Table 1. Summary of the included studies.
| Author | Year | Study period | Design style | Country | Population characteristics | Treatment methods | Patients (No. of benign thyroid nodules) | Male/female | Age(years) | Follow-up interval(months) | Complication | Imaging methods | Prognosis | NOS score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dollinger M et al. | 2016 | NA | Retrospective cohort | Germany | 7 HCC;2 cholangiocellular carcinoma;10 metastatic colorectal tumor,2 metastatic breast carcinoma,3 others | CT-guided percutaneous IRE | 26(53) | 17/9 | 59.3±11.2(37-77) | 7.2±5.3 | NA | MR | Local tumor recurrence:18.2% | 8 |
| Padia SA et al. | 2016 | 2011.4-2013.12 | Retrospective cohort | USA | 20 HCC | US/CT-guided percutaneous IRE | 20(20) | 14/6 | 62(50-76) | 12 | NA | MR | Primary efficacy rate:90% | 7 |
| Barabasch A et al. | 2016 | 2012-2015 | Prospective cohort | Germany | 15 colorectal cancer;4 breast cancer;2 pancreatic cancer;2 esophageal carcinoma;1 melanoma;1 mesothelioma;1 RCC;1 GIST | CT-guided percutaneous IRE | 27(37) | 13/14 | 62±11(46-68) | 23±11 | NA | MR | CR:57% | 7 |
| Sugimoto K et al. | 2015 | 2014.1-2014.6 | Prospective cohort | Japan | 5 HCC | US-guided percutaneous IRE | 5(6) | 3/2 | 66.6±5.8 | 8 | No | CT/MR/US | 2 new lesions | 6 |
| Niessen C et al. | 2015 | 2011.12-2013.3 | Prospective cohort | Germany | 22 HCC;6 cholangiocellular carcinoma;16 colorectal metastasis;4 other metastasis | US/CT-guided percutaneous IRE | 25(48) | 21/4 | 59.4±11.2 | 6 | NA | MR | Local recurrence rate:29.2% | 7 |
| Froud T et al. | 2015 | 2010.1-2014.10 | Retrospective cohort | USA | 62 metastatic disease;53 hepatocellular carcinoma;8 cholangiocarcinoma;1 unknown | CT-guided IRE | 124 | 71/53 | 59.8±11.4 | 2 | NA | PET | NA | 9 |
| Dollinger M et al. | 2014 | NA | Retrospective cohort | Germany | 14 HCC;11 colorectal tumor;5 cholangiocellular carcinoma;1 seminomatous testicular tumor;1 esophageal carcinoma;1 neuroendocrine tumor;1 other | CT-guided percutaneous IRE | 34(52) | 28/6 | 64(22-80) | 4.7(0.3-17) | 4 hepatic abscesses | CT | Reduction in volume to 29% of initial value | 7 |
| Silk MT et al. | 2014 | 2011.1-2012.9 | Retrospective cohort | USA | 16 metastatic colorectal carcinoma;5 metastatic pancreatic carcinoma;1 metastatic hemangiopericytoma | CT or PET/CT percutaneous IRE | 11(22) | 4/7 | 60(45-81) | 9±6 | 1 bile duct dilatation | CT | Local tumor recurrence:54.5% | 6 |
| Kingham TP et al. | 2012 | 2011.1.1-2011.11.2 | Retrospective cohort | USA | 21 metastatic colorectal cancer;2 HCC;2 metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine;1 metastatic ampullary carcinoma;1 hemangiopericytoma;1 leiomyosarcoma metastasis tumor | US/CT-guided open/percutaneous IRE | 28(65) | 11/17 | 51(32-81) | 6(1-9) | 1 intraoperative arrhythmia;1 postoperative portal vein thrombosis | CT/MR | Persistent disease rate:1.9%;local recurrence rate:5.7% | 7 |
NA:not available;
CR:complete response;
RCC: renal cell carcinoma;
GIST: gastrointestinal stromal tumor;
HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma;
US:ultrasound;
CT: Computed Tomography;
MR: Magnetic Resonance;
NOS: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.