a:7 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:65 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Suriname.

albicornis (Burmeister), 1839:918 [Type locality: Brazil; ZIUH?; ♂; in Mystacides]. —Ulmer, 1905a:24 [♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:65 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

amnicola Flint, 1968a:60 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Hardwar Gap, Dicks Pond Trail; NMNH; ♂ (pharate); ♀; larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:98 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

baumanni Bueno-Soria and Rojas-Ascencio, 2004:679 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Chiltepec; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:359 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

biloba Flint, 1974c:141 [Type locality: Suriname, Suriname River, Botopasie; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

cinerea Navás, 1931a:323 [Type locality: Argentina, Alta Gracia; type depository not stated; ♂]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:79 [distribution]. —Rueda Martín, 2008:13 [♂; larva; pupa; case; biology; distribution]. — Reynaga and Rueda Martín, 2014:545 [biology]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia.

crea Mosely, 1949:40 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José; BMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:72 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Rojas-Ascencio, 2004:681 [♂; redescription].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

eleutheria Flint, 1983a:80 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Río Iguazú, Camp Nañdu; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay.

elongata Martynov, 1912:14 [Type locality: Peru, 11°8'S, 75°17'W; collection Martynov, now lost?; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:426 [distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín, 2008:16 [♂; larva; pupa; case; biology; distribution]. — Reynaga and Rueda Martín, 2014:545 [biology]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:66 [checklist]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Peru.

fasiculata Banks, 1913b:86 [Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso [Rondônia], Madeira Mamoré River; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:19 [♂; as fasciculata]. —Maes, 1999:1198 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Souza et al., 2013a:7 [distribution; as Marilia fasciculata]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:66 [checklist; as Marilia fasciculata].

Distribution. Brazil, Nicaragua.

flexuosa Ulmer, 1905b:70 [Type locality: United States, Texas; NMW; ♀]. —Martynov, 1912:17 [♂]. —Ross, 1951a:71 [restricts lectotype locality to Texas; distribution]. —Denning, 1956b:263 [♂]. —Denning, 1964:134 [checklist]. —Flint, 1967d:173 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:211 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:72 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:100 [♂; distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:543 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:426 [distribution]. —Wiggins, 1996:362 [larva]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Rojas-Ascencio, 2004:681 [male; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:334 [biology]. —Bowles et al., 2007:24 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Rueda Martín, 2008:19 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:307 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:5 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:359 [checklist]. —Djernaes, 2011:42 [♂; ♀]. —Reynaga and Rueda Martín, 2014:545 [biology]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:66 [checklist]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:9 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:198 [checklist].

—fusca (Banks) 1905:19 [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Phoenix; MCZ; sex not stated; in Anisocentropus]. —Betten, 1934:242 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, U.S.A.

flinti Bueno-Soria and Rojas-Ascencio, 2004:684 [Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosi, 25 mi. N Tamazunchale, 400’; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

furthi Bueno-Soria and Rojas-Ascencio, 2004:684 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Municipio Huimanguillo, Carlos A Madrazo, 17°23.759'N, 93°39.757'W, Rio Pueblo Viejo; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

gigas Flint, 1991:102 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pcia. Pastaza, 3 km N Puyo; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

gracilis Banks, 1938:297 [Type locality: Haiti, La Visite, La Selle Range; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:19 [♂; lectotype]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:42 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:98 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:49 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Haiti.

guaira Flint, 1983a:82 [Type locality: Paraguay, Dpto. Alto Paraná, Salto de Guaira; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1992d:81 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:66 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Venezuela.

holzenthali Bueno-Soria and Rojas-Ascencio, 2004:686 [Type locality: Belize, Rio Privassion, Blancaneaux Lodge; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Belize.

huamantincoae Dumas and Nessimian, 2009b:345 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, Maromba, Escorrega do Maromba, Rio Preto, 22°19'48.81"S 44°36'53.94"W, el. 1357 m; DZRJ; ♂; ♀]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:21 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:66 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

humerosa Flint, 1983a:85 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Río Iguazú, Camp Nañdu; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

infundibulum Flint, 1983a:82 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia (27°11'S, 52°23'W); NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:66 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

kingsolveri Bueno-Soria and Rojas-Ascencio, 2004:688 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Rio Bellavista, ca. 1.5 km NW Las Alturas, 8.951°N, 82.846°W, el. 1400m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

lateralis Flint, 1983a:85 [Type locality: Paraguay, Dpto. San Pedro, Arroyo Tapiracuay, San Estanislao; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:66 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Uruguay.

major Müller, 1880a:127 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina; MNRJ; case]. —Ulmer, 1905a:25 [♂]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2009:347 [♀]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:21 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:66 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

mathisi Bueno-Soria and Rojas-Ascencio, 2004:689 [Type locality: Mexico, Durango, 5 mi. SW El Salto; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

mexicana (Banks), 1901:368 [Type locality: Mexico, Morelos, Cuernavaca; MCZ; ♀; in Leptocerus]. —Fischer, 1965:211 [catalog; in Athripsodes]. —Flint, 1967c:20 [♀; to Marilia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:211 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Rojas-Ascencio, 2004:681 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

microps Flint, 1991:102 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Chocó, km 114 [road to Quibdù], 6 km E El Siete; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

minor Müller, 1880a:127 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina; MNRJ; case]. —Ulmer, 1907a:9 [♂; distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:371 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:67 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

misionensis Flint, 1983a:83 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Arroyo Piray Mini, Rt. 17 W Dos Hermanas; NMNH; ♂]. —Manzo et al., 2014:167 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

modesta Banks, 1913a:235 [Type locality: [E.] Colombia, Villavicencio; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:20 [♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

morsei Bueno-Soria and Rojas-Ascencio, 2004:689 [Type locality: Guatemala, Dpto. El Progreso, Finca La Cajeta; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Guatemala.

nigrescens Banks, 1941:397 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo, Valle Nuevo, southeast of Constanza; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:20 [♂; lectotype]. —Flint et al., 1999b:146 [as subspecies of Marilia gracilis]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:42 [checklist, as subspecies of Marilia gracilis]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:98 [checklist; as Marilia gracilis “var.” nigrescens]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:49 [distribution; as species, new status]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

nobsca Milne, 1936:79 [Type locality: United States, Texas, Jeff Davis Co., Ft. Davis, Davis Mts.; MCZ; ♀]. —Ross, 1951a:71 [distribution]. —Denning, 1964:134 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:211 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Rojas-Ascencio, 2004:681 [♂; distribution]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:334 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:186 [phenology, distribution]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:5 [♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:359 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico; U.S.A.

salta Flint, 1983a:85 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Entre Ríos, Río Uruguay, Salto Grande; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

scudderi Banks, 1924:446 [Type locality: Cuba, Isle of Pines; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint 1967c:20 [♂]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:52 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:466 [larva]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:98 [checklist]. —López del Castillo et al., 2004:229 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist]. — López del Castillo et al., 2007:172 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

sioli Marlier, 1964b:97 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazon region; IRSNB; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:67 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

spangleri Bueno-Soria and Rojas-Ascencio, 2004:693 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Sierra de Juarez, Cerro Pelon, km 110 carr. Tuxtepec-Oaxaca; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:359 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala.

spinosula Flint, 1996a:105 [Type locality: Trinidad, Tacariqua River, Caura Recreation Area, 10°43'N, 61°17'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:98 [checklist].

Distribution. Trinidad.

triangularis Flint, 1983a:82 [Type locality: Paraguay, Dpto. Amambay, 2 km S Cerro Corá; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Paraguay.

truncata Flint, 1983a:80 [Type locality: Paraguay, Dpto. Amambay, Río Aquidabán, Cerro Corá; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:67 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Paraguay.

valga Flint and Sykora, 2004:49 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Peravia Province, 3 km SW La Nuez, upper Río Las Cuevas, 18°40'N, 70°36'W, el. 1850 m; CMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

williammerrilli Bueno-Soria and Rojas-Ascencio, 2004:693 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva forestal San Ramon, Rio San Josecilo y tributarios, 10.216°N. 84.607°W, el. l. 980 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

wrighti Banks, 1924:446 [Type locality: Cuba; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:20 [♂; lectotype]. —Flint, 1968b:83 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:52 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:98 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

Family Philopotamidae

This cosmopolitan family is rich in species, especially in tropical regions, where many new species have been described. The generic classification has undergone several reassessments such that 19 are now recognized, in three subfamilies, Chimarrinae, Philopotaminae, and Rossodinae (Blahnik 2005). The genus Chimarra, found in all faunal regions, is the largest in all of Trichoptera with almost 800 described species (Kjer et al. 2014).

Larvae of a number of genera are well known from many parts of the world (e.g., Wiggins 2004). They construct long, tubular nets of fine silken mesh, usually attached to the undersurface of objects on the substrate.

Genus Alterosa Blahnik [39]

Alterosa Blahnik, 2005:10 [Type species: Alterosa bocainae Blahnik, 2005, original designation]. —Dumas et al., 2013:10 [key to species]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2013:26 [review].

This genus of 39 species represents a remarkable radiation of diversity in the mountains of southeastern and southern Brazil. Each small mountain valley seems to hold an endemic species. Blahnik (2005) established the genus for two species formerly placed in Dolophilodes subgenus Sortosa. The larval stages are not described.

affinis Dumas and Nessimian, 2013:27 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Alto Caparaó, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Rio Caparaó, Vale Verde, 20°25'11.6"S, 41°50'44.8"W, el. 1306 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:67 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

amadoi Dumas, Calor and Nessimian, 2013:3 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Camacan, RPPN Serra Bonita, riacho 1, trilha nova, 15°23'35"S, 39°33'50"W, ca 770 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:67 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

bandeira Dumas and Nessimian, 2013:29 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Alto Caparaó, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Rio Caparaó, Vale Verde, 20°25'11.6"S, 41°50'44.8"W, el. 1306 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:67 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

beckeri Blahnik, 2005:14 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, 2100 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Dumas et al., 2009:361 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:21 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:68 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

bilanceolata Dumas and Nessimian, 2013:31 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Guaraqueçaba, Ribeirão do Engenho, 25°10'31.0"S, 48°22'16.2"W, el. 25 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:68 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

bocainae Blahnik, 2005:15 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Lajeado, Serra da Bocaina, Cachoeira do Lajeado, 22°43.208'S, 44°37.782'W, el 1590 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:68 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

boraceiae Blahnik, 2005:17 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Estação Biológica Boraceia, Rio Venerando & tribs., 23°39.185'S, 45°53.414'W, el 850 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:68 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

caissara Dumas and Nessimian, 2013:31 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Ubatuba, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Picinguaba, Km 2 of BR 101 road, small tributary, near Cachoeira da Escada, 23°21'14.5"S, 44°46'03.8"W, el. 296 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:68 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

caparaonensis Blahnik, 2005:19 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, small trib. to Rio Caparaó, Vale Verde, 20°25.029'S, 41°50.767'W, el 1350 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2013:47 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:68 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

capixaba Dumas and Nessimian, 2013:34 [Type locality: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Córrego Bonito, above Cachoeira Heloísa Torres, 19°58'25.9"S, 40°31'46.3"W, el. 685 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:68 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

castroalvesi Dumas, Calor and Nessimian, 2013:5 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Camacan, Serra Bonita, Córrego das Torres, 15°23'01"S, 39°34'19"W, ca 860 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:68 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

catarinae Dumas and Nessimian, 2013:36 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Blumenau, Parque Ecológico Spitzkopf, Ribeirão do Caeté, 27°00'22.6"S, 49°06'50.4"W, el. 130 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:69 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

caymmii Dumas, Calor and Nessimian, 2013:7 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Varzedo, Serra da Jibóia, Reserva Jequitibá, 12°52'21.5"S, 39°28'56.5"W, ca 400 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Costa et al., 2014:222 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:69 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

escova Blahnik, 2005:21 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, small stream on São Paulo Route 247, 11 km SE Bananal, 22°45.684'S, 44°23.190'W, el 675 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Dumas et al., 2009:361 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:21 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:69 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

falcata Blahnik, 2005:22 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Ibitipoca, sitio of Anestis Papadopoulos, cachoeira, 21°43.441'S, 43°54.537'W, el 1125 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Dumas et al., 2009:361 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:21 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:69 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

fimbriata Blahnik, 2005:25 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Rio Paquequer, 22°26.992'S, 42°59.899'W, el 1000 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:69 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

flinti Blahnik, 2005:26 [Type locality: Brazil, Espirito Santo, 24 km SE Santa Teresa, el 280 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Dumas et al., 2009:361 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:21 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2013:47 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:69 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

fluminensis Blahnik, 2005:28 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Sousa in Cachoeiras de Macacú, 26°26.567'S, 42°37.957'W, el 150 m: MZUSP; ♂]. —Dumas et al., 2009:361 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:69 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

graciosa Dumas and Nessimian, 2013:36 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Morretes, Serra da Graciosa, Rio Grota Funda, 25°20'26.1"S, 48°53'41.2"W, el. 657 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:70 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

guapimirim Blahnik, 2005:30 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Orgãos, Guapimirim, Trilha das Ruinas, 22°29.679'S, 42°59.729'W, el 940 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Dumas et al., 2009:362 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:70 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

holzenthali Blahnik, 2005:32 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Parque Ecológica Spitzkopf, confluence Rio Ouro & Rio Caeté, 27°00.352'S, 49°06.693'W, el 140 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:70 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

inappendiculata Dumas and Nessimian, 2013:38 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Guaraqueçaba, Reserva Natural de Salto Morato, small tributary of Rio Morato, 25°09'53.9"S, 48°17'54.3"W, el. 55 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:70 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

intervales Blahnik, 2005:33 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Parque Estadual Intervales, small trib. to Agua Comprida, 24°16.531'S, 48°25.042'W, el 800 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2013:47 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:70 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

itatiaiae Blahnik, 2005:35 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional Itatiaia, Rio Campo Belo, trail to Veu da Noiva, 22°25.706'S, 44°37.171'W, el 1310 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:21 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:70 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

jordaensis Blahnik, 2005:37 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, Rio Galharada, 22°41.662'S, 45°27.783'W, el 1530 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:70 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

marinonii (Almeida and Duarte), 2003:967 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Antonina, Reserva de Sapitanduva, 25°28'S, 48°50'W, el 60 m; DZUP; ♂; in Dolophilodes (Sortosa)]. —Blahnik, 2005:39 [♂; redescription; to Alterosa]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2013:47 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:70 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

morato Dumas and Nessimian, 2013:38 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Guaraqueçaba, Reserva Natural de Salto Morato, tributary of Córrego Morato, 25°09'53.9"S, 48°17'54.3"W, el. 55 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:71 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

nessimiani Jardim and Dumas, 2012:578 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, Cascata, Rio Macaé, Cachoeira da Fumaça, 22°21'56.1” S - 42°15'13.1” W, 368 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:71 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

orgaosensis Blahnik, 2005:41 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Orgãos, Rio Beija-flor, 22°27.063'S, 43°00.065'W, el 1125 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Dumas et al., 2009:362 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:71 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

paprockii Blahnik, 2005:42 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Cachoeira do Abacaxi, Vale do Tropeiro, 20°12.270'S, 43°38.163'W, el 1120 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:71 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

paranaensis Dumas and Nessimian, 2013:42 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Guaratuba, Castelhanos road, small tributary on main road, 25°49'56.2"S, 48°55'45.1"W, el. 594 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:71 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

polyacinata Barcelos-Silva, Dumas and Pes, 2015:596 [Type locality: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Fundão, Hotel Fazenda Monte Sião, 19°56'02.0"S 40°24'45.0"W; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

ruschii Dumas and Nessimian, 2013:42 [Type locality: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Córrego Bonito, above Cachoeira Heloísa Torres, 19°58'25.9"S, 40°31'46.3"W, el. 685 m; DZRJ; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:71 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:71 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

sanctaeteresae Blahnik, 2005:44 [Type locality: Brazil, Espirito Santo, 24 km SE of Santa Teresa, el 280 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:71 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

sanctipauli (Flint), 1971c:20 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo; NMNH; ♂; in Dolophilodes (Sortosa)]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Blahnik, 2005:46 [♂; redescription; to Alterosa]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:71 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

schadrackorum Blahnik, 2005:48 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Parque Ecológica Spitzkopf, Rio Caeté above 1st falls, 27°00.35'S, 49°06.70'W, el 170 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:72 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

spiesae Dumas and Nessimian, 2013:45 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Campos do Jordão, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, tributary of Córrego Serrote, 22°39'25.0"S, 45°26'34.0"W, el. 1567 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:72 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

tripuiensis Blahnik, 2005:50 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Estação Ecológica do Tripuí, CórregoTripuí, 20°23.364'S, 43°32.541'W, el 1070 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:72 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

truncata Blahnik, 2005:51 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Estação Ecológica de Peti, Córrego Brucutu, 19°52.995'S, 43°22.452'W; MZUSP; ♂]. —Dumas et al., 2009:362 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:322 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:22 [distribution]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:72 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

Genus Chimarra Stephens [256 + †6]

Chimarra Stephens, 1829:318 [Type species: Phryganea marginata Linnaeus, 1767, by monotypy]. —Chimarrha Burmeister, 1839:910 [invalid subsequent emendation]. —Blahnik, 1998:1 [revision of New World species]. —Wichard, 2007a:11 [diagnosis]. —Wahlberg and Johanson, 2014:4 [phylogeny]. —Kjer et al., 2014:348 [phylogeny].

Curgia Walker, 1860:179 [Type species: Curgia braconoides Walker, 1860, by monotypy]. —Milne, 1936:81 [to subgenus of Chimarrha]. —Flint, 1998:1 [revision].

Chimarrhodes Müller, 1887a:290 [Type species: Chimarrha morio Burmeister, 1839, subsequent designation of Fischer, 1961]. —Fischer, 1961:53 [as synonym of Chimarra].

Chimarrita Blahnik, 1997:201 [Type species: Chimarra simpliciforma Flint, 1971, original designation; as subgenus of Chimarra; revision]. —Wichard, 2007a:13 [diagnosis]. —Vilarino and Calor, 2015b:119 [Brazilian species, key, phylogeny].

Otarrha Blahnik, 2002:68 [Type species: Chimarra patosa Ross, 1956, original designation; as subgenus of Chimarra; revision; phylogeny].

Four subgenera are known from the Netropics, Chimarra, Curgia, Chimarrita, and Otarrha, the latter three being endemic to the region, although Curgia has species that extend into the southwestern United States. The phylogenetic relationships among its species have been investigated by Kjer et al. (2014) and Wahlberg and Johanson (2014).

The larval stage has been described for species from most regions of the world (Flint 1964a, Marlier 1943, Ross 1944, Wiggins 1996). In the Neotropics, the described larvae are almost all from the Caribbian islands (e.g., Botosaneanu 1989b, Flint 1964a, 1968a, 1968b); few of the mainland larvae have been associated. They construct tubular, silken retreats attached beneath or between rocks or other large substrate in streams and rivers. Some have been found attached directly to vertical rock faces where the net is kept distended by the thin sheet of water flowing through it (Sattler 1962).

acinaciformis (Curgia) Flint, 1998:62 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pcia. Pastaza, Estación Fluviometrica, Puyo (27 km N); NMNH; ♂; in banksi group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

acula (Curgia) Flint, 1998:28 [Type locality: Peru, Dept. Cusco, Pcia. Paucartambo, Puente San Pedro, km 152 (13°03.3'S, 71°32.8'W), 44 km NW Pilcopata; NMNH; ♂; in margaritae group].

Distribution. Peru.

acuta (Chimarra) Ross, 1959:171 [Type locality: Mexico, Mor[elos], Cuernavaca; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:195 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:39 [♂; ♀; to beameri group, synonymy, distribution]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1190 [checklist, as boneti]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:359 [checklist].

—boneti (Chimarra) Ross, 1959:171 [Type locality: Mexico, Chis.[Chiapas], Ocosingo Valley, Finca El Real, Rio Sta. Cruz; INHS; ♂]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:2 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:39 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua.

adamsae (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:106 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Manu, Pakitza, 12°7'S, 70°58'W; MHNJP; ♂; ♀; in poolei group]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:72 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Peru.

adella (Chimarra) Denning, 1952:17 [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts.; SEMC; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:127 [♂; ♀; to utahensis group, distribution]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:5 [♀].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

adelphe (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:53 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Jaba at rock quarry, 1.4 km (air) W Las Cruces, 8.79°N, 82.97°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in bicolor group]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:3 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama.

akantha (Chimarrita) Blahnik, 1997:219 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Res. Ducke, 26 km E Manaus; MZUSP; ♂; ♀; in simpliciforma group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:73 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

alata (Chimarra) Bueno-Soria, 1983b:451 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Bonampak; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:2 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:55 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:70 [♂; ♀; to dentosa group]. —Maes, 1999:1190 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:359 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua.

albomaculata (Curgia) Kolbe, 1888:175 [Type locality: Puerto Rico; ZMHU; sex unknown; in Chimarrha]. —Palmer, 1938:69 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; biology]. —Flint, 1964a:21 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; distribution; synonymy]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Flint, 1998:55 [♂; redescription; to braconoides group]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:90 [checklist].

—luquillo Denning, 1947a:657 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Luquillo; CAS; ♂]. —Flint, 1964a:21 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

altmani (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:92 [Type locality: Panama, San Blas, Río Carti Grande, 2 km W Nusagandi; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in picea group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:3 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

amazonia (Otarrha) Blahnik, 2002:71 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Amazonia Lodge, Toma del Agua (stream), 12°52.22'S, 71°22.56'W, el. 415 m; JMP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Peru.

amica (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992b:412 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Estación Maritza, Río Tempisquito, 10.958°N, 85.497°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:30 [♂; to amica group]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua.

angularis (incertae sedis) Blahnik, 2002:113 [Type locality: Venezuela, T. F. Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, basecamp (rainforest clearing near Rio Baria), 0°50'N, 66°10'W, el. 140 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Guyana, Venezuela.

angustipennis (Chimarra) Banks, 1903a:242 [Type locality: United States, Arizona], Hot Springs; NMNH; ♂; in Chimarrha]. —Ross, 1944:51 [♂; distribution]. —Ross, 1951a:68 [distribution]. —Denning, 1964: 133 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:195 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:32 [♂; ♀; to angustipennis group, distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1190 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:334 [biology]. —Bowles et al., 2007:23 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:5 [♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:359 [checklist].

—siva Denning, 1949:115. —Blahnik, 1998:32 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, U.S.A., Venezuela.

anticheira (Chimarrita) Vilarino and Calor, 2015b:127 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Varzedo, Fazenda Baixa Grande, Riacho Cai Camarão, Propriedade do Sr. Getúlio Rodrigues Leal, 12°57'45.1"S, 39°27'12.1"W, el. 280 m; MZUSP; ♂; /♀; simpliciforma Group].

Distribution. Brazil.

antigua (Chimarra) Flint, 1967b:6 [Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosi, El Salto, about 25 miles west of Antiguo Morelos; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:195 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:117 [♂; ♀; to primula group].

Distribution. Mexico.

antilliana (Chimarra) Flint, 1968b:13 [Type locality: Dominica, Mannett Gutter, near Clark Hall; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1988:221 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Blahnik, 1998:57 [♂; ♀; to bidens group; distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:89 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:46 [distribution].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia.

argentella (Curgia) Ulmer, 1906:92 [Type locality: Jamaica, Constant Springs; BMNH; ♂; in Chimarrha]. —Flint, 1968a:17 [♂; ♀; larva; distribution]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Flint, 1998:55 [♂; redescription; to braconoides group]. —Malicky, 1999:115, 117 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:90 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

argentinica (Chimarra) Ulmer, 1909b:74 [Type locality: Argentina, Pedregal; ZSZMH; ♂; in Chimarrha]. —Weidner, 1964:70 [♂; lectotype]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:38 [♂; ♀; to argentinica group; distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:75 [distribution]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution].

—armata Navás, 1920b:38 [Type locality: Argentina, Mendoza; MZBS; ♂; in Chimarrha]. —Schmid, 1949a:318 [to synonymy].

—canosa Navás, 1918a:503 [Type locality: Argentina, Mendoza; MACN; ♂; in Chimarrha]. —Schmid, 1949a:320 [to synonymy, as canossa].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Peru.

arima (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:108 [Type locality: Trinidad, Mount St. Benedict, 10°39'N, 61°24'W; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in poolei group]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:30 [as Chimarra (Chimarra) spangleri, misidentification]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:89 [checklist].

Distribution. Trinidad.

atilanoi (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:128 [Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosí, El Salto Falls, 26 mi W Antiguo Morelos; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in utahensis group].

Distribution. Mexico.

aurantibasis (Curgia) Flint, 1998:53 [Type locality: Cuba, Ote., Piloto, Moa; INHS; ♂; in braconoides group]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:90 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

aureopunctata (Curgia) Flint, 1967b:7 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Turrialba; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:57 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:2 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:534 [distribution]. —Flint, 1998:63 [♂; redescription; distribution; to banksi group]. —Maes, 1999:1191 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama.

aurivittata (Curgia) Flint, 1971c:22 [Type locality: Guyana, Essequibo, Mazaruni River, 39 miles southwest of Wineperu; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:22 [♂; redescription; distribution; to aurivittata group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:74 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela.

aviceps (Curgia) Flint, 1998:42 [Type locality: Peru, Depto. Cusco, Pcia. Paucartambo, stream 3 km E Puente San Pedro (13°03.3'S, 71°32.8'W), 41 km NW Pilcopata; NMNH; ♂; in distermina group].

Distribution. Peru.

banksi (Curgia) (Ulmer), 1907d:198 [replacement name for Wormaldia mediana Banks, 1905:18, preoccupied by Wormaldia mediana McLachlan 1878:391]. [Type locality: Nicaragua, Chinandega; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:3 [♂; redescription]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:57 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:3 [distribution]. —Flint, 1998:58 [♂;redescription; distribution; to banksi group]. —Maes, 1999:1191 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.

barinas (Otarrha) Blahnik, 2002:72 [Type locality: Venezuela, Barinas, 22 km NW Barinitas; NMNH; ♂; in Chimarra sensillata species complex].

Distribution. Venezuela.

barinita (Curgia) Flint, 1998:31 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Barinas, 22 km NW Barinitas; NMNH; ♂; in fernandezi group]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

barrettae (Curgia) (Banks), 1900:259 [Type locality: Mexico, Vera Cruz, Jalapa; MCZ; ♀; in Philopotamus]. —Banks, 1901:370 [distribution]. —Flint, 1967c:3 [mistakenly reduced to synonymy of mexicana (Banks)]. —Flint, 1998:44 [♂; redescription; distribution; resurrected to mexicana group]. —Maes, 1999:1191 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama.

beameri (Chimarra) Denning, 1950:101 [Type locality: United States, Texas, Uvalde Co.,Rio Frio River, Concan; SEMC; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:196 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:41 [♂; ♀; to beameri group, distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:23 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:359 [checklist].

—calva Ross, 1959:174 [Type locality: Mexico, Chis.[Chiapas], Tecpatan; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:190, 195 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Belize, Mexico, U.S.A.

beckeri (Curgia) Flint, 1998:19 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Rio de Janeiro, Mangaratiba; MZUSP; ♂; in morio group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:362 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:22 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:74 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

belizensis (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:42 [Type locality: Belize, Cayo Dist., just E of Roaring Creek at landing strip; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in beameri group].

Distribution. Belize.

bicolor (Chimarra) (Banks), 1901:370 [Type locality: Mexico, Morelos, Cuernavaca; MCZ; ♂; in Philopotamus]. —Flint, 1967c:3 [♂; synonymy]. —Flint, 1967d:165 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:195 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:55 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:2 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:535 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:55 [♂; ♀; to bicolor group; distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1190 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:359 [checklist].

—xesta Denning, 1952:17 [Type locality: Mexico, Morelos, Cuernavaca; CAS; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:3 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua.

bicoloroides (Chimarra) Flint, 1967d:166 [Type locality: Mexico, Durango, 10 miles west of El Salto; CNC; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:195 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:56 [♂; to bicoloroides group].

Distribution. Mexico.

bidens (Chimarra) Ulmer, 1909a:307 [Type locality: Venezuela, Caracas; UZMC; ♂; in Chimarrha]. —Flint, 1981a:13 [♂; synonymy]. —Flint, 1996a:72 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:58 [♂; ♀; to bidens group; distribution].

—caribea surinamensis Flint, 1974c:30 [Type locality: Suriname, Brownsberg, mountain creek near Golddiggers camp; RNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1981a:13 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Suriname, Trinidad, Venezuela.

bidentata (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:63 [Type locality: Peru, Pilcopata; NMNH; ♂; in bidentata group].

Distribution. Peru.

bisectilis (Curgia) Flint, 1998:47 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Pcia. San José, Río Carara, Reserva Biologica Carara, 9.778°N, 84.531°W; NMNH; ♂; in mexicana group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

blepharophera (Curgia) Flint, 1998:70 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Oaxaca, 7.4 mi [11.9 km] N Putla, Hwy 125; NMNH; ♂; in banksi group].

Distribution. Mexico.

boraceia (Curgia) Flint, 1998:18 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. São Paulo, Reserva Casa Grande, Corrego da Pedreira; MZUSP; ♂; in morio group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:74 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

braconoides (Curgia) (Walker), 1860:179 [Type locality: St. Domingo [Dominican Republic]; BMNH; ♂; in Curgia]. —Betten and Mosely, 1940:15 [♂; holotype redescription]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Flint, 1998:52 [♂; redescription; distribution; to braconoides group]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:42 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:90 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:50 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Haiti.

brasiliana (Curgia) Ulmer, 1905a:96 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catharina [sic]; PAN; ♂; in Chimarrha]. —Flint, 1966a:3 [♂; lectotype; synonymy]. —Angrisano, 1997b:56 [distribution]. —Flint, 1998:72 [♂; redescription; distribution; to banksi group]. —Almeida and Marinoni, 2001:973 [♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Manzo et al., 2014:166 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:74 [checklist].

—parva (Ulmer), 1905b:90 [Type locality: Brazil, Blumenau; NMW; ♂; in Wormaldia]. —Flint, 1966a:3 [lectotype; to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay.

burmeisteri (Curgia) Flint, 1998:20 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Rio de Janeiro, municipal water supply, Nova Friburgo; MZUSP; ♂; in morio group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:362 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:75 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

butleri (Chimarra) Denning, 1962a:33 [Type locality: United States, California, Kings Canyon National Park, Sheep Creek Campground; CAS; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:129 [♂; ♀; to utahensis group, distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

calori (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2012:3 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Altinópolis, Cachoeira Dos Macacos, 20°55.380'S, 47°22.758'W, el. 759 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀; in ortiziana group]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:72 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

camella (Chimarrita) Blahnik, 1997:219 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serra do Cipó, km 116; MZUSP; ♂; in simpliciforma group]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:362 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2012:24 [♀]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:22 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:73 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

camposae (Curgia) Flint, 1998:77 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Minas Gerais, Corrego Marumbe, Municipio Nova Lima, 20°03'31"S, 43°53'29"W; MZUSP; ♂; in banksi group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:75 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

camura (Chimarrita) Blahnik, 1997:222 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, km 54, 26 km E Nova Friburgo; MZUSP; ♂; ♀; in simpliciforma group]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:362 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:22 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:73 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

canoaba (Curgia) Flint, 1998:33 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Carabobo, near Canoabo; NMNH; ♂; in canoaba group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

caribea caribea (Chimarra) Flint, 1968b:14 [Type locality: Grenada, 2 miles west of Lake Grand Etang; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Malicky, 1983:264 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1989b:205 [distribution; larva]. —Flint, 1990a:47 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:51 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:59 [♂; ♀; bidens group; distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:89 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Viloria, 2002:108 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:3 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Grenada, Mustique, Nicaragua, Panama, Suriname, Trinidad, Venezuela (Isla Margarita).

caribea tobaga Botosaneanu, 1990a:48 [Type locality: Tobago, Scarborough; BMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:202 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:30 [to synonymy]. —Flint, 1996a:72 [resurrected as subspecies; distribution].

Distribution. Tobago.

carolae (Curgia) Flint, 1998:40 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Bolivar, La Escalera, 108 km S Río Cuyuni; NMNH; ♂; in medioloba group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

cascada (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:132 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Peje and falls, ca. 1 km SE San Vicente, 10.277°N, 84.388°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in virgencita group].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

cauca (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2012:16 [Type locality: Colombia, Cauca, Municipio de Inz., Quebrada San Andrés, ca. 500 m, W Restaurante “La Portada”, San Andrés de Pisimbalá, 2°34'56"N, 76°2'36"W, el. 1750 m,; UMSP; ♂; ♀; in poolei group].

Distribution. Colombia.

centralis (Curgia) Ross, 1959:178 [Type locality: Panama, Potrerillos; INHS; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:57 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:534 [distribution]. —Flint, 1998:61 [mlae/; redescription; distribution; to banksi group]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama.

centrispina (Curgia) Flint, 1998:21 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Minas Gerais, Rio Cipó, Yaboticatubas; INHS; ♂; in morio group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:75 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

chela (Chimarrita) Blahnik, 1997:212 [Type locality: Venezuela, T.F. Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in rosalesi group]. —Santos and Nessimian, 2009b:23 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:73 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Venezuela.

chimalapa (Chimarra) Bueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso, and Barba-Álvarez, 2001:149 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Municipio de Huimanguillo, Arroyo las Flores, Villa de Guadalupe 2a Sección Los Chimalapas, km 5 Ruta Malpasito-Carlos A. Madrazo, 17°22'05"N, 93°36'25"W; CNIN; ♂; in primula group]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

chocoensis (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:109 [Type locality: Colombia, Chocó, km 130, 86 km E Quibdo; NMNH; ♂; in poolei group]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

chrysosoma (Curgia) Flint, 1998:27 [Type locality: Bolivia, Pcia. La Paz, Yungas La Paz, Circuata to Cajuata; NMNH; ♂; in margaritae group].

Distribution. Bolivia, Peru.

cipoensis (Curgia) Flint, 1998:18 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Minas Gerais, Serra do Cipó, km 110 [on road to Conceição do Mato Dentro]; MZUSP; ♂; in morio group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:75 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

cirrifera (Curgia) Flint, 1998:37 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp; NMNH; ♂; in medioloba group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

claviloba (Curgia) Flint, 1974c:22 [Type locality: Suriname, Nassau Mountains, km. 11.2; RNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:36 [♂; redescription; to medioloba group].

Distribution. Suriname.

coheni (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:43 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pichincha, Santo Domingo de los Colorados (29 km W); NMNH; ♂; in beameri group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

colmillo (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992b:412 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Río San Josecito, Estación Mengo, 10.922°N, 85.470°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:78 [♂; ♀; to ortiziana group]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:2 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:3 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

conica (Curgia) Flint, 1983a:20 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Arroyo Piray Mini, Rt.17 W Dos Hermanas; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:16 [♂; redescription; distribution; variation; to morio group]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:363 [distribution]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:352 [distribution]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:75 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

consimilis (Curgia) Martynov, 1912:33 [Type locality: Peru, Callanga; ASL ?; ♀; in Chimarrha].

Distribution. Peru.

cornuta (Chimarra) Ross, 1959:175 [Type locality: Mexico, Chis.[Chiapas], Finca Vergel; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:195 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:69 [♂; to cornuta group]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:359 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

costaricensis (Curgia) Flint, 1998:32 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Pcia. Guanacaste, Río Negro, Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja (10.765°N, 85.313°W; NMNH; ♂; in fernandezi group]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:2 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

creagra (Chimarra) Flint, 1981a:14 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Maracay, Río Limón, Estación Pisicultura; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Blahnik, 1998:93 [♂; ♀; to picea group].

Distribution. Ecuador, Venezuela.

crena (Chimarra) Bueno-Soria, 1983b:453 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Rio Jamapa, 6 km east from Coscomatepec; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:118 [♂; ♀; to primula group].

Distribution. Mexico.

cressae (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:110 [Type locality: Venezuela, Miranda, P. N. Guatopo, Quebrada Macanilla at La Macanilla, 10.113°N, 66.516°W; NMNH; ♂; in poolei group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

cubanorum (Otarrha) Botosaneanu, 1980:69, 98 [Type locality: Cuba, Prov. Oriente, Cupeyal; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:45 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:90 [checklist]. —Blahnik, 2002:73 [♂; to Otarrha]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

cultellata (Curgia) Flint, 1983a:15 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia (27°11'S, 52°23'W); NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:73 [♂; redescription; distribution; to banksi group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:363 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:75 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela.

curfmani (Chimarra) Ross, 1959:174 [Type locality: Mexico, Chis.[Chiapas], Ocosingo Valley, Finca Monte Libano; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:195 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:44 [♂; beameri group, distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:359 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

curvipenis (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2012:22 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serra do Cipó, Capão da Mata, 19°19.347'S, 43°32.249'W, el. 1170 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀; in simpliciforma group]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:73 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

darlingtoni (Otarrha) Blahnik, 2002:73 [Type locality: Cuba, coast below Pico Turquino; MCZ; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:90 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

decimlobata (Chimarra) Flint, 1991:30 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Espadera, 7 km NW Medellín [road to Sta. Elena]; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:94 [♂; ♀; to picea group]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

dentosa (Chimarra) Ross, 1948b:25 [Type locality: Mexico, Michoacan, Apatzingan; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:195 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:2 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:71 [♂; ♀; to dentosa group, distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1190 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:359 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:3 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama.

desirae (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2012:18 [Type locality: Bolivia, La Paz, AMNI Madidi, San Migual de Bala, Arroyo Bacuatra Grande, 14°30.737'S, 67°31.385'W, el. 280 m; UMSP; ♂; in poolei group].

Distribution. Colombia.

diakis (Otarrha) Flint, 1971c:23 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Gebeit Endstation, Rio Marauia, Bergbach II, etwa 350 m, tiber dem Meeresspiegel, schattig, starkes Gefälle tiber Granitblöcke; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 2002:75 [♂; to Otarrha]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:78 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

diannae (Otarrha) Flint and Sykora, 1993:48 [Type locality: St. Lucia, Quarter of Soufriere, Fond St. Jacques (13°50'N, 61°02'W); NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 2002:75 [to Otarrha]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:90 [checklist].

Distribution. St. Lucia.

diaphora (Otarrha) Blahnik, 2002:75 [Type locality: Venezuela, T. F. Amazonas, Agua Blanca, 0°49'N, 66°08'W, Cerro de la Neblina, el. 160 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

didyma (Curgia) Flint, 1998:69 [Type locality: Panama, Pcia. Panamá, Cerro Azul; NMNH; ♂; variation, in banksi group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela.

distermina (Curgia) Flint, 1998:41 [Type locality: Bolivia, Dpto. La Paz, quebradas del Río Zongo; NMNH; ♂; in distermina group].

Distribution. Bolivia.

dolabrifera (Chimarra) Flint and Reyes, 1991:478 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Pichincha, Río Palenque Biological Station, 47 km S Santo Domingo de los Colorados]; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:79 [♂; ♀; to ortiziana group; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:3 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru.

† dommeli (incertae sedis) Wichard, 1983a:142 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; collection Wichard; ♂; in amber; in Chimarrita]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:42 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist]. —Wichard, 2007a:14 [♂; to Chimarrita; key]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist]. —Kjer, et al., 2014:352 [incertae sedis].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

dominicana (Otarrha) Flint, 1968b:10 [Type locality: Dominica, .4 miles east Pont Casse; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Malicky, 1983:264 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1988:221 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:90 [checklist]. —Blahnik, 2002:77 [♂; ♀; to Otarrha]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:46 [distribution].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique.

donamariae (Curgia) Denning and Sykora, 1968:173 [Type locality: Brazil, Pará, Santa Izabel; CAS; ♂; ♀]. —Sattler, 1962:125 [biology; larva; pupa; as Chimarrha species]. —Flint, 1998:26 [♂; redescription; distribution; to ensifera group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:75 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Peru.

duckworthi (Chimarra) Flint, 1967b:5 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Turrialba; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:56 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:28 [♂; distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:535 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:60 [♂; ♀; bidens group; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:359 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:3 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela.

dudosa (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:45 [Type locality: Panama, San Blas, Río Carti Grande, 2 km W Nusagandi; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in beameri group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:3 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

elia (Chimarra) Ross, 1944:269 [Type locality: United States, Texas, spring-fed stream west of Brackettville; INHS; ♂]. —Ross, 1951a:68 [distribution]. —Flint, 1958:24 [phallus ♂]. —Denning, 1964:133 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:195 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:56 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:2 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:72 [♂; ♀; to elia group]. —Maes, 1999:1190 [checklist]. —Bowles et al., 2007:23 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist].

—barranca Denning, 1962b:402 [Type locality: Mexico, Baja California, Sierra San Pedro Martir, La Grulla; CAS; ♂]. —Denning, 1964: 133 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:190, 195 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, U.S.A.

embia (Chimarra) Ross, 1959:170 [Type locality: Mexico, Chis.[Chiapas], Tonala; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1967d:166 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:196 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:2 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:73 [♂; ♀; to elia group, distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2007:13 [♂]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist].

—rizona Denning, 1962b:403 [Type locality: Mexico, Nayarit, Rio de las Canyas, 8 miles NW. Acaponeta; CAS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:190, 196 [to synonymy].

—spicula Denning, 1962b:404 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Alazan, approximately 75 miles south of Tampico; CAS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:190, 196 [to synonymy].

—stellula Denning, 1962b:404 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Alazan; CAS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:190, 196 [to synonymy].

Distribution. El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua.

emima (Chimarra) Ross, 1959:172 [Type locality: [Panama], Canal Zone, Madden Dam; INHS; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:56 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:29 [♂; distribution]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:480 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:535 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:95 [♂; ♀; to picea group, distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:3 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

ensifera (Curgia) Flint, 1998:26 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, Camp IV, 0°58'N, 65°57'W; NMNH; ♂; in ensifera group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

erectiloba (Curgia) Flint, 1998:78 [Type locality: Peru, Dpto. Cusco, Pcia, Paucartambo, Puente San Pedro at km 152 (13°03.3'S, 71°32.8'W), 44 km NW Pilcopata; NMNH; ♂; in banksi group].

Distribution. Peru.

espinosa (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:33 [Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosí, El Salto; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in angustipennis group].

Distribution. Mexico.

fernandezi (Curgia) Flint, 1981a:11 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, El Limon; IZAM; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:31 [♂; redescription; to fernandezi group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

fimbriata (Curgia) Flint, 1974c:22 [Type locality: Suriname, Nassau Mountains, trail south from km. 7; RNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:38 [♂; redescription; to medioloba group].

Distribution. Suriname.

fittkaui (Curgia) Flint, 1971c:22 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Marauia, Endstation; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:74 [♂; redescription; distribution; to banksi group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:76 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana.

flinti (Chimarra) Bueno-Soria, 1985:15 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Uxpanapa; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:56 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:535 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:202 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:29 [larva]. —Flint, 1996a:71 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:46 [♂; ♀; beameri group; distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1190 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:90 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:3 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela.

forcipata (Chimarrita) Blahnik, 1997:213 [Type locality: Venezuela, T.F. Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho (40 km S), El Tobogán; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in rosalesi group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

froehlichi (Curgia) Flint, 1998:16 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Rio de Janeiro, km 54, 26 km E Nova Friburgo; MZUSP; ♂; in morio group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:363 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:22 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:76 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

garciai (Otarrha) Botosaneanu, 1980:99 [Type locality: Cuba, Prov. Oriente, Cupeyal; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:45 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist]. —Blahnik, 2002:77 [♂; to Otarrha]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

geranoides (Curgia) Flint, 1998:71 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pcia. Pichincha, Río Umachaca, Forestry Station Maquipucuna, ca.5 km E Nanegal; NMNH; ♂; in banksi group]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

gibba (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:75 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Río Tempisquito, ca. 3 km S Rt. 1, 10.790°N, 85.522°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in elia group]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua.

gilvimacula (Curgia) Flint, 1998:52 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, La Vega Prov., Río Camú, 19 km NE Jarabacoa; NMNH; ♂; in braconoides group]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:12 [♀; distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:42 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:90 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:50 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Haiti.

gondela (Chimarra) Flint, 1974c:27 [Type locality: Suriname, Brownsberg, mountain creek near Golddiggers camp; RNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:80 [♂; ♀; to ortiziana group, distribution].

Distribution. Suriname, Venezuela.

guanacasteca (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992b:415 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Pizote, ca.5 km N Dos Ríos, 10.948°N, 85.291°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:48 [♂; ♀; beameri group, distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

guapa (Otarrha) Botosaneanu, 1977:251 [Type locality: Cuba, Prov. Oriente, Rio Yumuri, Baracoa; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Kumanski, 1987:7 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:45 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:459 [larva]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist]. —Blahnik, 2002:77 [♂; ♀; to Otarrha]. —López del Castillo et al., 2004:229 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. — López del Castillo et al., 2007:171 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

guatemalensis (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:119 [Type locality: Guatemala, El, Progresso, Finca la Cajeta; NMNH; ♂; in primula group]. —Maes, 1999:1190 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Nicaragua.

guyanensis (Curgia) Flint, 1998:41 [Type locality: Guyana, Kumu Stream, 25 km SE Lethem, 3°15.9'N, 59°43.6'W; NMNH; ♂; in medioloba group].

Distribution. Guyana.

haesitationis (Chimarra) Botosaneanu, 1994a:47 [Type locality: Guadeloupe, rivière St-Louis dans les Hauts du Matouba; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Blahnik, 1998:61 [♂; ♀; to bidens group]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:256 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:90 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:55 [checklist].

Distribution. Guadeloupe.

hairouna (Chimarra) Botosaneanu, 1990a:43 [Type locality: Saint Vincent, forest stream at Montreal (Mariaqua Valley, Mesopotamia); ZMUA; ♂; larva; pupa]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Blahnik, 1998:49 [♂; to beameri group]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:90 [checklist].

Distribution. St. Vincent.

heligma (Chimarrita) Blahnik, 1997:222 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serra do Cipó; MZUSP; ♂; ♀; in simpliciforma group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:73 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

heppneri (Chimarrita) Blahnik, 1997:225 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, Callicebus Res. Station, Mishana, Río Nanay, 25 km SW Iquitos; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in simpliciforma group].

Distribution. Peru.

hyoeides (Curgia) Flint, 1983a:17 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Río Iguazú, Camp Nañdu; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1997b:56 [distribution]. —Flint, 1998:50 [♂; redescription; to mexicana group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Souza et al., 2013a:8 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:76 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay.

immaculata (Curgia) Ulmer, 1911:15 [Type locality: Bolivia; ZMHU; ♂; in Chimarrha]. —Flint, 1981a:12 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1998:82 [♂; redescription; distribution; to immaculata group]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela.

inchoata (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2012:9 [Type locality: Venezuela, Sucre, Península de Paria, Puerto Viejo, Río Puerto Viejo, 10°43.137'N, 62°28.743'S, el. 15 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀; in picea group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

incipiens (Otarrha) Blahnik, 2002:81 [Type locality: Venezuela, Distrito Federal, Bajo Seco, Est. Exp. Bajo Seco, c. 15 km NE Colonia Tovar, el. 2000 m; NMNH; ♂; in Chimarra sensillata species complex].

Distribution. Venezuela.

inflata (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:110 [Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, Lago Agrio (5 km N); NMNH; ♂; ♀; in poolei group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

irwini (Curgia) Flint, 1998:34 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Aragua, Rancho Grande; CAS; ♂; in canoaba group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

izabala (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:34 [Type locality: Guatemala, Izabal, nr. Matias de Galvez; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in angustipennis group].

Distribution. Belize, Guatemala.

jamaicensis (Otarrha) Flint, 1968a:18 [Type locality: Jamacia, St. Andrew, Hardwar Gap, Dicks Pond trail; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Blahnik, 2002:82 [♂; ♀; to Otarrha]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

janzeni (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992b:417 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Cerro Campana, Río Bochinche trib., 6 km (air) NW Dos Ríos, 10.945°N, 85.413°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:120 [♂; ♀; to primula group].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

jemima (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992b:418 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Cerro Campana, Río Toro, 3.0 km (road) SW Bajos del Toro, 10.204°N, 84.316°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:97 [♂; ♀; to picea group]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:3 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:3 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

jugescens (Curgia) Flint, 1998:24 [Type locality: Brazil, E.D.O. Pará, stream at Caverna do Tatjuba, ~22 km SE Altamira; NMNH; ♂]. —Santos and Nessimian, 2009b:23 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:76 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

juliae (Curgia) Flint, 1998:40 [Type locality: Venezuela, E.D.O. Bolivar, Piedra de Virgem, 10 km S of km 88 (at base of La Escalera); NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

koki (Otarrha) Botosaneanu, 1996:11 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Parque Nacional Armando Bermudez, Arroyo Manuel Estrella nr. Cienaga entrance to park; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:42 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist]. —Blahnik, 2002:85 [to Otarrha]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:51 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

kontilos (Chimarrita) Blahnik, 1997:227 [Type locality: Brazil, Espirito Santo, Caixa d’Agua, Santa Teresa; MZUSP; ♂; ♀; in simpliciforma group]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:363 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:22 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:73 [checklist]. —Vilarino and Calor, 2015b:133 [distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

laguna (Curgia) Ross, 1951a:68 [Type locality: Mexico, Lower California [Baja California Sur], Agua Caliente, Cape Region; CAS; ♂]. —Denning, 1964:133 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:196 [distribution; as brustia]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:57 [distribution; as brustia]. —Flint, 1998:79 [♂; redescription; distribution; variation; to laguna group]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist].

—brustia Ross, 1959:176 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Cocula; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:79 [to synonymy].

—alamosa Denning, 1962b:406 [Type locality: Mexico, Sonora, seven miles south of Alamosa; CAS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:190, 196 [distribution; to synonymy].

Distribution. Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua.

langleyae (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:64 [Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, Lago Agrio; NMNH; ♂; in bidentata group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

lata (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992b:421 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, ca. 0.7 km N Estación Maritza, 10.96°N, 85.50°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:50 [♂; to beameri group]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:45 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua.

latiforceps (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2012:24 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, Rio Galharda, 22°41.662'S, 45°27.783'W, el. 1530 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀; in simpliciforma group]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:73 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

limon (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:99 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Limón, Río Barbilla, ca. 8 km W B-Line, 10.067°N, 83.369°W; NMNH; ♂; ♂; in picea group].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

lobata (Curgia) Flint, 1967b:7 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Rio Agua Salud; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:534 [distribution]. —Flint, 1998:46 [♂; redescription; to mexicana group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

lojaensis (Curgia) Flint, 1998:28 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pcia. Zamora-Chinchipe, 30 km E Loja; NMNH; ♂; in margaritae group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

longiterga (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992b:421 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Parque Nacional Corcovado, Piedra del Arco, 8.582°N, 83.709°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:30 [♂; ♀; to amica group; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:3 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama.

macara (Curgia) Flint, 1998:61 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pcia. Loja, Macará to Catacocha; NMNH; ♂; in banksi group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

machadoi (Otarrha) Camargos, 2016:334 [Type locality: Brazil, Goiás, Pirenópolis, Santuário Vagafogo, Vagafogo stream, 15.824685° S, 48.995421° W, el. 794 m; MZUSP; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

machaerophora (Otarrha) Flint, 1968a:20 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Chestervale, Yallahs River; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Blahnik, 2002:85 [♂; ♀; to Otarrha]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

majuscula (Chimarrita) Blahnik, 1997:227 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo; MZUSP; ♂; ♀; in simpliciforma group]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:363 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:74 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

maldonadoi (incertae sedis) Flint, 1964a:23 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Maricao, fish hatchery; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Blahnik, 1997:205 [♂; ♀; to Chimarrita maldonadoi group]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:90 [checklist]. —Kjer, et al., 2014:352 [incertae sedis].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

margaritae (Curgia) Flint, 1991:26 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, 12 km NW Medellín [road to San Pedro]; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:27 [♂; redescription; distribution; to margaritae group]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

maritza (Curgia) Flint, 1998:65 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Pcia. Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Rio Tempisquito, Maritza, 10.958°N, 85.497°W; NMNH; ♂; in banksi group].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

medioloba (Curgia) Flint, 1971c:22 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Gebeit Endstation Rio Marauia, Bergbach II; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:37 [♂; redescription; distribution; to medioloba group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:76 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Venezuela.

merengue (incertae sedis) Blahnik, 1997:210 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Dajabon, 1.3 Km S Loma de Cabrera; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in Chimarrita maldonadoi group]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:42 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:90 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:51 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist]. —Kjer, et al., 2014:352 [incertae sedis].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

mesodonta (Chimarrita) Vilaniro and Calor, 2015b:123 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Teresinha, Pedra Branca, Serra da Jibóia, 12°51'016"S, 39°28'48"W, el. 679 m; ♂; ♀; rosalesi Group].

Distribution. Brazil.

mexicana (Curgia) (Banks), 1900:259 [Type locality: Mexico, Vera Cruz, Xico; MCZ; ♂; in Rhyacophila]. —Banks, 1901:371 [distribution]. —Flint, 1967c:3 [♂; redescription; synonymy]. —Flint, 1967d:166 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:197 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:534 [distribution]. —Flint, 1998:43 [♂; redescription; distribution; to mexicana group]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist].

—mexicana (Ulmer), 1905b:89 [Type locality: Mexico; NMW; ♂; in Wormaldia]. —Flint, 1966a:3 [lectotype]. —Flint, 1967c:3 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico.

minca (Curgia) Flint, 1998:72 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Barinas, 15 km SW Barinitas; NMNH; ♂; in banksi group]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

minga (Curgia) Flint, 1998:28 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Barinas, 30 km NE Barinitas; NMNH; ♂; in margaritae group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

moesta (Curgia) Banks, 1924:449 [Type locality: Cuba; MCZ; ♂; in Chimarrha]. —Flint, 1967c:3 [illustration of erroneously associated ♀]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:44 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Flint, 1998:54 [♂; redescription; correction of erroneously associated abdomen; to braconoides group]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:90 [checklist]. —González Lazo et al., 2005:260 [distribution]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

—alayoi Botosaneanu, 1980:96 [Type locality: Cuba, Prov. Pinar del Rio, Arroyo del pinar de Viñales; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:44 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:459 [larva]. —Flint, 1998:54 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Cuba.

morio (Curgia) Burmeister, 1839:911 [Type locality: Brasilien; ZIUH, now lost; ♀; in Chimarrha]. —Fischer, 1961:67 [bibliography]. —Flint, 1998:14 [♂; redescription; variation; distribution; to morio group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:363 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:23 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:76 [checklist]. —Vilarino and Calor, 2015b:130 [♂; variation, distribution].

—martinmoselyi Botosaneanu, 1980:98 [replacement name for Chimarra moselyi Ross, 1956a:50, 71, preoccupied by Chimarra moselyi Denning, 1947b:251]. [Type locality: Argentina [sic, recte: Brazil], Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro; BMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:14 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Brazil.

munozi (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992b:424 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Heredia, Parque Nacional Braulio Carillo, Estación Magsasay, Río Peje, 10.402°N, 84.050°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:51 [♂; ♀; to beameri group; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:3 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

mycterophora (Curgia) Flint, 1998:77 [Type locality: Bolivia, Dpto. La Paz, quebradas del Río Zongo; NMNH; ♂; in banksi group].

Distribution. Bolivia, Peru.

nasuta (Curgia) Flint, 1998:70 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Veracruz, Los Tuxtlas area, near Balzapote; NMNH; ♂; in banksi group].

Distribution. Mexico.

neblina (Chimarrita) Blahnik, 1997:213 [Type locality: Venezuela, T. F. Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, Camp III; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in rosalesi group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

neofimbriata (Curgia) Flint, 1974c:23 [Type locality: Suriname, Wilhelmina Mountains, trail II km. 12; RNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:39 [♂; redescription; distribution; to medioloba group].

Distribution. Guyana, Suriname.

nicehuh (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2012:11 [Type locality: Venezuela, Trujillo, Quebrada Potrerito, 7.5 km NE Boconó, 9°16.435'N, 70°13.102'W, el. 1530 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀; in picea group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

oaxaca (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:121 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, 8 km S Valle Nacional; NMNH; ♂; in primula group].

Distribution. Mexico.

obscura (Chimarra) (Walker), 1852:121 [Type locality: [Canada], St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay; BMNH; ♂; in Beraea ?]. —Betten and Mosely, 1940:17 [♂; lectotype; in Chimarrha]. —Ross, 1944:51 [♂; ♀; larva; to Chimarra]. —Blahnik, 1998:76 [♂; ♀; to obscura group, distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:23 [distribution; biology].

—plutonis (Banks), 1911:358 [Type locality: United States, New Jersey-Pennsylvania, Delaware Water Gap; MCZ; ♂; in Wormaldia]. —Betten and Mosely, 1940:17, 19 [to synonymy].

—lucia Betten, 1934:175 [Type locality: United States, New York; CU; ♂]. —Ross, 1938a:7 [as synonym of plutonis].

Distribution. Canada, Mexico, U.S.A.

odonta (Otarrha) Blahnik, 2002:85 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Est. Biol. Boraceia, el. 850 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:364 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:23 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1279 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:78 [checklist]. —Vilarino and Calor, 2015b:133 [distribution].

Distribution. Brazil.

onchyrhina (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2012:6 [Type locality: Venezuela, Sucre, Península de Paria, Puerto Viejo, “Río el Pozo”, 10°43.073'N, 62°28.569'S, el. 20 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀; in ortiziana group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

onima (Chimarra) Flint, 1991:29 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Agua Mala, 34 km NW Medellín [road to San Jerónimo]; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:100 [♂; ♀; to picea group]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

ortiziana (Chimarra) Flint, 1967b:6 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, near Huatusco; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:196 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:56 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:81 [♂; ♀; to ortiziana group; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist].

Distribution. Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico.

otuzcoensis (Curgia) Flint and Reyes, 1991:480 [Type locality: Peru, Dept. La Libertad, Prov. Otuzco, Dist. Sinsicap, Río Sinsicap, Sinsicap; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:30 [♂; redescription; distribution; to otuzcoensis group].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru.

ovalis (Chimarra) Ross, 1959:170 [Type locality: Mexico, Chis.[Chiapas], Salto de Agua; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:196 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:122 [♂; ♀; to primula group]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico.

pablito (Curgia) Flint, 1998:48 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Pcia. Cartago, Turrialba; NMNH; ♂; in mexicana group]. —Maes, 1999:1191 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

—spangleri Trivette ms., McElravy et al., 1981:152 [distribution]. —Flint, 1998:48 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama.

† palaedominicana (incertae sedis) Wichard, 1983a:142 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; collection Wichard; ♂; in amber]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:42 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:302 [checklist]. —Wichard, 2007a:14 [♂; to Chimarrita; key]. —Kjer, et al., 2014:352 [incertae sedis].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

† palaenova (incertae sedis) Wichard, 2007a:17 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; SMNS; ♂; in amber; in Chimarrita]. —Kjer, et al., 2014:352 [incertae sedis].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

paracreagra (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:101 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza, Puyo (22 km W); NMNH; ♂; ♀; in picea group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

parana (Curgia) Flint, 1972b:227 [Type locality: Argentina, Prov. Misiones, Puerto Rico; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:73 [♂;redescription; distribution; to banksi group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:364 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Souza et al., 2013a:8 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:76 [checklist].

—punctulata (Curgia) Flint, 1983a:16 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia (27°11'S, 52°23'W); NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:73 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

paraortiziana (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992b:426 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Heredia, Estación Biológica La Selva, Quebrada El Salto, 10.427°N, 84.005°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:82 [♂; ♀ to ortiziana group; distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1190 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua.

parene (Otarrha) Blahnik, 2002:87 [Type locality: Peru, Parene, El Campamiento; CU; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

paria (Curgia) Flint, 1998:34 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Sucre, Río la Viuda, Uquire, Peninsula de Paria, 10°42.830'N, 61°57.661'W; NMNH; ♂; in canoaba group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

parilis (Otarrha) Blahnik, 2002:87 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Amazonia Lodge, Toma del Agua (stream), l2°52.22'S, 7l°22.56'W, el. 414 m; MJP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Peru.

particeps (Otarrha) Blahnik, 2002:89 [Type locality: Peru, Huanuco, Tingo Maria, el. 672 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Peru.

patosa (Otarrha) Ross, 1956a:71 [Type locality: Peru, [Dpto.] Cuzco, [Prov.] Paucartambo, Cosnipata Valley; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:388 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 2002:89 [♂; ♀; to Otarrha].

Distribution. Peru.

paucispina (Curgia) Santos and Nessimian, 2009b:23 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas State, Manaus, Tributary of the Rio Cuieiras, 2°33'46.4”5, 60°19'03.4"W; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:76 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

peineta (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992b:428 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, El Hacha, Quebrada Alcornoque, 10.009°N, 85.577°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:84 [♂; ♀; to ortiziana group; distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1191 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:3 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama.

pelaezi (Chimarra) Bueno-Soria, 1985:19 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Acahuizotla, 17 km S de Chilpancingo; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:123 [♂; to primula group].

Distribution. Mexico.

persimilis (Curgia) Banks, 1920:360 [Type locality: Ecuador, Quevedo; MCZ; ♂; in Chimarrha]. —Flint, 1967c:4 [♂; lectotype]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:3 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:57 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:534 [distribution]. —Flint, 1998:84 [♂; redescription; distribution; to immaculata group]. —Maes, 1999:1191 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru.

peruana (Otarrha) Blahnik, 2002:91 [Type locality: Peru, Aina, am back gestreift, el. 1400 m; ZMUH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

peruviana (Curgia) Flint, 1998:71 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pcia. Napo, Río Jandachi, 30 km N Tena; NMNH; ♂; in banksi group].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru.

petersorum (Curgia) Flint, 1998:21 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Paraná, Rio Marumbi, Marumbi; MZUSP; ♂; in morio group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:77 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

petricola (Curgia) Flint, 1998:21 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis; BMNH; ♂; in morio group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:364 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:77 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

peytoni (Curgia) Flint, 1998:85 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Barinas, Puente Parangula, 8 km S Barinitas; NMNH; ♂; in immaculata group]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

phthanorossi (Otarrha) Blahnik, 2002:91 [Type locality: Colombia, Chocó, km 130, 86 km E Quibdo; ZMUH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Colombia.

picea (Chimarra) Navás, 1924c:79 [Type locality: Costa Rica; MNHNP; ♀; in Chimarrha]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:56 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:102 [♂; ♀; to picea group; distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua.

piliferosa (Curgia) Flint, 1998:63 [Type locality: Bolivia, Yungas de la Paz, Río San Pedro; NMNH; ♂; in banksi group].

Distribution. Bolivia, Peru.

piraya (Curgia) Flint, 1983a:15 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Arroyo Piray Mini, Rt.17 W Dos Hermanas; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:72 [♂; redescription; to banksi group].

Distribution. Argentina.

platyrhina (Chimarra) Flint, 1981a:13 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Maracay, Río Limón, Estación Pisicultura; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1991:28 [♂; distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:85 [♂; ♀; to ortiziana group; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist].

Distribution. Venezuela.

plaumanni (Curgia) Flint, 1983a:19 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia (27°11'S, 52°23'W); NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1997b:56 [distribution]. —Flint, 1998:18 [♂; redescription; variation; to morio group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1278 [distribution]. —Manzo et al., 2014:166 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:77 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

pollex (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992b:430 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito & tribs, 10.216°N, 84.607°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:86 [♂; ♀ to ortiziana group]. —Maes, 1999:1191 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:3 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama.

poolei (Chimarra) Flint, 1981a:13 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Dos Riitos, 6 km N Rancho Grande; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:111 [♂; ♀; to poolei group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

potosi (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:124 [Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosí, 4 mi S Tamazunchale; NMNH; ♂; in primula group].

Distribution. Mexico.

primula (Chimarra) Denning, 1950:100 [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Oak Creek Canyon; CAS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:196 [distribution; as volenta]. —Blahnik, 1998:125 [♂; ♀; to primula group, distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:334 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:187 [phenology, distribution]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:5 [♀].

—volenta (Chimarra) Ross, 1959:170 [Type locality: presumably collected in Mexico; INHS; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:125 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

prolata (Chimarrita) Blahnik, 1997:214 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza, Puyo (27 km N), Estación Fluviometrica; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in rosalesi group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

protuberans (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:64 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Manu, Erika (near Salvacion); NMNH; ♂; ♀; in bidentata group].

Distribution. Peru.

puertoricensis (Otarrha) Flint, 1964a:23 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Maricao, fish hatchery; NMNH; ♂; ♂; larva]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Blahnik, 2002:95 [♂; ♀; to Otarrha]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

pulchra (Curgia) Hagen, 1861:298 [Type locality: Cuba; MCZ; ♂; in Chimarrha]. —Ross, 1952:32 [♀; lectotype]. —Flint, 1967c:3 [♂; synonymy]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:44 [distribution]. —Kumanski, 1987:7 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994b:459 [larva]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Flint, 1998:56 [♂; redescription; variation; to pulchra group]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:90 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist]. —López del Castillo et al., 2007:171 [distribution; seasonal abundance].

—fraterna Banks, 1924:449 [Type locality: Cuba; MCZ; ♂; in Chimarrha]. —Flint, 1967c:4 [lectotype; to synonymy].

Distribution. Cuba.

pumila (Chimarra) (Banks), 1920:359 [Type locality: Ecuador, Quevedo; MCZ; ♀; in Chimarrha]. —Flint, 1967c:4 [♀; lectotype]. —Blahnik, 1998:134 [♀; incertae sedis].

Distribution. Ecuador.

purisca (Curgia) Flint, 1998:65 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Pcia. San José, P. N. Braulio Carillo, 6.2 km NE adm. Build., 10.09°N, 83.97°; NMNH; ♂; in banksi group]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:3 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

pusilla (Chimarrita) Blahnik, 1997:213 [Type locality: Venezuela, T. F. Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho (40 km S), El Tobogán; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in rosalesi group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

puya (Curgia) Flint, 1998:31 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pcia. Pastaza, 27 km N Puyo, Estación Fluviometrico; NMNH; ♂; in fernandezi group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

pylaea (Chimarra) Denning, 1941:84 [Type locality: Mexico, [Nuevo Leon], Monterey; UMSP; ♂; in Chimarrha]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:196 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:35 [♂; ♀; to angustipennis group; distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

quadratiterga (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:104 [Type locality: Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchipe, 6 km E Zumbi; NMNH; ♂; in picea group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

quadrifurcata (Otarrha) Botosaneanu, 1994a:43 [Type locality: Guadeloupe, rivière de la Grande Anse, à “Moscou”; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2000:256 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist]. —Blahnik, 2002:95 [♂; ♀; to Otarrha]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:55 [checklist].

Distribution. Guadeloupe.

quaternaria (Curgia) Flint, 1971c:23 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Gebeit Endstation Rio Marauia, Bergbach II; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:40 [♂; redescription; to medioloba group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:77 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

quina (Curgia) Flint, 1998:54 [Type locality: Cuba, Holguín Province, Pinares de Mayari; NMNH; ♂; in braconoides group]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist, as “in press”]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:90 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:149 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

quitacalzon (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:65 [Type locality: Peru, Cuzco, Paucartambo to Pilcopata rd., Quebrada Quitacalzón at Puente Quitacalzón; NMNH; ♂; ♂; in bidentata group].

Distribution. Peru.

rafita (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:66 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza, Puyo (27 km N), Estación Fluviometrico; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in bidentata group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

redonda (Otarrha) Blahnik, 2002:98 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, La Palma, 12 km E of El Río; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:11 [as undescribed species]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:42 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:51 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

† resinae (incertae sedis) Wichard, 1983a:141 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; collection Wichard; ♂; in amber]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:42 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist]. —Wichard, 2007a:14 [♂; to Chimarrita; key]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:302 [checklist]. —Kjer, et al., 2014:352 [incertae sedis].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

retrorsa (Otarrha) Flint, 1974c:26 [Type locality: Suriname, Brownsberg, top; RNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 2002:98 [♂; to Otarrha].

Distribution. Suriname.

rhamphodes (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:67 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Manu, Erika (near Salvación); NMNH; ♂; in bidentata group].

Distribution. Peru.

ridleyi (Chimarra) Denning, 1941:83 [Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Villa Allende; UMSP; ♂; in Chimarrha]. —Denning, 1962b:406 [clasper ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:196 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:56 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:36 [♂; ♀ angustipennis group; distribution]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:334 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:305 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:187 [phenology, distribution]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:5 [♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, U.S.A.

rosalesi (Chimarrita) Flint, 1981a:12 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Dos Riitos, 6 km N Rancho Grande; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1997:217 [♂; ♀; distribution; to rosalesi group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

rossi (Otarrha) Bueno-Soria, 1985:22 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Corcovado, Estacion Sirena; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:56 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 2002:99 [♂; ♀; distribution; to Otarrha]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama.

sarophora (Curgia) Flint, 1998:60 [Type locality: Panama, Pcia. Colón, Canal Zone, Río Agua Salud, Pipeline Road; NMNH; ♂; in banksi group]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Nicaragua, Panama.

schiza (Chimarra) Ross, 1959:172 [Type locality: Mexico, Oax[aca], Huajuapan; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:196 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:130 [♂; ♀ to utahensis group]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:5 [♀; distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

scopula (Curgia) Flint, 1974c:18 [Type locality: Suriname, Saramacca River, Wedeboh Rapids; RNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:74 [♂; redescription; distribution; to banksi group].

Distribution. Suriname, Venezuela.

scopuloides (Curgia) Flint, 1974c:19 [Type locality: Suriname, Tapanahoni River, Gwé Rapids; RNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1992d:65 [distribution]. —Flint, 1998:76 [♂; redescription; distribution; to banksi group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:77 [checklist].

—catarinensis (Curgia) Flint, 1983a:19 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia (27°11'S, 52°23'W); NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:76 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Suriname.

securigera (Curgia) Flint, 1998:86 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Barinas, Río Santo Domingo, Barinas; NMNH; ♂; in immcaculata group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

sensillata (Otarrha) Flint, 1981a:12 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, 4 km S Rancho Grande; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 2002:102 [♂; to Otarrha; in Chimarra sensillata species complex].

Distribution. Venezuela.

septemlobata (Otarrha) Flint, 1991:28 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada La Iguana, 17 km NW Medellín [road to San Pedro]; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist]. —Blahnik, 2002:102 [♂; ♀; to Otarrha].

Distribution. Colombia.

septifera (Otarrha) Flint, 1974c:25 [Type locality: Suriname, Brownsberg, mountain creek near Golddigers camp; RNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 2002:102 [♂; to Otarrha].

Distribution. Suriname.

setosa (Chimarra) Ross, 1959:175 [Type locality: Mexico, Chis.[Chiapas], Finca Vergel; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:196 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:126 [♂; ♀; to setosa group; distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1191 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua.

simpliciforma (Chimarrita) Flint, 1971c:23 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Reserva Ducke, Manaus; IRSNB; ♂]. —Flint, 1974c:29 [♂; distribution]. —Blahnik, 1997:230 [♂; ♀; distribution; to simpliciforma group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:74 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela.

solisi (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992b:433 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Heredia, Rara Avis Biol. Station, Quebrada Chiquiza, 10.229°N, 84.032°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:88 [♂; ♀; to ortiziana group]. —Maes, 1999:1191 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua.

soroa (Otarrha) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2012:29 [Type locality: Cuba, Pinar del Río, La Caridad, 2 km NW Soroa, 22°48.6'N, 83°01.2'W, el. 220 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Cuba.

spangleri (Chimarra) Bueno-Soria, 1985:16 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Corcovado, Estacion Sirena; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:56 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:202 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:30 [♂; distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:112 [♂; ♀ to poolei group; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:3 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad.

spatulata (Curgia) Ross, 1959:176 [Type locality: Mexico, Chis. [Chiapas], Finca Vergel; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:197 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:3 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:57 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:534 [distribution]. —Flint, 1998:68 [♂; redescription; distribution; to banksi group]. —Maes, 1999:1192 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama.

spinulifera baoruco (Otarrha) Flint and Sykora, 2004:51 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Barahona Province, San Rafael, 8.3 km S Baoruco, 18°01.9'N, 71°08.4'W, el. 30 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist, as unpublished species]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

spinulifera galalcha (Otarrha) Botosaneanu, 1996:11 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Cordillera Septentrional, Arroyo Los Guineos, tributary of Rio Nagua; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:42 [checklist]. —Blahnik, 2002:107 [♂; ♀; to Otarrha]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:51 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

spinulifera spinulifera (Otarrha) Flint, 1968c:151 [Type locality: Haiti, Roche Croix, Mt. La Hotte; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:12 [distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:42 [checklist]. —Blahnik, 2002:107 [♂; to Otarrha]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:51 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:301 [checklist].

Distribution. Haiti.

straminea (Curgia) Flint, 1998:33 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Mérida, 10 km E Santo Domingo; NMNH; ♂; in canoaba group].

Distribution. Venezuela.

strongyla (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:68 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pichincha, Nanegal; NMNH; ♂; in bidentata group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

† succini (incertae sedis) Wichard, 1983b:4 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; SMNS; ♂; in amber]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:43 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist]. —Wichard, 2007a:15 [♂; to Chimarrita; key]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:302 [checklist]. —Kjer, et al., 2014:352 [incertae sedis].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

sunima (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2012:13 [Type locality: Colombia Valle, Municipio de Buenaventura, Río Escalerete, frente a casa de “Acua Valle”, ca. 15 km SE Cordoba, 3°49'38"N, 76°52'15"W, el. 200 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀; in picea group].

Distribution. Colombia.

tachuela (Otarrha) Blahnik, 2002:108 [Type locality: Venezuela, Merida, La Campana, 12 km SE Santo Domingo; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in Chimarra sensillata species complex].

Distribution. Venezuela.

tamba (Curgia) Flint, 1998:76 [Type locality: Peru, Dpto. Cusco, Pcia. Paucartambo, streamlet 50 m E Quitacalzón at km 164 (13°01.6'S, 71°30.0'W), 32 km NW Pilcopata; NMNH; ♂; in banksi group].

Distribution. Peru.

tapanti (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:105 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, Quebrada Palmitos & falls, 9.72°N, 83.78°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in picea group].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

teresae (Curgia) Flint, 1998:77 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Espírito Santo, Fazenda Santa Clara, 15 km SE Santa Teresa; MZUSP; ♂; in banksi group]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:364 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1279 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:77 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

texana (Curgia) Banks, 1920:360 [Type locality: United States, Texas, San Antonio; MCZ; ♀; in Chimarrha]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:197 [distribution]. —Flint, 1998:81 [♂; redescription; distribution; to laguna group]. —Bowles et al., 2007:23 [distribution; biology]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:5 [♀].

—betteni Denning, 1941:82 [Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Villa Allende; UMSP; ♂; in Chimarrha]. —Edwards and Arnold, 1961:406 [larva; pupa]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:190, 197 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

tortuosa (Chimarrita) Blahnik, 1997:232 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Am. 010 km 246, 20 km W Itacoatiara; MZUSP; ♂; ♂; in simpliciforma group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:74 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

truncatiloba (Curgia) Flint, 1974c:21 [Type locality: Suriname, Nassau Mountains, km. 16.4; RNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998:37 [♂; redescription; to medioloba group].

Distribution. Suriname.

tucuna (Curgia) Flint, 1998:24 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Amazonas, Igarapé Tucunaré, 75 km W Itacoatiara; MZUSP; ♂; in tucuna group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:77 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

uara (Chimarra) Flint, 1971c:24 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Marauia, Endstation; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974c:27 [♂; distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:114 [♂; ♀ to poolei group; distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Souza et al., 2013a:7 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:72 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela.

usitatissima (incertae sedis) Flint, 1971c:24 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Branquinho, bei Cachoeira; NMNH; ♂]. — Flint, 1974c:29 [♂; distribution]. —Blahnik, 2002:119 [♂; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:78 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

utahensis (Chimarra) Ross, 1938:134 [Type locality: United States, Utah, Gandy; INHS; ♂]. —Ross, 1951a:67 [distribution]. —Denning, 1964:133 [checklist]. —Flint, 1967d:166 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:196 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:131 [♂; ♀ to utahensis group; distribution]. —Blahnik, 2002:119 [to incertae sedis]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:334 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:303 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:187 [phenology, distribution]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:5 [♀].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

utra (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:89 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza, Puyo (5 km E); NMNH; ♂; ♀; in ortiziana group].

Distribution. Ecuador.

villalobosi (Chimarra) Bueno-Soria, 1985:17 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Corcovado, Estacion Sirena; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:57 [distribution]. —Blahnik, 1998:90 [♂; ♀; to ortiziana group; distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1191 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:3 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama.

virgencita (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992b:433 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Quebrada Virgencita, 10.2 km S Bajos del Toro, 10.168°N, 84.326°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:133 [♂; ♀; to virgencita group].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

† weitschati (incertae sedis) Wichard, 1983a:139 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; collection Wichard; ♂; in amber—Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:43 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist]. —Wichard, 2007a:14 [♂; to Chimarrita; key]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:302 [checklist]. —Kjer, et al., 2014:352 [incertae sedis].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

wilcuma (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:91 [Type locality: Venezuela, Zulia, Parque Nacional Perija, Río Negro in Toromo; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in ortiziana group]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

wilsoni (Curgia) Flint, 1967b:8 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Las Cruces near San Vito; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:57 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:534 [distribution]. —Flint, 1998:46 [♂; redescription; distribution; to mexicana group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

woldai (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:62 [Type locality: Panama, Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Snyder-Molino trail, marker 3; NMNH; ♂; in bidens group]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:191 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

xingu (Chimarrita) Blahnik, 1997:232 [Type locality: Brazil, Pará, Rio Xingu Camp, 52°22'W, 3°39'S, ca. 60 km S Altamira, Igarape Jabuti; MZUSP; ♂; ♀; in simpliciforma group]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:14 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:74 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

xus (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:115 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza, Puyo (27 km N), Estación Fluviometrico; NMNH; ♂; in poolei group]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.

yanura (Chimarra) Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992b:436 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Limón, Parque Nacional Braulio Carillo, Quebrada González, 10.160°N, 83.939°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik, 1998:52 [♂; ♀ to beameri group].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

ypsilon (Curgia) Flint, 1983a:17 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Puerto Libertad; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1998: [♂; redescription; to mexicana group]. —Almeida and Marinoni, 2001:974 [♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:364 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:78 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay.

zamora (Chimarra) Blahnik, 1998:116 [Type locality: Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchipe, Zamora; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in poolei group].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru.

Genus Chimarrhodella Lestage [12]

Chimarrhodella Lestage, 1925:37 [Type species: Chimarrha galeata Martynov, 1912, original designation]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992a:109 [revision].

Protarra Ross, 1956a:68 [Type Species: Protarra peruviana Ross, 1956a, original designation]. —Flint, 1971c:20 [to synonymy].

Loxinum Navás, 1934a:175 [Type species: Loxinum aequatorium Navás, 1934a, original designation]. —Flint1983a:77 [as synonym of Banyallarga]. —Flint et al., 1999b:15 [as synonym of Banyallarga]. —Prather, 2004:9, 10 [to Philopotamidae, as synonym of Chimarrhodella].

This genus is limited to the Neotropical Region, where it is found along the western mountains from Peru to Costa Rica, and eastward into Venezuela and the island of Tobago. Twelve species have been discovered up to now. The immature stages are unknown. Adults are generally taken by net in the day, but a few will also come sparingly to light at night. They are found near small mountain streams in heavily forested areas.

aequatoria (Navás), 1934a:176 [Type locality: Ecuador, Loja; MNHNP; ♀; in Loxinum]. —Flint, 1983a:77 [type is missing; to Banyallarga]. — Flint et al., 1999b:16 [in Banyallarga]. —Prather, 2004:9, 10 [to Chimarrhodella].

Distribution. Ecuador.

costaricensis Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992a:116 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Quebrada Latas, 8.9 km NE Bajos del Toro, 10.269°N, 84.260°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

flinti Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992a:117 [Type locality: Venezuela, Barinas, Pte. Parangula, 8 km S Barinitas; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

galeata (Martynov), 1912:30 [Type locality: Peru, Callanga; ASL; ♂; in Chimarrha]. —Flint, 1975:568 [synonymy]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992a:117 [♂; ♀; distribution].

—sagittoides (Ross), 1956a:69 [Type locality: Bolivia, Mapiri; ZSZMH; ♂; in Protarra]. —Flint, 1975:568 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Bolivia, Peru.

nigra Flint, 1981:10 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Dos Riitos, 6 km N Rancho Grande; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992a:121 [♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

ornata Blahnik, 2004:2 [Type locality: Ecuador, Tungurahua, Río Verde, 1600 m; NMNH; ♂; phylogenetic placement of species].

Distribution. Ecuador.

paria Blahnik, 2004:4 [Type locality: Venezuela, Sucre, Peninsula de Paria, Santa Isabel, Río Santa Isabel, 10°44.294'N, 62°38.954'W, el 20 m; UMSP; ♂; phylogenetic placement of species].

Distribution. Venezuela.

peruviana (Ross), 1956a:69 [Type locality: Peru, Cusco, Paucartambo, Cosnipata Valley; INHS; ♂; in Protarra]. —Flint, 1991:25 [♂; distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992a:121 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:385 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Peru, Venezuela.

pilcopata Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992a:118 [Type locality: Peru, Cuzco, Pilcopata; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

tapanti Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992a:118 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapantí, Quebrada Palmitos and falls, 9.72°N, 83.38°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

tobagoensis Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992a:123 [Type locality: Tobago, St. John, Hermitage River Bridge, Charlotteville; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:202 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:29 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:71 [distribution].

Distribution. Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela.

ulmeri (Ross), 1956a:69 [Type locality: Peru, Alna [recte, Aina]; ZSZMH; ♂; in Protarra]. —Flint, 1981a:10 [♂; distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:535 [distribution]. —Blahnik and Holzenthal, 1992a:125 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:386 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Genus Sortosa Navás [20]

Sortosa Navás, 1918c:227 [Type species: Sortosa fusca Navás, 1918c, by monotypy]. —Ross, 1956a:29 [revised as subgenus, but treated as a senior synonym of Dolophilodes]. —Schmid, 1964:312 [as subgenus of Dolophilodes]. —Blahnik, 2005:5 [elevated to genus].

Blahnik (2005) elevated this genus and several others, formerly treated as subgenera or synonyms of Dolophilodes by Ross (1956a) and other authors, to full generic status. As currently defined, the genus is restricted to southern Chile and adjacent regions of Argentina. It is infrequently collected and never in great numbers.

The larvae of a number of the former subgenera of Dolophilodes have been described (Weaver et al. 1981, Wiggins 1996). They all inhabit slender, finger-like silken nets in flowing water. Their nets contain a very fine inner silken mesh to filter food from the water (Wallace and Malas 1976). It is likely that the as yet unknown larvae of Sortosa have similar nets and habits.

angulata (Schmid), 1964:314 [Type locality: Chile, (O’Higgins), La Leonera; NMNH; ♂; in Dolophilodes]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

appendiculata (Flint), 1967a:53 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Valdivia, Punucapa; NMNH; ♂; in Dolophilodes]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

bifida (Flint), 1969b:507 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Concepcion, Quebrada Pinares, near Concepcion; NMNH; ♂; in Dolophilodes]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

bispinosa (Flint), 1967a:54 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Valdivia, Punucapa; NMNH; ♂; in Dolophilodes]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

chilensis (Navás), 1918d:10 [Type locality: Chile, Marga Marga; MZBS; ♂; in Dolophilus]. —Schmid, 1949a:316 [synonymy]. —Ross, 1956a:29 [♂]. —Flint, 1974e:86 [checklist]. —Cohen, 2004:76 [distribution].

—fusca Navás, 1918c:228 [Type locality: Chile, Los Perales, Marga-Marga; MZBS; ♂; in Sortosa]. —Schmid, 1949a:316 [to synonymy, ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

duplex (Schmid), 1964:315 [Type locality: Chile, [Area Metropolitana], Maipu, Rinconada; NMNH; ♂; in Dolophilodes]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

dupliplex (Flint), 1983a:13 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Maule, Alto Tregualemu, ca. 20 km SE Chovellén; NMNH; ♂; in Dolophilodes].

Distribution. Chile.

edwardi Ross, 1956a:29, 56 [Type locality: Chile, Ñuble, 50 km. east of San Carlos; CAS; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

elongata (Schmid), 1964:315 [Type locality: Chile, (Arauco), Pichinahuel; NMNH; ♂; in Dolophilodes]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

elongatoides (Flint), 1967a:53 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Valdivia, brook at Fundo Walper near Valdivia; NMNH; ♂; in Dolophilodes]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

flavipunctata Schmid, 1955a:130 [Type locality: Chile, (ile de Chiloé) Aucar; NMNH; ♂; 1964:314 [♂]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

michelbacheri Ross, 1956a:29, 56 [Type locality: Chile, Llanquihue, Los Muermos; CAS; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

paxillifera (Flint), 1969b:505 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Malleco, Rio Blanco, Curacautin; NMNH; ♂; in Dolophilodes]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

pectinifera Schmid, 1958b:198 [Type locality: Chile, (Linares), Estero de Lleiva; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

prolixa (Flint), 1983a:13 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Maule, Alto Tregualemu, ca. 20 km SE Chovellén; NMNH; ♂; in Dolophilodes].

Distribution. Chile.

scopula (Flint), 1983a:14 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Maule, Alto Tregualemu, ca. 20 km SE Chovellén; NMNH; ♂; in Dolophilodes].

Distribution. Chile.

spectabilis (Flint), 1983a:11 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Malleco, Parque Nacional Contulmo; NMNH; ♂; in Dolophilodes].

Distribution. Chile.

spinifera Schmid, 1958b:197 [Type locality: Chile, (Arauco), Pichinahuel; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

spinosella (Flint), 1969b:505 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Curico, Estero la Jaula, Los Quenes; NMNH; ♂; in Dolophilodes]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

ventricosta (Flint), 1983a:12 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Ñuble, Recinto; NMNH; ♂; in Dolophilodes].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Wormaldia McLachlan [50]

Wormaldia McLachlan, 1865:140 [Type species: Hydropsyche occipitalis Pictet, 1834, subsequent designation of Ross 1949b]. —Ross, 1956a:38 [revision]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2008:1 [revision of Nearctic species]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:1 [revision of Neotropical species, key to males].

The genus is widespread over the Northern Hemisphere, and in the New World occurs in the eastern and western mountains of North America, south through Mexico into Peru and Bolivia, and including some of the Lesser Antillean islands; it is also represented in Baltic amber. In total the genus has close to 200 species; it is especially diverse in Asia and South America.

Larvae of several species from Europe and North America have been described (Wiggins 1996, 2004). As with all the other genera of the family, they construct a tubular retreat of silk that is lined with a very fine silken screen for filtering their food from flowing water. The larvae of the South American representatives have yet to be described.

alicia Bueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso and Barba-Álvarez, 2004:483 [Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Municipio de Huimanguillo Arroyo las Flores Villa de Guadalupe 2nd seccíon Los Chimalapas, km 5 Ruta Malpasito-Carlos A. Madrazo, 17°22'05"N, 93°36'25"W; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:9 [diagnosis].

Distribution. Mexico.

andrea Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:9 [Type locality: Ecuador, Tungurahua, 13 km E Baños, [1°23'S, 78°25'W], el. 1550 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

anhelitus Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:10 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tribs., 10.216°N, 84.607°W, el. 980 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama.

araujoi Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:12 [Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, 5.2 km SW Pano, [1°3'S, 77°52'W], el. 640 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

arizonensis (Ling), 1938:63 [Type locality: United States, Arizona; CAS; ♂; in Dolophilus]. —Ross, 1941:51 [distribution]. —Ross, 1944:292 [checklist]. —Ross, 1949b:154 [♂; to Wormaldia, Arizonensis group]. —Ross, 1956a:38 [♂]. —Denning, 1956a:79 [key] —Flint, 1967d: 165 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:194 [distribution]. —Armitage, 1996:[work not paginated] [diagnosis; checklist]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2008:16 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:187 [phenology, distribution]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:5 [♀]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:13 [♂; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

aymara Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:14 [Type locality: Bolivia, La Paz, Yungas, Circuata to Cajuata, [16°37'S, 67°15'W], el. 2400 m; NMNH;♂].

Distribution. Bolivia.

barbai Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:15 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, near Huatusco, [19°9'N, 96°57'W]; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

bolivari Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:16 [Type locality: Venezuela, Barinas, 22 km NW Barinitas, [8°45'N, 70°25'W]; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

boteroi Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:17 [Type locality: Colombia, Valle del Cauca, Río Raposo, [3°43'N, 77°8'W]; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Colombia.

buenorum Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:18 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Finca Vergel; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [nomen nudum, checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

calderonae Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:19 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, El Aguacero, Ruta 190 Tuxtla Gutiérrez-Ocosocuautla a 15 km, [16°4'N, 93°33'W]; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [nomen nudum, checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

chrismark Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:20 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Fortuna Dam Site, near Hornitos, 8°44'N, 82°16'W, el. 1050 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

contrerasi Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:21 [Type locality: Panama, Panama, Cerro Campana, [8°40'60"N, 79°55'W]; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

cornuta Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 1986:138 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, tributario del Río Teapa sobre la ruta Mex.195, a 3 km al norte de Ixhuatán; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:22 [♂; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

dachiardiorum Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:23 [Type locality: Colombia, Magdalena, Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Estación Experimental San Lorenzo, Quebrada Segunda, 11°61'46"N, 74°38'W, el. 2100 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Colombia.

dampfi Ross and King, in Ross, 1956a:39, 62 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, San Cristobal; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:194 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:24 [♂; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua.

dorsata Ross and King, in Ross, 1956a:39, 62 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Finca Vergel; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:194 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:25 [♂; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

eberhardi Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:26 [Type locality: Panama, Panama, Canal Zone, Gamboa, Pipeline Rd., [9°7'N, 79°43'W]; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

endonima Ross and King, in Ross, 1956a:39, 62 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Finca Germania; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:194 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:27 [♂; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

esperonis Ross and King, in Ross, 1956a:41, 63 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Finca Esperanza; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:194 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:28 [♂; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico.

flinti Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:28 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Guadalupe Arriba, 8°52'26"N, 82°33'13"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia, Panama.

francovilla Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:30 [Type locality: Panama, Panama, Barro Colorado Island, [9°8'59"N, 79°50'59"W]; NMNH;♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

fredycarol Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:30 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, trib. to Quebrada Caraigres, 3.6 km (road) SW La Legua, 9.728°N, 84.125°W, el. 1650 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

gallardoi Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:31 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Río San Josecito, 10.922°N, 85.470°W, el. 960 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

gonzalezae Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:34 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, 1 km S Rancho Grande; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

hedamafera Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:34 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Toro, 3 km (road) SW Bajos del Toro, 10.204°N, 84.316°W, el. 1530 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua.

imberti Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:36 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Península de Osa, Corcovado, Estación Sirena, [8°29'N, 83°35'W]; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

inca Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:37 [Type locality: Peru, Huánuco, Tingo María, [9°18'S, 75°59'W], el. 672 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

insignis (Martynov), 1912:29 [Type locality: Peru, Callanga; ASL; ♂; in Dolophilus]. —Ross, 1956a:62 [checklist]. —Flint, 1975:568 [synonymy]. —Flint, 1996b:385 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:38 [♂; redescription; distribution].

—ostina Ross, 1956a:64 [Type locality: Peru, Department of Cuzco, Santa Isabel, Valley of Cosnipata; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1975:568 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Peru.

isela Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:39 [Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo León, Santiago, Potrero Redondo; IBUNAM; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

juarox Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:40 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapanti, Quebrada Segunda @ administrative building, and falls, 9.761°N, 83.787°W, el. 1250 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

lauglo Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:41 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Fortuna Dam Site, near Hornitos, 8°44'N, 82°6'W, el. 1050 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

luma Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 1986:140 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, La Esperanza, km 50, Ruta 175; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:42 [♂; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

machadorum Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:43 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tribs., 10.216°N, 84.607°W, el. 980 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

maesi Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:44 [Type locality: Nicaragua, Zelaya, Cerro Saslaya, 13°44'N, 85°01'W, el. 700 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Nicaragua.

matagalpa Flint, 1995:8 [Type locality: Nicaragua, Department of Matagalpa, on the road Maragalpa-Jinotega, Fuente Pura, 13°01'N, 85°55'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Maes, 1999:1192 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:44 [♂; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua.

menchuae Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:45 [Type locality: Guatemala, Izabal, Matías de Gálvez, [15°41'60"N, 88°37'W]; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Guatemala.

monsonorum Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:46 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Turrialba, Río Chitaría, route 10, 10 km NW Río Reventazón, 9.920°N, 83.604°W, el. 740 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

navarroae Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:47 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, km 11, carretera Teotitlán-Huautla, [18°15'N, 97°02'W]; IBUNAM; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

palma Flint, 1991:31 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, 10 km E Medellín [road to Las Palmas]; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:48 [♂; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Colombia.

paprockevi Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:49 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Jaba and rock quarry 1.4 km (air) W Las Cruces [San Vito de Jaba], 8.79°N, 82.97°W, el. 1150 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

planae Ross and King, in Ross, 1956a:41, 64 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Finca Vergel; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:9 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:194 [distribution]. —Flint, 1981a:10 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:58 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1990a:43 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:31 [♂; distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:535 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:202 [distribution; ecology]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:29 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:48 [distribution]. —Flint, 1995:8 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:70 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1192 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Viloria, 2002:108 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:47 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2008:53 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:78 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:50 [♂; redescription; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

—arcopa Denning, in Denning and Sykora, 1966:1219 [Type locality: Panama, [Panama], Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island; CAS; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:535 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:50 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, St. Vincent, Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela, U.S.A.

prolixa Flint, 1991:31 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, 12 km E Medellín [road to Sta. Elena]; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:54 [♂; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Colombia.

saboriorum Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:55 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Guadalupe Arriba, 8°52'26"N, 82°33'13"W; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

tarasca Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 1986:139 [Type locality: Mexico, Estado de Michoacán, Coalcomán (La Nieve); IBUNAM; ♂]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:56 [♂; redescription; distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

tocajoma Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:57 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapanti, Quebrada Segunda @ administrative building, and falls, 9.761°N, 83.787°W, el. 1250 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

trondi Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:58 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tribs., 10.216°N, 84.607°W, el. 980 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

tupacamara Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:59 [Type locality: Bolivia, La Paz, Yungas, Puente Mururata to Cusilloni, [16°8'S, 67°44'W], el. 1600 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Bolivia.

zunigae Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:60 [Type locality: Colombia, Risaralda, Termales de Santa Rosa de Cabal, [4°52'N, 75°38'W]; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Colombia.

zunigarceorum Muñoz-Quesada and Holzenthal, 2015:61 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, 5 km W. of Turrialba, [9°54'N, 83°40'W], el. 638 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

Family Philorheithridae

The family is represented in the New World by two genera and six species endemic to southern Chile and adjacent Argentina. Seven other genera and 24 species are found on Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand in the Australasian region, and from Madagascar, representing a Gondwanian distributional pattern. However, the discovery of a fossil philorheithrid from Transbaikalia in Russia suggests a former global distribution of the family (Sukatsheva and Vassilenko 2011).

Larvae of the Australian forms build stout cases of mineral matter and are predatory (Neboiss 1991). Larvae of the Chilean species, although collected, have not yet been described. They live in rivers and small streams, often in the sandy bottom.

Genus Mystacopsyche Schmid [2]

Mystacopsyche Schmid, 1955a:133 [Type species: Mystacopsyche ochracea Schmid, 1955a, original designation]. —Schmid 1964:328 [redescription].

Two species of this endemic Chilean genus are known. Adults are commonly swept from vegetation beside second and third order streams and also come to lights at night. No information is published on their immature stages.

longipilosa Schmid, 1964:329 [Type locality: Chile, Malleco, Angol; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Flint, 1990:120 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

ochracea Schmid, 1955a:134 [Type locality: Chile, Malleco, Rio Blanco; NMNH; ♂]. —Schmid, 1964:329 [redescription]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Psilopsyche Ulmer [4]

Psilopsyche Ulmer, 1907a:7 [Type species: Psilopsyche kolbiana Ulmer, 1907a, by monotypy].

The genus now contains four species, endemic to southern Chile and adjacent Argentina. The adults come commonly to lights placed close to most types of flowing water. The immature stages are undescribed.

chillana Navás, 1934a:170 [Type locality: Chile, Chillán; collection Navás, now lost?; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

granda Oláh and Johanson, 2010:122 [Type locality: Chile, Region del Araucania (IX), PN Nahuelbuta, camp site, Estero Cabreria, crosspoint between streams draining Mts Pichimanquemáhuida and Pichinahuel, 37°49.647'S, 73°00.691'W, 1100 m; NRS; ♂].

Distribution. Chile.

kolbiana Ulmer, 1907a:8 [Type locality: Chile, Linares, Longavi; ZMHU; ♂]. —Schmid, 1949a:396 [♂]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Flint, 1990:120 [distribution]. —Flint et al., 1999a:80 [synonymy]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2010:121 [distribution].

—ruiziana Navás, 1926:332 [Type locality: Chile, Lonquimay; MZBS; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:80 [to synonymy].

—blanchardi Navás, 1926:333 [Type locality: Chile, Lonquimay; collection Navás, now lost?; ♀]. —Navás, 1928:128 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

molinai Navás, 1926:334 [Type locality: Chile, Lonquimay; MZBS; ♂]. —Navás, 1928:128 [♀]. —Schmid, 1949a:395 [♂; redescription]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Flint et al., 1999a:80 [synonymy]. —Cohen, 2004:79 [distribution]. —Brand, 2009:225 [distribution]. —Oláh and Johanson, 2010:122 [distribution]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:35 [biology; habitat]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011b:143 [biology]. —Brand et al., 2012:90 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

—macqueeni Navás, 1935:373 [Type locality: Chile, Aysén; MNHNS, now lost; ♂; as Mac-Queeni]. —Flint et al., 1999a:80 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Family Polycentropodidae

This is a large and diverse family well represented in all biogeographic regions of the world. The family has undergone two recent major phylogenetic assessments and changes to classification (Chamorro and Holzenthal 2011, Johanson et al. 2012). For the Neotropical fauna, this most directly involved the establishment of the family Pseudoneureclipsidae for the genera Pseudoneureclipsis and Antillopsyche, the later endemic to the Greater Antilles, and both formerly included in the Polycentropodidae. Accordingly, the family includes only five genera in the Neotropics and adjacent Nearctic Mexico: Cernotina, Cyrnellus, Nyctiophylax, Polycentropus, and Polyplectropus. The first two are endimic to the New World, but the others are more or less cosmopolitan and not unequivocally monophyletic.

The larvae all construct silken retreats, usually open at both ends and with a surrounding trap net of silken strands (Wiggins 1996), although these may not be present in some genera. They appear to be very strongly predaceous, but also ingest plant detritus (Townsend and Hildrew 1978, Wiggins 1996).

Genus Cernotina Ross [68 + †1]

Cernotina Ross, 1938b:136 [Type species: Cernotina calcea Ross, 1938b, original designation]. —Flint, 1971c:33 [key, Amazonian species]. —Wichard, 2007a:32 [diagnosis].

The genus is found only in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, but it is in South America where the greatest diversity of species occurs. The larvae of a North American species were associated and described by Hudson et al. (1981). They are more common in lentic or slowly flowing lotic waters, but some species are found in small, fast streams (Flint 1964a, Hudson et al. 1981). Their silken retreats seemed to cover small depressions in the substrate, with one or both ends flared out into regular flaps of silken threads, similar to those of Cyrnellus (Hudson et al. 1981). The guts of Cyrnellus spicata were found filled with chironomid larvae and microcrustaceans (Hudson et al. 1981).

abbreviata Flint, 1971c:40 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Pará, headwaters of Rio Paru], Igarapé Aepuku Äku; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:79 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

acalyptra Flint, 1971c:34 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Marauiá, Cachoeira Rio Irapirapí; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974c:43 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:79 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

aestheticella Sykora, 1998:99 [Type locality: Peru, Departemento Loreto, bank of Yanomono Creek just below Explorama Lodge; CMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

anhanguera Camargos, Barcelos-Silva and Pes in Barcelos-Silva et al., 2013:117 [Type locality: Brazil, Goiás, Niquelândia, Pires stream, Anglo American/Codemin, 14°11'0.59"S, 48°21'4.40"W; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:79 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

antonina Holzenthal and Almeida, 2003:23 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Atonina, Reserva de Sapitanduva, 25°28'S, 48°50'W, el. 60 m; DZUP; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1279 [distribution]. —Souza et al., 2013a:8 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:79 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

artiguensis Angrisano, 1994:135 [Type locality: Uruguay, Depto. Artigas, Sepulturas, Picada del Negro Muerto, orilla río Cuareim; FHCU; ♂].

Distribution. Uruguay.

aruma Santos and Nessimian, 2008:30 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Igarapé Arumã, tributary to Rio Cuieiras, 02°30'55.2"S, 60°15'44.4"W; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:79 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

astera Ross, 1941:76 [Type locality: United States, Texas, San Felipe Springs, Del Rio; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:198 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:3 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1188 [checklist]. —Bowles et al., 2007:23 [distribution; biology]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua, U.S.A.

attenuata Flint, 1971c:36 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Igarapé, Barro branco; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:79 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

bibrachiata Flint, 1971c:37 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Manaus, Cachoeira do Gigante; NMNH; ♂]. —Sykora, 1998:102 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:80 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Peru.

bispicata Camargos, Barcelos-Silva and Pes in Barcelos-Silva et al., 2013:120 [Type locality: Brazil, Goiás, Niquelândia, Fazenda Horto Aranha, Anglo American/Codemin, 14°25'12.00"S, 48°44'9.00"W; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:80 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

cacha Flint, 1971c:35 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Marauiá, Endstation vor larger Cachoeira; NMNH; ♂]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:15 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:80 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

cadeti Flint, 1968b:20 [Type locality: St. Lucia, Vergallier R, Marquis; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:95 [checklist].

Distribution. St. Lucia.

calcea Ross, 1938b:137 [Type locality: United States, Illinois, Kankakee; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:198 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:3 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1188 [checklist]. —Bowles et al., 2007:23 [distribution; biology]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua, U.S.A.

caliginosa Flint, 1968a:24 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Hardwar Gap, Dicks Pond Trail; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:95 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

carbonelli Flint, 1983a:32 [Type locality: Uruguay, Dpto. Artigas, Río Cuareim, Sepulturas; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1994:137 [distribution].

Distribution. Uruguay.

chelifera Flint, 1972b:231 [Type locality: Argentina, Prov. Misiones, Capioví; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

chiapaneca Bueno-Soria, 2010:30 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Colón El Lagartero, 15°50'303.47"N, 91°52'32.78"W, el. 640 m; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

cingulata Flint, 1971c:41 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Branquinho, Lager Tapirí; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:80 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

compressa Flint, 1971c:39 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Marauiá, eine Tagesreise unterhalb der Mission S. Antonio; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:80 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

cygnea Flint, 1971c:37 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Solimões, Ilha Juçara; NMNH; ♂]. —Sykora, 1998:102 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:80 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Peru.

cystophora Flint, 1971c:35 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Branquinho, etwa 2 1/2 Stunden oberhalb Tapirí-Lager; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:80 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

danieli Flint and Sykora, 2004:52 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Pedernales Province, Río Mulito, 13 km N Pedernales, 18°09'N, 71°46'W, el. 230 m; ♂; ♀]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:302 [checklist].

—Cernotina sp. Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:43 [erroneously listed as ♂; recte ♀].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

declinata Flint, 1971c:36 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Para], Rio Paru, Mission Tiriyós; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974c:48 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:80 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

decumbens Flint, 1971c:37 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Aripuana, Beneficente; NMNH; ♂; as decembens, lapsus calami]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:81 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

depressa Flint, 1974c:49 [Type locality: Suriname, Lawa River, Anapaike; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

ecotura Sykora, 1998:99 [Type locality: Brazil, Estado Roraima, Boa Vista, Rio Branco; CMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:81 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

encrypta Flint, 1971c:35 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Negro, Ponta Negra; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:81 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

falcata Camargos, Barcelos-Silva and Pes in Barcelos-Silva et al., 2013:120 [Type locality: Brazil, Goiás, Niquelândia, Fazenda Horto Aranha, Anglo American/Codemin, 14°24'8.28"S, 48°43'40.19"W; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:81 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

fallaciosa Flint, 1983a:30 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Arroyo Coatí, 15 km E San José; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1994:137 [distribution]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:15 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Uruguay.

filiformis Flint, 1971c:39 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Branquinho, Lager Tapirí; NMNH; ♂; as Cernotino filiformiss on p. 39, a printers error]. —Flint, 1974c:48 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:81 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

flexuosa Santos and Nessimian, 2008:31 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Preto da Eva municipality, tributary to Rio Preto da Eva, 02°41'28.7"S, 59°42'01.3"W; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:81 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

harrisi Sykora, 1998:96 [Type locality: Peru, Departemento Loreto, bank of Río Yanomono just belwo Explorama Lodge; CMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

hastilis Flint, 1996a:75 [Type locality: Tobago, Bridge B1/5, 6.5 km N Roxborough, 11°17'N, 60°35'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:95 [checklist].

Distribution. Tobago.

intersecta Flint, 1974c:48 [Type locality: Suriname, Wilhelmina Mountains, trail I km 8, small stony creek; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

lanceolata Barcelos-Silva, Camargos and Pes in Barcelos-Silva et al., 2013:122 [Type locality: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Linhares, Praia do Minotauro, 19°19'05.8"S, 40°05'11.9"W; CZNC; ♂]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1279 [as Cernotina sp. 3]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:81 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

laticula Ross, 1951b:348 [Type locality: Mexico, Campeche, Salto Grande; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:198 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

lazzarii Holzenthal and Almeida, 2003:24 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, município de Corbélia, Rio Novo headwaters, 24°53.886'S, 53°14.895'W, el. 700 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:81 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

lobisomem Santos and Nessimian, 2008:27 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, tributary to Igarapé do Lobisomem, basin of Rio Cuieiras, 2°33'46.4"S, 60°19'03.4"W; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:82 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

longispina Barcelos-Silva, Camargos and Pes in Barcelos-Silva et al., 2013:124 [Type locality: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Pinheiros, stream Água Limpa, 18°22'04.1"S, 40°08'23.8"W; CZNC; ♂]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1279 [as Cernotina sp. 1]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:82 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

longissima Flint, 1974c:46 [Type locality: Suriname, Brownsberg, mountain creek near Golddiggers camp; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

lutea Flint, 1968b:19 [Type locality: Dominica, Pont Casse, 1.3 miles E; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:51 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:95 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:51 [probable distribution].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique.

mandeba Flint, 1974c:45 [Type locality: Suriname, Nickerie River, Blanche Marie, falls in creek; RNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo, 1993:31 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:74 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:95 [checklist].

Distribution. Suriname, Tobago, Trinidad.

mastelleri Flint, 1992c:382 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, El Verde Field Station, Quebrada Prieta; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:95 [checklist].

—Subfamily Polycentropodinae species Flint, 1964a:34 [larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1992c:382 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

medioloba Flint, 1972b:231 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Santa Fe, Arroyo Saladillo, near Santa Fé; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

nigridentata Sykora, 1998:96 [Type locality: Peru, Departmento Loreto, banks of Yanomono Creek just below Explorama Lodge; CMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

obliqua Flint, 1971c:40 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Branquinho, bei der Mündung des Rio Cuieiras; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:82 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

odonta Santos and Nessimian, 2008:26 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, tributary to Igarapé do Lobisomem, basin of Rio Cuieiras, 2°33'46.4"S, 60°19'03.4"W; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:82 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

pallida Banks, 1904c:214 [Type locality: [U.S.A.], Washington, D.C.; Banks collection; as Cyrnus pallidus]. —Maes, 1999:1188 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist].

Distribution. Nicaragua, U.S.A.

perpendicularis Flint, 1971c:40 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Negro, etwa 20-30 km. oberhalb von A-31 [A-31=80 km above Manaus]. NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974c:49 [♂; distribution]. —Angrisano, 1994:137 [distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:16 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:82 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Suriname, Uruguay.

pesae Santos and Nessimian, 2008:28 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, tributary to Igarapé Cachoeira, basin of Rio Cuieiras, 02°41'45.4"S 60°17'42.7"W; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:82 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

† pulchra Wichard, 2007a:32 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; SMNS; ♂; in amber].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

puri Dumas and Nessimian, 2011:32 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia (Penedo, tributary of Rio Palmital, 22°25'40.0"S, 44°32'46.0"W, el. 584 m; DZRJ; ♂; ♀]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:23 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:82 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

riosanjuanensis Chamorro-Lacayo, 2003:485 [Type locality: Nicaragua, Río San Juan, Refugio Bartola, small creek, 300 m NW of station, 10°58'N, 84°21'W, el. 35 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist].

Distribution. Nicaragua.

sexspinosa Flint, 1983a:32 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia (27°11'S, 52°23'W); NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1994:137 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:82 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Uruguay.

sinosa Ross, 1951b:346 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Salto de Agua; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:198 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

sinuosa Barcelos-Silva, Camargos and Pes in Barcelos-Silva et al., 2013:124 [Type locality: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Fundão, Hotel Fazenda Lua Nova; 19°56'02.0"S, 40°24'45.0"W; CZNC; ♂]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1279 [as Cernotina sp. 2]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:83 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

spinigera Flint, 1971c:38 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Pará], Tapajós, dicht unterhalb des Zusammenflusses von Rio Juruena mit Rio São Manuel; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1994:137 [distribution]. —Sykora, 1998:102 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2013:124 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:83 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Uruguay.

spinosior Flint, 1992d:65 [Type locality: Venezuela, Bolivar State, Rio Cuyuni, El Dorado; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:83 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Venezuela.

stannardi Ross, 1951b:343 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Ocosingo Valley, along Rio Santa Cruz, Finca el Real; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:198 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

subapicalis Flint, 1971c:35 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Marauiá, Endstation vor larger Cachoeira; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974c:43 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:83 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

taeniata Ross, 1951b:344 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Huehuetan; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:198 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:58 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1188 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua.

trispina Flint, 1971c:38 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Marauiá, Cachoeira, Rio Iripirapí; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:83 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

uara Flint, 1971c:36 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Marauiá, eine Tagesreise oberhalb A-490 [A-490: 2 days journey above Mission S. Antônio]; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974c:43 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:83 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Suriname.

uncifera Ross, 1951b:348 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Huehuetan; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:198 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:536 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:360 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama.

unguiculata Flint, 1971c:41 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Pará], Gebäude der Mission Cururú; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:83 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

verna Flint, 1983a:30 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Entre Ríos, Arroyo P. Verne, 4 km N Villa San José; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1994:137 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Uruguay.

verticalis Flint, 1971c:39 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Gebeit Endstation Rio Marauiá, Bergbach II; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:15 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:83 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

zanclana Ross, 1951b:344 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Rancho Monter; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:198 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 2010:30 [♂].

Distribution. Belize, Mexico.

Genus Cyrnellus Banks [10]

Cyrnellus Banks, 1913b:88 [Type species: Cyrnellus minimus Banks 1913b, original designation]. —Flint, 1971c:28 [key, Amazonian species].

Like Cernotina, Cyrnellus is distributed widely across North, Central, and South America, but it is lacking in the Antilles. One species, Cyrnellus fraternus (Banks), is known from the northern United States to Argentina making it one of the most widely distributed New World caddisflies.

The larvae of Cyrnellus fraternus were described by Flint (1964b) and Wiggins (1996), among others. They construct a silken shelter, open at both ends and covered with fine debris, that is attached to large wood or rock substrate in either lakes or large rivers. Larval gut contents were found to be fine organic particles, rarely with arthropod parts (Wiggins 1996).

arotron Flint, 1971c:32 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Pará], Rio Tocantins im hause des Ingenieurs von Rio Impex; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1982c:19 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1994:138 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:18 [♂; distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:8 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:84 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

bifidus Flint, 1971c:32 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Paraná do Careiro, Divininopolis; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1982c:20 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2010:9 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:84 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

collaris Flint, 1971c:31 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Solimões, bei Mission S. Rita; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1994:139 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:391 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:18 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:84 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Uruguay.

fraternus (Banks), 1905:17 [Type locality: United States, Maryland, Plummer’s Island; MCZ; ♀; in Cyrnus]. —Flint, 1964b:469 [to Cyrnellus; larva; biology]. —Flint, 1971c:29 [♂; synonymy; distribution]. —Flint, 1974c:40 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:198 [distribution]. —Flint, 1982c:21 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:59 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:3 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:536 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1994:138 [distribution]. —Johnson et al., 1998:641 [biology]. —Maes, 1999:1188 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:76 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Bowles et al., 2007:23 [distribution; biology]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:360 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:9 [distribution]. —Stocks, 2010:165 [wing coupling structure and function]. —Djernaes, 2011:45 [♂; ♀]. —Flint, 2011:106 [checklist]. —Nogueira and Cabette, 2011:352 [distribution]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1279 [distribution]. —Manzo et al., 2014:166 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:84 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

—minimus Banks, 1913b:88 [Type locality: Brazil Camp 41, 360 Kilometers from Porto Velho, Brazil; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:5 [♂; lectotype]. —Flint, 1971c:29 [to synonymy].

—marginalis (Banks), 1930:231 [Type locality: United States, Ohio, Put-in Bay; MCZ; [♂; in Nyctiophylax]. —Ross, 1938a:12 [[♂; lectotype]. —Flint, 1964b:469 [to synonymy].

—zernyi Mosely, 1934b:142 [Type locality: Brazil, Unt. Amazon, Taperinha b. Santarem; NMW; [♂]. —Ross, 1938a:13 [as synonym of marginalis].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, Uruguay, U.S.A., Venezuela.

mammillatus Flint, 1971c:30 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Lago des Rio Luna am oberen Teil; NMNH; [♂]. —Flint, 1982c:21 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1994:138 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:391 [distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:76 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:18 [♂; distribution]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2010:9 [distribution]. —Souza et al., 2013a:9 [distribution; as mammilatus]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:84 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay.

misionensis Flint, 1983a:33 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Arroyo Piray Mini, Rt. 17 W Dos Hermanas; NMNH; [♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

rianus Flint, 1983a:33 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Entre Ros, Arroyo P. Verne, 4 km N Villa San José; NMNH; [♂]. —Angrisano, 1994:138 [distribution]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:18 [♂; distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Uruguay.

risi (Ulmer), 1907a:40 [Type locality: Buenos Aires; ZSZMH; [♂; in Cyrnus]. —Banks, 1913b:88 [to Cyrnellus.]. —Flint, 1971c:31 [[♂; lectotype; distribution]. —Flint, 1974c:41 [♂; distribution]. —Flint, 1982c:22 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1994:138 [distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Cohen, 2004:76 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:18 [♂; distribution]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1279 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:84 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Suriname, Uruguay.

ulmeri Flint, 1971c:32 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Pará], Rio Tocantins im hause des Ingenieurs von Rio Impex; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1982c:22 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996b:391 [distribution]. —Angrisano, 1994:138 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:19 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:85 [checklist]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Uruguay.

zapateriensis Chamorro-Lacayo, 2003:485 [Type locality: Nicaragua, Granada, Isla Zapatera, El Bambú, Frente a Lago de Nicaragua, 11°45.829'N, 85°51.991'W, el. 42 m; UMSP; ♂]. — Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist].

Distribution. Nicaragua.

Genus Nyctiophylax Brauer [4]

Nyctiophylax Brauer, 1865:419 [Type species: Nyctiophylax sinensis Brauer, 1865, original designation]. —Neboiss, 1993:107 [redefinition].

This is a rather heterogenous assemblage of species occuring in most regions of the World, but it is unlikely that these are all congeneric, considering the great differences in genitalic morphology seen among the species. In fact, the monophyly of the genus was not supported in a recent phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters (Chamorro and Holzenthal 2011). However, lacking a world revision, the Neotropical species were retained in Nyctiophylax.

The larvae of several North American species have been described (Flint 1964b, Wiggins 1996). Their retreats are similar to those of Cyrnellus, a silken shelter, open at both ends and covered with fine debris. It is attached to a large rock, usually in slower flowing reaches in larger streams and rivers. As typical for the family, larvae are mostly carnivorous (Wiggins 1996).

elongatus Flint, 1974c:39 [Type locality: Suriname, Brownsberg, mountain creek near Goldiggers Camp; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

muhnianus Navás, 1920c:18 [Type locality: R. Argentina, Santa Fe; collection Navás, now lost?; ♀; quite probably a Cyrnellus]. —Navás, 1929b:225 [as Nyctiophylax argentinus, undoubtedly a lapsus for muhnianus].

Distribution. Argentina.

neotropicalis Flint, 1971c:28 [Type locality: Colombia, Cundinamarca, Rio Sumapaz Gorge, east of Melgar; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974c:39 [♂; distribution]. —Angrisano, 1994:135 [distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:360 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:9 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:23 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1279 [distribution]. —Souza et al., 2013a:9 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:85 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Suriname, Uruguay.

tacuarembo Angrisano, 1994:135 [Type locality: Uruguay, Depto. Treinta y Tres, Quebrada de los Cuervos, orilla Yerbal Chico; FHCU; ♂; wings].

Distribution. Uruguay.

Genus Polycentropus Curtis [105]

Polycentropus Curtis, 1835:pl. 544 and text [Type species: Polycentropus irroratus Curtis, 1835, original designation]. —Flint, 1976:233 [systematics of the nigriceps group]. —Flint, 1981b:148 [systematics of the insularis and gertschi groups]. —Hamilton, 1987:145 [insularis group phylogeny]. —Hamilton, 1988:153 [groups of Neotropical species and systematics of nigriceps group]. —Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:1 [review of Brazilian species].

Placocentropus Schmid, 1955a:131 [Type species: Placocentropus obtusus Schmid, 1955a, original designation]. — Schmid, 1964:319 [to synonymy].

Until recently, North American and European workers classified this cosmopolitan genus differently. Chamorro and Holzenthal (2011) rectifed the situation by placing several Nearctic species in Holocentropus and Plectrocnemia, genera long recognized in Europe, but included within a broad definition of Polycentropus by Ross (1944). However, the generic limits of Polycentropus are still not well circumscribed and the genus is not monophyletic (Chamorro and Holzenthal 2011, Johanson et al. 2012). For the time being, the Neotropical species are retained in Polycentropus.

The larvae of many species from Europe, North America and the West Indies have been described (Flint 1964a, Lepneva 1970, Wiggins 1996). The immature stages inhabit a variety of aquatic sites, but mostly slowly flowing backwaters, bottoms of pools in streams, or in lentic habitats. They construct a variety of nets and retreats, most of which collapse into an unrecognizable tangle of silk upon removal from water. The larvae are reported to be strongly predaceous eating chironomids, stoneflies, microcrustacea, and terrestrial litter mites that fall into the water (Townsend and Hildrew 1978). However, Gil et al. (2006) found that gut contents of Polycentropus joergenseni in Argentina also included unicellular algae and amorphous matter leading then to conclude that this species also engaged in filtering.

acanthogaster Flint, 1981b:157 [Type locality: Panama, Prov. Chiriqui, Fortuna; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:536 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

acinaciformis Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:40 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serra do Cipó, Capão da Mata, 19°19.347'S, 43°32.249'W, el. 1170 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:85 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

aguyje Angrisano and Sganga, 2009:272 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones Province, Salto Encantado Provincial Park; MACN; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

alatus Flint, 1981b:160 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Chiapas, Colon, Lagartero, 30 km. northeast of Ciudad Cuauhtemoc; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

aliciae Barba-Álvarez and Bueno-Soria, 2005:663 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Río Jamapa, 5 krn NE Coscomatepec; CNIN; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

altmani Yamamoto, 1967:130 [Type locality: Panama, Fort Kobbe, Canal Zone; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1981a:15 [♂; distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:3 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:59 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:536 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996a:73 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1188 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:95 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

—macrostylus (Flint), 1967b:8 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Golfito; NMNH; ♂; in Polyplectropus]. —Flint, 1981a:15 [distribution; to synonymy]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela.

amphirhamphus Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:44 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, municipal water supply, el. 950 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:85 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

ancistrus Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:12 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Res. Casa Grande, Rib[eirão] Coruja; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:85 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

ariensis Denning and Sykora, 1966:1220 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Chilapa; CAS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:199 [distribution]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

arizonensis Banks, 1905:16 [Type locality: United States, Arizona, Huachuca Mountains; MCZ; ♂]. —Ross, 1938a:13 [♂; lectotype]. —Flint, 1967d:166 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:199 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:334 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:303 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:187 [phenology, distribution]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:5 [♀].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

aspinosus Schmid, 1964:320 [Type locality: Chile (Arauco) Caramavida; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [distribution; as espinosa].

Distribution. Chile.

aztecus Flint, 1967b:9 [Type locality: Mexico, (Michoacan), Insurgente Morelos National Park, east of Morelia; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1967d:167 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:199 [distribution]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:334 [biology; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:5 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

azulus Flint, 1981b:151 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Chiapas, Agua Azul; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

bartolus Denning, 1962b:407 [Type locality: Mexico, Baja California, 1.5 miles NW of San Bartolo; CAS; ♂]. —Denning, 1964:133 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:199 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

bellus Flint, 1981b:155 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Chiapas, Santa Elena, Rio Santo Domingo, 39 km. east of Lagunas Montebello; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

biappendiculatus Flint, 1974c:36 [Type locality: Suriname, Tafelberg Expedition, Kappelsavanne; RNH; ♂]. —Hamilton, 1988:177 [distribution].

Distribution. Suriname, Venezuela.

bonus Flint, 1981b:157 [Type locality: Belize, Cayo Dist., Río Privassion, Blancaneaux Lodge; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Belize, Mexico.

boraceia Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:4 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Estação Biológica Boracéia, Riberão Coruja; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:85 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

brevicornutus Vilarino and Calor, 2015c:114 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Elísio Medrado, Reserva Jequitibá, GAMBA, Córrego Caranguejo, 12°52'12.7’’S, 39°28'32.4’’W, el. 519 m; MZUSP; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

caaete Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:28 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Parque Ecológica Spitzkopf, Rio Caeté above 1st falls, 27°00.35'S, 49°06.70'W, el. 170 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

cachoeira Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:46 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Urubici, Cachoeira Avencal, 28°02.839'S, 49°36.997'W, el. 1260 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

carioca Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:14 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Rio Beija-flor, 22°27.063'S, 43°00.065'W, el. 1125 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

carolae Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:26 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, km 54, 26 km E Nova Friburgo, el. 410 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

casicus Denning, Denning and Sykora, 1966:1222 [Type locality: Mexico, Twenty-four miles west of La Ciudad, Durango; CAS; ♂]. —Flint, 1967d:167 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:199 [distribution]. —Rojas-Ascencio, et al., 2002:377 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

ceciliae Flint, 1991:35 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Honda, 12 km SW of Fredonia; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:280 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

cheliceratus Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:22 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, km 17, 18 km S of Teresópolis, el. 1180 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

chilensis Yamamoto, 1966:911 [Type locality: Chile, Valdivia, 8 miles east of Rio Bueno-Soria; CAS; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

cipoensis Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:36 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serra do Cipó, caminho da usina; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

clarus Flint, 1981b:159 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Veracruz, Arroyo Claro, Sierra Sta. Marta, Los Tuxtlas; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

connatus Flint, 1981a:15 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Rancho Grande; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

costaricensis Flint, 1967b:8 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Mount Poas; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:59 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Hamilton, 1988:342 [status; distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

cressae Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2005:3 [Type locality: Venezuela, Falcón, P[arque] N[acional] Sierra de San Luis, Río Negro, 11°11.750'N, 69°41.454'W, el. 1371 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

criollo Botosaneanu, 1980:101 [Type locality: Cuba, Prov. Oriente, Pinares de Mayari; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:46 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution]. —Hamilton, 1988:167 [♂; distribution; phylogeny]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:95 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

cuspidatus Flint, 1981b:149 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Pastaza, 16 kms. west of Puyo; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996b:391 [distribution].

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru.

dentoides Yamamoto, 1967:132 [Type locality: Panama, Goofy Lake, Canal Zone; INHS; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:59 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:536 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

dianae Barba-Álvarez and Bueno-Soria, 2005:666 [Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo León, Mpio. Zaragoza, El Salto; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

digitus Yamamoto, 1967:131 [Type locality: Panama, Cerro Punta; INHS; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:59 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Hamilton, 1988:342 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:536 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

domingensis Banks, 1941:399 [Type locality: Santo Domingo [Dominican Republic], Loma Rucilla; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:6 [♂; lectotype]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Flint, 1976:237 [♂; distribution]. —Hamilton, 1988:175 [♂; distribution; phylogeny]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:43 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:95 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:54 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:302 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

doronca Denning and Sykora, 1966:1220 [Type locality: Mexico, Almilinta; CAS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:199 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

encera Denning and Sykora, in Denning, 1971:205 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, El Encero; CAS; ♂; ♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:199 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

exsertus Flint, 1981b:155 [Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Pastaza, 16 kms. west of Puyo; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

fasthi Holzenthal and Hamilton, 1988:332 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja, Río Negro, 10.765°N, 85.313°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

fluminensis Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:16 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, km 17, 18 km S of Teresópolis, el. 1180 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:23 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1279 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

fortispinus Holzenthal and Hamilton, 1988:335 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja, Río Negro, 10.765°N, 85.313°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Maes, 1999:1188 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:46 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua.

fortunus Flint, 1981b:155 [Type locality: Panama, Prov. Chiriqui, Fortuna; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:59 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Hamilton, 1988:342 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:536 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

froehlichi Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:10 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Morro da Igreja, Cachoeira Veu da Noiva, 28°04.595'S, 49°31.090'W, el. 1300 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:86 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

galharada Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:6 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Estação Biológica Boracéia, Rio Galharada, 22°41.662'S, 45°27.783'W, el. 1530 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

garfio Chamorro-Lacayo, 2003:488 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Agrio, ca. 3.5 km NE Bajos del Toro, 10.243°N, 84.279°W, el. 1290 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

gertschi Denning, 1950:100 [Type locality: [United States], Arizona, Oak Creek Canyon; AMNH; ♂]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:334 [biology]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:303 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:187 [phenology, distribution]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:5 [♀].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

giovannae Barba-Álvarez and Bueno-Soria, 2005:668 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, route 175, La Esperanza, ca Valle Nacional; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

graciosa Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:12 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Rio Cascata, Graciosa, road to Morretes, 25°20.214'S, 48°53.971'W, el. 750 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

guatemalensis Flint, 1967b:9 [Type locality: Guatemala, (Suchitepequez), Finca Mocá; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:199 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:3 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1189 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:47 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua.

halidus Milne, 1936:86 [Type locality: United States, N. Mex., Hot Spngs; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967d:167 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:199 [distribution]. —Baumgardner and Bowles, 2005:11 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2007:33 [distribution]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:305 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:187 [phenology, distribution]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:5 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

hamiferus Flint, 1981b:153 [Type locality: El Salvador, Dept. Santa Ana, north of Metapan, Cerro Miramundo; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. El Salvador.

hamiltoni Chamorro-Lacayo, 2003:488 [Type locality: Nicaragua, Jinotega, Cerro Mazu, l4°33'N, 85°07'W, el. 220 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:47 [checklist].

Distribution. Nicaragua.

holzenthali Bueno-Soria and Hamilton, 1986:300 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Tributario del Río Teapa situado en el carretera 195 a 3 km al N. de Ixhuatán; NMNH; ♂]. —Maes, 1999:1189 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:47 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Nicaragua, Mexico.

ibarrai Barba-Álvarez and Bueno-Soria, 2005:666 [Type locality: Mexico, Hidalgo, Hixtlahuaco, Hotel Campestre Conchita, 20°53.025'N, 98°42.140'W, el. 1400 m; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

insularis Banks, 1938:302 [Type locality: Grenada, Grand Etang; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:6 [♂; lectotype]. —Flint, 1968b:24 [♂; ♀; larva; distribution; biology]. —Hamilton, 1988:179 [♂; distribution; phylogeny]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:53 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:51 [distribution].

Distribution. Dominica, Grenada, Martinique.

inusitatus Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:48 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Brejo da Lapa, Itatiaia; NMNH; ♂]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:23 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

itatiaia Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:30 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, trib. to Rio Taquaral, 22°26.688'S, 44°36.464'W, el. 1320 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:24 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

jamaicensis Flint, 1968a:25 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Hope River near Newcastle at mile post 16.5; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; biology]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Hamilton, 1988:171 [♂; distribution; phylogeny]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [checklist].

Distribution. Jamaica.

jeldesi Flint, 1976:237 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Convento, 12 km south of Constanza; NMNH; ♂]. —Hamilton, 1988:173 [♂; distribution; phylogeny]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:43 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:54 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:302 [checklist].

—species 2 Flint, 1976:239 [Locality: Dominican Republic, Convento, 12 km south of Constanza; NMNH; as possible ♀ of jeldesi]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:54 [to synonymy].

—“sp. A” Botosaneanu, 1996:15 [♀]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:54 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

joergenseni Ulmer, 1909b:75 [Type locality: Argentina, Mendoza, Pedregal; ZSZMH; ♂; as Jörgenseni]. —Weidner, 1964:91 [lectotype]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:480 [distribution; synonymy]. —Flint, 1996b:391 [distribution]. —Mangeaud, 1996:154 [distribution]. —Valverde, 1996:65 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; biology]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:281 [checklist]. —Cohen, 2004:76 [distribution]. —Gil et al., 2006:207 [biology]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution].

—colombiensis Banks, 1910:160 [Type locality: Cañon del Monte Tolima, Colombia; MCZ; ♀]. —Flint, 1967c:160 [♀]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:480 [to synonymy].

—anomalus Navás, 1923a:201 [Type locality: Republica Argentina, Cordoba, Alta Gracia; MACN; ♂]. —Flint and Reyes, 1991:481 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela.

lingulatus Flint, 1981b:151 [Type locality: Panama, Prov. Chiriqui, Fortuna; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:536 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

longispinosus Schmid, 1958b:199 [Type locality: Bolivie, (Cochab.), Incachaca; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Bolivia.

marcanoi Flint, 1976:238 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Dajabon Prov., 13 km south of Loma de Cabrere; NMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Hamilton, 1988:171 [♂; distribution; phylogeny]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:43 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:54 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:302 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

mathisi Hamilton, 1986:731 [Type locality: Cuba, Pinar del Rio Prov., Soroa; NMNH; ♂]. —Hamilton, 1988:170 [♂; distribution; phylogeny]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

mayanus Flint, 1981b:151 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Chiapas, Río Chacamax, Palenque; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:59 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Hamilton, 1988:343 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1189 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:47 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua.

meridiensis Flint, 1981b:153 [Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. Merida, 4 km. south of Santo Domingo; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela

mexicanus (Banks), 1901:369 [Type locality: Mexico, D. F., Tacubaya; MCZ; ♂; as Hydropsyche mexicana]. —Flint, 1967c:6 [♂; to Polycentropus]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:199 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

minero Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:24 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipo, Rio Capivara; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

mixteco Barba-Álvarez and Bueno-Soria, 2005:665 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, La Esperanza, route 175, ca. Valle Nacional; CNIN; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

neblinensis Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2005:5 [Type locality: Venezuela, Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, Camp II, 00°49'N, 65°59'W, el. 2100 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

nebulosus Holzenthal and Hamilton, 1988:336 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Río Bellavista, ca. 1.5 km NW Las Alturas, 8.951°N, 82.846°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

nigriceps Banks, 1938:301 [Type locality: Cuba, Soledad near Cienfuegos; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:6 [♂; lectotype]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Flint, 1976:235 [♂; distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:46 [distribution]. —Kumanski, 1987:11 [distribution]. —Hamilton, 1988:168 [♂; distribution; phylogeny]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

—rosarius Kingsolver, 1964:257 [Type locality: Cuba, Pinar del Rio Province, Rancho Mundito, Sierra del Rosario; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1976:235 [to synonymy].

—species 1 Flint, 1976:239 [Locality: Cuba, Pinar del Rio, S. Cajalbana; INHS; as probable ♀ of nigriceps].

Distribution. Cuba.

obtusus (Schmid), 1955a:133 [Type locality: Chile (Prov. de Talca), Tonlemo; NMNH; ♂; in Placocentropus]. —Schmid, 1964:319 [♂; to Polycentropus]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

palmitus Flint, 1967d:167 [Type locality: Mexico, (Sinaloa), 8 miles west of El Palmito; CNC; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:199 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

paprockii Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:49 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parque Estadual do Rio Preto, Rio Preto, 18°06.993'S, 43°20.373'W, el. 650 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

pedernales Flint and Sykora, 2004:54 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Pedernales Province, along Rio Mulito, 13 km N Pedemales, 18°09'N, 71°46'W, el. 230 m; CMNH; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [checklist; as unpublished species]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:302 [checklist].

—sp. B Botosaneanu, 1996:15 [♀]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:54 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

phraterus Chamorro-Lacayo, 2003:491 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela: Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tributaries, 10.216°N, 84.606°W, el. 980 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

picana Ross, 1947:136 [Type locality: Mexico, Tamaulipas, Hacienda Santa Engracia; INHS; ♂]. —Flint, 1967d:167 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:199 [distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:23 [distribution; biology].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

quadriappendiculatus Schmid, 1964:321 [Type locality: Chile (Aysen) Puerto Cisnes; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

quadricuspidis Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2005:7 [Type locality: Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchipe, 30 km E Loja, el. 2000 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Ecuador.

quadrispinosus Schmid, 1964:321 [Type locality: Chile (Malleco) Thermas de Tolhuaca; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

rosalysae Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:42 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, Rio Galharada, 22°41.662'S, 45°27.783'W, el. 1530 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:24 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:87 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

santateresae Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:32 [Type locality: Brazil, Espírito Santo, 15 km SE Santa Teresa, Fazenda Santa Clara, el. 460 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1279 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:88 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

sarandi Angrisano, 1994:132 [Type locality: Uruguay, Depto. Cerro Largo, Sarandí del Quebracho; FHCU; ♂; wings].

Distribution. Uruguay.

silex Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2005:9 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pichincha, ca. 84 km SW Quito, Chiriboga Rd., el. 1400 m; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Ecuador.

soniae Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:20 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Rio Mãe Catira, 10 km N Porto de Cima, 25°21.821'S, 48°52.473'W, el. 200 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:88 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

spicatus Yamamoto, 1967:131 [Type locality: Panama, Cerro Punta; INHS; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:60 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Hamilton, 1988:343 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:536 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

surinamensis Flint, 1974c:37 [Type locality: Suriname, Nassau Mountains, km 11.2; RNH; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

tripui Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:18 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Estação Ecológica de Tripuí, Córrego Tiririca, 20°23.009'S, 43°33.237'W; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:88 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

tuberculatus Flint, 1983a:26 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Maule, Alto Tregualemu, ~20 km SE Chovelln; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Chile.

turquino Botosaneanu, 1980:102 [Type locality: Cuba, Prov. Oriente, Pico Cuba, Massif Turquino, Sierra Maestra; ZMUA; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:46 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution]. —Hamilton, 1988:174 [♂; distribution; phylogeny]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist]. —López del Castillo et al., 2007:171 [distribution; seasonal abundance].

Distribution. Cuba.

unispinus Flint, 1991:35 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada Espadera, 7 km E Medellín, road to Santa Elena; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:281 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

urubici Holzenthal and Almeida, 2003:26 [Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Telêmaco Borba, Reserva Samuel Klabin, 24°17'S, 50°37'W, el. 750 m; UFPR; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2010:9 [distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:24 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:88 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

valdiviensis Flint, 1983a:25 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Valdivia, S. Valdivia; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Chile.

vanderpooli Flint, 1976:237 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Convento, 12 km south of Constanza; NMNH; ♂]. —Hamilton, 1988:176 [♂; distribution; phylogeny]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:15 [distribution]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:43 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:55 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:302 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

veracruzensis Flint, 1981b:151 [Type locality: Mexico, Edo. Veracruz, near Huatusco; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

verruculus Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:38 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Guanhães, downstream from Salto Grande dam, 19°06.289'S, 42°42.635'W; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:88 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

virginiae Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2011:34 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Córrego da Serra de Ouro Fino, Vale do Tropeiro, 20°12.371'S, 43°38.581'W, el. 1000 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:88 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

volcanus Holzenthal and Hamilton, 1988:338 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, Parque Nacional Braulio Carillo, 6.2 km NE administration building, 10.09°N, 83.97°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

zanclus Flint, 1981b:155 [Type locality: Guatemala, Dept. El Quiche, 7.3 km. south of Chichicastenago; NMNH; ♂].]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:47 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Nicaragua.

zaneta Denning, 1947a:660 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Luquillo; CAS; ♂; ♀]. —Flint, 1964a:32 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; distribution; biology]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Hamilton, 1988:169 [♂; distribution; phylogeny]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [checklist].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

zurqui Holzenthal and Hamilton, 1988:340 [Type locality: Costa Rica, San José, Parque Nacional Braulio Carillo, park headquarters [Estación Zurquí], 10.059°N, 84.01°W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

Genus Polyplectropus Ulmer [96]

Polyplectropus Ulmer, 1905a:103 [Type species: Polyplectropus flavicornis Ulmer, 1905a, by monotypy]. —Flint, 1968b:20 [systematics of the genus]. —Bueno-Soria, 1990:357 [revision of Mexican and Central American species]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:44 [revision of New World species; phylogeny].

Ecnomodes Ulmer, 1911:17 [Type species: Ecnomodes buchwaldi Ulmer, 1911, by monotypy, preoccupied]. —Flint, 1968b:21 [to synonymy].

Cordillopsyche Banks, 1913a:238 [Type species: Cordillopsyche costalis Banks, 1913a, by monotypy]. —Flint, 1967c:6 [to synonymy].

Ecnomodellina Ulmer, 1962:5 [Type species: Ecnomodes buchwaldi Ulmer, 1911, replacement name for Ecnomodes]. —Flint, 1968b:21 [to synonymy].

As currently defined, this genus has representatives in Africa, the Orient, and as far south as New Zealand as well as the American tropics. Chamorro and Holzenthal (2010) reviewed the New World species and proposed a new classification, recognizing 10 species groups. The distribution of New World species is largely Neotropical, with most restricted to the Mexican and Brazilian subregions (Chamorro and Holzenthal 2010). In a phylogenetic assessment of the genera of Polycentropodidae, Polyplectropus was not recovered as globally monophyletic, although the New World species did form a monophyletic clade within the family (Chamorro and Holzenthal 2011).

The larvae of a species, probably Polyplectropus charlesi (described as Genus C, Flint 1964b), was the first described in the genus, and subsequently the larva of the Lesser Antillean Polyplectropus bredini was made known (Flint 1968b). The silken shelters, open at both ends, are attached to rocks under water. The larvae are predators (Flint 1964b, Wiggins 1996).

adamsae Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:77 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Manú [Biosphere Reserve], Pakitza Bio[logical] Sta[tion], Quebrada Trompetero, 11°56'39"S, 71°16'59"W, el. 350 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

alatespinus Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:52 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Córrego dos Macacos, 21°42'33"S, 44°53'36"W, el. 1360 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:24 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:88 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

alienus Bueno-Soria, 1990:373 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Ocosingo, Finca El Real, Río Santa Cruz; INHS; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:47 [diagnosis; ♂; ♀; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Bolivia, Mexico.

alleni (Yamamoto), 1967:127 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puerto Viejo; INHS; ♂; in Polycentropus]. —Flint, 1968b:21 [to Polyplectropus]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:60 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 1990:394 [♂; distribution]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:146 [diagnosis; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:89 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Costa Rica.

amazonicus Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:54 [Type locality: Venezuela, Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, Camp III, 00°56'10"N, 66°03'53"W, el. 1820 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

anchorus Vilarino and Calor, 2015c:116 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Varzedo, Fazenda Baixa Grande, Riacho Cai Camarão, 12°57'38.7"S, 39°26'54.2"W, el. 254 m; MZUSP; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

andinensis Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:148 [Type locality: Bolivia, Chuquis[aca], Monteagudo, el. 1300 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia.

annulicornis Ulmer, 1905b:91 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio Gr.[Grande] do Sul; NMW; ♀]. —Flint, 1966a:4 [lectotype; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:56 [diagnosis; ♂; ♀; distribution]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:24 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:89 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

auriplicatus Vilarino and Calor, 2015c:119 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Teresinha, Pedra Branca, Córrego das torres, 12°51'00.3"S, 39°28'46.8"W, el. 754 m; MZUSP; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

banksianus Flint, 1971c:27 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Manaus; MCZ; ♂]. —Banks, 1913b:88 [as Ecnomodes buchwaldi, misidentification]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:149 [diagnosis; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:89 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

beccus Hamilton and Holzenthal, 2005:11 [Type locality: Venezuela, T. F. Amazonas [=Estado Amazonas], Puerto Ayacucho (40 km S), El Tobogan, Caño Coromoto; NMNH; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:224 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

beutelspacheri Bueno-Soria, 1990:378 [Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Zihuaquio, km 95, Carretera 94, Coyuca-Zihuatanejo; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:226 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

blahniki Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:193 [Type locality: Venezuela, Falcón, P. N. Cueva de la Quebrada del Toro, 10°49'35"N, 69°07'59"W, el. 530 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:193 [misidentification of recurvatus (Yamamoto) in Flint, 1981:16].

Distribution. Venezuela.

bolivianus Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:151 [Type locality: Bolivia, La Paz, Río Coroico, el. 1200 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Bolivia.

brachyscolus Flint, 1971c:27 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Marauiá, Endstation vor langer Cachoeira; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974c:33 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:153 [diagnosis; ♂; distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:89 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Suriname.

brasilensis Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:78 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, mun[icipal] water supply, el. 950 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:24 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:89 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

bravoae Bueno-Soria, 1990:396 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Río Tempisquito, ca. 3 km S de Ruta 1, 10.790°N, 89.552°W; NMNH; ♂]. —Maes, 1999:1189 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:47 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:154 [diagnosis; ♂; distribution].

Distribution. Belize, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua.

brborichorum Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:157 [Type locality: Ecuador, Past[aza], Est[ación] Fluv[ial] Métrica, Puyo (27 km N); NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Ecuador.

bredini Flint, 1968b:21 [Type locality: Dominica, Pont Casse, 1.3 miles east; NMNH; ♂; ♂; biology; larva]. —Malicky, 1983:264 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1988:219 [distribution]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:51 [distribution]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:80 [diagnosis; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia.

buchwaldi (Ulmer), 1911:18 [Type locality: Ecuador; ZSZMH; ♂; in Ecnomodes, abdomen lost]. —Ulmer, 1962:5 [to Ecnomodellina]. —Weidner, 1964:74 [♂; lectotype]. —Flint, 1968b:21 [to Polyplectropus]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:158 [nomen dubium].

Distribution. Ecuador.

canastra Rocha, Dumas, and Nessimian, 2016a:392 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Cachoeira Capão Forro (confluência dos rios do Peixe e Rolador), 20°15'10.0"S, 46°24'24.0"W, el. 936 m; DZRJ; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

carolae Bueno-Soria, 1990:364 [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, a 5 km de la Estación de Biologa Los Tuxtlas UNAM; NMNH; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:196 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

charlesi (Ross), 1941:74 [Type locality: United States, Texas, San Felipe Springs, Del Rio; INHS; ♂; in Polycentropus]. —Flint, 1968b:21 [to Polyplectropus]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:199 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 1990:379 [♂; distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1189 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution]. —Bowles et al., 2007:23 [distribution; biology]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:47 [checklist]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:5 [♀]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:113 [diagnosis; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, U.S.A.

clauseni Chamorro-Lacayo and Holzenthal, 2004:202 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Cerro Campana, Río Bochinche, tributary, 6 km (air) NW Dos Ríos, 10.945°N, 85.413°W, el. 600 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:80 [diagnosis; ♂; ♀; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

colombianus Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:85 [Type locality: Colombia, Meta, Quebrada Blanca, 3 km W. Restrepo, [4°15'00"N, 73°34'00"W]. NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Colombia.

corniculatus Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:87 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Manú [Biosphere Reserve], Pakitza Bio[logical] Sta[tion], Quebrada Paujil-Picoflor, 11°56'39"S, 71°16'59"W, el. 350 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

costalis (Banks), 1913a:238 [Type locality: Colombia, Tolima, Cañon del Norte; MCZ; ♀; in Cordillopsyche]. —Flint, 1967c:7 [to Polyplectropus; ♀]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:281 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:158 [diagnosis; ♀].

Distribution. Colombia.

cressae Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:198 [Type locality: Venezuela, Lara, Parque Nacional Terepaima, Quebrada San Antonio, 9°51'45"N, 69°13'06"W, el. 631 m; UMSP; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

cuzcoensis Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:200 [Type locality: Peru, Cuzco, Paucartambo to Pilcopata rd., river at Puente Unión, 13°04'13"S, 71°34'00"W, el. 1670 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

deltoides (Yamamoto), 1967:130 [Type locality: Panama, Cerro Punta; INHS; ♂; in Polycentropus]. —Flint, 1968b:21 [to Polyplectropus]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:60 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 1990:364 [♂; distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:536 [distribution]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:202 [diagnosis; ♂; ♀]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

denticulus Bueno-Soria, 1990:369 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Pacuare, Río General; NMNH; ♂]. —Maes, 1999:1189 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:47 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:204 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua.

dubitatus Flint, 1983a:28 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Río Iguazú, Camp Nañdu; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1994:134 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Angrisano and Sganga, 2007:19 [♂; ♀; distribution]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:160 [diagnosis; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:89 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

ecuadoriensis Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:162 [Type locality: Ecuador, Sucumbios, Lago Agrio (5km N), 00°05'20"N, 76°52'09"W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Bolivia, Ecuador.

elongatus (Yamamoto), 1966:909 [Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, Iguazu; IML; ♂; in Polycentropus]. —Flint, 1968b:21 [to Polyplectropus]. —Flint, 1972b:228 [distribution]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:164 [diagnosis; ♂; distribution; type at INHS]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:89 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

exilis Chamorro-Lacayo and Holzenthal, 2004:204 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Cartago, Reserva Tapanti, Quebrada Segunda at administration building, 9.761°N, 83.78°W, el. 1250 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:116 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

flavicornis Ulmer, 1905a:103 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catharina [sic]; PAN; ♂]. —Flint, 1966a:4 [lectotype; ♂; ♀]. —Angrisano, 1994:134 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:166 [diagnosis; ♂; taxonomic remarks]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:89 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Uruguay.

flintorum Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:89 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas [Estado Amazonas], Camp II, Cerro de la Neblina, 00°50'00"N, 065°59'00"W, el. 2100 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

fuscatus Flint, 1983a:28 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Arroyo Piray Guazú, N San Pedro; NMNH; ♂]. —Angrisano, 1994:134 [distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:121 [diagnosis; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:90 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

gaesum Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:58 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serra do Cipó, trib[utary] to Rio Capivara, 19°14'24"S, 43°34'56"W, el. 1000 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:90 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

guyanae Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:127 [Type locality: Guyana, Dubulay Ranch, Aramatani Cr[eek], 6°33'00"N, 57°48'00"W; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Guyana, Venezuela.

hamatus Bueno-Soria, 1990:388 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Agua Azul, a 50 km SE de Palenque; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:168 [diagnosis; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Belize, Mexico.

hamulus Flint, 1972b:228 [Type locality: Argentina, Prov. Misiones, Puerto Rico; NMNH; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:170 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

herrerai Bueno-Soria and Hamilton, in Bueno-Soria, 1990:386 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Cascada de Misolja, a 20 km al SE de Palenque; IBUNAM; ♂; ♀]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:172 [diagnosis; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

hollyae Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:136 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Cachoeira do Abacaxi, Vale do Tropeiro, 20°12'16"S, 43°38'10"W, el. 1120 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:90 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

holzenthali Chamorro-Lacayo, 2003:497 [Type locality: Nicaragua, Jinotega, Cerro Kilambe, 13°34'N, 85°43'W, el. 1520 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Nicaragua.

hymenochilus Chamorro-Lacayo and Holzenthal, 2004:206 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, El Hacha, Quebrada Alcornoque, 11.009°N, 85.577°W, el. 250 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:91 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

hystricosus Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:60 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Rio Caparaó, Vale Verde, 20°25'02"S, 41°50'46"W, el. 1350 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:24 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:90 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

inarmatus Flint, 1971c:26 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Marauiá, Endstation vor langer Cachoeira; NMNH; ♂]. ­—Flint, 1974c:33 [♂; distribution]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:49 [diagnosis; ♂; distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:90 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname.

insularis Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:206 [Type locality: Panama, Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Snyder-Molino Trail, marker 3; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

juliae Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:138 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parque Estadual do Rio Preto, Rio Preto, 18°07'10"S, 43°20'28"W, el. 830 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:90 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

kanukarum Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:228 [Type locality: Guyana, [Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo], Kanuku M[oun]t[ain]s, Moco Moco River, [3°18'02"N, 59°38'54"W]. NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Guyana.

kingsolveri Bueno-Soria, 1990:375 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Palenque; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:92 [diagnosis; ♂; ♀]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Belize, Guatemala, Mexico.

kylistos Chamorro-Lacayo and Holzenthal, 2004:208 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación Pitilla, Río Orosí, 10.99l°N, 85.428°W, el. 700 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:118 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

laminatus (Yamamoto), 1966:909 [Type locality: Ecuador, El Oro, 9 miles South of Santa Rosa; INHS, not CAS; ♂; in Polycentropus]. —Flint, 1968b:21 [to Polyplectropus]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:3 [distribution]. —Flint, 1991:35 [♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 1990:397 [♂; distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1189 [checklist]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:281 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:47 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:174 [diagnosis; ♂; type at INHS; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela.

maculatus Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:176 [Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas [Estado Amazonas], Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp, 00°51'N, 66°10'W, el. 140 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

maesi Chamorro-Lacayo, 2003:493 [Type locality: Nicaragua, Zelaya, Río Las Latas, l4°04'N, 88°33'W, el. 220 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:47 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:94 [diagnosis; ♂; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Nicaragua, Panama.

manuensis Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:131 [Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Amazonia Lodge, Toma del Agua (stream), 12°52'13"S, 71°22'34"W, el. 415 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

matatlanticus Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:63 [Type locality: [Brazil], São Paulo, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, Rio Galharada, 22°41'40"S, 45°27'47"W, el. 1530 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:90 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

mathisi Bueno-Soria, 1990:377 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Fortuna; NMNH; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:96 [diagnosis; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:4 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

mignonae Bueno-Soria, 1990:376 [Type locality: Nicaragua, Puente Quinama, E. Villa Somoza; NMNH; ♂]. —Maes, 1999:1189 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:47 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:97 [diagnosis; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua.

minensium Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:140 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parque Estadual do Itacolomi, trib[utary] to Rio Belchior, 20°25'18"S, 43°25'42"W, el. 700 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:91 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

misolja Bueno-Soria, 1990:374 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Cascada de Misolja a 20 km. al S. de Palenque; NMNH; ♂]. —Moulton and Stewart, 1997b:351 [distribution]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:99 [diagnosis; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

narifer Flint, 1974c:35 [Type locality: Suriname, Brownsberg, mountain creek near Golddiggers camp; RNH; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:142 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Suriname.

nayaritensis Bueno-Soria, 1990:362 [Type locality: Mexico, Nayarit, Compostela; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:230 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

nicaraguensis Chamorro-Lacayo, 2003:493 [Type locality: Nicaragua, Zelaya, Río Las Latas, l4°04'N, 88°33'W, el. 220 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:47 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:101 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Nicaragua.

novafriburgensis Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:66 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, mun[icipal] water supply, el. 950 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:91 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

oaxaquensis Bueno-Soria, 1990:395 [Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca, Laguna superior de Juchitán; INHS; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:178 [diagnosis; ♂; distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, Peru.

panamensis Bueno-Soria, 1990:363 [Type locality: Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Zona del Canal; NMNH; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:103 [diagnosis; ♂; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

paradelphae Chamorro-Lacayo and Holzenthal, 2004:210 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Limon, Reserva Biológica Hitoy-Cerere, Río Cerere, 9.671°N, 83.028°W, el. 90 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:207 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

paysandu Angrisano, 1994:134 [Type locality: Uruguay, Depto. Paysandú, Sta. Rita; FHCU; ♂; wings]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:68 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Uruguay.

perpendicularis Chamorro-Lacayo and Holzenthal, 2004:210 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Tributary to Rio Bellavista in Las Alturas (road to quary), 8.952°N, 82.848°W, el. 1480 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:104 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

peruvianus Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:129 [Type locality: Peru, Loreto, Callicebus Research Station, Mishana, Río Nanay, 25 km SW Iquitos, [3°44'53"S, 73°14'50"W], el. 120 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

petrae Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:106 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais: Estação Ecológica do Tripuí, Córrego Tripuí, 20°23'22"S, 43°32'32"W, el. 1070 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:91 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

pratherae Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:69 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Rio Caparaó, Vale Verde, 20°25'02"S, 41°50'46"W, el. 1350 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:91 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

profaupar Holzenthal and Almeida, 2003:26 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Morro da lgreja, Urubici, Cachoeira Véu da Noiva, 28°04.595'S, 49°3l.090'W, el. 1300 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:360 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:9 [distribution]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:71 [diagnosis; ♂; ♀; distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:91 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

pugiunculatus Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu and Alkin-Koo, 1993:31 [Type locality: Trinidad, Northern Range, stream just below Blue Basin Waterfall; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu and Sakal, 1992:203 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution; ecology]. —Flint, 1996a:74 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:96 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:209 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Tobago, Trinidad.

puyoensis Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:211 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza, Puyo (16 kms. W); NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Ecuador.

recurvatus (Yamamoto), 1966:912 [Type locality: Colombia, Tolima, 18 miles west of Honda; CAS; ♂; in Polycentropus]. —Flint, 1968b:21 [to Polyplectropus]. —Flint, 1981a:16 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:281 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:213 [diagnosis; ♂; ♀; distribution].

Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela.

robacki (Yamamoto), 1966:911 [Type locality: Peru, Huallaga River, Tingo Maria; INHS; ♂; in Polycentropus]. —Flint, 1968b:21 [to Polyplectropus]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:180 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

robertsonae Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:132 [Type locality: Bolivia, Santa Cruz, P[arque] N[acional] & A[rea] N[atural] [de] M[anejo] I[ntegrado] Amboró, Guarda Parque Mataracú, Confluence of Quebrada Verde Uno y Dos, 17°33'11"S, 63°52'09"W, el. 371 m; UASC; ♂].

Distribution. Bolivia.

rodmani Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:73 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Estação Biológica Boracéia, Rio Coruja, 23°40'06"S, 45°53'57"W, el. 850 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:91 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

rondoniensis Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:122 [Type locality: Brazil, Rondônia, creek 8 km S of Cacaulandia; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:91 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

santiago (Ross), 1947:136 [Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo León, Villa Santiago; INHS; ♂; in Polycentropus]. —Flint, 1968b:21 [to Polyplectropus]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:199 [distribution]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:3 [distribution]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:60 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 1990:396 [♂; distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:536 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1189 [checklist]. —Bowles et al., 2007:23 [distribution; biology]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:47 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:181 [diagnosis; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

—proditus Edwards, 1973:502 [Type locality: United States, Texas, Frio River, Barksdale, Edwards Co. (erroneous, see Moulton, 1996); type destroyed]. —Moulton, 1996:273 [Neotype: United States, Texas, Bandera Co., Winans Creek @ TX Hwy 16, 4 mi N Bandera; INHS; ♂; to synonymy].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, U.S.A.

spiculifer Flint, 1971c:27 [Type locality: Brazil [Edo. Amazonas], Rio Marauiá, Endstation vor langer Cachoeira; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:183 [diagnosis; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:91 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

squalus Bueno-Soria, 1990:385 [Type locality: Mexico, Chiapas, Chajul, 90°30’ y 91°E, y 16°00’y 16°30'N; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:185 [diagnosis; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

thilus (Denning), 1962b:407 [Type locality: Mexico, Jalisco, 17 miles south of Mazamitla; CAS; ♂; in Polycentropus]. —Flint, 1968b:21 [to Polyplectropus]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:200 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria, 1990:372 [♂; distribution]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:216 [diagnosis; ♂; distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, Nicaragua.

tragularius Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:134 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parque Nacional Peruaçu, Rio Peruaçu, 15°06'40"S, 44°14'29"W, el. 590 m; MZUSP; ♂]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Barcelos-Silva et al., 2012:1279 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:92 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

trilobatus Flint, 1981a:16 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Maracay, Río Limón, Estación Piscicultura; NMNH; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:108 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

tripunctatum Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:134 [Type locality: Peru, Cuzco, Paucartambo to Pilcopata rd., Quebrada Quitacalzón at Puente Quitacalzón, 13°01'34"S, 71°29'58"W, el. 1050 m; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Peru.

ulmeriana Flint, 1983a:27 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Misiones, Arroyo Piray Mini, Rt. 17 W Dos Hermanas; NMNH; ♂]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:143 [diagnosis; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:92 [checklist].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay.

venezolanus Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:218 [Type locality: Venezuela, Sucre, Rio Cocollar, 1.5 km SE Las Piedras de Cocollar, 10°09'37"N, 63°47'36"W, el. 810 m; UMSP; ♂].

Distribution. Venezuela.

woldai Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:110 [Type locality: Panama, Chiriquí, Fortuna Dam Site nr. Hornitos, 8°55'00"N, 82°16'00"W, el. 1050 m; NMNH; ♂]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:192 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

yolandae Chamorro-Lacayo and Holzenthal, 2004:213 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estacion Maritza, Rio Tempisquito, 10.958°N, 85.497°W, el. 550 m; UMSP; ♂]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:47 [checklist]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:220 [diagnosis; ♂; ♀; distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama.

zamoranoensis Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:187 [Type locality: Honduras, El Zamorano; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Honduras.

zaragozai Bueno-Soria, 1990:387 [Type locality: Mexico, Hidalgo, carretera 105, a 60 kms al NO de Pachuca en el Río Tulancingo, Puente Venados; IBUNAM; ♂]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:188 [diagnosis; ♂].

Distribution. Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.

zuliae Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2010:222 [Type locality: Venezuela, Zulia, Los Angeles del Tucuco; NMNH; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Venezuela.

Family Pseudoneureclipsidae

The status of this family and its two included genera, Antillopsyche and Pseudoneureclipsis, has been equivocal. It was long considered a subfamily of Polycentropodidae, but Li et al. (2001) considered the nominotypical genus to be a member of Dipseudopsidae. After a rigorous phylogenetic analysis, Chamorro and Holzenthal (2011) concluded the genera were neither dipseudopsids nor polycentropodids and elevated the subfamily to family status, Pseudoneureclipsidae, probably sister to a clade containing Polycentropodidae and Ecnomidae (Johanson et al. 2012).

Genus Antillopsyche Banks [4 + †4]

Antillopsyche Banks, 1941:400 [Type species: Antillopsyche wrighti Banks, 1941, original designation]. —Flint, 1964a:29 [systematic position]. —Li et al., 2001:111 [to Dipseudopsidae, indirectly]. —Wichard, 2007a:26 [diagnosis; distribution; key, in Dipseudopsidae]. —Chamorro and Holzenthal, 2011:226 [to Pseudoneureclipsidae].

The genus is known from the Greater Antillean islands of Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico, and is well represented in amber from the Dominican Republic and Mexico (Wichard 2007a).

The larvae and pupae of Antillopsyche tubicola were described by Flint (1964a). The larvae construct silken tubes attached to rocks below the soil-water interface. They were found in a small, clear stream, near the end of a pool.

† auricula Wichard, 2007a:27 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; SMNS (ex collection Wichard); ♂; in amber].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

aycara Botosaneanu, 1980:104 [Type locality: Cuba, Arroyo Blanco, Sabanas de San Felipe, Jatibonico, Prov. Las Villas; ZMUA; ♂; ♀]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:45 [nomen nudum (name included in checklist); distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:95 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

demma Botosaneanu, 1996:13 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Cordillera Central, Salto Agua Blanca, ca. 3 km from Convento; ZMUA; ♂]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:43 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:95 [checklist]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:52 [distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:302 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

† digitus Wichard, 2007a:30 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; SMNS (ex collection Wichard); ♂; in amber].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

† mexicana Wichard, Solórzano-Kraemer and Luer, 2006:43 [Type locality: Mexico; IHNEC; ♂; in amber].

Distribution. Mexico.

† oliveri Wichard, 1985:118 [Type locality: Dominican Republic; collection Wichard; ♂; in amber]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:43 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:95 [checklist]. —Wichard 2007a:27 [♂; diagnosis]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:302 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominican Republic.

tubicola Flint, 1964a:30 [Type locality: Puerto Rico, Maricao; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; biology]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:95 [checklist].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

wrighti Banks, 1941:400 [Type locality: Cuba, Santa Clara Prov., Soledad; MCZ; ♂]. —Flint, 1967c:5 [♂; lectotype]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:45 [distribution]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:95 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

Family Psychomyiidae

The family is widely distributed in most regions of the world, but notably lacking in the Neotropical region; two species in the family occur in Nearctic Mexico, while the other New World species are exclusively North American. Nine genera occur in total, with most species diversity occurring in the Oriental region.

The immature stages of most genera have been described (Lepneva 1970, Wiggins 1996). They all construct a long, silken tube attached to the substrate. They inhabit a great variety of sites: lakes, larger rivers and streams to small, spring fed brooklets. Gut contents are almost exclusively algae, organic matter, and detritus, which the larvae scrape off the surroundings (Wiggins 1996). One species cultivates algae in the silken mesh of the retreat to use as a food source (Hasselrot 1993, Ings et al. 2012).

Genus Tinodes Curtis [2]

Tinodes Curtis, 1834:216 [Type species: Tinodes luridus Curtis, 1834, by monotypy, a synonym of Tinodes waeneri (L.)].

This is a very wide-ranging genus of more than 200 species from the Palearctic, Oriental, Afrotropical and western Nearctic regions. The genus is only known from western North America in the New World, where two species also occur in Baja California, Mexico.

The immature stages construct long silken tubes mixed with mineral fragments. These tubes extend for several centimeters over the rock surface. The immature stages are found in flowing water, often on hygropetric surfaces. Wiggins (1996) reported gut contents to be largely detritus and algae.

powelli Denning, 1964:131 [Type locality: Mexico, Baja California, Sierra San Pedro Martir, La Grulla; CAS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:198 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico.

provo Ross and Merkley, 1950:66 [Type locality: USA, Utah, Provo River, Highway 89-91, at bridge; INHS; ♂]. — Denning, 1983:208 [distribution; Baja California]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:187 [phenology, distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

Family Rhyacophilidae

This is a family primarily of the Northern Hemisphere, occurring as far south as the Atlas Mountains in northern Africa, Java in Indonesia, and northern Mexico. In addition to the type genus, it contains Himalopsyche from Asia and western North America, Philocrena from the Caucasas, and Fansipangana from Vietnam. Rhyacophila contains ca. 700 described species, Himalopsyche has ca. 50 species, and Philocrena and Fansipangana each have only a single species.

The larvae of all genera, except Fansipangana, and many species from various regions of the world, have been described (Flint 1962b, Lepneva 1970, Schmid and Botosaneanu 1966, Wiggins 1996). They are free-living predators in general, although Rhyacophila verrula Milne and a few others are phytophagous, feeding primarily on the freshwater green alga, Prasiola (Smith 1968).

Genus Rhyacophila Pictet [1]

Rhyacophila Pictet, 1834:181 [Type species: Rhyacophila vulgaris Pictet, 1834, subsequent designation of Ross 1944]. —Ross, 1956a:73 [revision]. —Schmid, 1970:29 [revision].

This is the dominant genus of the family, and, as is the whole family, primarily distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Within these northern regions it is a very common and diverse group. In his classic monograph Schmid (1970) recorded the 465 species known at the time. In the New World, over 130 species are presently recognized, but new ones are being described at frequent intervals. Only a single species has been taken in the region covered by this catalog; however, several more may be found in northwestern Mexico.

The larvae of many species are known, and they are quite diverse in appearance. They are, however, all free-living, and with the exception of a few, predators on other small aquatic organisms (Wiggins 1996). The one Mexican species is unknown in its immature stages.

rayneri Ross, 1951a:66 [Type locality: Mexico, Lower California, Valadares; INHS; ♂]. —Denning, 1956b:244 [distribution]. —Denning, 1964: 133 [checklist]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:192 [distribution].

Distribution. Mexico, USA.

Family Sericostomatidae

Many of the Southern Hemisphere genera once placed in the Sericostomatidae have been transferred to other families (Neboiss 1977, Scott 1985, Flint 1979, 1981c). As it was formerly understood, the family contained about 20 genera and 100 species. The combined distribution of these genera is cosmopolitan, except for Australia, New Zealand, and their biogeographically associated islands, but the individual genera are for the most part restricted within their regions. The Latin American fauna is composed of Gumaga griseola from Mexico, Grumicha grumicha from southeastern Brazil and neighboring Argentina, and Myotrichia, Notidobiella, Parasericostoma, and the obscure genus Chiloecia, together containing 18 species, mostly from Chile, although Notidobiella has been described recently from tropical regions of Ecuador and Brazil. Very recently, Johanson et al. (2016) established a new family, Parasericostomatidae for Chiloecia and Parasericostoma, including Myotrichia as a junior synonym of the latter.

The larvae build tubular cases of sand grains or silk alone. They inhabit streams and lakes, where the larvae often burrow in sandy substrates. Larvae are detritivores.

Genus Chiloecia Navás [1]

Chiloecia Navás, 1930b:365 [Type species: Chiloecia lacustris Navás 1930b, by monotypy; in Limnephilidae]. —Flint et al., 1999a:80 [to Sericostomatidae].

This obscure genus is known only from the original description. Its type is presumably lost, but the illustrations in the original description suggest that the genus is close to Parasericostoma.

lacustris Navás, 1930b: 366 [Type locality: Chile, Panguipulli; collection Navás, now lost?; sex not stated]. —Flint, 1974e:88 [unidentified]. —Flint et al., 1999a:80 [status].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Grumicha Müller [1]

Grumicha Müller, 1879b:134 [Type species: Dicentropus flavipes Ulmer, 1905a, first included species, a subsequent synonym of Phryganea grumicha Vallot, 1855]. —Flint et al., 1999:80 [nomenclatural history of Grumicha and its result].

Dicentropus Ulmer, 1905a:16 [Type species: Dicentropus flavipes Ulmer, 1905a, by monotypy]. — Ulmer, 1905b:97 [to synonymy].

The single known species, Grumicha grumicha, occurs in southeastern Brazil and adjacent Argentina. The larval stage and case have been described a few times (Müller 1880a, b, 1921), but not recently.

Larvae build slender, smooth, shiny cases entirely of darkened silk (Saint-Hilaire 1830). They live on rocks in medium sized streams and probably feed by scraping the periphyton.

grumicha (Vallot), 1855:XII [Type locality: Brazil; type depository unknown; case; in Phryganea]. —Hagen, 1864a:226 [to Leptocerus?]. —Holzenthal, 1988a:191 [cases occupied by Triplectides]. —Flint et al., 1999a:80 [to Grumicha]. —Blahnik et al., 2004:5 [distribution]. —Crisci-Bispo et al., 2004:133 [cases occupied by Triplectides]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Sganga et al., 2013:24 [cases occupied by Triplectides misionensis]. —Manzo et al., 2014:167 [distribution]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:92 [checklist].

—flavipes (Ulmer), 1905a:16 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina; PAN; ♂; in Dicentropus]. —Ulmer, 1905b:97 [to Grumicha]. —Thienemann, 1909:37 [larva]. —Ulmer, 1913:404 [distribution]. —Müller 1880a:106, 128 [case]. —Müller, 1921:432 [larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1966a:12 [lectotype; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1999a:80 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil.

Genus Gumaga Tsuda [1]

Gumaga Tsuda, 1938:100 [Type species: Gumaga okinawaensis Tsuda, 1938, by monotypy].

Gumaga occurs in Japan and the western United States. A total of six species are known. Only Gumaga griseola occurs in Mexico, in Baja California.

Larvae were described by Wiggins (1996). They build long, slender cases of minute sand grains. Larvae live in cold springs or occassionally warm streams and feed on fine organic particles.

griseola (McLachlan), 1871:112 [Type locality: United States, California; BMNH; ♂; in Notidobia]. —Ross, 1951a:74 [as Sericostoma sp., distribution]. —Kimmins and Denning, 1951:138 [♂; redescription; in Sericostoma]. —Kimmins, 1957:123 [lectotype]. —Denning, 1964:134 [checklist]. —Ross and Wallace, 1974:46 [to Gumaga]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:215 [distribution]. —Wiggins, 1996:380 [larva]. — Miller et al., 2002:1665 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2006:329 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009a:303 [biology]. —Blinn and Ruiter, 2009b:187 [phenology, distribution]. —Ruiter and Blinn, 2009:5 [♀]. —Djernaes, 2011:24 [♂; ♀].

—assimilis Banks, 1907a:124 [Type locality: [United States], San Diego, Cal[ifornia], Field]; ♂; as Notidobia]. —Milne, 1936:125 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

Genus Myotrichia Schmid [1]

Myotrichia Schmid, 1955a:153 [Type species: Myotrichia murina Schmid, 1955a, original designation].

A single species is known in the genus. The immature stages and biology were described and discussed by Valverde and Albariño (1999) and Brand and Miserendino (2011a).

murina Schmid, 1955a:153 [Type locality: Chile, Santiago, Quebrada de Macul; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Valverde and Albariño, 1999:12 [larva; pupa; biology; distribution]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:35 [biology; distribution]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011b:143 [biology]. —Diáz Villanueva et al., 2012:2506 [biology]. —Brand et al., 2012:90 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Genus Notidobiella Schmid [6]

Notidobiella Schmid, 1955a:152 [Type species: Notidobiella parallelipipeda Schmid, 1955a, original designation]. —Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2010:25 [revision; biogeographical discussion].

Six species are known in the genus, three endemic to Chile and the others from Brazil (north and southeast regions) and Ecuador. The Neotropical species of Sericostomatidae, including those in the genus Notidobiella, appear to be members of a southern Gondwana fauna (de Moor and Ivanov 2008).

The immature stages of Notidobiella chacayana were described by Flint (1967a). The very slightly tapered and curved cases are constructed of sand grains embedded in silk. Larvae are found in small streams and probably are detritivores.

amazoniana Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2010:28 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, AM 010, km 246; INPA; ♂]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:92 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

brasiliana Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2010:30 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, 1st. order trib. to Rio Galharada, 22°41.662'S, 45°27.783'W, el. 1530 m; MZUSP; ♂; ♀]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:92 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

chacayana Schmid, 1957:392 [Type locality: Chile, Maule, Chacay; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1967a:63 [larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Cohen, 2004:79 [distribution]. —Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2010:33 [diagnosis; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Chile.

ecuadorensis Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2010:30 [Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza, Puyo; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Ecuador.

inermis Flint, 1983a:90 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Cautín, near Pucón; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2010:37 [diagnosis; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Chile.

parallelipipeda Schmid, 1955a:152 [Type locality: Chile, Ñuble, Recinto; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Holzenthal and Blahnik, 2010:26 [diagnosis; ♂; ♀].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Parasericostoma Schmid [10]

Chrysostoma Schmid, 1955a: 154 [Type species: Chrysostoma peniai Schmid, 1955a, original designation; preoccupied by Chrysostoma Swainson, 1840, in Mollusca]

Parasericostoma Schmid, 1957:393 [replacement name for Chrysostoma Schmid, 1955a].

Ten species are known in the genus, making it the largest member of the family in the Neotropics. None of the species has been reported to occur outside of Chile and adjacent Argentina.

The larva and pupa of Parasericostoma laterale were described by Flint (1967a), those of Parasericostoma ovale by Valverde and Miserendino (1997), and of Parasericostoma cristatum by Valverde and Albariño (1999). Larvae fashion cases entirely of silk, which are tapered and slightly curved. Small streams are the known habitat. The larvae of Parasericostoma cristatum are shredders, feeding on leaves and other organic matter in the environment (Albariño and Valverde 1998).

abruptum Schmid, 1964:335 [Type locality: Chile, Contulmo, Palo Botado; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Flint, 1990:120 [distribution].

Distribution. Chile.

acutum Flint, 1983a:89 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Maule, Alto Tregualemu, ~20 km SE Chovellén; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Chile.

corniculatum Flint, 1983a:88 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Malleco, Cabrería, Cordillera Nahuelbuta; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Chile.

cristatum Flint, 1983a:88 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Ñuble, Las Trancas, Cordillera Chillán; NMNH; ♂]. —Albariño and Valverde, 1998:131 [biology; distribution]. —Valverde and Albariño, 1999:14 [larva; pupa; biology; distribution]. —Brand, 2009:224 [distribution]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:35 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

dinocephalum Schmid, 1957:394 [Type locality: Chile, Linares, Esterro de Lleiva; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

drepanigerum Flint, 1983a:86 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Malleco, Cabrería, Cordillera Nahuelbuta; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Chile.

laterale Schmid, 1964:335 [Type locality: Chile, Malleco, Thermas de Tolhuaca; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1967a:61 [larva; pupa]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

ovale (Schmid), 1955a:155 [Type locality: Chile, Santiago, El Manzano; NMNH; ♂; in Chrysostoma]. —Schmid, 1957:393 [to Parasericostoma]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist]. —Flint, 1990:120 [distribution]. —Valverde and Miserendino, 1997:33 [larva; pupa; biology]. —Miserendino and Brand, 2007:312 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2011a:35 [biology]. —Brand et al., 2012:90 [biology]. —Brand and Miserendino, 2014:6 [community ecology].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

peniai (Schmid), 1955a:154 [Type locality: Chile, Ñuble, Los Pellines; NMNH; ♂; in Chrysostoma]. —Schmid, 1957:393 [to Parasericostoma; variation; distribution]. —Flint, 1974e:92 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

rufum Schmid, 1964:335 [Type locality: Chile, Ñuble, Atacalco; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:92 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

Family Stenopsychidae

The stenopsychids are a family of only three known genera: Stenopsyche, of ca. 90 species, widely distributed throughout Asia and also with single known examples from Africa and Baltic amber, Stenopsychodes of nine Australian species, and Pseudostenopsyche, with two or three Chilean species (Neboiss 1986, Schmid 1969, Weaver 1987).

Larvae of several species of Stenopsyche have been described and their biology is well known (Lepneva 1970, Swegman and Coffman 1980, Tanida 2002, provided a detailed account). Larvae of Pseudostenopsyche and Stenopsychodes have not been described. Stenopsyche larvae have elongate heads and sclerotized labra with membranous margins bearing dense fringes of short setae. They use this labral brush to groom the tubular nets, as do philopotamids, their close relatives. Food includes other insects as well as organic material (Tanida 2002). The pupae are found under a domelike shelter of small stones, in a thin, loose cocoon of sparse grayish silk (Lepneva 1970). They are found on large cobble in small streams and brooks, but also larger rivers.

Genus Pseudostenopsyche Döhler [3]

Pseudostenopsyche Döhler, 1915:399 [Type species: Pseudostenopsyche sugens Döhler, 1915, by monotypy].

Rhyncorheithrus Schmid, 1964:330 [Type species: Rhyncorheithrus gracilis Schmid, 1964, original designation]. —Flint, 1974e:84 [to synonymy].

This is the single, known representative of the family in the Neotropical Region. It contains two species at a minimum, the probability being that Pseudostenopsyche sugens is the female of one of the other species, known only from males. The immature stages and biology of the genus are unknown.

davisorum Flint, 1983a:21 [Type locality: Chile, Pcia. Maule, Alto Tregualemu, ca. 20km SE Chovellán; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Chile.

gracilis (Schmid), 1964:332 [Type locality: Chile, (Arauco), Caramavida; NMNH; ♂; in Rhyncorheithrus]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [to Pseudostenopsyche].

Distribution. Chile.

sugens Döhler, 1915:400 [Type locality: Chile; ZMHU; ♀]. —Flint, 1974e:91 [checklist].

Distribution. Chile.

Family Tasimiidae

This is a small family of four genera and only nine species. Charadropsyche and Trichovespula, each with a single species, are known from Chile, whereas Tasiagma and Tasimia, with one and five species, respectively, are reported from eastern Australia and Tasmania.

The immature stages of Charadropsyche and Trichovespula are described (Flint 1999, 1967a) as are the immature stages of Tasimia (Riek 1968). They all build cases of sand grains, often with ballast stones laterally, and live in clear, fast flowing streams.

Genus Charadropsyche Flint [1]

Charadropsyche Flint, 1969b:510 [Type species: Charadropsyche penicillata Flint, 1969b, original designation]. —Flint, 1999:99 [redescription; placement, immature stages].

A single species occurs in the Chilean Subregion of the South American continent. The larva, pupa, and case have been described (Flint 1999). They construct flattened, sand grain cases, tapering strongly rearward. They were found in shallow, cascading brooklets in strongly shaded areas, often in a thin film of water on the surface of boulders.

penicillata Flint, 1969b:510 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Curico, Estero la Jaula, Los Quenes; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1974e:89 [checklist]. —Flint, 1999:99 [♂; ♀; larva; pupa; case; biology].

Distribution. Chile.

Genus Trichovespula Schmid [1]

Trichovespula Schmid, 1955a:149 [Type species: Trichovespula macrocera Schmid, 1955a, original designation; in Lepidostomatidae]. —Flint, 1969b:509 [to Tasimiidae].

This is the second monotypic tasimiid genus from the Chilean subregion. It differs from the other known genera in the family in that the male palps are reduced to three segments.

The larva, pupa, and case were described by Flint (1967a). The larval cases are tubular and straight, incorporating large, lateral, ballast stones. They are found, often quite abundantly, in small to rather large, clear, fast flowing streams.

macrocera Schmid, 1955a:150 [Type locality: Chile, Prov. Ñuble, Recinto; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1967a:64 [larva; pupa; case]. —Flint 1974e:90 [checklist]. —Brand, 2009:225 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina, Chile.

Family Xiphocentronidae

This family occurs primarily in the tropical regions of the world, where the highest diversity of species occurs in the Oriental and Neotropical regions (Schmid 1982). A few are known from central Africa, the Middle East, Japan, and the extreme southwest of the United States.

Larvae and pupae of Xiphocentron messapus were described by Edwards (1961, as Xiphocentron mexico) and Wiggins (1996), Xiphocentron cubanum haitiensis by Flint (1964a), Xiphocentron moncho by Muñoz and Holzenthal (1997), and Xiphocentron sclerothrix by Pes et al. (2013). The larvae construct long, silken tubes, often covered with debris, fixed to the substrate. The tubes may extend several centimeters or more above the water surface if the substrate is constantly moist. In Xiphocentron moncho, from Costa Rican, the tubes were much shorter and carried about by the larvae like a case.

Genus Cnodocentron Schmid [6]

Cnodocentron Schmid, 1982:36 [Type species: Cnodocentron (Cnodocentron) girika Schmid 1982, original designation].

Caenocentron Schmid, 1982:42 [Type species: Cnodocentron (Caenocentron) pallas Schmid 1982, original designation, as a subgenus].

The genus was divided into two subgenera when it was established, with the nominotypical subgenus containing six species, all from the Oriental region. The subgenus Caenocentron was established for the New World species and now contains seven species, six of them occurring in the Neotropics and one in the United States (Cnodocentron yavapai).

The larva, pupa, and biology of Cnodocentron yavapai from Arizona were described by Moulton and Stewart (1997a); the immature stages appear to be morphologically indistinguishable from those of Xiphocentron. The female of Cnodocentron yavapai was described by Ruiter (2006). Larvae of the Arizona species built typical tubes and larval gut contents contained diatoms and fine mineral deposits. Adults are rarely collected, but when seen are found in the daytime displaying on foliage beside streams.

galesus (Caenocentron) Schmid, 1982:44 [Type locality: Costa Rica, 2.8 mi E. of Golfito; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:58 [distribution]. —Aguila, 1992:537 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

ideolus (Caenocentron) Schmid, 1982:106 [Type locality: Mexico, Lomas de Chapultepec, D.F.; INHS; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

immaculatum (Caenocentron) Flint, 1991:34 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, Quebrada la Jimenez, Sopetran; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:281 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

lausus (Caenocentron) Schmid, 1982:44 [Type locality: Nicaragua, 4.2 mi W of Villa Somoza; NMNH; ♂]. —Maes and Flint, 1988:3 [distribution]. —Maes, 1999:1188 [checklist]. —Chamorro-Lacayo et al., 2007:47 [checklist].

Distribution. Nicaragua.

pallas (Caenocentron) Schmid, 1982:44 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Gamboa, Rio Agua Salud; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:537 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

trilineatum (Caenocentron) (Mosely), 1934a:140 [Type locality: Mexico, Teapa, Tabasco; BMNH; ♂; in Melanotrichia]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:197 [distribution; in Xiphocentron]. —Schmid, 1982:112 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

Genus Machairocentron Schmid [6]

Machairocentron Schmid, 1982:46 [Type species: Machairocentron lucumon Schmid, 1982, original designation].

The genus contains six described species, all from the Neotropics. The immature stages of the genus were described by Pes et al. (2013). The adult habits and habitats are similar to those of other genera in the family.

ascanius Schmid, 1982:48 [Type locality: Panama, Dolega; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:537 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

echinatum (Flint), 1981a:17 [Type locality: Venezuela, Aragua, Maracay, Rio Limon, Estacion Piscicultura; NMNH; ♂; in Xiphocentron].

—carmentis Schmid, 1982:48 [Type locality: Venezuela, Arag., Ocumare; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint et al., 1999a:81 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Venezuela.

falciforme Pes and Hamada in Pes, et al., 2013:562 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Ducke, Igarapé do Acará, 02°56'29.3"S, 59°56'07.4"W; INPA; ♂; ♀; pupa; biology]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:93 [checklist].

Distribution. Brazil.

lucumon Schmid, 1982:50 [Type locality: Mexico, Ver., Rio Tacolapan, rt 180, Km 551; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

tarpeia Schmid, 1982:46 [Type locality: Mexico (Mich.), San Lorenzo, Rt 15, Km 206; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

teucrus Schmid, 1982:48 [Type locality: Panama, Playa Santa Clara; NMNH; ♂]. —Aguila, 1992:537 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Panama.

Genus Xiphocentron Brauer [46 + †1]

Xiphocentron Brauer, 1870:66 [Type species: Xiphocentron bilimekii Brauer, 1871, by monotypy]. —Brauer, 1871:103. —Schmid, 1982:50 [revision]. —Vilarino and Calor, 2015a:47 [Brazilian species; key].

Antillotrichia Banks, 1941:401 [Type species: Antillotrichia cubana Banks, 1941, original designation]. —Flint, 1964a:25 [to synonymy]. —Botosaneanu, 1988:221 [resurrected as a valid subgenus].

Sphagocentron Schmid, 1982:54 [Type species: Xiphocentron (Sphagocentron) evandrus Schmid, 1982, original designation, as a subgenus].

Glyphocentron Schmid, 1982:56 [Type species: Xiphocentron (Glyphocentron) alcmeon Schmid, 1982, original designation, as a subgenus].

Rhamphocentron Schmid, 1982:60 [Type species: Xiphocentron (Rhamphocentron) mexico Ross, 1949a, original designation, as a subgenus].

Xirocentron Schmid, 1982:66 [Type species: Xiphocentron (Xirocentron) rhamnes Schmid, 1982, original designation, as a subgenus]. —Botosaneanu, 1988:221 [as synonym of subgenus Antillotrichia].

This genus currently contains 43 species, divided among five subgenera. It is limited exclusively to the New World, where it is found from the southwestern United States, south to west-central Argentina, and both the Greater and Lesser Antilles. The only known fossil species was described by Wichard et al. (2006) from Mexican amber.

The larvae and pupae of three species have been described: Xiphocentron messapus (Edwards 1961, Wiggins 1996), Xiphocentron cubanum haitiensis (Flint 1964a), and Xiphocentron moncho (Muñoz and Holzenthal, 1997). The pupal shelter with enclosed larva of Xiphocentron parentum was illustrated by Botosaneanu (1988). Pes et al. (2013) described adults and pupa and presented biological notes for Xiphocentron sclerothrix. The descriptions do not offer any apparent differences between the species. Larvae are found on rocks in fast-flowing water or, more commonly, on moist rocks at or above the water line. Sturm (1960) reported larval and pupal cases of Xiphocentron sturmi from the underside of wet logs in the rain forest. Muñoz and Holzenthal (1997) described a semiterrestrial larva from Costa Rica that constructed a short, portable retreat. Pes et al. (2013) analyzed the gut contents of a Xiphocentron sclerothrix larva and characterized it as having scraper feeding habits.

albolineatum (Antillotrichia) Flint, 1968b:18 [Type locality: Dominica, Pont Casse, 1.7 miles east; NMNH; ♂]. —Schmid, 1982:113 [checklist, in subgenus Xirocentron]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:53 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:47 [distribution].

Distribution. Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent.

alcmeon (Glyphocentron) Schmid, 1982:58 [Type locality: Guatemala, Dept. San Marcos, Pte. Petacalapa; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Guatemala.

alecto (Rhamphocentron) Schmid, 1982:62 [Type locality: Mexico (S.L.P.), Tierra Blanca, Rt 85, km 348; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

asilas (Xiphocentron) Schmid, 1982:52, 108 [Type locality: Mexico (SLP), Tierra Blanca, Rt 85, Km 348; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

aureum (Xiphocentron) Flint, 1967b:10 [Type locality: Mexico (Vera Cruz), near Huatusco; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:197 [distribution]. —Schmid, 1982:52, 113 [discussion, ♂ wing venation]. —Aguila, 1992:537 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, Panama.

bilimekii (Xiphocentron) Brauer, 1871:104 [Type locality: Mexico; NMW; ♂]. —Flint, 1966a:4 [lectotype; ♂]. —Schmid, 1982:52 [discussion].

Distribution. Mexico.

borinquensis (Antillotrichia) Flint, 1964a:29 [Type locality: [Puerto Rico] El Yunque; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1982:114 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist].

Distribution. Puerto Rico.

caenina (Antillotrichia) Schmid, 1982:110 [Type locality: Argentina [not Mexico as stated in original description], Quebrada Cainzo, Dept. Tafi Viejo, Tuc.; INHS; ♂; in Xirocentron]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

† chiapasi (Xiphocentron) Wichard, Solórzano-Kraemer and Luer, 2006:46 [Type locality: Mexico; Collection Poinar; ♂; in amber].

Distribution. Mexico.

cubanum caimitense (Antillotrichia) Kumanski, 1987:8 [Type locality: [Cuba], Province Pinar del Rio, ca. 15 km SE from La Palma, Rio El Caimito; NMNSB; ♂; as caimitensis]. —Botosaneanu, 1993:296 [to subspecific status of cubanum]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

cubanum cubanum (Antillotrichia) (Banks), 1941:401 [Type locality: Hanabanillo Falls, Trinidad Mts., Cuba; MCZ; ♂; in Antillotrichia]. —Flint, 1964a:26 [to Xiphocentron]. —Flint, 1967c:7 [genitalia missing from holotype]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1979:45 [distribution]. —Schmid, 1982:114 [checklist]. —Kumanski, 1987:8 [♂]. —Botosaneanu, 1993:293 [♂; relationship of Cuban subspecies]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:91 [checklist]. —López del Castillo et al., 2004:229 [distribution]. —González Lazo et al., 2005:261 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist]. —López del Castillo et al., 2007:171 [distribution; seasonal abundance].

Distribution. Cuba.

cubanum orientale (Antillotrichia) Botosaneanu, 1993:296 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Arroyo Seboruquito, Mayari, foot of Sierra Pinares de Mayari; ZMUA; ♂]. —Flint, 1996c:16 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:92 [checklist]. —Naranjo López and González Lazo, 2005:150 [checklist].

Distribution. Cuba.

cuyensis (Antillotrichia) Flint, 1983a:34 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Tucuman, Rt 307, 33.7 km W Acheral; NMNH; ♂]. —Isa Miranda and Rueda Martín, 2014:200 [distribution].

Distribution. Argentina.

erato (Rhamphocentron) Schmid, 1982:62 [Type locality: Mexico (S.L.P.), Tierra Blanca, Rt 85, km 348; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

euryale (Glyphocentron) Schmid, 1982:58 [Type locality: Costa Rica 14.1 m SE of Esparta; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:58 [distribution].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

evandrus (Sphagocentron) Schmid, 1982:56 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Juan Vinas, Rio Chiz; NMNH; ♂]. —Holzenthal, 1988c:58 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015a:3 [distribution]. —Armitage et al., 2015b:5 [checklist]. —Armitage and Cornejo, 2015:193 [checklist].

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.

fuscum (Antillotrichia) Flint, 1968b:16 [Type locality: Dominica, Brantridge; NMNH; ♂]. —Schmid, 1982:113 [checklist, in Xirocentron]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:51 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 1994a:51 [distribution]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:92 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:55 [checklist].

Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe, St Lucia.

haitiense (Antillotrichia) (Banks), 1941:402 [Type locality: Camp Perin, Haiti; MCZ; ♂; as Antillotrichia haitiensis]. —Flint, 1964a:26 [to Xiphocentron; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; as haitiensis]. —Flint, 1967c:7 [holotype; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1982:114 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 1993:293 [suggested synonymy with cubanum]. —Botosaneanu, 1996:12 [to subspecific status of cubanum]. —Flint and Pérez-Gelabert, 1999:43 [checklist; as cubanum haitiense]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:92 [checklist; as subspecies]. —Flint and Sykora, 2004:55 [to species status, as haitiense, distribution]. —Pérez-Gelabert, 2008:302 [checklist]. —Djernaes, 2011:12 [♂; ♀].

Distribution. Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico.

ilionea (Antillotrichia) Schmid, 1982:70 [Type locality: Brazil, [São Paulo], Estacion Biol. Boraceia, Pedreira; NMNH; ♂; in Xirocentron]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:361 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:93 [checklist]. —Vilarino and Calor, 2015a:52 [♂; key].

Distribution. Brazil.

insulare (Antillotrichia) (Ulmer), 1913:386 [Type locality: Trinidad (Waterfall, Diego Martin); BMNH; ♂; in Melanotrichia]. — Flint, 1964a:26 [to Xiphocentron]. —Schmid, 1982:114 [checklist, in Xirocentron]. —Flint, 1996a:81 [identity, synonymy]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:92 [checklist].

—trinitatis (Lestage), 1926:382 [Type locality: same as insulare; BMNH; ♂; in Melanotrichia; type is the type of insulare]. —Fischer, 1962:233 [to synonymy].

—nisus (Xirocentron) Schmid, 1982:70 [Type locality: Trinidad, Simla; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1996a:81 [to synonymy].

Distribution. Trinidad.

julus (Sphagocentron) Schmid, 1982:56 [Type locality: Mexico (Ver.), Puente Nacional; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

kamakan (Antillotrichia) Vilarino and Calor, 2015a:47 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Camacan, RPPN Serra Bonita, Córrego 3, Chuchuzeiro, 15°23'03"S, 039°34'00"W; MZUSP; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

lavinia (Rhamphocentron) Schmid, 1982:64 [Type locality: Guatemala, Dept. Izabal, nr Matias de Galvez; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:361 [checklist].

Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico.

lobiferum (Antillotrichia) Flint and Sykora, 1993:52 [Type locality: Grenada, Parish St. Patrick, Plains; FSCA; ♂]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:92 [checklist].

Distribution. Grenada.

maiteae (Antillotrichia) Vilarino and Calor, 2015a:50 [Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Camacan, RPPN Serra Bonita, Córrego 3, Chuchuzeiro, 15°23'03"S, 039°34'00"W; MZUSP; ♂].

Distribution. Brazil.

messapus (Rhamphocentron) Schmid, 1982:64, 108 [Type locality: United States, Texas, Springs along Blanco River, below Blanco; ROM; ♂]. —Edwards, 1961:51 [as Xiphocentron mexico Ross; larva; pupa; biology]. —Wiggins, 1996:186 [larva; pupa; biology]. —Bowles et al., 2007:23 [distribution; biology]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:362 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico, U.S.A.

mexico (Rhamphocentron) Ross, 1949a:4 [Type locality: Villa Santiago, Nueva Leon, Mexico; INHS; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria and Flint, 1978:197 [distribution]. —Schmid, 1982:82, 113 [discussion, to Rhamphocentron, male leg spurs]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:75 [distribution; as movica, misspelling of mexico?].

Distribution. Mexico.

mezencius (Antillotrichia) Schmid, 1982:108 [Type locality: Mexico, Rio Frio; INHS; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

mnesteus (Antillotrichia) Schmid, 1982:69 [Type locality: Venezuela (Ba.), 30 km NW Barinitas; NMNH; ♂; in Xirocentron]. —Flint, 1991:33 [♂; distribution]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:281 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

moncho (Antillotrichia) Muñoz and Holzenthal, 1997:357 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito and tribs., 10.216°N, 84.607°W; NMNH; ♂; ♀; larva; pupa; case; biology].

Distribution. Costa Rica.

nesidion (Antillotrichia) Flint, 1968a:22 [Type locality: [Jamaica], Trelawny, Martha Brae near Falmouth; NMNH; ♂]. —Flint, 1968b:80 [checklist]. —Schmid, 1982:114 [checklist, in Xirocentron]. —Botosaneanu and Hyslop, 1998:18 [as subspecies of cubanum]. —Flint et al., 1999b:186 [to species status]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:92 [checklist; as subspecies of cubanum].

Distribution. Jamaica.

numanus (Rhamphocentron) Schmid, 1982:66 [Type locality: Mexico (Oax.), Tamazulapan; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

parentum (Antillotrichia) Botosaneanu, 1988:219 [Type locality; [Martinique], Ravine l’Abbé (Morne-Vert); ZMA; ♂; larva]. —Botosaneanu, 1990a:42 [♀]. —Flint and Sykora, 1993:49 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:92 [checklist]. —Botosaneanu and Thomas, 2005:47 [distribution].

Distribution. Martinique.

pintada (Antillotrichia) Flint, 1983a:34 [Type locality: Argentina, Pcia. Catamarca, Arroyo El Pintada, near La Vina; NMNH; ♂].

Distribution. Argentina.

piscicaudum (Antillotrichia) Flint, 1996a:77 [Type locality: Tobago, Bridge B1/5, 6.5 km N Roxborough; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:92 [checklist].

Distribution. Tobago, Venezuela.

polemon (Xiphocentron) Schmid, 1982:108 [Type locality: Mexico, Pedregal, San Angel, D.F.; INHS; ♂].

Distribution. Mexico.

prolixum (Antillotrichia) Flint, 1996a:78 [Type locality: Trinidad, Guanapo River, Lalaja Road, 10°43'N, 61°17'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:92 [checklist].

Distribution. Trinidad.

regulare (Antillotrichia) Flint, 1991:33 [Type locality: Colombia, Dpto. Antioquia, 12 km N Fredonia; NMNH; ♂]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:281 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

rhamnes (Antillotrichia) Schmid, 1982:68 [Type locality: Mexico (Ver.), N. Huatusco; NMNH; ♂; in Xirocentron].

Distribution. Mexico.

saltuum (unplaced) (Müller), 1921:531, fig. 184k [Type locality: Brazil; type depository unknown; pupal mandible; in Hydropsyche]. —Ulmer, 1957:316 [bibliography, to Tinodes]. —Flint et al., 1999a:81 [to Xiphocentron, as nomen dubium]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:93 [checklist]. —Vilarino and Calor, 2015a:52 [as nomen dubium].

Distribution. Brazil.

sclerothrix (Antillotrichia) Pes and Hamada in Pes, et al., 2013:568 [Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Presidente Figueiredo, igarapé da Caverna do Maroagoa, km 6 AM 240, 01°04'20.33"S, 59°58'54.24"W; INPA; ♂; ♀; pupa; biology]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:93 [checklist]. —Vilarino and Calor, 2015a:52 [♂; key].

Distribution. Brazil.

serestus (Antillotrichia) Schmid, 1982:68 [Type locality: Mexico (Mich.), P.N. Morelos, nr Morelia; NMNH; ♂; in Xirocentron].

Distribution. Mexico.

steffeni (Antillotrichia) (Marlier), 1964a:6 [Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Boracéia; IRSNB; ♂; in Melanotrichia]. —Schmid, 1982:114 [to Xiphocentron (Xirocentron)]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:16 [checklist]. —Dumas et al., 2009:361 [distribution]. —Dumas et al., 2010:9 [distribution]. —Calor, 2011:323 [checklist]. —Dumas and Nessimian, 2012:24 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:93 [checklist]. —Vilarino and Calor, 2015a:52 [♂; key].

Distribution. Brazil.

stenotum (Antillotrichia) Flint, 1996a:78 [Type locality: Tobago, Doctor River, 1 km NW Speyside, 11°18'N, 60°32'W; NMNH; ♂]. —Botosaneanu, 2002:92 [checklist].

Distribution. Tobago.

sturmi (Antillotrichia) Sturm, 1960:387 [Type locality: Colombia, Strasse Cali-Buenaventura; unspecified; larval and pupal retreats]. —Schmid, 1982:114 [nomen dubium]. —Malicky 1987b:97 [available name, clarification of type locality: [label data] Colombia, Anchicaya (35 km WNW Cali); collection Malicky; ♂ lectotype]. —Muñoz-Quesada, 2000:281 [checklist].

Distribution. Colombia.

surinamense (Antillotrichia) Flint, 1974c:32 [Type locality: Suriname, Brownsberg, mountain creek near Golddigers camp; RNH; ♂]. —Schmid, 1982:114 [checklist, in Xirocentron].

Distribution. Suriname.

tarquon (Xiphocentron) Schmid, 1982:54 [Type locality: Mexico (Chis.), Rt 195, 5 km S. Ixtacomitan; NMNH; ♂]. —Bueno-Soria et al., 2005:76 [distribution]. —Bueno-Soria and Barba-Álvarez, 2011:362 [checklist].

Distribution. Mexico.

Trichoptera, incertae sedis

Genus Eutonella Müller [1]

Eutonella Müller, 1921:531 [Type species: Eutonella peltopsychoides Müller 1921, by monotypy]. —Ulmer, 1957:316 [systematic placement].

The systematic position of this genus, for which only a figure of a pupal mandible is known, is not certain. As discussed in Flint et al. (1999a), it could be either a hydroptilid or psychomyiid, but was placed by them in the Hydroptilidae on the preponderance of evidence. Santos et al., (2016) further stated that the tibial spur formula of 2-4-4, as indicated by Müller (1880a, 1880b), does not match that of any Hydroptilidae. Accordingly, they considered it not to be in Hydroptilidae, but instead placed this pooly described species in Trichoptera incertae sedis.

peltopsychodes Müller, 1921:531, fig. 184 1 [Type locality: Brazil; type depository unknown; pupal mandible]. —Ulmer, 1957:316 [bibliography]. —Flint et al., 1999a:76 [identity; to Hydroptilidae]. —Paprocki et al., 2004:11 [checklist]. —Paprocki and França, 2014:44 [checklist]. —Santos et al., 2016a:460 [to Trichoptera incertae sedis]

Distribution. Brazil.

Citation

Holzenthal RW, Calor AR (2017) Catalog of the Neotropical Trichoptera (Caddisflies). ZooKeys 654: 1–566. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.654.9516

Index

A

abbreviata, Cernotina 412

abbreviata, Neotrichia 246

abbreviatoides, Neotrichia 246

abdominalis, Phylloicus 29

aberrans, Metrichia 233

aberrans, Monocosmoecus 353

abjurans, Centromacronema 129

abrachium, Austrotinodes 37

abrelata, Byrsopteryx 206

abrelata, Ochrotrichia 261

abrupta, Smicridea 161

abruptum, Parasericostoma 450

abruptus, Triaenodes 342

absona, Oxyethira 281

Abtrichia, [Hydroptilidae] 293

acaena, Culoptila 48

acahuana, Atopsyche 100

acalyptra, Cernotina 412

acanthogaster, Polycentropus 422

acanthostema, Oecetis 333

acanthus, Triaenodes 342

acauda, Mortoniella 55

acciptrina, Oecetis 333

acegua, Oxyethira 281

Achoropsyche [Leptoceridae] 312

acicula, Metrichia 233

acinaciformis, Chimarra 370

acinaciformis, Polycentropus 422

Acostatrichia [Hydroptilidae] 192

acreata, Scotiotrichia See ocreata, Scotiotrichia

acula, Chimarra 370

aculea, Oxyethira 281

aculeatus, Phylloicus 29

acuminata, Atanatolica 315

acuminata, Hydroptila 215

acuminata, Metrichia 233

acuminata, Smicridea 161

acuta, Chimarra 370

acuti, Angrisanoia 201

acutiloba, Nectopsyche 322

acutissima, Hydroptila 218

acutiterga, Banyallarga 26

acutum, Leptonema 135

acutum, Parasericostoma 450

adamsae, Austrotinodes 37

adamsae, Chimarra 370

adamsae, Contulma 21

adamsae, Metrichia 233

adamsae, Phylloicus 29

adamsae, Polyplectropus 433

adela†, Leucotrichia 225

adella, Chimarra 370

adelphe, Chimarra 370

adunca, Cerasmatrichia 208

adusta, Nectopsyche 322

aegerfasciella, Orthotrichia 279

aeneus, Phylloicus 29

aeola, Nectopsyche 329

aequalis, Mortoniella 55

aequalis, Smicridea 161

aequatoria, Chimarrhodella 400

aequispina, Eosericostoma 77

aequispina, Eosericostoma Schmid 1957, nec Schmid 1955a 78

aequispina, Neotrichia 246

aequiunguis, Grumichella 318

aestheticella, Cernotina 412

affinis, Alterosa 365

affinis, Necrotaulius [†] 10

affinis, Ochrotrichia 261

affinis, Verger 355

agaboga, Anchitrichia 200

agazoka, Angrisanoia 201

agglutinans, Helicopsyche 88

aglae, Alisotrichia 194

agnathum, Macronema 150

agosta, Mortoniella 56

agosta, Oecetis 333

agraphum, Leptonema 135

aguilerai†, Culoptila 48

aguyje, Polycentropus 422

aitija, Alisotrichia See hirudopsis aitija

aiuruoca, Marilia 360

ajax, Hydroptila 215

akantha, Chimarra 371

akantha, Mortoniella 56

alafimbriata, Mystacides 321

alajuela, Flintiella 213

alajuela, Helicopsyche 80

alajuela, Metrichia 233

alaluz, Oxyethira 281

alamosa, Chimarra 385

alarca, Zumatrichia 301

alargada, Ochrotrichia 261

alata, Chimarra 371

alata, Marilia 360

alata, Neotrichia 246

alatespinus, Polyplectropus 433

alatus, Polycentropus 422

alayoana, Alisotrichia 194

alayoi, Chimarra 388

albaeaquae, Oxyethira 281

albata, Smicridea 165

albescens, Smicridea 168

albicornis, Marilia 360

albifrontalis, Smicridea 161

albolineata, Mortoniella 56

albolineatum, Xiphocentron 456

albomaculata, Chimarra 371

albosignata, Smicridea 161

albovirens, Leptonema 135

album, Leptonema 136

alceatum, Leptonema 136

alcmeon, Xiphocentron 456

alconura, Atopsyche 102

aldama, Ochrotrichia 262

aldricki, Hydroptila 215

alecto, Xiphocentron 456

alexanderi, Itauara 51

alexanderi, Lepidostoma 310

alexanderi, Protoptila 67

alhoma, Metrichia 233

alibrachia, Leucotrichia 225

aliceae†, Ochrotrichia 262

alicia, Wormaldia 404

aliciae, Polycentropus 422

alicula, Mortoniella 56

aliena, Kumanskiella 224

alienus, Polyplectropus 434

alisensis, Leucotrichia 225

Alisotrichia [Hydroptilidae] 194

allani, Atopsyche 100

alleni, Polyplectropus 434

Alloecentrellodes [Helicophidae] 76

alsa, Neotrichia 246

altercoma, Helicopsyche 80

Alterosa [Philopotamidae] 365

alticola, Smicridea 161

altmani, Chimarra 371

altmani, Polycentropus 422

altura, Protoptila 67

aluca, Culoptila 48

alumnorum, Protoptila 67

alvarezi†, Plectropsyche 159

alyshae, Neotrichia 247

alza, Bredinia 204

amadoi, Alterosa 365

amazona, Helicopsyche 81

amazonas, Phylloicus 30

Amazonatolica [Leptoceridae] 312

amazonense, Leptonema 136

amazonense, Macronema 150

amazonensis, Austrotinodes 38

amazonensis, Taraxitrichia 299

amazoniana, Notidobiella 449

amazonica, Chimarra 371

amazonica, Itauara 51

amazonica, Oecetis 333

amazonicus, Polyplectropus 434

amberia, Culoptila 48

ambitiosa, Nectopsyche 328

americana, Orthotrichia 279

amica, Chimarra 371

amica, Helicopsyche 81

amnicola, Marilia 360

amorfa, Ochrotrichia 262

Amphichorema [Hydrobiosidae] 98

amphirhamphus, Polycentropus 423

Amphoropsyche [Leptoceridae] 313

amplector, Neotrichia 247

amplifurcatum, Leptonema 136

amplio, Neotrichia 247

amplispina, Smicridea 161

amplitudinis, Metrichia 233

anahua, Neotrichia 247

anakantha, Mortoniella 56

Anastomoneura [Odontoceridae] 358

anaticula, Smicridea 161

ancestralis, Hydropsyche 133

Anchitrichia [Hydroptilidae] 200

anchorus, Polyplectropus 434

ancistrion, Hydroptila 215

ancistrus, Polycentropus 423

ancora, Metrichia 233

ancylus, Austrotinodes 38

andicola, Smicridea 162

andina, Oxyethira 281

andina, Rhyacopsyche 295

andinensis, Polyplectropus 434

andinum, Leptonema 136

andrea, Leptonema 136

andrea, Wormaldia 404

andreae, Flintiella 213

Androchorema [Hydrobiosidae] 98

angelae, Helicopsyche 90

angelae, Oecetis 333

angelinae, Leucotrichia 225

angeloi, Helicopsyche 81

angelus, Orinocotrichia 278

angra, Rhyacopsyche 295

angrisanae, Ragatrichia 294

Angrisanoia [Hydroptilidae] 201

angularis, Chimarra 371

angularis, Ochrotrichia 262

angularis, Oecetis 333

angulata, Helicopsyche 81

angulata, Mortoniella 56

angulata, Neotrichia 247

angulata, Sortosa 402

angulata, Zumatrichia 301

angulatum, Microthremma 78

angulosa, Metrichia 233

angusta, Hydroptila 215

angustior, Austrotinodes 38

angustior, Phylloicus 30

angustipennis, Cailloma 115

angustipennis, Chimarra 371

anhanguera, Cernotina 412

anhelitus, Wormaldia 404

anisoscola, Metrichia 233

annulicornis (Blanchard), Smicridea 168

annulicornis (Ulmer), Smicridea 168

annulicornis, Helicopsyche 82

annulicornis, Polyplectropus 434

annulicornis, Smicridea 162

anomala, Ochrotrichia 262

anomala, Smicridea 162

Anomalocosmoecus [Limnephilidae] 348

Anomalopsyche [Anomalopsychidae] 20

anomaloptera, Zumatrichia 301

anomalum, Leptonema 136

anomalus, Neoathripsodes 330

anomalus, Polycentropus 428

anomalus, Setodes 341

anomalus, Triaenodes 342

Antarctoecia [Limnephilidae] 348

Antarctopsyche [Hydropsychidae] 160

antennata, Peltopsyche 293

anticheira, Chimarra 372

anticura, Smicridea 162

antigua, Chimarra 372

antillana, Oecetis 337

antilles, Streptopsyche 187

antilliana, Chimarra 372

antilliarum, Hydroptila 215

antilliensis, Zumatrichia 301

Antillopsyche [Polycentropodidae] 444

Antillotrichia [Xiphocentronidae] 455

antillularum, Oxyethira See tega antillularum

antisuya, Atopsyche 100

antonina, Cernotina 412

Antoptila [Glossosomatidae] 51

Apatanodes [Hydrobiosidae] 98

aperiens, Barypenthus 359

apicale, Centromacronema 129

apicale, Macronema 150

apicalis, Oecetis 337

apicata, Oecetis 335

apicauda, Helicopsyche 81

apiculata, Mortoniella 56

apinolada, Oxyethira 281

aplita, Atopsyche 100

appendicula, Smicridea 162

appendiculata, Bredinia 204

appendiculata, Smicridea 162

appendiculata, Sortosa 402

appendiculatus, Verger 355

apurimac, Atopsyche 100

aquaecadentis, Alisotrichia 194

aragua, Amphoropsyche 313

araguaiense, Smicridea 162

araguense, Leptonema 136

araguensis, Metrichia 233

arantala, Oxyethira 282

araucanica, Australobiosis 114

araujoi, Wormaldia 404

arawak, Cariboptila 44

arcana, Alisotrichia 195

archboldi, Leptonema 136

arcopa, Wormaldia 408

arctia, Hydroptila 216

arctodactyla, Oxyethira 282

arcuata, Macronema See arcuatum, Macrostemum

arcuatum, Macrostemum 154

ardisia, Calosopsyche 126

arenifera, Helicopsyche 82

arenifera, Metrichia 234

areopagita, Cariboptila 47

argentata, Nectopsyche 322

argentea, Ochrotrichia 262

argentella, Chimarra 372

argentilinea, Alisotrichia 195

argentilineatum, Macronema 150

argentina, Smicridea 162

argentinensis, Oxyethira 282

argentinica, Banyallarga 26

argentinica, Betrichia 203

argentinica, Chimarra 372

argentinica, Hydroptila 216

argentinica, Metrichia 234

argentinica, Mortoniella 56

argentinicus, Anomalocosmoecus 348

argentinus, Badallus See argentina, Smicridea

argentinus, Nyctiophylax See muhnianus, Nyctiophylax

Argentitrichia [Hydroptilidae] 232

argylensis, Cerasmatrichia 209

Argyrobothrus , [Hydroptilidae] 280

ariasi, Austrotinodes 38

ariensis, Polycentropus 423

aries, Mortoniella 57

aries, Smicridea 163

arima, Chimarra 372

arista, Neotrichia 247

arizela†, Alisotrichia 195

arizona, Oxyethira 282

arizonensis, Cheumatopsyche 131

arizonensis, Helicopsyche 89

arizonensis, Metrichia 234

arizonensis, Polycentropus 423

arizonensis, Smicridea 163

arizonensis, Wormaldia 404, 405

arizonica, Oecetis 333

armata, Chimarra 372

armata, Mortoniella 57

armata, Neotrichia 247

armatus, Verger 356

armiger, Austrotinodes 38

arotron, Cyrnellus 418

arranca, Ochrotrichia 262

arriba, Ochrotrichia 262

artiguensis, Cernotina 412

aruma, Cernotina 412

asancaru, Atopsyche 100

ascanius, Machairocentron 455

asclepium, Leptonema 137

Ascotrichia [Hydroptilidae] 202

asilas, Xiphocentron 456

aspersum, Leptonema 137

aspinosus, Polycentropus 423

assimilis, Notidobia 449

assimilis, Phylloicus 34

assita, Ochrotrichia 262

asta, Alisotrichia 195

astarte, Smicridea 163

astera, Cernotina 412

astilla, Flintiella 213

asymmetris, Mortoniella 57

atahuallpa, Atopsyche 100

Atanatolica [Leptoceridae] 314

atenuata, Mortoniella 57

aterrima, Smicridea 163

aterrimum, Leptonema 137

atezcae, Ochrotrichia 263

atilanoi, Chimarra 372

atmena, Smicridea 163

atmena, Zumatrichia 301

Atomyiodes [Lepidostomatidae] 307

Atopsaura [Hydrobiosidae] 99

Atopsyche [Hydrobiosidae] 99

Atopsychodes [Hydrobiosidae] 99

atrobasis, Smicridea 163

attenuata, Cernotina 412

attenuata, Ochrotrichia 263

attenuata, Zumatrichia 302

aurantibasis, Chimarra 373

auratus, Phylloicus 30

aurea, Atanatolica 315

aureofasciata, Nectopsyche 322

aureoinclusa†, Setodes 341

aureopunctata, Chimarra 373

aureovittata, Nectopsyche 322

aureum, Xiphocentron 456

auricolor, Hydropsyche 133

auricula†, Antillopsyche 444

auriculatum, Leptonema 137

aurimacula, Smicridea 183

auripenne, Centromacronema 129

auriplicatus, Polyplectropus 434

aurivittata, Chimarra 373

auroa, Helicopsyche 81

aurra, Smicridea 163

aurulenta, Cariboptila 44

australis, Verger 356

Australobiosis [Hydrobiosidae] 114

Australochorema [Hydrobiosidae] 99

Australomyia [Limnephilidae] 355

Austrocentrus [Helicophidae] 76

Austrocosmoecus [Limnephilidae] 349

Austrotinodes [Ecnomidae] 37

aviceps, Chimarra 373

aviceps, Mortoniella 57

avicula, Ochrotrichia 263

avis, Ochrotrichia 263

avon, Metrichia 234

ayacucho, Atopsyche 101

ayahuaca, Atopsyche 101

ayama, Mayatrichia 230

ayaya, Ochrotrichia 263

aycara, Antillopsyche 444

aymara, Wormaldia 404

ayura, Amphoropsyche 313

ayura, Leucotrichia 225

azteca, Oxyethira 282

aztecum, Lepidostoma 308

aztecus, Polycentropus 423

azul, Metrichia 234

azulae, Culoptila 48

azulus, Polycentropus 423

B

bacula, Contulma 21

Badallus [Hydropsychidae] 160

baja, Limnephilus 351

bakeri, Lepidostoma 308

balra, Ceratotrichia 210

balra, Ochrotrichia 263

bandeira, Alterosa 365

banksi, Atopsyche 101

banksi, Chimarra 373

banksi, Leptonema 137

banksi, Smicridea 163

banksianus, Polyplectropus 434

Banyallarga [Calamoceratidae] 25

baoruco, Chimarra See spinulifera baoruco

baorucoensis, Ochrotrichia 263

barbai, Wormaldia 404

barinas, Chimarra 373

barinita, Chimarra 373

baritu, Neotrichia 247

baritu, Oxyethira 283

barranca, Chimarra 381

barrerai, Culoptila 48

barrettae, Chimarra 373

bartolus, Polycentropus 423

Barypenthus [Odontoceridae] 359

batesi, Atopsyche 101

batesi, Calosopsyche 126

baumanni, Marilia 360

beameri, Chimarra 374

beaumonti, Platycosmoecus 354

Beaumontia [Limnephilidae] 354

beccus, Polyplectropus 434

beckeri, Alterosa 365

beckeri, Chimarra 374

befela, Zumatrichia 302

befoga, Alisotrichia 195

begorba, Smicridea 163

belchioris, Austrotinodes 38

belizensis, Chimarra 374

bella, Nectopsyche 322

bellini, Neotrichia 247

bellus, Polycentropus 423

benji, Alisotrichia 195

benwa, Rhyacopsyche 295

bertioga, Phylloicus 30

Betrichia [Hydroptilidae] 202

betteni, Chimarra 398

bettyae, Oxyethira 283

beutelspacheri, Polyplectropus 434

bevagota, Zumatrichia 302

biappendiculatus, Polycentropus 423

bibrachiata, Cernotina 412

bicarinatus, Phylloicus 30

bicaudata, Ochrotrichia 263

bicolor, Chimarra 374

bicolor, Macronema 150

bicolorata, Atopsyche 101

bicoloroides, Chimarra 374

bicornuta, Leucotrichia 225

bicornuta, Mastigoptila 54

bicornuta, Oxyethira 283

bicornuta, Protoptila 67

bicornuta, Smicridea 164

bicuspis, Calosopsyche 126

bidactyla, Smicridea 164

bidens, Australobiosis 114

bidens, Chimarra 374

bidens, Hydroptila 216

bidentata, Chimarra 374

bidentata, Culoptila 49

bidentata, Itauara 51

bidentata, Metrichia 234

bidentata, Oxyethira 283

bidentata, Smicridea 164

bidigitatus, Phylloicus 31

bifasciata, Smicridea 164

bifida, Canoptila 43

bifida, Neotrichia 247

bifida, Smicridea 164

bifida, Sortosa 402

bifida, Zumatrichia 302

bifidum, Macronema 150

bifidum, Parachorema 122

bifidus, Austrocentrus 77

bifidus, Brachysetodes 317

bifidus, Cyrnellus 419

bifurcata, Mortoniella 57

bifurcata, Neotrichia 247

bifurcata, Smicridea 164

bifurcatodes, Leptonema 137

bifurcatum, Leptonema 137

bifurcatus, Brachysetodes 317

bika, Neotrichia 248

bilanceolata, Alterosa 365

bilimekii, Xiphocentron 456

bilineata, Mortoniella 57

biloba, Marilia 360

bilobatum, Leptonema 137

bilobosa, Oecetis 334

biparta, Limnephilus 351

bipartita, Costatrichia 211

bipartita, Ochrotrichia 263

bipartiterga, Byrsopteryx 206

bipartitum, Microthremma 78

bisectilis, Chimarra 374

biserrulata, Smicridea 164

bisetosa, Alisotrichia 195

bispicata, Cernotina 412

bispinosa, Atopsyche 101

bispinosa, Betrichia 203

bispinosa, Lepidostoma 309

bispinosa, Sortosa 402

bispinus, Verger 356

biuncifera, Neotrichia 248

biungulata, Metrichia 234

bivittata, Smicridea 164

blahniki, Atopsyche 101

blahniki, Grumichella 318

blahniki, Helicopsyche 81

blahniki, Itauara 51

blahniki, Phylloicus 31

blahniki, Polyplectropus 435

blanca, Ochrotrichia 263

blancasi, Anomalocosmoecus 348

blancasi, Helicopsyche 81

blanchardi, Psilopsyche 410

blantoni, Helicopsyche 81

blantoni, Mejicanotrichia 231

blepharophera, Chimarra 375

Blepharopus [Hydropsychidae] 125

bocaina, Mortoniella 57

bocainae, Alterosa 366

bohio, Calosopsyche 126

bola, Metrichia 234

bolivari, Atopsyche 101

bolivari, Wormaldia 405

bolivianus, Polyplectropus 435

bolivica, Mortoniella 57

boliviense boliviense, Leptonema 137

boliviense plumosum, Leptonema 137

boliviensis, Austrotinodes 38

boliviensis, Contulma 21

boneti, Atopsyche 101

boneti, Chimarra 370

bonita, Atanatolica 315

bonita, Metrichia 234

bonus, Polycentropus 424

boquillas, Ochrotrichia 264

boraceia, Chimarra 375

boraceia, Flintiella 213

boraceia, Grumichella 319

boraceia, Leptonema 138

boraceia, Polycentropus 424

boraceiae, Alterosa 366

borealis, Helicopsyche 81

borinquensis, Xiphocentron 456

boruca, Protoptila 67

bostrychion, Metrichia 234

boteroi, Wormaldia 405

botka, Neotrichia 248

botonia, Neotrichia 248

botosaneanui, Atanatolica 315

botosaneanui, Cariboptila 44

botosaneanui, Leucotrichia 225

brachiata, Orthotrichia 279

brachycerca, Atopsyche 101

brachyrhachos, Mortoniella 58

brachyscolus, Polyplectropus 435

Brachysetodes [Leptoceridae] 317

brachyterga, Apatanodes 99

brachytergum, Australochorema See brachyterga, Apatanodes

braconoides, Chimarra 375

bractea, Ochrotrichia 264

bracteatus, Austrotinodes 38

bracui, Metrichia 235

brailovskyi, Hydroptila 216

branchiatus, Monocosmoecus 353

brasilensis, Polyplectropus 435

brasiliana, Atanatolica 315

brasiliana, Atopsyche See longipennis, Atopsyche

brasiliana, Chimarra 375

brasiliana, Itauara 51

brasiliana, Leucotrichia 225

brasiliana, Notalina 331

brasiliana, Notidobiella 449

brasiliana, Smicridea 165

brasilianus, Rhyacophylax See brasiliana, Smicridea

brasilianus, Smicridea See weidneri, Smicridea

brasiliense, Macrostemum 154

brasiliensis, Antarctoecia 349

brasiliensis, Oxyethira 283

brasiliensis, Tolhuaca 76

braueri, Macrostemum 155

bravoae, Polyplectropus 435

bravoi, Macrostemum 155

brayi, Ochrotrichia 264

brazilia, Helicopsyche 82

braziliensis, Helicopsyche 82

Bredinia [Hydroptilidae] 204

brborichorum, Polyplectropus 435

bredini, Polyplectropus 435

Brethesella [Leptoceridae] 321

brethesi, Nectopsyche 322

brevicornuta, Mastigoptila 54

brevicornutus, Polycentropus 424

brevior, Phylloicus 31

brevipenis, Acostatrichia 192

brevis, Austrotinodes 38

brevispina, Neoatopsyche 119

brevispina, Neotrichia 248

brevitas, Metrichia 235

breviterga, Helicopsyche 82

breviuncata, Smicridea 165

bribri, Protoptila 67

bridarollia, Nectopsyche 326

bridarollina, Oecetis 339

brochophora, Leucotrichia 226

brodzinskyi†, Ochrotrichia 264

bromeliarum, Phylloicus 31

browni, Neotrichia 248

bruchi, Nectopsyche 322

bruchinus, Verger 356

brunneofascia, Nectopsyche 323

brunnescens, Smicridea 165

brunosa, Cailloma 115

brustia, Chimarra 385

buborektala, Acostatrichia 192

buchwaldi, Polyplectropus 435

buenoi, Culoptila 49

buenoi, Mortoniella 58

buenoi, Neotrichia 248

buenorum, Wormaldia 405

bulara, Smicridea 165

bulbosa, Metrichia 235

bulbosa, Rhyacopsyche 296

bulbosa, Smicridea 165

bullata, Neotrichia 248

bunkok, Leptonema 138

bunkotala, Rhyacopsyche 296

burica, Protoptila 67

burmeisteri, Chimarra 375

burmeisteri, Macronema 150

butleri, Chimarra 375

Byrsopteryx [Hydroptilidae] 205

C

caab, Cariboptila 45

caaete, Polycentropus 424

caatinga, Ochrotrichia 264

cacaulandia, Alisotrichia 195

cacha, Cernotina 413

cachoeira, Polycentropus 424

cachonera, Ochrotrichia 264

cadeti, Cernotina 413

caenina, Xiphocentron 457

Caenocentron [Xiphocentronidae] 453

cafetalera, Metrichia 235

Cailloma [Hydrobiosidae] 115

caimita, Ochrotrichia 264

caimitense, Xiphocentron See cubanum caimitense

cainguas, Alisotrichia 195

caissara, Alterosa 366

cajas, Atopsyche 102

calahuaya, Atopsyche 102

calcarata, Ochrotrichia 264

calcariga, Orinocotrichia 278

calcea, Cernotina 413

calceatus, Monocosmoecus 354

calcigena, Cariboptila 45

caldas, Atanatolica 315

caldensis, Contulma 22

calderonae, Wormaldia 405

caldwelli, Smicridea 165

californica, Helicopsyche 82

caligata, Helicopsyche 82

caligata, Smicridea 165

caliginosa, Cernotina 413

caligula, Ochrotrichia 264

callosa, Atopsyche 102

calopa, Atopsyche 102

calopa, Smicridea 165

calori, Chimarra 375

calosa, Calosopsyche 126

Calosopsyche [Hydropsychidae] 125

calva, Chimarra 374

camargoi, Phylloicus 31

camella, Chimarra 375

cameria, Neotrichia 248

campana, Metrichia 235

campana, Oecetis 334

campana, Smicridea 165

campanilla, Ochrotrichia 264

campanum, Leptonema 138

campesina, Oxyethira 283

camposae, Chimarra 376

Campsiophora [Glossosomatidae] 44

camura, Chimarra 376

camuriensis, Helicopsyche 83

cana, Nectopsyche 323

cana, Protoptila 67

canastra, Polyplectropus 435

candida Hagen 1861, Setodes (now Nectopsyche) [extralimital] 327

candida Navás 1923, Leptocella (now Nectopsyche) 327

candida, Nectopsyche 323

canicula, Ochrotrichia 265

canixa, Neotrichia 248

canoaba, Chimarra 376

canoabo, Austrotinodes 38

Canoptila [Glossosomatidae] 43

canosa, Chimarra 372

canossa, Chimarra See canosa, Chimarra

caparaonensis, Alterosa 366

capillata, Clavichorema See capillatum, Clavichorema

capillatum, Clavichorema 116

capillatus, Verger 356

capixaba, Alterosa 366

caquetia, Atopsyche 102

caraca, Metrichia 235

carajas, Flintiella 214

caramba, Ochrotrichia 265

carara, Costatrichia 211

carara, Hydroptila 216

carbetina, Metrichia 235

carbonelli, Cernotina 413

cardela, Protoptila 68

cariba, Smicridea 166

caribea caribea, Chimarra 376

caribea surinamensis, Chimarra 374

caribea tobaga, Chimarra 376

Cariboptila [Glossosomatidae] 44

carinifera, Calosopsyche 127

carinula, Mortoniella 58

carioca, Byrsopteryx 206

carioca, Polycentropus 424

carlibanezae, Oecetis 334

carmentis, Machairocentron 455

carolae, Anchitrichia 200

carolae, Chimarra 376

carolae, Polycentropus 424

carolae, Polyplectropus 436

cartiensis, Smicridea 166

cascada, Chimarra 376

cascada, Culoptila 49

casicus, Polycentropus 424

castilleja, Oecetis 335

castroalvesi, Alterosa 366

catamarcensis, Hydroptila 216

cataracta, Contulma 22

catarina, Lepidostoma 308

catarina, Ochrotrichia 265

catarinae, Alterosa 366

catarinensis, Chimarra 396

catarinensis, Mortoniella 58

catherinae, Atopsyche 102

catherinae, Smicridea 166

cauca, Amphoropsyche 313

cauca, Chimarra 376

caudatum, Microthremma 78

caudicula, Mortoniella 58

caudifera, Zumatrichia 302

cautinensis, Nothotrichia 260

cavitectum, Ochrotrichia 265

caxima, Neotrichia 248

cayada, Neotrichia 248

caymmii, Alterosa 366

cebollati, Angrisanoia 201

ceciliae, Polycentropus 424

ceer, Metrichia 235

cekalovici, Austrotinodes 39

Celaenotrichia [Hydroptilidae] 208

cellare, Leptonema 139

centralis, Chimarra 377

centralus, Phylloicus 30

centrispina, Chimarra 377

centrocubana, Helicopsyche 83

Centromacronema [Hydropsychidae] 128

Cerasmatrichia [Hydroptilidae] 208

Ceratopsyche [Hydropsychidae] 133

Ceratotrichia [Hydroptilidae] 209

cerna, Acostatrichia 192

Cernotina [Polycentropodidae] 411

chacayana, Notidobiella 450

chaconi, Byrsopteryx 206

chalybeoides, Macronema 151

chalybeum, Macronema See chalybeoides, Macronema

chalybeus, Phylloicus 31

championi, Leptonema 138

chana, Neotrichia 249

Charadropsyche [Tasimiidae] 452

charlesi, Polyplectropus 436

charlotta, Itauara 52

charrua, Neotrichia 249

chaulioda†, Ochrotrichia 265

cheesmanae, Leptonema 138

chela, Chimarra 377

cheliceratus, Polycentropus 424

chelifera, Cernotina 413

Cheumatopsyche [Hydropsychidae] 131

chiapa, Ochrotrichia 265

chiapaneca, Cernotina 413

chiapasi†, Xiphocentron 457

chiapense, Leptonema 138

chiapensis, Diplectrona 133

Chiasmoda [Hydropsychidae] 188

chicana, Mortoniella 58

chichotla, Rhyacopsyche 296

chicoana, Smicridea 166

chihuahua, Alisotrichia 195

chihuahua, Austrotinodes 39

chihuahua, Neotrichia 249

chila, Leptonema 138

chilense, Androchorema 98

chilense, Nolganema 121

chilensis, Helicopsyche 83

chilensis, Neoatopsyche 119

chilensis, Neotrichia 249

chilensis, Polycentropus 424

chilensis, Pomphochorema 122

chilensis, Smicridea 162

chilensis, Sortosa 402

chilensis, Triplectides 345

chilensis, Verger 356

chillana, Psilopsyche 410

Chilocentropus [Ecnomidae] 42

chiloeana, Clavichorema See chiloeanum, Clavichorema

chiloeanum, Clavichorema 116

Chiloecia [Sericostomatidae] 447

chimalapa, Chimarra 377

Chimarra [Philopotamidae] 369

Chimarrha [Philopotamidae] 369

Chimarrhodella [Philopotamidae] 400

Chimarrhodes [Philopotamidae] 369

Chimarrita [Philopotamidae] 369

chimpuocllo, Atopsyche 102

chimuru, Atopsyche 103

chinchacamac, Atopsyche 103

chipiriri, Oecetis 334

chiquitica, Alisotrichia 195

chirihuana, Atopsyche 103

chirimachaya, Atopsyche 103

chiriquensis, Helicopsyche 83

chiriquiense, Lepidostoma 308

chiriquiensis, Lepidostoma 308

chiriquiensis, Leucotrichia 226

chiriquiensis, Zumatrichia 302

chirripo, Triaenodes 342

chitaria, Protoptila 68

chloraemus, Macronema 150

choco, Amphoropsyche 313

choco, Atanatolica 316

chocoense, Leptonema 138

chocoensis, Chimarra 377

chocoensis, Helicopsyche 83

cholta, Smicridea 166

choluteca, Protoptila 68

chontala, Protoptila 68

choronica, Atopsyche 103

chorra, Alisotrichia 196

chrismark, Wormaldia 405

chrysosoma, Chimarra 377

Chrysostoma [Sericostomatidae] 450

chysopus, Barypenthus 359

cieneguilla, Ochrotrichia 265

cimarrona, Alisotrichia 196

cinctum, Leptonema 138

cinerascens, Oecetis 334

cinerea, Marilia 360

cingulata, Cernotina 413

cipo, Notalina 331

cipo, Triplectides 345

cipoensis, Chimarra 377

cipoensis, Helicopsyche 83

cipoensis, Polycentropus 425

cira, Atopsyche 103

circaverna, Oxyethira 283

circinata, Alisotrichia 196

circinata, Smicridea 166

circulata, Helicopsyche 83

circulatrix, Metrichia 235

circuliforme, Metrichia 235

cirrifera, Chimarra 377

cirrifera, Oxyethira 284

citra, Ochrotrichia 265

clara, Helicopsyche 83

clarkei, Atopsyche 103

clarus, Polycentropus 425

claudens, Barypenthus 359

clauseni, Polyplectropus 436

clauseni, Triaenodes 342

Clavichorema [Hydrobiosidae] 116

clavicornia, Oecetis 334

claviloba, Chimarra 377

Clistoronia [Limnephilidae] 349

clorito, Leptonema 138

Cnodocentron [Xiphocentronidae] 453

cochleara, Helicopsyche 83

Cochliopsyche [Helicopsychidae] 79

coheni, Chimarra 377

coheni, Leptonema 139

colei, Rhyacopsyche 296

collaris, Cyrnellus 419

collegarum, Mortoniella 58

colmillo, Chimarra 378

colmillosa, Neotrichia 249

colombiana, Rhyacopsyche 296

colombianus, Polyplectropus 436

colombicus, Triplectides 345

colombiensis, Contulma 22

colombiensis, Helicopsyche 83

colombiensis, Neotrichia 249

colombiensis, Oxyethira 284

colombiensis, Polycentropus 428

colombiensis, Protoptila 68

colubrinosa, Rhyacopsyche 296

columbiana, Banyallarga 26

columbiana, Smicridea 166

columbianum, Leptonema 139

columbianus, Rhyacophylax See columbiana, Smicridea

columbicus, Triaenodes 342

comma, Smicridea 166

comosa, Helicopsyche 84

compacta, Ochrotrichia 265

completa, Smicridea 167

complexum, Leptonema 139

complicatissima, Clavichorema See complicatissimum, Clavichorema

complicatissima, Smicridea 167

complicatissimum, Clavichorema 116

complicornuta, Mastigoptila 54

compostella, Smicridea 167

compressa, Cernotina 413

comptum, Plectromacronema 158

concha, Ochrotrichia 265

concolor, Barypenthus 359

Condocerus [Leptoceridae] 320

condylifera, Protoptila 68

conformalis, Ochrotrichia 266

confusa, Ochrotrichia 266

conica, Chimarra 378

conjuncta, Smicridea 167

connata, Oecetis 334

connatus, Polycentropus 425

connori, Neotrichia 249

consimilis, Chimarra 378

constricta, Hydroptila 216

constricta, Ochrotrichia 266

constricta, Oecetis 334

continentalis, Calosopsyche 127

continentalis, Metrichia 236

contrerasi, Neotrichia 249

contrerasi, Ochrotrichia 266

contrerasi, Scelobotrichia 298

contrerasi, Wormaldia 405

contubernalis, Austrotinodes 39

Contulma [Anomalopsychidae] 21

conventica, Atopsyche 103

copayapu, Atopsyche 103

copina, Oxyethira 284

cora, Protoptila 68

cordatus, Phylloicus 31

Cordillopsyche [Polycentropodidae] 433

cordoba, Atopsyche 103

corneolus, Ochrotrichia 266

cornicula, Alisotrichia 196

corniculatum, Parasericostoma 450

corniculatus, Polyplectropus 436

corniculans, Neotrichia 249

cornuta, Chimarra 378

cornuta, Smicridea 167

cornuta, Wormaldia 405

coronata, Smicridea 167

coronatum, Leptonema 139

corosa, Zumatrichia 302

corralita, Smicridea 167

coscaroni, Hydroptila 216

costalis, Polyplectropus 436

costaricensis, Bredinia 204

costaricensis, Chimarra 378

costaricensis, Chimarrhodella 400

costaricensis, Contulma 22

costaricensis, Culoptila 49

costaricensis, Oxyethira 284

costaricensis, Polycentropus 425

costaricensis, Tizatetrichia 299

Costatrichia [Hydroptilidae] 210

costiferum, Amphichorema 98

cotopaxi, Atanatolica 316

cotopaxi, Helicopsyche 84

cranifer, Contulma 22

crassicosta, Stenochorema See crassicostum, Stenochorema

crassicostum, Stenochorema 124

crassifimbriatum, Microthremma 78

crassum, Leptonema of Mosely 1933 See divaricatum, Leptonema

crassum, Leptonema 139

crea, Marilia 361

creagra, Chimarra 378

crena, Chimarra 378

crenatus, Phylloicus 31

crenula, Metrichia 236

crescentis, Mortoniella 58

cressae, Austrotinodes 39

cressae, Chimarra 378

cressae, Costatrichia 211

cressae, Grumichella 319

cressae, Hydroptila 216

cressae, Leptonema 140

cressae, Phylloicus 32

cressae, Polycentropus 425

cressae, Polyplectropus 436

criollo, Polycentropus 425

cristata, Orthotrichia 279

cristata, Protoptila 68

cristatum, Parasericostoma 450

cristula, Protoptila 68

crucecita, Ochrotrichia 266

cruces, Ochrotrichia 266

csiga, Ochrotrichia 266

ctenacantha, Protoptila 68

ctenifer, Limnephilus 351

ctilopsis, Protoptila 68

cubana, Atopsyche 104

cubana, Calosopsyche 127

cubana, Cariboptila 45

cubana, Helicopsyche 84

cubana, Hydroptila 216

cubana, Nectopsyche 323

cubana, Smicridea 167

Cubanoptila [Glossosomatidae] 44

cubanorum, Chimarra 378

cubanum caimitense, Xiphocentron 457

cubanum cubanum, Xiphocentron 457

cubanum orientale, Xiphocentron 457

cubanus, Austrotinodes 39

cubanus, Phylloicus 32

cuchilla, Byrsopteryx 206

cuenca, Metrichia 236

cuernita, Alisotrichia 196

cuernuda, Neotrichia 249

cuernuda, Oxyethira 284

culebra, Oxyethira 284

Culoptila [Glossosomatidae] 48

cultellata, Chimarra 379

cuna, Smicridea 168

cuniapiru, Metrichia 236

cupreosquamosa, Nectopsyche 325

cupreum, Centromacronema 129

cupulifera, Tolhuaca 76

curfmani, Chimarra 379

Curgia [Philopotamidae] 369

curiosa, Protoptila 68

curta, Metrichia 236

curtior, Verger 356

curvata, Hydroptila 217

curvata, Ochrotrichia 266

curvicornuta, Mastigoptila 54

curvipalpia, Helicopsyche 84

curvipenis, Chimarra 379

curvipenis, Smicridea 168

curvispinum, Isochorema 118

cuspidata, Metrichia 236

cuspidatus, Ochrotrichia 267

cuspidatus, Polycentropus 425

cuyensis, Xiphocentron 457

cuyotenango, Triaenodes 342

cuzcoensis, Polyplectropus 436

cyanolenos, Alisotrichia 196

cygnea, Cernotina 413

Cyllene [Hydroptilidae] 245

Cyrnellus [Polycentropodidae] 418

cystophora, Cernotina 413

D

dachiardiorum, Wormaldia 405

dactylonedys, Oxyethira 284

dactylophora, Ochrotrichia 267

Dactylotrichia , [Hydroptilidae] 280

dafila, Lepidostoma 308

dalmeria, Oxyethira 284

dampfi, Atopsyche 104

dampfi, Helicopsyche 84

dampfi, Hydropsyche 134

dampfi, Smicridea 168

dampfi, Wormaldia 405

Dampfitrichia , [Hydroptilidae] 280

danielae, Oecetis 334

danieli, Cernotina 414

darda, Acostatrichia 192

darlingtoni, Calosopsyche 127

darlingtoni, Chimarra 379

davenporti, Bredinia 204

davidsoni, Atopsyche 104

davisi, Leptonema 140

davisorum, Atopsyche 104

davisorum, Pseudostenopsyche 452

davisorum, Streptopsyche 188

dearmasi, Calosopsyche 127

decimlobata, Chimarra 379

declinata, Cernotina 414

decora, Metrichia 236

decora, Smicridea 168

decorata, Nectopsyche 324

decumbens, Cernotina 414

delaca, Protoptila 69

delgada, Ochrotrichia 267

delgadeza, Neotrichia 249

delicatus, Triaenodes 343

delongi, Lepidostoma 308

delrio, Hydropsyche 134

deltoides, Polyplectropus 436

demma, Antillopsyche 444

denaia†, Ochrotrichia 267

denningi, Culoptila 49

denningi, Lepidostoma 308

dentatum, Centromacronema 129

denticulata, Leucotrichia 226

denticulata, Mortoniella 58

denticulus, Polyplectropus 437

dentifera, Smicridea 168

dentisserrata, Smicridea 168

dentoides, Polycentropus 425

dentosa, Chimarra 379

denza, Hydroptila 217

depressa, Cernotina 414

dereka, Zumatrichia 302

desadorna, Oxyethira 284

desiderata, Neoatriplectides 25

desirae, Chimarra 379

diablita, Protoptila 69

diacantha, Rhyacopsyche 296

diakis, Chimarra 379

diamantina, Atopsyche 104

diamphidia, Zumatrichia 302

dianae, Polycentropus 425

dianeae, Leucotrichia 226

diannae, Chimarra 379

diaphanus, Blepharopus 125

diaphora, Chimarra 380

Diaulus [Hydroptilidae] 212

Dicaminus [Hydroptilidae] 212

Dicentropus [Sericostomatidae] 448

dictynnum, Neochorema 120

didii, Neotrichia 249

didyma, Chimarra 380

dientera, Neotrichia 250

dietzi, Ragatrichia 294

difusa, Metrichia 236

digitata, Acostatrichia 192

digitata, Neotrichia 250

digitus†, Antillopsyche 444

digitus, Polycentropus 425

digramma, Macrostemum 155

dikeros, Neotrichia 250

dikrosa, Rhyacopsyche 296

diminuta, Nectopsyche 323

dinamica, Leucotrichia 226

dinocephalum, Parasericostoma 451

diosa, Metrichia 236

Diplectrona [Hydropsychidae] 132

discaelata, Oxyethira 284

discalis, Smicridea 168

discolor, Hudsonema 320

discolor, Limnephilus 351

disjuncta, Helicopsyche 84

disjuncta, Oecetis Smith and Lehmkuhl nec Banks 340

dispar, Smicridea 168

disparilis, Chilocentropus 42

disparilis, Metrichia 236

dissimile, Leptonema 149

distans, Phylloicus 29

distermina, Chimarra 380

disticha, Protoptila 69

ditalea, Hydroptila 217

ditata, Nectopsyche 324

dithyra, Smicridea 169

divaricatum, Leptonema 140

divisa, Smicridea 170

djalmasantosi, Neotrichia 250

doehleri†, Ochrotrichia 267

doesburgi, Oecetis 335

dolabrifera, Chimarra 380

Dolochorema [Hydrobiosidae] 99

dolonis, Mortoniella 58

Dolotrichia, [Hydroptilidae] 245

dombora, Smicridea 169

domingensis, Calosopsyche 128

domingensis, Polycentropus 425

dominguezi, Oecetis 335

dominicana, Atanatolica 316

dominicana, Chimarra 380

dominicana, Helicopsyche 84

dominicana, Hydroptila 217

dominicensis, Bredinia 204

dominicensis, Cerasmatrichia 209

dominicensis, Protoptila 69

dommeli†, Chimarra 380

donamariae, Chimarra 380

doronca, Polycentropus 426

dorsalis, Nectopsyche 323

dorsalis, Orthotrichia 279

dorsata, Wormaldia 405

dorsocurvata, Helicopsyche 85

doublesi, Austrotinodes 39

drepanigerum, Parasericostoma 451

duarte, Smicridea 169

dubitans, Neotrichia 250

dubitans, Protoptila 69

dubitatus, Polyplectropus 437

duckworthi, Chimarra 380

dudosa, Chimarra 381

dulce, Ochrotrichia 267

dumasi, Phylloicus 32

duodecimpunctata, Achoropsyche 312

duplex, Sortosa 402

duplicicornuta, Mastigoptila 54

duplicispina, Rhyacopsyche 296

duplifurcata, Anchitrichia 200

dupliplex, Sortosa 402

durior, Neotrichia 250

dyeri, Leptonema 140

E

eberhardi, Wormaldia 406

echinata, Banyallarga 26

echinata, Contulma 22

echinata, Zumatrichia 302

echinatum, Machairocentron 455

ecliptica, Synoestropsis 189

Ecnomodellina [Polycentropodidae] 433

Ecnomodes [Polycentropodidae] 433

ecornuta, Mastigoptila 54

ecotura, Cernotina 414

ectopium, Lepidostoma 308

ecuadorensis, Contulma 22

ecuadorensis, Notidobiella 450

ecuadoriensis, Polyplectropus 437

ecuatoriana, Ochrotrichia 267

eduardoi, Mortoniella 59

edwardi, Sortosa 402

edwardsi, Celaenotrichia 208

egleri, Triplectides 345

egsera, Smicridea 169

ekisi, Leptonema 140

elachista, Calosopsyche 128

elae, Mastigoptila 54

elata, Oecetis 335

elatus, Oecetis See elata, Oecetis

electra†, Helicopsyche 85

elegans, Phylloicus 32

elektoros, Phylloicus 32

eleutheria, Marilia 361

elia, Chimarra 381

elisae, Smicridea 169

elongata, Marilia 361

elongata, Mortoniella 59

elongata, Neotrichia 250

elongata, Sortosa 403

elongatoides, Sortosa 403

elongatus, Alloecentrellodes 76

elongatus, Nyctiophylax 421

elongatus, Polyplectropus 437

eltera, Metrichia 236

elvesta, Acostatrichia 192

emarginata, Bredinia 204

embia, Chimarra 381

emilia, Itauara 52

emima, Chimarra 381

encera, Polycentropus 426

enchrysa, Mortoniella 59

encrypta, Cernotina 414

endonima, Wormaldia 406

enigmatica, Metrichia 236

enikolah, Leptonema 140

enonis, Cheumatopsyche 131

ensifera, Chimarra 381

ensifera, Protoptila 69

Eosericostoma [Helicophidae] 77

epara, Peltopsyche 293

ephippifer, Smicridea 169

ephippium, Phylloicus 32

erato, Xiphocentron 457

erda, Smicridea 169

erecta, Smicridea 169

erectiloba, Chimarra 382

Eremopsyche [Lepidostomatidae] 307

erichsoni, Macrostemum 155

erigia, Atopsyche 104

erinaceus, Cailloma 115

eroga, Neotrichia 250

erotica, Protoptila 69

escoba, Ochrotrichia 267

escova, Alterosa 366

esmalda, Neotrichia 250

espala, Atopsyche 104

esparta, Byrsopteryx 206

espera, Metrichia 237

esperonis, Wormaldia 406

espinada, Oxyethira 284

espinhosa, Byrsopteryx 207

espinosa, Bredinia 205

espinosa, Chimarra 382

estaquillosa, Mejicanotrichia 231

esterum, Macronema 151

eugnathum, Leptonema 140

euphrosyne, Alisotrichia 196

euryale, Xiphocentron 457

euryphlebia, Synoestropsis 189

Eutonella [Hydroptilidae] 461

evandrus, Xiphocentron 457

excisa, Metrichia 237

excisa, Oecetis 335

excisum, Centromacronema 129

exclamationis, Metrichia 237

exicoma, Neotrichia 250

exilis, Nectopsyche 325

exilis, Polyplectropus 437

Exitrichia, [Hydroptilidae] 245

exophthalma, Nectopsyche 324

exophthalmum, Macronema 151

explanata, Atopsyche 105

exsertus, Polycentropus 426

extensa, Helicopsyche 85

extensum, Centromacronema 129

extensum, Microchorema 119

extensus, Brachysetodes 317

externum, Leptonema 139

extragma, Metrichia 237

extraordinaria, Leucotrichia 226

extrema, Verger 356

eyipantla, Ochrotrichia 267

F

facile, Centromacronema 130

fairchildi, Ceratotrichia 210

fairchildi, Leucotrichia 226

falcata, Alterosa 366

falcata, Cernotina 414

falcicula, Mortoniella 59

falcifera, Neotrichia 251

falciforme, Machairocentron 455

falcigona, Helicopsyche 85

falicia, Oecetis 335

falina, Atopsyche 112

fallaciosa, Cernotina 414

falsa, Leucotrichia 227

farkoska, Neotrichia 251

farofa, Metrichia 237

farri, Phylloicus 32

fasciatella, Smicridea 169

fasiculata, Marilia 361

fasthi, Polycentropus 426

favus, Metrichia 237

fazi, Hudsonema 320

faziana, Pangullia 306

felfela, Hydroptila 217

felfele, Centromacronema 130

felfesa, Zumatrichia 302

felgorba, Ceratotrichia 210

felipe, Ochrotrichia 268

felker, Macrostemum 155

felkurta, Neotrichia 251

felsa, Smicridea 170

fenestrata, Nectopsyche 328

fenestratus, Phylloicus 32

feolai, Neotrichia 251

ferelunatum, Leptonema 140

fernandezi, Chimarra 382

ferni, Ithytrichia 223

Feropsyche [Helicopsychidae] 80

ferrugineum (Navás) 1924, Centromacronema 130

ferrugineum Bueno 1986, Centromacronema 130

ferrugineus, Barypenthus 359

festiva, Nectopsyche 324

fesuka, Zumatrichia 303

fibra, Oecetis 335

figueroai, Smicridea 170

filicata, Smicridea 170

filifera, Neotrichia 251

filiforma, Ochrotrichia 268

filiformis, Cernotina 414

filiformiss, Cernotino See filiformis, Cernotina

filosa, Zumatrichia 303

fimbriata, Acostatrichia 192

fimbriata, Alterosa 367

fimbriata, Chimarra 382

fimbriata, Protoptila 69

fioka, Ochrotrichia 268

fistulata, Helicopsyche 85

fittkaui, Chimarra 382

flagellata, Leptonema 144

flagellata, Ochrotrichia 268

flaminii, Hudsonema 320

flaveola, Grumichella 319

flaveolata, Oecetis 337

flavicoma, Ceratotrichia 210

flavicornis, Polyplectropus 437

flavida, Oecetis 337

flavipes, Grumicha 448

flavipunctata, Sortosa 403

flavofasciata, Nectopsyche 324

flavofuscum, Iguazu 117

flexispina, Protoptila 69

flexuosa, Cernotina 414

flexuosa, Marilia 361

flexura, Ochrotrichia 268

flinti, Alterosa 367

flinti, Amphoropsyche 313

flinti, Atanatolica 316

flinti, Atopsyche 105

flinti, Chimarra 382

flinti, Chimarrhodella 401

flinti, Costatrichia 211

flinti, Helicopsyche 85

flinti, Hydroptila 217

flinti, Itauara 52

flinti, Marilia 362

flinti, Mortoniella 59

flinti, Phylloicus 33

flinti, Rhyacopsyche 296

flinti, Smicridea 170

flinti, Wormaldia 406

flintiana, Alisotrichia 196

flintiana, Ochrotrichia 268

Flintiella [Hydroptilidae] 213

flintorum, Isochorema 118

flintorum, Leptonema 140

flintorum, Polyplectropus 437

flintorum, Triaenodes 343

flintorum, Triplectides 345

florecita, Metrichia 237

florecita, Smicridea 170

florestani, Hydroptila 217

florica, Mortoniella 59

florida, Oxyethira 285

floridana, Oecetis 334

flowersi, Neotrichia 251

fluminensis, Acostatrichia 192

fluminensis, Alterosa 367

fluminensis, Contulma 22

fluminensis, Polycentropus 426

foersteri, Mortoniella 59

fogaka, Neotrichia 251

fogasa, Smicridea 170

fontismoreaui, Metrichia 237

forceps, Metrichia 237

forcipata, Chimarra 382

forcipata, Smicridea 170

forcipatus, Brachysetodes 317

forficulum, Leptonema 141

formosinha, Metrichia 238

forrota, Leucotrichia 227

fortispinus, Polycentropus 426

fortuna, Banyallarga 26

fortunata, Austrotinodes 39

fortunum, Leptonema 141

fortunus, Polycentropus 426

fossilis†, Palaehydropsyche 158

fragile, Macronema 151

fragilis, Macronema See fragile, Macronema

franciscana, Smicridea 170

francovilla, Wormaldia 406

fraterna, Chimarra 393

fraterna, Macronema See fraternum, Macronema

fraternum, Macronema 151

fraternus, Cyrnellus 419

fredycarol, Wormaldia 406

frequens, Smicridea 171

freytagi, Austrotinodes 39

fridae, Helicopsyche 85

frijole, Limnephilus 351

froehlichi, Chimarra 382

froehlichi, Mortoniella 59

froehlichi, Neoatriplectides 25

froehlichi, Notalina 331

froehlichi, Oecetis 335

froehlichi, Polycentropus 426

froehlichi, Smicridea 171

frontale, Lepidostoma 308

frontalis, Ascotrichia 202

frontalis, Triaenodes 343

fugga, Metrichia 238

fulika, Cerasmatrichia 209

fulminea, Leucotrichia 227

fulva, Nectopsyche 324

fulvocapilla, Nectopsyche 326

fulvum, Macronema 151

fumosa, Oecetis 334

fundorai, Alisotrichia 196

furcata, Oecetis 336

furcata, Synoestropsis 189

furcatum, Leptonema 144

furciligerum, Leptonema 141

furesa, Smicridea 171

furthi, Marilia 362

furtiva, Hydroptila 217

fusca, Marilia 361

fusca, Pangullia 306

fusca, Sortosa 402

fuscatus, Polyplectropus 437

fuscifurca, Smicridea 171

fuscomaculata, Nectopsyche 324

fuscomarginatus, Austrotinodes 40

fuscovittatus, Verger 356

fuscum, Xiphocentron 458

G

gabriel, Alisotrichia 196

gadzux, Leptonema 141

gaesum, Polyplectropus 437

galalcha, Chimarra See spinulifera galalcha

galeata, Chimarrhodella 401

galesus, Cnodocentron 454

galharada, Atopsyche 105

galharada, Polycentropus 426

gallardoi, Wormaldia 406

galtena, Zumatrichia 303

garciai, Chimarra 382

garfio, Polycentropus 426

garifosa, Oxyethira 285

garra, Neotrichia 251

garrinchai, Neotrichia 251

garuhape, Ragatrichia 294

gelita, Cheumatopsyche 132

gemina, Smicridea 171

geminata, Metrichia 238

geminata, Oxyethira 285

gemma, Nectopsyche 324

gemmoides, Nectopsyche 325

genuosa, Nectopsyche 324

geolca, Cheumatopsyche 132

geranoides, Chimarra 383

gertschi, Polycentropus 427

giampaolina, Alisotrichia 197

gibba, Chimarra 383

gigas, Marilia 362

gilmari, Neotrichia 251

gilvimacula, Chimarra 383

giovannae, Polycentropus 427

glabra, Helicopsyche 82

glabra, Ochrotrichia 268

gladiator, Smicridea 171

gladiocincta, Australobiosis 114

glasa, Oxyethira 285

globigona, Nectopsyche 325

Glossosoma [Glossosomatidae] 50

Glyphocentron [Xiphocentronidae] 455

goiana, Metrichia 238

goianensis, Notalina 331

goitiai, Protoptila 70

golfitoensis, Helicopsyche 85

gomboska, Metrichia 238

gomezi, Byrsopteryx 207

gomezi, Leucotrichia 227

gomezi, Smicridea 171

gomphotheria, Smicridea 171

gondela, Chimarra 383

gonzalezae, Wormaldia 406

gorba, Zumatrichia 303

gordita, Metrichia 238

gotera, Neotrichia 251

gracilis Banks 1904, Leptocella (now Nectopsyche) 325

gracilis, Marilia 362

gracilis, Nectopsyche 325

gracilis, Pseudostenopsyche 452

gracilis, Triplectides 346

graciosa, Alterosa 367

graciosa, Polycentropus 427

granda, Psilopsyche 410

grandis, Smicridea 172

grandisaccata, Smicridea 172

graniculata, Clistoronia 350

granpiedrana, Helicopsyche 85

graphica, Nectopsyche 329

gregarium, Metachorema 118

grenadensis, Helicopsyche 86

grenadensis, Hydroptila 217

grenadensis, Smicridea 172

gretae, Ochrotrichia 268

grimaldii†, Cariboptila 45

griseola, Gumaga 448

griseum, Lepidostoma 309

griseum, Metachorema 118

griseum, Microthremma 78

griseus, Austrocentrus 77

grisoli, Synoestropsis 189

grisolinum, Leptonema 139

Grumicha [Sericostomatidae] 447

grumicha, Grumicha 448

Grumichella [Leptoceridae] 318

guadaloupe, Triaenodes 343

guadeloupea, Alisotrichia See orophila guadeloupea

guadeloupensis, Helicopsyche 86

guahybae, Anastomoneura 358

guahybae, Mortoniella 59

guaira, Marilia 362

guairica, Mortoniella 60

guajira, Cariboptila 45

guanacasteca, Bredinia 205

guanacasteca, Chimarra 383

guapa, Chimarra 383

guapimirim, Alterosa 367

guara, Helicopsyche 86

guarani, Itauara 52

guarani, Protoptila 70

guata, Protoptila 70

guatemalensis, Chimarra 383

guatemalensis, Polycentropus 427

guatemalum, Leptonema 136

Guerrotrichia, [Hydroptilidae] 246

gula, Zumatrichia 303

Gumaga [Sericostomatidae] 448

gundlachi, Macronema 151

gurneyi, Ochrotrichia 268

guyanae, Polyplectropus 438

guyanense, Leptonema 141

guyanensis, Chimarra 383

guyanensis, Itauara 52

H

haesitationis, Chimarra 383

hispaniola†, Macronema 152

hageni, Helicopsyche 86

hageni, Macronema 151

hagenii, Rhyacopsyche 296

hairouna, Chimarra 384

haitiense, Xiphocentron 458

haitiensis, Antillotrichia See haitiense, Xiphocentron

haitiensis, Helicopsyche 86

haitises, Oecetis 336

hajla, Neotrichia 252

hajla, Smicridea 172

hajtoka, Rhyacopsyche 297

halidus, Polycentropus 427

hamadae, Amazonatolica 312

hamata, Atopsyche 105

hamata, Culoptila 49

hamata, Hydroptila 218

hamatilis, Ochrotrichia 268

hamatus, Polyplectropus 438

hamifer, Limnephilus 352

hamiferus, Polycentropus 427

hamiltoni, Notalina 331

hamiltoni, Polycentropus 427

hamuli, Leptonema 141

hamulifera, Costatrichia 211

hamulus, Polyplectropus 438

hansoni, Phylloicus 33

haraga, Smicridea 172

haranga, Metrichia 238

harma, Flintiella 214

harmas, Ochrotrichia 269

haroma, Zumatrichia 303

harpagum, Leptonema 141

Harpax [Hydrobiosidae] 99

harrisi, Anchitrichia 200

harrisi, Cernotina 414

harrisi, Flintiella 214

harrisi, Mejicanotrichia 232

hasta, Rhyacopsyche 297

hastilis, Cernotina 415

hata, Ochrotrichia 269

hatunpuna, Atopsyche 105

hedamafera, Wormaldia 406

heleios, Neotrichia 252

helenae, Metrichia 238

helenae, Smicridea 172

helicina, Hydroptila 218

helicoidella, Helicopsyche 87

Helicopsyche [Helicopsychidae] 79

heligma, Chimarra 384

heppneri, Chimarra 384

heppneri, Leptonema 141

heredia, Flintiella 214

herrerai, Polyplectropus 438

Hesperophylax [Limnephilidae] 350

Heterochorema [Hydrobiosidae] 117

heveli, Lepidostoma 309

hiaspa, Neotrichia 252

hidala, Cerasmatrichia 209

hidalgoi, Atopsyche 105

hilosa, Oxyethira 285

hinnulus, Atopsyche 105

hintoni, Atopsyche 105

hirsutum, Leptonema 141

hirsutus, Austrocosmoecus 349

hirudopsis aitija, Alisotrichia 197

hirudopsis hirudopsis, Alisotrichia 197

hispaniola†, Macronema 152

hispaniolica, Cariboptila 45

hispaniolina, Alisotrichia 197

hispida, Atopsyche 105

hispida, Leucotrichia 227

Histricoverpa [Calamoceratidae] 26

hodgesi, Mortoniella 60

hodgesi, Triaenodes 343

hoffmannae, Hydroptila 218

hollyae, Polyplectropus 438

holzenthali, Alisotrichia 197

holzenthali, Alterosa 367

holzenthali, Anchitrichia 200

holzenthali, Helicopsyche 87

holzenthali, Marilia 362

holzenthali, Neoathripsodes 330

holzenthali, Phylloicus 33

holzenthali, Polycentropus 427

holzenthali, Polyplectropus 438

holzenthali, Smicridea 172

Homoeoplectron [Calamoceratidae] 28

homora, Smicridea 172

hondurenia, Ochrotrichia 269

hoogstraali, Plectropsyche 159

horga, Smicridea 172

horgoska, Neotrichia 252

hornitos, Triaenodes 343

hossa, Hydroptila 218

hosulaba, Acostatrichia 193

hozosa, Oxyethira 285

huacachaca, Atopsyche 105

huacapuncu, Atopsyche 106

huachacuyac, Atopsyche 106

huainacapac, Atopsyche 106

huallaripa, Atopsyche 106

huamachucu, Atopsyche 106

huamantincoae, Marilia 362

huanapu, Atopsyche 106

huanucu, Atopsyche 106

huarcu, Atopsyche 106

huasteca, Protoptila 70

huava, Protoptila 70

Hudsonema [Leptoceridae] 320

huenga, Atopsyche 107

huismanae, Leptonema 141

humerosa, Marilia 362

hyadesi, Monocosmoecus 353

hyalina, Hydropsyche See hyalinum, Macrostemum

hyalina, Oxyethira 285

hyalinum var. Ulmer 1907, Macronema See ulmeri, Macrostemum

hyalinum var. Ulmer 1913, Macronema See erichsoni, Macrostemum

hyalinum, Macrostemum 156

hybrida, Smicridea 172

Hydropsyche [Hydropsychidae] 133

Hydroptila [Hydroptilidae] 215

hymenochilus, Polyplectropus 438

hyoeides, Chimarra 384

hystricosa, Mortoniella 60

hystricosus, Polyplectropus 438

I

iana, Atopsyche 107

iara, Oecetis 336

ibarrai, Lepidostoma 309

ibarrai, Polycentropus 427

icona, Hydroptila 218

ideolus, Cnodocentron 454

Igazu See Iguazu

ignera, Protoptila 70

igrapiuna, Ochrotrichia 269

Iguazu [Hydrobiosidae] 117

iguazu, Oecetis 336

iguazu, Smicridea 172

ikonnikovi, Atopsyche 107

ildria, Ochrotrichia 269

ilionea, Xiphocentron 458

illiesi, Anomalocosmoecus 348

illiesi, Nothotrichia 260

illobia, Mayatrichia 231

imberti, Wormaldia 406

imitator, Leucotrichia 227

immaculata, Chimarra 384

immaculata, Macronema See immaculatum, Macronema

immaculatum, Cnodocentron 454

immaculatum, Macronema 152

implexa, Atopsyche 107

impluviatus, Verger 356

inaequispina, Eosericostoma 77

inaequispina, Oxyethira 285

inaequispina, Smicridea 173

inappendiculata, Alterosa 367

inarmata, Smicridea 173

inarmatus, Polyplectropus 438

inbio, Austrotinodes 40

inca, Leptonema 142

inca, Wormaldia 407

incatupac, Atopsyche 107

inchoata, Chimarra 384

incipens, Chimarra 384

incisa, Helicopsyche 87

inconspicua, Oecetis 336

indefinida, Ochrotrichia 269

Indusia [†] [Limnephilidae] 10

inermis, Notidobiella 450

inflata, Chimarra 384

inflata, Oecetis 337

inflaticornis, Leucotrichia 227

infundibulum, Marilia 362

ingloria, Ochrotrichia 269

inops, Leucotrichia 227

inornata, Contulma 22

inornata, Hydroptila 218

inornata, Oecetis 337

insignis, Wormaldia 407

inspiratum, Leptonema 142

insulanum, Leptonema 142

insulare, Xiphocentron 458

insularis, Amphoropsyche 313

insularis, Ochrotrichia 269

insularis, Polycentropus 427

insularis, Polyplectropus 438

interclusus, Barypenthus 359

intermedia, Ochrotrichia 269

intermedium, Leptonema 142

interrupta, Leucotrichia 227

interrupta, Neotrichia 252

intersecta, Cernotina 415

intervales, Alterosa 367

intervales, Mortoniella 60

intervena, Nectopsyche 325

intortigona, Neotrichia [nomen nudum] 255

intortilis, Ochrotrichia 269

intraspira, Rhyacopsyche 297

inusitatus, Polycentropus 428

involuta, Ochrotrichia 270

ipixuna, Costatrichia 211

iridescens, Mortoniella 60

iridescens, Neotrichia 252

iridescens, Phylloicus 33

irregularis, Atopsyche 107

irroratum, Leptonema 142

irwini, Austrotinodes 40

irwini, Chimarra 384

isela, Wormaldia 407

islamarga, Leptonema See islamarga, Smicridea

islamarga, Smicridea 174

islena, Ochrotrichia 270

ismetla, Neotrichia 252

Isocentropus [Limnephilidae] 353

Isochorema [Hydrobiosidae] 117

Isochorema†, junior homonym [Hydrobiosidae] 117

itabaiana, Metrichia 238

itatiaia, Polycentropus 428

itatiaia, Triplectides 346

itatiaiae, Alterosa 367

Itauara [Glossosomatidae] 51

Ithytrichia [Hydroptilidae] 223

ixcateopana, Ochrotrichia 270

ixtala, Protoptila 70

ixtlahuaca, Lepidostoma 309

ixtlahuaca, Ochrotrichia 270

izabala, Chimarra 384

J

jaba, Atopsyche 107

jaffuelli, Triplectides 346

jamaicae, Metrichia See kumanskii jamaicae

jamaicensis, Cariboptila 45

jamaicensis, Chimarra 384

jamaicensis, Oxyethira 286

jamaicensis, Polycentropus 428

jamaicensis, Smicridea 173

jamapa, Culoptila 49

jamesii, Itauara 52

janella, Oxyethira 286

janethae, Atopsyche 107

janolah, Leptonema 142

janstockiana, Amphoropsyche 314

janzeni, Chimarra 385

japoda, Atopsyche 107

jarochita, Neotrichia 252

jaula, Neochorema 120

jeldesi, Polycentropus 428

jemima, Chimarra 385

jenseni, Nectopsyche 325

jimena, Rhyacopsyche 297

jobbra, Ceratotrichia 210

joergenseni, Polycentropus 428

jolandae, Ochrotrichia 270

jolandae, Protoptila 70

jonssoni, Ochrotrichia 270

jordaensis, Alterosa 368

jordanensis, Notalina 331

Jörgenseni, Polycentropus See joergenseni, Polycentropus

jorobada, Metrichia 238

juana, Metrichia 238

juarox, Wormaldia 407

jugescens, Chimarra 385

julia, Itauara 52

juliae, Chimarra 385

juliae, Polyplectropus 438

julieta, Protoptila 70

julus, Xiphocentron 458

jundiai, Smicridea 173

juntada, Neotrichia 252

jureia, Grumichella 319

K

kagyla, Betrichia 203

kalaom, Helicopsyche 87

kamakan, Atopsyche 107

kamakan, Xiphocentron 458

kamesa, Atopsyche 108

kampa, Neotrichia 253

kampoka, Neotrichia 253

kampoka, Smicridea 173

kana, Smicridea 173

kanalas, Centromacronema 130

kantala, Alisotrichia 197

kanukarum, Polyplectropus 439

kanukua, Alisotrichia 197

kapara, Smicridea 173

karenae, Kumanskiella 224

karikatla, Hydroptila 219

karima, Hydroptila 219

karukerae, Smicridea 173

kateae, Leucotrichia 228

kehelia, Neotrichia 253

Kelleyella , [Hydroptilidae] 280

kerek, Oxyethira 286

kerekeda, Zumatrichia 303

ketaga, Ochrotrichia 270

ketaguka, Neotrichia 253

ketarca, Ochrotrichia 270

ketleben, Macronema 152

ketos, Leptonema 142

kettes, Ochrotrichia 270

ketvilla, Acostatrichia 193

kevera, Alisotrichia 197

kihara, Acostatrichia 193

kilambe, Triaenodes 343

kingi, Atopsyche 108

kingsolveri, Marilia 362

kingsolveri, Polyplectropus 439

kingstona, Helicopsyche 87

kisgula, Zumatrichia 303

kislaba, Zumatrichia 303

kjeri, Protoptila 70

knulli, Lepidostoma 309

knutsoni, Oecetis 337

kocka, Metrichia 238

koki, Chimarra 385

kolbiana, Psilopsyche 410

kontilos, Chimarra 385

kovera, Smicridea 174

koztesa, Zumatrichia 303

Kumanskiella [Hydroptilidae] 224

kumanskii jamaicae, Metrichia 239

kumanskii kumanskii, Metrichia 239

kunbenorum, Leptonema 142

kurta, Neotrichia 253

kurtika, Neotrichia 253

kurtitva, Neotrichia 253

kuscheli, Verger 357

kylistos, Polyplectropus 439

L

labafura, Ochrotrichia 270

labiatus, Austrotinodes 40

labios, Neotrichia 253

lacandona, Hydroptila 219

lacanha, Smicridea 174

lacanja, Smicridea See lacanha, Smicridea

lacertina, Neotrichia 253

lachlani, Macronema 152

lacinatum, Lepidostoma 309

lacuna, Metrichia 239

lacuniferum, Leptonema 142

lacustris, Chiloecia 447

ladislavii, Dicaminus 213

Lagenopsyche, [Hydroptilidae] 280

laguna, Chimarra 385

lagunita, Oxyethira 286

lahontanensis, Nectopsyche 326

lambda, Helicopsyche 87

laminatus, Polyplectropus 439

lanceolata, Cernotina 415

lanceolata, Contulma 22

laneblina, Helicopsyche 87

langleyae, Chimarra 386

lapa, Zumatrichia 303

laposka, Leucotrichia 228

lara, Helicopsyche 87

larica, Microchorema 119

larimar, Ochrotrichia 270

lasia, Cheumatopsyche 132

lata, Chimarra 386

latchani, Verger 357

laterale, Parasericostoma 451

lateralis, Marilia 362

laterospina, Protoptila 70

laticula, Cernotina 415

latiforceps, Chimarra 386

latior, Austrotinodes 42

latipala, Smicridea 174

latipalpis, Alisotrichia 197

latispina, Mortoniella 60

latum, Macronema See latus, Phylloicus

latus, Phylloicus 35

lauglo, Wormaldia 407

lausus, Cnodocentron 454

lavinia, Xiphocentron 458

lazzariae, Helicopsyche 87

lazzarii, Cernotina 415

lebena, Smicridea 174

leccii, Grumichella 319

leechi, Lepidostoma 309

leei, Mortoniella 60

lefela, Neotrichia 253

legeza, Ochrotrichia 270

legezoa, Smicridea 174

Leiochiton, [Hydroptilidae] 300

leloga, Flintiella 214

leloga, Smicridea 174

lemeza, Angrisanoia 202

lemeza, Smicridea 174

lemniscata, Metrichia 239

lenophora, Metrichia 239

leona, Ochrotrichia 271

leonensis, Neotrichia 253

leonilae, Lepidostoma 309

leonilae, Protoptila 71

Lepidostoma [Lepidostomatidae] 307

Leptocella [Leptoceridae] 321

Leptocellodes [Leptoceridae] 318

Leptonema [Hydropsychidae] 135

lerma, Leucotrichia 228

leroda, Mortoniella 60

Leucotrichia [Hydroptilidae] 224

lewalleni, Helicopsyche 88

lewisi, Nectopsyche 326

lezarda, Zumatrichia 303

lilicae, Atopsyche 108

limeirai, Ochrotrichia 271

Limnephilus [Limnephilidae] 351

limnophilus, Verger 358

limon, Chimarra 386

limona, Mortoniella 60

limonensis, Ochrotrichia 271

limpia, Leucotrichia 228

linabena, Helicopsyche 88

lineaticorne, Leptonema 142

lineatum, Macronema 152

lineatus, Austrotinodes 40

linguata, Helicopsyche 88

lingulatus, Polycentropus 428

linterna, Alisotrichia 197

liqua, Protoptila 71

lisae, Plectromacronema 158

lithus, Limnephilus 352

lituratus, Phylloicus 33

llaviuco, Phylloicus 33

lobata, Alisotrichia 197

lobata, Chimarra 386

lobata, Helicopsyche 88

lobata, Neotrichia 253

lobata, Smicridea 174

lobatum, Microthremma 78

lobatus, Rhyacophylax See lobata, Smicridea

lobifera, Ochrotrichia 271

lobiferum, Neochorema 120

lobiferum, Xiphocentron 458

lobisomem, Cernotina 415

lobosa, Atopsyche 108

lobulifera, Rheochorema See lobuliferum, Rheochorema

lobuliferum, Rheochorema 123

locula, Protoptila 71

lodora, Costatrichia 211

logana, Ochrotrichia 271

loja, Byrsopteryx 207

lojaense, Leptonema 143

lojaensis, Chimarra 386

longicornuta, Mastigoptila 54

longipenis, Oxyethira 286

longipenne, Psilochorema See longipennis, Atopsyche

longipennis, Atopsyche 108

longipilosa, Mystacopsyche 410

longiscapa†, Cariboptila 45

longispina, Cernotina 415

longispina, Metrichia 239

longispina, Mortoniella 61

longispina, Ochrotrichia 271

longispina, Zumatrichia 304

longispinata, Protoptila 71

longispinosa, Oxyethira 287

longispinosus, Polycentropus 429

longispinum, Austrotinodes 40

longissima, Cernotina 415

longissima, Hydroptila 219

longissima, Metrichia 239

longissima, Neotrichia 254

longissima, Oxyethira 287

longissimus, Hydroptila See longissima, Hydroptila

longistyla, Betrichia 203

longiterga, Chimarra 386

longitudinis, Metrichia 239

lonquimaya, Verger 356

lorada, Protoptila 71

Lorotrichia, [Hydroptilidae] 246

lourditae, Smicridea 174

loxana, Banyallarga 27

Loxinum [Philopotamidae] 400

Loxotrichia , [Hydroptilidae] 280

luanae, Oxyethira 287

lucia, Chimarra 389

lucia, Protoptila 71

lucidula, Cailloma 115

lucinda, Itauara 52

lucipeta, Nectopsyche 326

lucrecia, Neotrichia 254

lucumon, Machairocentron 455

luma, Wormaldia 407

luna, Metrichia 239

lunatum, Leptonema 143

lupita, Ochrotrichia 271

luquillo, Chimarra 371

lustrica, Helicopsyche 82

lutea, Cernotina 415

lutea, Helicopsyche 88

luteipenne, Macronema 152

lutzi, Verger 357

lutzinus, Monocosmoecus 353

M

macacu, Leptonema 143

macae, Alisotrichia 198

macara, Chimarra 386

macarenica, Mortoniella 61

machadoi, Chimarra 386

machadorum, Wormaldia 407

Machairocentron [Xiphocentronidae] 454

macherophora, Chimarra 386

machiguenga, Ochrotrichia 271

macilenta, Protoptila 71

maclachlani, Tupiniquintrichia 300

Mac-Queeni, Psilopsyche See macqueeni, Psilopsyche

macqueeni, Psilopsyche 411

macrocera, Trichovespula 453

macrocerca, Atopsyche 108

Macronema [Hydropsychidae] 149

Macronemum [Hydropsychidae] 149

macrophallata, Metrichia 239

Macrostemum [Hydropsychidae] 154

macrosterna, Oxyethira 287

macrostylus, Polycentropus 422

maculata, Smicridea 161

maculatum, Leptonema 143

maculatum, Macrostemum 155

maculatus, Phylloicus 33

maculatus, Polyplectropus 439

maculipennis, Nectopsyche 326

maculisternum, Helicopsyche 88

macuta, Mortoniella 61

madicola, Metrichia 240

madininae, Austrotinodes 40

madre, Metrichia 240

madremia, Cariboptila 46

maesi, Polyplectropus 439

maesi, Wormaldia 407

maga, Ochrotrichia 271

magas, Leptonema 143

magdalenae, Smicridea 175

magellanica, Rheochorema See magellanicum, Rheochorema

magellanicum, Rheochorema 123

Magellomyia [Limnephilidae] 355

magna, Metrichia 240

magna, Smicridea 177

magnipinnata, Smicridea 175

magnus, Hesperophylax 350

magnus, Phylloicus 34

magnus, Rhyacophylax See magna, Smicridea

maitacapac, Atopsyche 108

maiteae, Xiphocentron 459

majada, Atopsyche 108

major, Atopsyche 108

major, Brachysetodes 317

major, Marilia 363

major, Phylloicus 34

majuscula, Chimarra 386

malada, Metrichia 240

maldonadoi, Chimarra 387

malica, Protoptila 71

malickyi, Neotrichia 254

mammillatus, Cyrnellus 419

manabi, Atanatolica 316

manabiensis, Bredinia 205

manauara, Flintiella 214

mancocapac, Atopsyche 109

mandeba, Cernotina 415

mandibulatum, Leptonema 143

mangaratiba, Smicridea 175

manicata, Synoestropsis 189

manopla, Neotrichia 254

manu, Osflintia 340

manuensis, Ochrotrichia 272

manuensis, Polyplectropus 439

manzanara, Smicridea 175

mara, Protoptila 71

marcanoi, Polycentropus 429

margaritae, Chimarra 387

margaritena, Neotrichia 254

margaritensis, Helicopsyche 96

marginalis, Cyrnellus 419

maria, Neotrichia 254

marica, Ochrotrichia 272

marica, Zumatrichia 304

marighellai, Hydroptila 219

Marilia [Odontoceridae] 360

marini, Mortoniella 61

marinonii, Alterosa 368

maritza, Chimarra 387

maritza, Hydroptila 219

maritza, Oecetis 337

marlieri, Smicridea 175

marqua, Protoptila 71

marquesi, Oecetis 337

martinae, Oecetis 338

martinica, Smicridea 175

martinmoselyi, Chimarra 388

martorelli, Hydroptila 219

marua, Smicridea 175

maryae, Oxyethira 287

masa, Zumatrichia 304

masafuera, Verger 357

masatierra, Verger 357

masinca, Leptonema 143

maskara, Zumatrichia 304

maskoska, Zumatrichia 304

maspeluda, Oecetis 338

mastelleri, Cernotina 415

mastigion, Leptonema 143

Mastigoptila [Glossosomatidae] 53

matadero, Oxyethira 287

matagalpa, Smicridea 175

matagalpa, Wormaldia 407

matancilla, Smicridea 175

matatlanticus, Polyplectropus 439

mathisi, Alisotrichia 198

mathisi, Cariboptila 46

mathisi, Marilia 363

mathisi, Neotrichia 254

mathisi, Polycentropus 429

mathisi, Polyplectropus 439

matthewsi, Macronema 152

matthiasi, Notalina 331

matthiasi, Rhyacopsyche 297

maxi, Atopsyche 109

maya, Limnephilus 352

maya, Neotrichia 254

maya, Ochrotrichia 272

maya, Oxyethira 287

mayana, Protoptila 71

mayanum, Leptonema See simulans mayanum

mayanus, Polycentropus 429

Mayatrichia [Hydroptilidae] 230

maycoba, Ochrotrichia 272

mayucapac, Atopsyche 109

maza, Hydroptila 219

mechuda, Metrichia 240

medena, Smicridea 175

mederi†, Cariboptila 46

mediana Banks 1905, Wormaldia (now Chimarra) 373

mediana McLachlan 1878, Wormaldia 373

medinai, Hydroptila 219

medioloba, Cernotina 416

medioloba, Chimarra 387

medius, Phylloicus 34

meginca, Leptonema 143

Mejicanotrichia [Hydroptilidae] 231

melanochaeta, Helicopsyche 88

melleopicta, Leucotrichia 228

meloi, Contulma 22

meloi, Mortoniella 61

membrana, Ochrotrichia 272

menchuae, Wormaldia 407

mendocensis, Smicridea 177

menkei, Leptonema 143

meralda, Hydroptila 219

meralda, Mortoniella 61

merengue, Chimarra 387

merga, Oxyethira 287

merida, Helicopsyche 89

meridensis, Smicridea 176

meridiensis, Polycentropus 429

meridionalis, Verger 355

Merionoptila [Glossosomatidae] 55

mesembrina, Smicridea 176

mesodonta, Chimarra 387

Mesotrichia, [Hydroptilidae] 280

messapus, Xiphocentron 459

meta, Metrichia 240

Metachorema [Hydrobiosidae] 118

Metacosmoecus [Limnephilidae] 353

metlacensis, Oecetis 338

Metrichia [Hydroptilidae] 232

mexicana†, Antillopsyche 445

mexicana, Atopsyche 109

mexicana, Banyallarga 27

mexicana, Bredinia 205

mexicana, Chimarra 387

mexicana, Helicopsyche 89

mexicana, Hydropsyche See mexicanus, Polycentropus

mexicana, Hydroptila 220

mexicana, Ithytrichia 223

mexicana, Marilia 363

mexicana, Mortoniella 61

mexicana, Oecetis 338

mexicana, Rhyacopsyche 297

mexicana, Wormaldia See mexicana, Chimarra

mexicanum, Lepidostoma 309

mexicanus, Austrotinodes 40

mexicanus, Limnephilus 352

mexicanus, Phylloicus 34

mexicanus, Polycentropus 429

mexicanus, Triaenodes 343

mexico, Hesperophylax 350

mexico, Xiphocentron 459

Mexipsyche [Hydropsychidae] 133

Mexitrichia [Glossosomatidae] 55

mezencius, Xiphocentron 459

micans, Oecetis 337

michaelseni, Verger 357

michelbacheri, Sortosa 403

michoacanense, Leptonema 143

mickeli, Cheumatopsyche 132

Microchorema [Hydrobiosidae] 118

microps, Marilia 363

microsaccata, Smicridea 176

Microsiphon, [Hydroptilidae] 245

Microthremma [Helicophidae] 78

mignonae, Polyplectropus 440

milenae, Atopsyche 109

mina, Protoptila 72

minca, Chimarra 387

mincana, Smicridea 176

minensium, Polyplectropus 440

minera, Metrichia 240

minero, Polycentropus 429

minga, Chimarra 388

minima Flint 1972, Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) 176

minima, Helicopsyche 89

minimajada, Atopsyche 109

minima, Smicridea 176

minimus, Cyrnellus 419

minor, Marilia 363

minor, Monocosmoecus 354

minuscula, Helicopsyche 89

minuscula, Smicridea 176

minuta, Anomalopsyche 21

mirama, Smicridea 176

mirebalina, Oxyethira Botosaneanu 1991 291

mirebalina, Oxyethira 287

mirifica, Byrsopteryx 207

mirnae, Smicridea 176

misionensis, Atopsyche 109

misionensis, Cyrnellus 420

misionensis, Marilia 363

misionensis, Oxyethira 288

misionensis, Protoptila 72

misionensis, Triplectides 346

misolha, Hydroptila 220

misolja, Polyplectropus 440

mixta, Nectopsyche 325

mixteca mixteca, Protoptila 72

mixteca veracruzensis, Protoptila 72

mixteco, Polycentropus 429

mnesteus, Xiphocentron 459

mobilensis, Neotrichia 254

mocoi, Oxyethira 288

modesta, Marilia 363

modesta, Nectopsyche 326

modestus, Verger 357

modica, Hydroptila 220

moesta, Chimarra 388

moesta, Verger 356

molesta, Helicopsyche 89

molinai, Psilopsyche 411

mollicula, Banyallarga 27

moncho, Triaenodes 343

moncho, Xiphocentron 459

monda, Helicopsyche 90

monicae, Amphichorema 98

monneorum, Phylloicus 34

Monocosmoecus [Limnephilidae] 353

monotona, Triplectides 346

monsonorum, Wormaldia 408

montana, Helicopsyche 90

montanensis, Culoptila 49

monticola, Nectopsyche 326

monticolus, Phylloicus 34

morai, Triaenodes 343

morato, Alterosa 368

morio, Chimarra 388

morsei, Marilia 363

morsei, Notalina 331

Mortoniella [Glossosomatidae] 55

moselyi Denning 1947, Chimarra 388

moselyi Ross 1956, Chimarra 388

moselyi, Atanatolica 316

moselyi, Culoptila 49

moselyi, Leptonema 144

mosleyi, Ochrotrichia 272

Muangpaipsyche [Glossosomatidae] 44

mucronata, Smicridea 176

muelleri, Atopsyche 109

muelleri, Grumichella 319

muelleri, Helicopsyche 90

muelleri, Macronema 152

muelleri, Nectopsyche 326

muellita, Alisotrichia 198

muhni, Nectopsyche 326

muhnia, Oecetis 335

muhnianus, Nyctiophylax 421

mulata, Cariboptila 46

mulleri, Helicopsyche See muelleri, Helicopsyche

mülleri, Macronema See muelleri, Macronema

multidens, Smicridea 177

multilineata, Nectopsyche 327

multipunctatus, Triplectides 347

multisetosa, Zumatrichia 304

multispinosa, Amphoropsyche See woodruffi multispinosa

munieca, Metrichia 240

munozi, Chimarra 388

munozi, Mortoniella 61

munozi, Nothotrichia 260

munozi, Phylloicus 34

Murielia [Calamoceratidae] 28

murina, Myotrichia 449

murina, Smicridea 177

Musarna [Odontoceridae] 359

mutica, Leucotrichia 228

mutila, Oecetis 335

mutisi, Rhyacopsyche 297

muybonita, Cariboptila 46

muyupampa, Atanatolica 316

mycterophora, Chimarra 388

Myotrichia [Sericostomatidae] 449

myriamae, Protoptila 72

Mystacides [Leptoceridae] 321

Mystacopsyche [Philorheithridae] 410

N

naevosum, Leptonema 144

nahuatl, Culoptila 49

nahuatl, Smicridea 177

nanay, Notalina 332

nanda, Smicridea 177

napo, Amphoropsyche 314

napoa, Helicopsyche 90

napoensis, Neotrichia 254

narifer, Hydroptila 220

narifer, Polyplectropus 440

nasuta, Chimarra 388

navarroae, Wormaldia 408

navasi, Nectopsyche 327

nayaritensis, Polyplectropus 440

nea, Pangullia 306

neadelphus, Leptonema 144

neblina, Alisotrichia 198

neblina, Chimarra 388

neblinense, Leptonema 144

neblinensis, Austrotinodes 40

neblinensis, Helicopsyche 90

neblinensis, Polycentropus 429

neblinus, Triplectides 346

nebulosus, Polycentropus 429

necator, Smicridea 177

necopina, Metrichia 240

Necrotaulius [†] [† Necrotaulidae] 10

Nectopsyche [Leptoceridae] 321

neglecta, Oxyethira 286

negrense, Macrostemum 156

negroensis, Neotrichia 254

nelkula, Zumatrichia 304

nelsonferreirai, Costatrichia 211

nemorosa, Smicridea 177

nemtompa, Smicridea 178

Neoathripsodes [Leptoceridae] 330

Neoatopsyche [Hydrobiosidae] 119

Neoatriplectides [Atriplectididae] 24

Neoatriplectides sp. 25

Neochorema [Hydrobiosidae] 120

Neodinarthrum [Lepidostomatidae] 307

neofimbriata, Chimarra 388

neoleonensis, Hydroptila 220

Neoleptonema [Hydropsychidae] 135

neolobosa, Atopsyche 109

Neonotalina [Leptoceridae] 330

Neopsilochorema [Hydrobiosidae] 121

Neotrichia [Hydroptilidae] 245

neotropicalis, Atopsyche 109

neotropicalis, Metrichia 240

neotropicalis, Nyctiophylax 421

neotropicalis, Tricholeiochiton 300

neotropicus, Triplectides 346

nesidion, Xiphocentron 459

nesiotes, Neotrichia 254

nessimiani, Alisotrichia 198

nessimiani, Alterosa 368

neuquenensis, Schajovskoya 123

nevada, Contulma 22

nevadus, Triplectides 347

nhundiaquara, Betrichia 203

nica, Banyallarga 27

nicaragua, Ochrotrichia 272

nicaraguensis, Polyplectropus 440

nicaraguensis, Triaenodes 343

nicehuh, Chimarra 389

nielseni, Austrotinodes 40

nigerrima, Smicridea 178

nigra, Atanatolica 316

nigra, Chimarrhodella 401

nigra, Helicopsyche 89

nigrescens, Marilia 363

nigricans, Smicridea 178

nigricapilla, Nectopsyche 327

nigriceps, Polycentropus 429

nigridentata, Cernotina 416

nigrifrons, Centromacronema 130

nigripenne, Centromacronema 130

nigripennis, Phylloicus 35

nigripennis, Smicridea 178

nigripennis, Triplectides 347

nigrisensilla, Helicopsyche 90

nigritta, Metrichia 241

nigrofasciatus, Metacosmoecus 353

nigrum, Macrostemum 156

niltonsantosi, Neotrichia 255

nimmoi, Ochrotrichia 272

nisus, Xiphocentron 458

nivea Hagen 1861, Setodes (now Nectopsyche) [extralimital] 327

nivea Navás 1920, Leptocella (now Nectopsyche) 327

nivea, Atanatolica 316

niveistigma, Centromacronema 129

nivosa, Smicridea 176

nivosus, Rhyacophylax See nivosa, Smicridea

nobsca, Marilia 363

noite, Costatrichia 211

Nolga [Limnephilidae] 353

Nolganema [Hydrobiosidae] 121

nordenskioeldii, Antarctoecia 349

nordestina, Atanatolica 316

Nosopus [Lepidostomatidae] 307

Nostrafila [Limnephilidae] 355

Notalina [Leptoceridae] 330

noteuna, Neotrichia 255

Nothotrichia [Hydroptilidae] 260

Notidobiella [Sericostomatidae] 449

Notiomyia [Calamoceratidae] 28

novafriburgensis, Polyplectropus 440

novamexicana, Hydropsyche 134

novara, Neotrichia 255

nowaczyki, Metrichia 241

nubestre, Leptonema 144

nublensis, Brachysetodes 317

numanus, Xiphocentron 459

nusagandia, Hydroptila 220

Nyctiophylax [Polycentropodidae] 420

nygmosum, Leptonema 144

nyultka, Oxyethira 288

O

oaxaca, Chimarra 389

oaxacense, Lepidostoma 310

oaxacensis, Centromacronema 130

oaxacensis, Triaenodes 344

oaxaquensis, Polyplectropus 440

oberdorffi, Oecetis 338

obesa, Smicridea 178

obliqua, Cernotina 416

obliqua, Neoatopsyche 120

obliqua, Rhyacopsyche 297

obliqua, Smicridea 178

obliqua, Synoestropsis 189

obliquus, Alloecentrellodes 76

obliquus, Phylloicus 35

obliquus, Verger 357

oblongata, Ochrotrichia 272

obovata, Ochrotrichia 272

obscura, Chimarra 389

obscura, Helicopsyche 90

obscura, Oxyethira 288

obscurum, Centromacronema 130

obtecta, Ochrotrichia 273

obtusus, Monocosmoecus 354

obtusus, Polycentropus 430

occidentale, Helicopsyche 90

occidentalis, Betrichia 203

occidentalis, Hydropsyche 134

ocellata, Anomalopsyche 21

ochracea, Mystacopsyche 410

ochraceum, Leptonema 140

Ochrotrichia [Hydroptilidae] 261

ochthephila, Helicopsyche 91

ocosingua, Helicopsyche 91

ocreata, Scotiotrichia 75

octospina, Smicridea 178

oculatum, Centromacronema 130

odonta, Cernotina 416

odonta, Chimarra 389

Oecetina [Leptoceridae] 332

Oecetinella [Leptoceridae] 332

Oecetis [Leptoceridae] 332

okanoganensis, Ochrotrichia 273

oldala, Ochrotrichia 273

oldalia, Neotrichia 255

Olemira [Lepidostomatidae] 307

olens, Monocosmoecus 354

olivacea, Smicridea 178

oliveri†, Antillopsyche 445

olmos, Leptonema 144

olorina, Neotrichia 255

olvidada, Protoptila 72

onchyrhina, Chimarra 389

onima, Chimarra 389

onorei, Atopsyche 109

onyx, Nectopsyche 327

opalescens, Helicopsyche 91

opinionis, Mortoniella 61

orejona, Neotrichia 255

orellanai, Oxyethira 288

orgaosensis, Alterosa 368

orientale, Xiphocentron See cubanum orientale

orientalis, Atopsyche 109

Orinocotrichia [Hydroptilidae] 278

orlandoi, Neotrichia 255

ormina, Mortoniella 62

ornata, Chimarrhodella 401

ornata, Nectopsyche 327

ornatus, Phylloicus 30

orophila guadeloupea, Alisotrichia 198

orophila orophila, Alisotrichia 198

orophila, Cariboptila 46

orotina orotina, Protoptila 72

orotina raposa, Protoptila 72

Orthotrichia [Hydroptilidae] 279

ortizi, Nectopsyche 327

ortiziana, Chimarra 389

ortizorum, Oxyethira 288

osa, Hydroptila 220

Osflintia [Leptoceridae] 340

oslari, Hydropsyche 134

ostina, Wormaldia 407

ostoroska, Ochrotrichia 273

otarosa, Angrisanoia 202

Otarrha [Philopotamidae] 369

otuzcoensis, Chimarra 389

ovale, Parasericostoma 451

ovalis, Chimarra 390

ovis, Itauara 52

ovona, Neotrichia 255

oxima, Neotrichia 255

Oxyethira [Hydroptilidae] 280

Oxytrichia , [Hydroptilidae] 280

P

pablito, Chimarra 390

pachacamac, Atopsyche 110

pachacutec, Atopsyche 110

pacharurac, Atopsyche 110

pacifica, Ochrotrichia 273

pacuara, Mortoniella 62

padera, Leucotrichia 228

padrenavasi, Nectopsyche 327

pakitza, Metrichia 241

palaedominicana†, Chimarra 390

Palaehydropsyche † [Hydropsychidae] 158

palaenova†, Chimarra 390

palaeoelegans†, Calosopsyche 128

palida, Metrichia 241

palifera, Smicridea 178

paliferum, Macronema 152

palitla, Neotrichia 256

palitla, Ochrotrichia 273

pallas, Cnodocentron 454

pallida, Cernotina 416

pallida, Flintiella 214

pallidivittata, Smicridea 179

pallidum, Leptonema 144

palma, Neotrichia 256

palma, Wormaldia 408

palmar, Smicridea 179

palmara, Zumatrichia 304

palmata, Ochrotrichia 273

palmatiloba, Anchitrichia 201

palmitus, Polycentropus 430

paluguillensis, Contulma 23

pamelae, Neotrichia 256

pampeana, Smicridea 179

pampena, Smicridea See pampeana, Smicridea

panama, Nothotrichia 260

panamensis, Alisotrichia 198

panamensis, Atanatolica 316

panamensis, Austrotinodes 41

panamensis, Costatrichia 212

panamensis, Flintiella 214

panamensis, Mortoniella 62

panamensis, Ochrotrichia 273

panamensis, Phylloicus 35

panamensis, Polyplectropus 440

pandeirosa, Helicopsyche 91

Pangullia [Kokiriidae] 306

pantosticta, Nectopsyche 327

papallacta, Contulma 23

papillata, Mortoniella 62

paprockevi, Wormaldia 408

paprockii, Alterosa 368

paprockii, Grumichella 319

paprockii, Helicopsyche 91

paprockii, Phylloicus 35

paprockii, Polycentropus 430

par, Macrostemum 156

parabullata, Neotrichia 256

Parachorema [Hydrobiosidae] 121

paracreagra, Chimarra 390

paradelphae, Polyplectropus 440

paradenza, Hydroptila 220

paradoxa, Cariboptila 46

paradoxicum, Heterochorema 117

paraenchrysa, Mortoniella 62

paraguaiensis, Helicopsyche 91

paraguaiensis, Mortoniella 62

paraguayensis, Austrotinodes 41

parahageni, Helicopsyche 91

paraldama, Ochrotrichia 273

paralineata, Mortoniella 62

parallelipipeda, Notidobiella 450

parana, Chimarra 390

paranaensis, Alterosa 368

parander, Streptopsyche 188

paranensis, Oecetis 338

paranensis, Smicridea 179

parany, Neotrichia 256

parany, Smicridea 179

paraortiziana, Chimarra 390

Paraprotoptila [Glossosomatidae] 55

pararusia, Culoptila 49

Parasericostoma [Sericostomatidae] 450

parati, Grumichella 319

Paratrichia [Hydroptilidae] 201

parauna, Atopsyche 110

parauna, Mortoniella 62

paraunota, Mortoniella 62

parazteca, Oxyethira 288

parce, Oxyethira 288

parene, Chimarra 390

parentum, Xiphocentron 459

parhuzam, Hydroptila 220

paria, Chimarra 390

paria, Chimarrhodella 401

parihuana, Atopsyche 110

parilis, Chimarra 391

parishi, Oecetis 339

paritentacula, Oxyethira 288

particeps, Chimarra 391

partita, Hydropsyche 134

partitum, Macronema 152

parva, Chimarra 375

parvula, Oecetis 337

parvum, Macronema 152

paschia, Hydroptila 220

passulatus, Phylloicus 35

patagonica, Metrichia 241

patagonica, Verger 355

patagonicum, Microthremma 78

patinae, Smicridea 179

patosa, Chimarra 391

patula, Oecetis 338

patulosa, Ochrotrichia 273

paucartambo, Phylloicus 35

paucartampu, Atopsyche 110

paucispina, Chimarra 391

paucispina, Helicopsyche 91

paulista, Notalina 332

pavida, Nectopsyche 327

paxilla, Alisotrichia 198

paxillifera, Sortosa 403

paysandu, Polyplectropus 440

pectinata, Leucotrichia 228

pectinata, Ochrotrichia 274

pectinella, Mortoniella 62

pectinifera, Ochrotrichia 274

pectinifera, Sortosa 403

pedernales, Polycentropus 430

pedicillata, Synoestropsis 190

pedophila, Cariboptila 46

peineta, Chimarra 391

pelaezi, Chimarra 391

pelei, Neotrichia 256

Pellopsyche [Hydropsychidae] 160

Peltopsyche [Hydroptilidae] 293

peltopsychodes, Eutonella 461

peluda, Metrichia 241

penai, Atanatolica 316

penai, Banyallarga 27

penai, Contulma 23

penai, Microchorema 119

penai, Smicridea 179

peniai, Parasericostoma 451

penicillata, Charadropsyche 453

penicillata, Metrichia 241

pennyi, Macronema 153

pequenita, Neotrichia 256

peravia, Atopsyche 110

percitans, Macronema 153

perdida, Protoptila 72

perija, Helicopsyche 92

perija, Phylloicus 35

perlucida†, Atopsyche 110

pernambucana, Metrichia 242

perpendicularis, Cernotina 416

perpendicularis, Polyplectropus 441

persimilis, Chimarra 391

pertyi, Macronema 153

peruana, Chimarra 391

peruana, Helicopsyche 92

peruana, Smicridea 179

peruanus, Rhyacophylax See peruana, Smicridea

peruanus, Triaenodes 344

peruensis, Itauara 52

peruviana, Chimarra 391

peruviana, Chimarrhodella 401

peruviana, Oecetis 338

peruviana, Oxyethira 289

peruviana, Rhyacopsyche 297

peruvianus, Polyplectropus 441

pesae, Cernotina 416

pescaderum, Clavichorema 116

petasata, Smicridea 180

petei, Oxyethira 289

petersorum, Chimarra 391

petrae, Polyplectropus 441

petricola, Chimarra 392

peytoni, Chimarra 392

Phanopsyche [Lepidostomatidae] 307

philo, Hydropsyche 134

phraterus, Polycentropus 430

phthanorossi, Chimarra 392

phyllisae, Protoptila 72

Phylloicus [Calamoceratidae] 28

piacha, Protoptila 72

picada, Austrotinodes 41

picada, Neotrichia 256

picana, Polycentropus 430

picea, Chimarra 392

picigula, Zumatrichia 304

picita, Oxyethira 289

picteli, Macronema 153

picteti, Macronema See picteli, Macronema

pictipes, Leucotrichia 228

picuda, Metrichia 242

pietia, Helicopsyche 92

pika, Acostatrichia 193

pilcomayo, Atopsyche 110

pilcopata, Bredinia 205

pilcopata, Chimarrhodella 401

piliferosa, Chimarra 392

piliferum, Leptonema 144

pillimpilli, Clavichorema 116

pinarenia, Neotrichia 256

pinotepa, Leptonema 145

pintada, Xiphocentron 459

pinula, Cheumatopsyche 132

pioneira, Centromacronema 130

pipila, Smicridea 180

pirapo, Phylloicus 35

piraya, Chimarra 392

piraya, Smicridea 180

pirioni, Hudsonema 320

pirioni, Verger 357

piroa, Helicopsyche 92

piscicaudum, Xiphocentron 460

pitella, Plectropsyche 159

pitu, Metrichia 242

pizotensis, Flintiella 214

Placocentropus [Polycentropodidae] 421

planae, Wormaldia 408

planata, Helicopsyche 92

plancki, Atopsyche 110

planorboides, Helicopsyche 92

platigona, Metrichia 242

Platycosmoecus [Limnephilidae] 354

platyrhina, Chimarra 392

plaumanni, Acostatrichia 193

plaumanni, Chimarra 392

plaumanni, Itauara 53

plaumanni, Phylloicus 35

Plectromacronema [Hydropsychidae] 158

Plectropsyche [Hydropsychidae] 159

plicatum, Leptonema 145

plumosum, Leptonema See boliviense plumosum

plutonis, Chimarra 389

pluviale, Lepidostoma 310

poapi, Oxyethira 289

poblana, Ochrotrichia 274

pochutla, Smicridea 180

pocita, Mortoniella 63

Podomacronema [Hydropsychidae] 158

poeyi, Leptonema 145

poinari†, Cariboptila 47

polemon, Xiphocentron 460

poliochaeta, Helicopsyche 92

pollex, Chimarra 392

pollux, Limnephilus 352

polyacinata, Alterosa 368

Polycentropus [Polycentropodidae] 421

polyfasciata, Smicridea 180

polygramma, Macronema 150

polylepidum, Lepidostoma 310

Polyplectropus [Polycentropodidae] 433

Polytrichia [Hydroptilidae] 261

Pomphochorema [Hydrobiosidae] 122

ponta, Ochrotrichia 274

poolei, Chimarra 392

poquita, Cariboptila 47

pora, Ochrotrichia 274

porteri, Verger 357

potosi, Chimarra 393

potosina, Hydroptila 221

potosina, Metrichia 242

poujadi, Grumichella 319

powelli, Tinodes 446

poyanawa, Centromacronema 131

praecipua, Streptopsyche 188

pratherae, Polyplectropus 441

pratti, Oecetis 338

presilla, Oxyethira 289

pretiosella, Nectopsyche 326

priapo, Ochrotrichia 274

priapulus, Phylloicus 33

primerana, Protoptila 72

primula, Chimarra 393

princeps, Triplectides 346

probolophora, Smicridea 180

proboscidea, Neotrichia 257

procera, Tupiniquintrichia 300

proditus, Polycentropus 442

producta, Hydroptila 221

profaupar, Polyplectropus 441

profunda, Scelobotrichia 298

prolata, Chimarra 393

prolata, Metrichia 242

prolixa, Metrichia 242

prolixa, Sortosa 403

prolixa, Wormaldia 408

prolixum, Xiphocentron 460

prolixus, Austrotinodes 41

prolongata, Oecetis 338

propinqua, Helicopsyche 92

propinqua, Mortoniella 63

prorigera, Smicridea 180

Protarra [Philopotamidae] 400

protera, Smicridea 180

Protoptila [Glossosomatidae] 66

protrudens, Metrichia 242

protrusa, Oecetis 339

protuberans, Chimarra 393

provo, Tinodes 446

pseudoamazonica, Oecetis 339

pseudocinctum, Leptonema 145

pseudoinconspicua, Oecetis 339

pseudolobata, Smicridea 180

Pseudomacronema [Hydropsychidae] 160

pseudomeralda, Hydroptila [nomen nudum] 217

pseudopatagonica, Metrichia 242

pseudopiacha, Protoptila 73

Pseudoradema [Hydrobiosidae] 122

pseudoradula, Smicridea 180

Pseudosericostoma [Helicophidae] 79

Pseudosetodes [Leptoceridae] 332

Pseudostenopsyche [Stenopsychidae] 452

pseudostigmosum, Leptonema 145

Psilopsyche [Philorheithridae] 410

pucara, Smicridea 181

puertoricensis, Chimarra 393

puertoricensis, Oxyethira 289

pugiunculatus, Polyplectropus 441

puharcocha, Atopsyche 110

pulchella, Grumichella 319

pulcher, Monocosmoecus 354

pulcherrimus, Monocosmoecus 354

pulchra†, Cernotina 416

pulchra, Chimarra 393

pulchrus, Phylloicus 36

pulestoni, Hydroptila 221

pulgara, Neotrichia 257

pulgara, Ochrotrichia 274

pullatum, Macrostemum 157

pumida, Cailloma 115

pumila, Chimarra 393

pumila, Mortoniella 63

punctata, Nectopsyche 328

punctata, Oecetis 339

punctipennis, Oecetis 339

punctipennis, Synoestropsis 190

punctulata, Chimarra 390

punensis, Mortoniella 63

puposa, Ochrotrichia 274

purgatoria, Clavichorema See purgatorium, Clavichorema

purgatorium, Clavichorema 116

puri, Cernotina 416

purisca, Chimarra 393

purpurea, Cariboptila 47

pusilla, Chimarra 393

pusilla, Mortoniella 63

puya, Chimarra 394

puyana, Ochrotrichia 274

puyoa, Helicopsyche 93

puyoensis, Polyplectropus 441

pygmaeum, Centromacronema 131

pylaea, Chimarra 394

Q

qosqo, Triplectides 347

quadrata, Metrichia 242

quadratiterga, Chimarra 394

quadriappendiculatus, Polycentropus 430

quadricuspidis, Polycentropus 430

quadridigitatus, Phylloicus 36

quadrifidus, Brachysetodes 317

quadrifurca, Centromacronema 129

quadrifurcata, Chimarra 394

quadrispina, Austrotinodes 41

quadrispinosus, Polycentropus 430

quadrispinus, Verger 357

quadrosa, Helicopsyche 93

quasi, Ochrotrichia 274

quaternaria, Chimarra 394

quatuorguttata, Nectopsyche 328

quebrada, Amphoropsyche 314

quebrada, Ochrotrichia 274

quechua, Atanatolica 316

quelinda, Oxyethira 289

quemada, Scelobotrichia 299

quicha, Protoptila 73

quila, Lepidostoma 310

quina, Chimarra 394

quincemil, Banyallarga 27

quinealensis, Ochrotrichia 275

quinoi, Protoptila 73

quinquaginta, Oxyethira 289

quinuas, Mortoniella 63

quiramae, Oxyethira 289

quitacalzon, Chimarra 394

quitacalzon, Phylloicus 36

R

radiale, Leptonema 139

radula, Smicridea 181

rafaeli, Metrichia 243

rafaeli, Oecetis 339

rafita, Chimarra 394

rafita, Leptonema 145

ragada, Ragatrichia 295

Ragatrichia [Hydroptilidae] 294

ralphi, Smicridea 181

ramona, Ochrotrichia 275

ramosi, Helicopsyche 93

ramosum, Leptonema 145

ramosum, Macrostemum 156

ramulorus, Triplectides 346

rancura, Mortoniella 63

ranea, Neotrichia 259

raposa, Ochrotrichia 275

raposa, Protoptila See orotina raposa

rara, Mejicanotrichia 232

rara, Smicridea 181

rareza, Oxyethira 289

rarus, Smicridea See rara, Smicridea

rastrilla, Hydroptila 221

rawlinsi, Atopsyche 111

rawlinsi, Metrichia 243

rawlinsi, Streptopsyche 188

rayada, Byrsopteryx 207

rayneri, Rhyacophila 447

real, Amphoropsyche 314

recintoi, Microchorema 119

recta, Austrotinodes 41

rectangulare, Lepidostoma 310

rectispina, Australochorema See rectispinum, Apatanodes

rectispinum, Apatanodes 99

recurvatus, Austrotinodes 41

recurvatus, Polyplectropus 441

redonda, Chimarra 394

redunca, Mortoniella 63

redunca, Oxyethira 290

redunca, Smicridea 181

refugia, Amphoropsyche 314

regina, Ochrotrichia 275

regiomontana, Ochrotrichia 275

regulare, Xiphocentron 460

reimoseri, Lepidostoma 310

reinburgi, Macronema 153

reinerti, Smicridea 181

rentzi, Helicopsyche 93

repanda, Leucotrichia 229

repula, Smicridea 174

resela, Smicridea 181

resinacapta†, Setodes 341

resinae†, Chimarra 394

resolda, Protoptila 73

reticulatus, Blepharopus 125

retrorsa, Chimarra 394, 395

rhamnes, Xiphocentron 460

rhamphisa, Rhyacopsyche 298

Rhamphocentron [Xiphocentronidae] 455

rhamphodes, Chimarra 395

rhamphoides, Zumatrichia 304

Rheochorema [Hydrobiosidae] 122

rhino, Lepidostoma 310

rhomba, Leucotrichia 229

Rhyacophila [Rhyacophilidae] 446

Rhyacophylax [Hydropsychidae] 160

Rhyacopsyche [Hydroptilidae] 295

Rhynchopsyche [Kokiriidae] 306

Rhyncorheithrus [Stenopsychidae] 452

rianus, Cyrnellus 420

ridleyi, Chimarra 395

riita, Smicridea 181

rinconi, Atopsyche 111

Rioptila [Hydroptilidae] 194

riosanjuanensis, Cernotina 416

riostoumae, Leucotrichia 229

riparia, Neotrichia 257

risi, Cyrnellus 420

ritae, Oxyethira 290

riva, Metrichia 243

rizona, Chimarra 381

robacki, Polyplectropus 441

robertsonae, Polyplectropus 442

robusta, Rheochorema See robustum, Rheochorema

robustum, Rheochorema 123

robustus, Triplectides 346

rodmani, Itauara 53

rodmani, Mortoniella 64

rodmani, Polyplectropus 442

roldani, Mortoniella 64

rona, Metrichia 243

rondoniensis, Polyplectropus 442

rono, Hydroptila 221

roraima, Notalina 332

roraimense, Smicridea 182

rosalesi, Chimarra 395

rosalysae, Polycentropus 431

rosarius, Polycentropus 430

rosenbergi, Leptonema 145

rossi, Chimarra 395

rostrata, Grumichella 319

rostratum, Leptonema 145

rota, Protoptila 73

rothi, Limnephilus 352

rothi, Ochrotrichia 275

rotunda, Cailloma 115

rotundata, Neotrichia 257

rovatka, Betrichia 203

rovidka, Acostatrichia 193

rovira, Mortoniella 64

rualda, Mayatrichia 231

rubemarini, Cailloma 116

rubiginosum, Macronema 153

rufipes, Barypenthus 359

rufum, Parasericostoma 451

ruginasa, Smicridea 182

rugoka, Alisotrichia 198

ruiteri, Neotrichia 257

ruizi, Mastigoptila 54

ruiziana, Psilopsyche 410

ruschii, Alterosa 368

rusia, Culoptila 50

S

saboriorum, Wormaldia 409

sacculifera, Metrichia 243

sagitta, Oecetis 337

sagittoides, Chimarrhodella 401

sagittosa, Phylloicus 35

sala, Neotrichia 257

salada, Neotrichia 257

salta, Marilia 364

salta, Protoptila 73

salta, Smicridea 182

saltena, Culoptila 50

saltuum, Xiphocentron 460

saluda, Zumatrichia 305

salvini, Leptonema 145

sana, Contulma 23

sanblasensis, Helicopsyche 93

sanchezi, Banyallarga 27

sancta, Contulma 23

sanctaeteresae, Alterosa 368

sancticaroli, Leptonema 146

sanctipauli, Alterosa 369

sanctipauli, Atopsyche 111

sandrae, Calosopsyche 128

Santae Ritae, Macronema See santaeritae, Macrostemum

santaeritae, Macrostemum 156

santateresae, Polycentropus 431

santiaga, Mortoniella 64

santiagensis, Oxyethira 290

santiago, Polyplectropus 442

santosi, Leptonema 146

sarandi, Polycentropus 431

sarita, Leucotrichia 229

sarkos, Hydroptila 221

sarkoska, Smicridea 182

sarla, Smicridea 182

sarophora, Chimarra 395

sarvaka, Smicridea 182

sattleri, Smicridea 182

sauca, Hydroptila 221

saucia, Smicridea 182

savegra, Metrichia 243

scaeodactyla, Oxyethira 290

scalaris, Helicopsyche 93

scaloida†, Helicopsyche 93

Scelobotrichia [Hydroptilidae] 298

schadrackorum, Alterosa 369

Schajovskoya [Hydrobiosidae] 123

schiza, Chimarra 395

schmidi Denning 1965, Atopsyche 102

schmidi Sykora 1991, Atopsyche 109

schmidi, Alisotrichia 198

sclerothrix, Xiphocentron 460

scoparia, Oecetis 339

scopula, Chimarra 395

scopula, Sortosa 403

scopulina, Oxyethira 290

scopuloides, Chimarra 395

Scotiotrichia [Glossosomatidae] 75

scudderi, Marilia 364

scutellaris, Smicridea 182

secunda†, Isochorema 117

securigera, Chimarra 396

sedmani, Austrotinodes 41

segninii, Atopsyche 111

seiba, Ochrotrichia 275

selanderi, Helicopsyche 93

selva, Bredinia 205

selvatica, Hydroptila 221

sencilla, Metrichia 243

sencilla, Oxyethira 290

sensillata, Chimarra 396

sepala, Smicridea 182

separata, Metrichia 243

separata, Nectopsyche 328

septemlobata, Chimarra 396

septempunctata, Byrsopteryx 207

septifera, Chimarra 396

septifera, Helicopsyche 93

serestus, Xiphocentron 460

serica, Atopsyche 111

serra, Ochrotrichia 275

serrana, Ochrotrichia 275

serranum, Leptonema 146

serratum, Leptonema 146

serrei, Nectopsyche 323

sesquipedalis, Metrichia 243

setigera, Alisotrichia 199

setipes, Verger 355

Setodes [Leptoceridae] 341

setosa, Chimarra 396

sexspinosa, Cernotina 417

sexspinosa, Smicridea 183

shimigaya, Orthotrichia 280

shorti, Rhyacopsyche 298

sicilicula, Hydroptila 222

sicilicula, Neotrichia 257

sicula, Mortoniella 64

sidneyi, Leucotrichia 229

sieboldii, Peltopsyche 294

sierruca, Oxyethira 290

sigillata, Helicopsyche 94

signata, Smicridea 183

silex, Polycentropus 431

silva, Ochrotrichia 276

silvestrinum, Leptonema 139

silviae, Oecetis 340

sima, Zumatrichia 305

simanka, Oxyethira 290

similis, Metrichia 243

similis, Mortoniella 64

simla, Mortoniella 64

simmonsi, Smicridea 183

simples, Metrichia 244

simplex, Costatrichia 212

simplex, Itauara 53

simplex, Leptonema 146

simplex, Protoptila 73

simpliciforma, Chimarra 396

simplississimum, Pseudosericostoma 79

simulans mayanum, Leptonema 146

simulans simulans, Leptonema 146

simulans, Acostatrichia 193

simulatrix cubana, Oxyethira 290

simulatrix, Oxyethira 290

sinchicurac, Atopsyche 111

singri, Hydroptila 222

singri, Smicridea 183

singulare, Helicopsyche 94

sinistra, Oxyethira 291

sinosa, Cernotina 417

sinuatum, Leptonema 146

sinuatum, Neochorema 120

sinuosa, Cernotina 417

sinuata, Helicopsyche 94

sioli, Marilia 364

siolii, Atopsyche 111

siolii, Macrostemum 157

sirena, Smicridea 183

siva, Chimarra 372

Smicridea [Hydropsychidae] 160

smilodon, Smicridea 183

sociale, Leptonema 147

socialis, Atopsyche 111

sociata, Apatanodes 99

sokaga, Neotrichia 257

soleaferrea, Neotrichia 257

solex, Hydropsyche 134

solidus, Limnephilus 352

solisi, Byrsopteryx 207

solisi, Chimarra 396

solitaria, Diplectrona 133

soltera, Cariboptila 47

soniae, Polycentropus 431

sonora, Alisotrichia 199

sonora, Metrichia 244

sordida, Oecetis 340

soroa, Chimarra 396

sortetla, Zumatrichia 305

Sortosa [Philopotamidae] 402

soyatepecana, Smicridea 183

spada, Hydroptila 222

spangleri, Anchitrichia 201

spangleri, Ascotrichia 202

spangleri, Bredinia 205

spangleri, Chimarra, Bueno 396

spangleri, Chimarra, Trivette ms. See pablito, Chimarra

spangleri, Hydroptila 222

spangleri, Leptonema 147

spangleri, Marilia 364

spangleri, Protoptila 73

sparsa, Nectopsyche 324

sparsum, Leptonema 147

spatulata, Chimarra 397

speciosum, Leptonema 147

spectabilis, Phylloicus 36

spectabilis, Sortosa 403

spegazzinia, Nectopsyche 328

sperryi, Atopsyche 111

Sphagocentron [Xiphocentronidae] 455

spica, Metrichia 244

spicatus, Polycentropus 431

spicula, Chimarra 381

spiculifer, Polyplectropus 442

spiesae, Alterosa 369

spiloma, Nectopsyche 329

spina, Ochrotrichia 276

spinifera, Acostatrichia 193

spinifera, Amphoropsyche 314

spinifera, Costatrichia 212

spinifera, Sortosa 403

spinigera, Cernotina 417

spinosa Mosely 1931, Atopsyche See iana, Atopsyche

spinosa, Atopsyche 112

spinosa, Cerasmatrichia 209

spinosa, Contulma 23

spinosella, Neoatopsyche 120

spinosella, Sortosa 403

spinosior, Cernotina 417

spinosissima, Ochrotrichia 276

spinosissima, Pseudoradema See spinosissimum, Pseudoradema

spinosissimum, Pseudoradema 122

spinosula, Marilia 364

spinosus, Brachysetodes 318

spinosus, Verger 357

spinula, Ochrotrichia 276

spinulacolis, Phylloicus 36

spinulata, Mortoniella 64

spinulata, Ochrotrichia 276

spinulifera baoruco, Chimarra 397

spinulifera galalcha, Chimarra 397

spinulifera spinulifera, Chimarra 397

spinulosa, Ochrotrichia 276

spinulosa, Smicridea 184

spinulum, Leptonema 147

spira, Ochrotrichia 276

spiralis, Itauara 53

spirifera, Protoptila 73

spirillum, Leptonema 147

spirogyrae, Oxyethira 291

spirula, Hydroptila 222

spissa, Oxyethira 291

splendida, Nectopsyche 329

squalus, Polyplectropus 442

squamata, Mortoniella 64

squamigera, Metrichia 244

squamosa, Peltopsyche 294

stannardi, Cernotina 417

steffeni, Xiphocentron 460

steinhauseri, Lepidostoma 310

stella, Itauara 53

stellata, Amphoropsyche 314

stellula, Chimarra 381

Stenochorema [Hydrobiosidae] 124

stenopterus, Verger 358

stenotum, Xiphocentron 460

stictonota, Synoestropsis 190

stigmata, Verger 356

stigmatica, Nectopsyche 329

stigmaticum, Leptonema 147

stigmosum, Leptonema 148

stilula, Mortoniella 65

straminea, Chimarra 397

strepsicera, Protoptila 73

Streptopsyche [Hydropsychidae] 187

strobilina, Zumatrichia 305

strongyla, Chimarra 397

studiosorum, Macronema 153

sturmi, Xiphocentron 460

stylata, Ochrotrichia 276

subaequale, Macrostemum 157

subapicalis, Cernotina 417

subfuscum, Plectromacronema 158

subtropicalis, Anomalocosmoecus 348

succincta, Helicopsyche 94

succini†, Chimarra 397

sucrensis, Bredinia 205

sucrensis, Helicopsyche 94

sucusaria, Neotrichia 257

sudara, Smicridea 184

sugens, Pseudostenopsyche 452

suguioi, Indusia [†] 10

sunima, Chimarra 397

superbus, Phylloicus 36

surinamense, Macrostemum 157

surinamense, Xiphocentron 461

surinamensis, Ascotrichia 202

surinamensis, Hydroptila 222

surinamensis, Polycentropus 431

sylvana, Banyallarga 27

Synoestropsis [Hydropsychidae] 188

T

tabasquensis, Byrsopteryx 207

tachira, Helicopsyche 94

tachuela, Chimarra 397

tacuarembo, Nyctiophylax 421

taeniata, Cernotina 417

tagala, Ochrotrichia 276

tagola, Orinocotrichia 279

taina, Atopsyche 112

tajo, Triaenodes 344

talamanca, Atopsyche 112

talamanca, Contulma 23

talamanca, Protoptila 74

talamanca, Smicridea 184

talamanca, Triaenodes 344

talamancense, Lepidostoma 310

talan, Centromacronema 131

talcana, Austrotinodes 42

taleola, Nectopsyche 329

talhada, Metrichia 244

tamandua, Oxyethira 291

tamaulipasa, Flintiella 214

tamaza, Mejicanotrichia 232

tamba, Chimarra 398

tampurimac, Atopsyche 112

tandayapa, Amphoropsyche 314

tanylobosa, Rhyacopsyche 298

Tanytrichia , [Hydroptilidae] 280

tapada, Acostatrichia 193

tapadas, Helicopsyche 94

tapanti, Atopsyche 112

tapanti, Banyallarga 27

tapanti, Byrsopteryx 207

tapanti, Chimarra 398

tapanti, Chimarrhodella 401

tapanti, Contulma 23

tapanti, Culoptila 50

tapanti, Lepidostoma 311

tapanti, Leptonema 148

tapanti, Mortoniella 65

tapanti, Nectopsyche 329

tapanti, Smicridea 184

tapanti, Triaenodes 344

tapantia, Leucotrichia 229

taquaralis, Austrotinodes 42

tarahumara, Protoptila 74

tarasca, Smicridea 184

tarasca, Wormaldia 409

tarascanica, Culoptila 50

Taraxitrichia [Hydroptilidae] 299

tarpeia, Machairocentron 455

tarquon, Xiphocentron 461

tarsalis, Ochrotrichia 277

tauricornis, Neotrichia 258

taurina, Mortoniella 65

tavola, Smicridea 184

teapa, Zumatrichia 305

techila, Protoptila 74

tega antillularum, Oxyethira 291

tega tega, Oxyethira 291

teixeirai, Oxyethira 292

temascalapensis, Metrichia 244

temora, Helicopsyche 94

tenanga, Ochrotrichia 277

tenuispina, Rheochorema See tenuispinum, Rheochorema

tenuispinum, Rheochorema 123

tenuivirga, Alisotrichia 199

tepui, Triplectides 347

tere, Metrichia 244

teresae, Chimarra 398

teribe, Zumatrichia 305

termitiformis, Leucotrichia 229

ternatia, Protoptila 74

tertia, Neotrichia 258

testacea, Banyallarga 27

Tetanonema [Helicopsychidae] 79

Tetracentron [Leptoceridae] 344

tetraespinosa, Alisotrichia 199

tetravittata, Protoptila 74

teucrus, Machairocentron 455

teutona, Mortoniella 65

teutonia, Neotrichia 258

texana, Chimarra 398

textor, Lepidostoma 311

thalia, Alisotrichia 199

thallina, Nectopsyche 329

thelidomus, Helicopsyche 95

therezieni, Smicridea 183

thermophila, Smicridea 184

thilus, Polyplectropus 442

thirysae, Metrichia 244

tholloni, Leptonema 148

thomasi, Atopsyche 112

thoracica, Culoptila 50

tica, Byrsopteryx 207

tica, Contulma 23

tica, Leptonema 148

tica, Oxyethira 292

tica, Protoptila 74

tico, Triaenodes 344

ticumanensis, Protoptila 74

tijuca, Contulma 23

timbira, Helicopsyche 95

timouchela, Alisotrichia 199

tina, Smicridea 184

tincuracu, Atopsyche 112

Tinodes [Psychomyiidae] 445

Tipulitides [†] 10

tirabuzona, Neotrichia 258

titschacki, Smicridea 184

tiza, Alisotrichia 199

Tizatetrichia [Hydroptilidae] 299

tlaloc, Atopsyche 112

tobada, Smicridea 184

tobaga, Chimarra See caribea tobaga

tobaga, Hydroptila 222

tobagoensis, Chimarrhodella 401

toblet, Macronema 153

tocajoma, Wormaldia 409

tojana, Protoptila 74

Tolhuaca [Glossosomatidae] 75

tollas, Leptonema 148

tompa, Neotrichia 258

tompagula, Zumatrichia 305

topora, Acostatrichia 193

torpa, Smicridea 185

tortuosa, Chimarra 398

torulosa, Rhyacopsyche 298

torza, Oxyethira 292

toschiae, Hydropsyche 134

toussianti, Limnephilus 352

tragularius, Polyplectropus 443

traini, Oecetis 340

trancasica, Clavichorema See trancasicum, Clavichorema

trancasicum, Clavichorema 116

tranquilla, Mortoniella 65

travertinera, Smicridea 185

tregala, Smicridea 185

tremenda, Macronema 153

Triaenodes [Leptoceridae] 341

triangula, Metrichia 244

triangularis, Austrotinodes 42

triangularis, Marilia 364

tricalcaratus, Phylloicus 36

tricarinata, Neopsilochorema See tricarinatum, Neopsilochorema

tricarinatum, Neopsilochorema 121

trichoglossa, Protoptila 74

Tricholeiochiton [Hydroptilidae] 300

trichothylax, Phylloicus 36

Trichovespula [Tasimiidae] 453

tridens, Cariboptila 47

tridens, Leptonema 148

tridentata, Mejicanotrichia 232

trifida, Atopsyche 112

trifida, Mejicanotrichia 232

trifidum, Leptonema 148

trifidus, Atopsyche See trifida, Atopsyche

trifidus, Brachysetodes 318

trifurcata, Anchitrichia 201

trigonella, Metrichia 244

trigramma, Macrostemum 157

trilineatum, Cnodocentron 454

trilobata, Leptonema 135

trilobatus, Polyplectropus 443

trinitatis, Cerasmatrichia 209

trinitatis, Ochrotrichia 277

trinitatis, Xiphocentron 458

tripartita, Costatrichia 212

tripartitum, Leptonema 148

tripartitus, Brachysetodes 318

Triplectides [Leptoceridae] 344

tripui, Contulma 23

tripui, Polycentropus 431

tripuiensis, Alterosa 369

tripuiensis, Mortoniella 65

tripunctata, Atopsyche 112

tripunctatum, Polyplectropus 443

triquetra, Metrichia 244

trispicata, Protoptila 74

trispicatum, Leptonema 148

trispina, Cernotina 417

trispinata, Cariboptila 47

trispinosa, Metrichia 245

triste, Macrostemum 157

tritoven, Leucotrichia 229

trondi, Wormaldia 409

trujilloi, Grumichella 320

truncata, Alterosa 369

truncata, Helicopsyche 95

truncata, Marilia 364

truncata, Metrichia 245

truncata, Mortoniella 65

truncata, Protoptila 75

truncata, Smicridea 185

truncatiloba, Chimarra 398

truncatus, Monocosmoecus 354

tuanis, Nectopsyche 330

tuberculatus, Polycentropus 431

tuberosum var. ramosa See ramosum, Macrostemum

tuberosum, Macrostemum 155

tubicola, Antillopsyche 445

tubifex, Leucotrichia 229

tubulifera, Neotrichia 258

tucuna, Chimarra 398

tulatus, Limnephilus 352

tulipa, Hydroptila 222

tumida, Oecetis 340

tupacamara, Wormaldia 409

tupi, Nothotrichia 261

Tupiniquintrichia [Hydroptilidae] 300

turbida, Helicopsyche 95

turgida, Smicridea 185

turquino, Polycentropus 431

turrialbae, Rhyacopsyche 298

turrialbana, Smicridea 185

turrialbum, Leptonema 149

turuda, Zumatrichia 305

tusa, Zumatrichia 305

tuscaloosa, Mayatrichia 231

tusci, Itauara 53

tuskera, Acostatrichia 193

tuveva, Oxyethira 292

tuxtla, Neotrichia 258

tuxtlensis, Austrotinodes 42

tuxtlensis, Helicopsyche 95

tuxtlensis, Triaenodes 344

U

uara, Cernotina 417

uara, Chimarra 398

ubajara, Metrichia 245

ubatuba, Alisotrichia 199

ujasa, Acostatrichia 193

ulmeri, Atopsyche 113

ulmeri, Chimarrhodella 401

ulmeri, Cyrnellus 420

ulmeri, Iguazu 117

ulmeri, Leptonema 142

ulmeri, Macrostemum 157

ulmeri, Oxyethira 292

ulmeriana, Polyplectropus 443

ultima, Alisotrichia 199

ultimus, Triplectides 347

ulva, Smicridea 185

umbonata, Helicopsyche 95

umbonata, Mortoniella 65

unamas, Neotrichia 258

uncata, Oecetis 340

uncatum, Leptonema 149

uncifera, Cernotina 418

unguiculata, Cernotina 418

unguiculata, Smicridea 185

unica, Ochrotrichia 277

unicolor Banks 1938, Smicridea 163

unicolor, Smicridea 185

unicolorata, Atopsyche 113

unicornia, Ochrotrichia 277

unicuspis, Hydroptila 222

unidentata, Itauara 53

unilineata, Mortoniella 66

unispina, Culoptila 50

unispina, Neoatopsyche 120

unispina, Neotrichia 259

unispina, Oxyethira 292

unispinus, Polycentropus 432

Unknown family 1 [Atriplectididae] 24

unota, Mortoniella 66

urra, Smicridea 185

urubici, Polycentropus 432

uruguaiensis, Mortoniella 66

uruguayensis, Atopsyche 113

uruguayensis, Austrotinodes 42

uruguayensis, Betrichia 203

uruguayensis, Protoptila 75

urumarca, Atopsyche 113

usingeri, Atopsyche 113

usitatissima, Chimarra 398

usseglioi, Mortoniella 66

utahensis, Chimarra 399

utico, Smicridea 169

utleyorum, Nectopsyche 330

utra, Chimarra 399

V

vagotta, Smicridea 186

vaina, Oxyethira 292

vakaca, Nectoopsyche 329

vakara, Smicridea 186

valdiviensis, Polycentropus 432

valeni, Smicridea 186

valga, Marilia 364

valgiformis, Austrocentrus 77

valligera, Helicopsyche 95

valverdei, Contulma 24

vanderpooli, Polycentropus 432

vanderweeli, Monocosmoecus 354

varia, Smicridea 186

variipenne, Macronema 154

varrata, Zumatrichia 305

varratlana, Betrichia 203

vaskosa, Smicridea 186

vatucra, Atopsyche 113

vavai, Neotrichia 259

vaza, Oxyethira 292

vazquezae, Helicopsyche 95

vazquezae, Hydroptila 222

vegosa, Peltopsyche 294

vekona, Smicridea 186

vekonyka, Neotrichia 259

velascoi, Ochrotrichia 277

velascoi, Plectropsyche 159

velasquezi, Mortoniella 66

veleda, Lepidostoma 310

velteni†, Phylloicus 36

venezolanus, Polyplectropus 443

venezuelensis, Bredinia 205

venezuelensis, Costatrichia 212

venezuelensis, Helicopsyche 96

venezuelensis, Hydroptila 222

ventrale, Glossosoma 50

Ventrarma [Hydrobiosidae] 99

ventricornuta, Mastigoptila 54

ventricosa, Alisotrichia 199

ventricosta, Sortosa 403

ventridenticulata, Smicridea 186

veracruzensis, Hydroptila 223

veracruzensis, Polycentropus 432

veracruzensis, Protoptila See mixteca veracruzensis

veracruzensis, Smicridea 186

verda, Ochrotrichia 277

vergelana, Helicopsyche 96

Verger [Limnephilidae] 355

vermiculata, Smicridea 186

verna, Cernotina 418

verrucula, Oecetis 340

verruculus, Polycentropus 432

verticalis, Cernotina 418

vespersus, Verger 358

vespertina, Hydropsyche 134

veva, Peltopsyche 294

vexillifera, Culoptila 50

vibrans, Neotrichia 259

vicaria, Banyallarga 27

vicarium, Ganonema See yungensis, Banyallarga

vieja, Ochrotrichia 277

vieja, Zumatrichia 305

vilela, Smicridea 187

villa, Neotrichia 259

villa, Smicridea 187

villalobosi, Chimarra 399

villarenia, Ochrotrichia 278

villarricensis, Smicridea 187

villegasi, Helicopsyche 96

villosa, Banyallarga 28

villosum, Microthremma 78

vinai, Atopsyche 113

vipera, Oxyethira 293

viracocha, Atopsyche 113

virgencita, Chimarra 399

virginiae, Polycentropus 432

viridianum, Leptonema 149

viridis, Leucotrichia 230

vissa, Neotrichia 259

vitrea, Synoestropsis 190

vittatum, Pseudomacronema 160

vitum, Leptonema 149

viuda, Alisotrichia 199

voigti†, Helicopsyche 96

volcanus, Polycentropus 432

volenta, Chimarra 393

voluta, Protoptila 75

voluta, Smicridea 187

vonza, Neotrichia 259

vulgaris, Metrichia 245

W

wallacei, Plectropsyche 159

warema, Metrichia 245

weaveri, Lepidostoma 311

weibezahni, Atopsyche 114

weidneri, Smicridea 187

weitschati†, Chimarra 399

wilcuma, Chimarra 399

williami, Canoptila 43

williammerrilli, Marilia 364

wilsoni, Chimarra 399

wirthi, Cerasmatrichia 209

woldai, Alisotrichia 200

woldai, Chimarra 399

woldai, Helicopsyche 97

woldai, Polyplectropus 443

woldai, Triaenodes 344

woldianum, Leptonema 149

woodruffi multispinosa, Amphoropsyche 314

woodruffi woodruffi, Amphoropsyche 314

woodruffi, Alisotrichia 200

Wormaldia [Philopotamidae] 403

woytkowskii, Helicopsyche 97

wrighti, Antillopsyche 445

wrighti, Marilia 364

wygodzinskii, Mortoniella 66

wygodzinskyi, Merionoptila 55

X

xesta, Chimarra 374

xicana, Neotrichia 259

xingu, Chimarra 399

xinguensis, Helicopsyche 97

Xiphocentron [Xiphocentronidae] 455

Xirocentron [Xiphocentronidae] 455

xolotl, Lepidostoma 311

xus, Chimarra 400

Y

yagua, Neotrichia 259

yalla, Metrichia 245

yanamona, Flintiella 214

yanayacuana, Ochrotrichia 278

yanomonoa, Neotrichia 259

yanura, Chimarra 400

yatay, Ragatrichia 295

yavesia, Metrichia 245

yavesia, Neotrichia 259

yavesia, Ochrotrichia 278

yepachica, Ochrotrichia 278

yetla, Ochrotrichia 278

yolandae, Phylloicus 36

yolandae, Polyplectropus 443

youngi, Atopsyche 114

ypsilon, Chimarra 400

yungarum, Leucotrichia 230

yungensis, Banyallarga 28

yunguensis, Atopsyche 114

yupanqui, Atopsyche 114

yurumanga, Protoptila 75

Z

zagalloi, Neotrichia 260

zamora, Chimarra 400

zamoranoensis, Polyplectropus 443

zanclana, Cernotina 418

zanclophora, Smicridea 177

zanclus, Polycentropus 432

zaneta, Polycentropus 432

zapateriensis, Cyrnellus 420

zaragozai, Polyplectropus 443

zegla, Zumatrichia 305

zerbinae, Hydroptila 223

zernyi, Atopsyche 114

zernyi, Cyrnellus 419

zihuaquia, Ochrotrichia 278

zilaba, Oxyethira 293

zilbra, Betrichia 203

zion, Cheumatopsyche 131

zitoi, Neotrichia 260

zongo, Atanatolica 317

zopilote, Leucotrichia 230

zotheculum, Amphichorema 98

zulia, Bredinia 205

zuliae, Polyplectropus 443

Zumatrichia [Hydroptilidae] 301

zunigae, Wormaldia 409

zunigarceorum, Wormaldia 409

zurqui, Polycentropus 433