Table 1. Characteristics of included studies regarding smoking and mortality in breast cancer survivors.
| Author/Publication year | Study location | Sample size | Mean follow-up (years) | Death Causes and Cases | Smoking status | Breast Cancer Ascertainment | Adjustment Factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Passarelli et al. 2016 | USA. | 4562 | 11a | Overall Deaths:988 CVD Deaths:258 Breast Cancer Specific Deaths:246 |
Current | Medical Records | Age at diagnosis, study phase, state of residence, and stage at diagnosis and adjusted for education, BMI, parous status, age at first birth, menopausal status, use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, mammography history, alcohol consumption, first-degree family history of breast cancer, post-diagnosis BMI, post-diagnosis alcohol consumption, and time from diagnosis to post-diagnosis questionnaire. |
| Nechuta et al. 2016 | USA. China. |
WHEL:211LACE:1543NHS:2935 All:6596 | WHEL:13.6a; LACE:12.6a; NHS:10.5a; All:12.0a; |
Overall Deaths:1427; WHEL:374; LACE:387; NHS:666; |
Former | Cancer Registration | Age at diagnosis, TNM stage, PR status, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, hormonal therapy, race/ethnicity, menopausal status, co morbidity (diabetes, hypertension), other studied lifestyle factors (as appropriate) and time between exposure measurement and 5-year post diagnosis date, stratified by study. Models for weight change also adjusted for diagnosis BMI. |
| Kakugawa et al. 2015 |
Japanese. | 848 | 6.7a | All-cause Deaths:170 Breast Cancer Specific Deaths:132; | Ever | Cancer Registration | Age, BMI, stage, hormone receptor, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, family history of breast cancer in father, mother, brother or sister, physical activity, co-morbidities, menopausal status and passive smoking from spouse. |
| Izano et al. 2015 | USA. | 975 | 11a | Other-Cause Deaths:436; Breast Cancer Specific Deaths:317; | Current | Histological Biopsy | Age at breast cancer diagnosis, breast cancer treatment, race/ethnicity, BMI, financial adequacy, education, positive lymph node involvement, tumor size at diagnosis, co morbidity. |
| Boone et al. 2015 | USA. | 2218 | 10.6a | All-cause Deaths:445; Breast Cancer Specific Deaths:243; | Current Ever | Histological Biopsy | Age, study, ethnicity, TMN stage, BMI, alcohol consumption, and education |
| Seibold et al. 2014 | Germany. | 3340 | 6a | All-cause Deaths:418; Other-cause Deaths:115; Breast Cancer Specific Deaths:303; |
Current | Cancer Registration | Age at diagnosis and study region, adjustment for tumor size, nodal status, metastasis status, histological grading, joint ER and PR, mode of detection, radiotherapy, adult BMI, hormone replacement use at diagnosis, alcohol consumption, CVD, diabetes. |
| Pierce et al. 2014 | USA. | 9975 | 11.1a | Overall Deaths:1803; Breast Deaths:1059; | Former | Medical Records | Age at diagnosis, cancer stage, TNM grade, race/ethnicity, education, and obesity. |
| Bérubé et al. 2014 | Canada. | 5892 | 7 | All-cause Deaths:1408; Other-cause Deaths:441; Breast Cancer Specific Deaths:953; Unknown-cause Deaths:14; |
Current | Doctor-patient Interview | Age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, age at menarche, parity, menopausal status, current hormone replacement therapy use, first degree family history of breast cancer, ER and PR positive, histological grade, size of the tumor, regional or distant involvement, regional treatment, neo adjuvant therapy, adjuvant endocrine therapy, adjuvant chemotherapy. |
| Saquib et al. 2013 | USA. | 2593 | 7.3 | All-cause Deaths:297; Breast Cancer Specific Deaths:245; |
Ever | Cancer Registration | Age, cancer stage, tumor grade, ER at diagnosis; chemotherapy and tamoxifen use post-diagnosis; race, obesity, education, menopausal status, alcohol consumption, physical and mental health at trial entry; time between diagnosis and study entry. |
| Dal Maso et al. 2008 | Italy. | 1453 | 10.76 | Overall Deaths:503; Breast Deaths:398; |
Current | Histological Biopsy | Region of residence, age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, TNM stage and ER/PR status. |
| Sagiv et al. 2007 | USA. | 1273 | 5.56 | All-cause Deaths:188; Breast Cancer Specific Deaths:111; |
Current Ever | Doctor-patient Interview | Age at diagnosis, household income, hormone-replacement therapy, and length of residence in interview home. |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WHEL: Women's Healthy Eating & Living Study; LACE: Life After Cancer Epidemiology Study; NHS, Nurses' Health Study; TNM, tumor node metastasis; ER, estrogen receptor; PR, progesterone receptor; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
a
Median value.