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. 2017 Apr;161:94–108. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2017.01.019

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

(Study 3) Acoustical analysis of Granger causality. In prototypical domineering interactions, sound energy in the encoder’s channel was the Granger-cause for the energy in the decoder’s channel (a). Decoder-to-encoder causalities were maximum in caring interactions, while practically absent from insolent or disdainful interactions (b). Abbreviations: CAR: caring; CON: conciliatory; DIS: disdainful; DOM: domineering; INS: insolent.