Table 1. The baseline characteristics of all qualified studies enrolled in this meta-analysis.
| Author (Index) (year) | Country | Collection time | Cohort sample size | Included sample size | Definition | Median follow-up (years) | Unexposed | Exposed | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Events | Total | Events | |||||||
| Cross-sectional studies | ||||||||||
| Liangpunsakul (2005) | US | 1988-1994 | 15,336 | 1,357 | Proteinuria | 0 | 995 | 75 | 362 | 45 |
| Huang et al (2006) | Taiwan | 2002-2004 | 10,975 | 8,571 | Proteinuria | 0 | 8,004 | 557 | 567 | 58 |
| Tsui et al (2006) | US | 1988-1994 | 34,000 | 15,029 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 14,663 | 631 | 366 | 8 |
| Tsui et al (Proteinuria) (2006) | US | 1988-1994 | 34,000 | 15,029 | Proteinuria | 0 | 14,663 | 1,760 | 366 | 55 |
| Dalrymple et al (2007) | US | 1999-2004 | 39,574 | 25,782 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 23,854 | 1,423 | 1,928 | 93 |
| Tsui et al (eGFR<60) (C) (2007) | US | 2000-2001 | 2,352,584 | 474,369 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 421,495 | 71,654 | 52,874 | 4,759 |
| Tsui et al (eGFR<30) (C) (2007) | US | 2000-2001 | 2,352,584 | 474,369 | eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 421,495 | 8,430 | 52,874 | 1,058 |
| Ishizaka et al (2008) | Japan | 2004-2006 | 12,535 | 12,405 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 12,333 | 1,887 | 72 | 22 |
| Ishizaka et al (Proteinuria) (2008) | Japan | 2004-2006 | 12,535 | 12,405 | Proteinuria | 0 | 12,333 | 1,157 | 72 | 14 |
| Moe et al (C.-C.) (2008) | US | 1994-2004 | 19,303 | 13,139 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 9,201 | 745 | 3,938 | 248 |
| Asrani et al (eGFR<60) (C) (2010) | US | 2003-2006 | 6,000,000 | 167,569 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 154,185 | 8,172 | 13,384 | 682 |
| Asrani et al (eGFR<30) (C) (2010) | US | 2003-2006 | 6,000,000 | 167,569 | eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 154,185 | 370 | 13,384 | 29 |
| Asrani et al (eGFR<15) (C) (2010) | US | 2003-2006 | 6,000,000 | 167,569 | eGFR<15 ml/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 154,185 | 123 | 13,384 | 13 |
| Gordon et al (2010) | US | 1997-2006 | 79,492 | 67,063 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 64,006 | 6,666 | 3,057 | 443 |
| Lee et al (eGFR<60) (2010) | Taiwan | 2004 | 55,780 | 49,048 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 43,859 | 6,249 | 5,189 | 994 |
| Lee et al (eGFR<30) (2010) | Taiwan | 2004 | 55,780 | 49,048 | eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 43,859 | 333 | 5,189 | 56 |
| Lee et al (Proteinuria) (2010) | Taiwan | 2004 | 55,780 | 49,048 | Proteinuria | 0 | 43,859 | 2,385 | 5,189 | 332 |
| Yanik et al (2010) | US | 1998-2008 | 4,376 | 900 | Proteinuria | 0 | 129 | 13 | 772 | 210 |
| Butt et al (C.-C.) (2011) | US | 2001-2006 | 68,285 | 43,139 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 25,137 | 3,738 | 18,002 | 3,140 |
| Satapathy et al (eGFR<60) (2012) | US | 2003-2006 | 2,415 | 865 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 313 | 16 | 552 | 53 |
| Li et al (2014) | Taiwan | 2010-2011 | 24,642 | 24,642 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 22,943 | 1,398 | 1,699 | 280 |
| Kurbanova (2015) | US | 1999-2012 | 33,729 | 33,729 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 0 | 33,070 | 3,523 | 659 | 50 |
| Kurbanova (Proteinuria) (2015) | US | 1999-2012 | 33,729 | 33,729 | Proteinuria | 0 | 33,070 | 4,183 | 659 | 112 |
| Longitudinal studies | ||||||||||
| Tsui et al (eGFR<15) (L.) (2007) | US | 2000-2001 | 2,352,584 | 474,369 | eGFR<15 ml/min/1.73m2 | 3.4 | 421,495 | 4,393 | 52,874 | 760 |
| Moe et al (Long.) (2008) | US | 1994-2004 | 19,303 | 7,038 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 3.5 | 4,795 | NR | 2,243 | NR |
| Asrani et al (eGFR<60) (L) (2010) | US | 2003-2006 | 6,000,000 | 88,822 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 2.1 | 80,759 | 2,826 | 8,063 | 306 |
| Asrani et al (eGFR<30) (L) (2010) | US | 2003-2006 | 6,000,000 | 88,822 | eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73m2 | 2.1 | 80,759 | 56 | 8,063 | 10 |
| Asrani et al (eGFR<15) (L) (2010) | US | 2003-2006 | 6,000,000 | 88,822 | eGFR<15 ml/min/1.73m2 | 2.1 | 80,759 | 8 | 8,063 | 2 |
| Butt et al (Long.) (2011) | US | 2001-2006 | 68,285 | 43,139 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 3.15 | 25,137 | NR | 18,002 | NR |
| Hofmann et al (2011) | Europe | 1990-2006 | 258,000 | 223,536 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 9.3 | 198,124 | 443 | 25,412 | 208 |
| Satapathy et al (eGFR<15) (2012) | US | 2003-2006 | 2,415 | 865 | eGFR<15 ml/min/1.73m2 | 7 | 313 | 2 | 552 | 15 |
| Peters et al (2012) | Europe | 1994-2011 | 16,594 | 8,235 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 4.39 | 6,183 | 375 | 2,052 | 120 |
| Su et al (2012) | Taiwan | 2000-2005 | 1,000,000 | 37,746 | eGFR<15 ml/min/1.73m2 | 5.58 | 31,455 | 196 | 6,291 | 77 |
| Chen et al (2013) | Taiwan | 1998-2004 | 1,000,000 | 15,910 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 5.92 | 12,728 | 187 | 3,182 | 64 |
| Chen et al (2014) | Taiwan | 1996-2010 | 1,000,000 | 47,150 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 7.43 | 37,720 | 960 | 9,430 | 367 |
| Lee et al (2014) | Taiwan | 2002-2009 | 4,321 | 4,185 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 2.2 | 3,868 | 891 | 317 | 118 |
| Molnar et al (eGFR<60) (2015) | US | 2004-2006 | 4,444,699 | 1,021,049 | eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 8 | 920,531 | 95,837 | 100,518 | 11,271 |
| Molnar et al (eGFR<15) (2015) | US | 2005-2006 | 4,444,699 | 1,021,049 | eGFR<15 ml/min/1.73m2 | 8 | 920,531 | 2,479 | 100,518 | 904 |
Note. (C): cross-sectional studies; (L): longitudinal studies; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; NR: not reported.