Figure 3. ACDB induces ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction in human chondrosarcoma cells.

A. JJ012 cells were incubated with ACDB for different time intervals, the production of O2⁻ and H₂O₂ were examined by flow cytometry. B. JJ012 cells were incubated with various concentration of ACDB for 48 h, the mitochondrial membrane potential was examined by flow cytometry. C. JJ012 cells were incubated with ACDB for different time intervals, the Bax, Bak, BID, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL expression were examined by Western blot analysis. D. JJ012 cells were pre-treated for 30 min with catalase (10,000 U/ml), NAC (4 μM), DPI (10 μM) or BAPTA-AM (10 μM) followed by stimulation with ACDB for 48 h, the percentage of apoptotic cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results are expressed as the means ± SEM of four independent experiments. *P < 0.05 as compared with control group; ^#P < 0.05 compared with the ACDB-treated group.