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Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ logoLink to Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ
. 2016 Jun 3;25(2):214–223. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.05.005

Synthesis and evaluation of anticancer activity of 6-pyrazolinylcoumarin derivatives

Yana Garazd a, Myroslav Garazd a, Roman Lesyk b,⁎
PMCID: PMC5355548  PMID: 28344471

Abstract

A series of novel 6-pyrazolinylcoumarins has been synthesized via multi-step protocol. The synthetic procedure was based on the acetylation of hydroxycoumarins; Fries rearrangement and Claisen–Schmidt condensation; the target 6-[5-aryl-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-5-hydroxy-7-methylcoumarins (33–49) were obtained under reactions of hydrazine and 2-aryl-5-methyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromen-4,8-diones as the last phase of the protocol. Anticancer activity screening in NCI60-cell lines assay allowed identification of compound 47 with the highest level of antimitotic activity with mean GI50 value of 10.20 μM and certain sensitivity profile toward the Leukemia cell lines CCRF-CEM and MOLT-4 (GI50/TGI values 1.88/5.06 μM and 1.92/4.04 μM respectively).

Keywords: Coumarins, Pyronoflavanones, Pyrazolines, Anticancer activity

1. Introduction

Coumarins of natural and synthetic origin constitute a large family of heterocyclic compounds bearing a benzopyran-2-one moiety. Coumarins occur as secondary metabolites in the seeds, roots and leaves of many plant species (Borges et al., 2005), bacteria, fungi, and marine sources (Vazquez-Rodriguez et al., 2015) and exhibit diverse biological activities (Riveiro et al., 2010, Barot et al., 2015). Coumarins are of scientific interest as anti-HIV agents (Kostova et al., 2006), antituberculosis agents (Keri et al., 2015), cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (Orhan and Gulcan, 2015), antioxidants and anti-inflammatories (Fylaktakidou et al., 2004, Najmanová et al., 2015, Figueroa-Guiñez et al., 2015, Torres et al., 2014). Despite numerous effects of coumarins in the search for bioactive compounds, they still remain as one of the most versatile class of compounds for anticancer drug design and discovery (Kostova, 2005, Musa et al., 2008, Thakur et al., 2015, Emami and Dadashpour, 2015).

In the recent years, the actual trend in the field of chemistry of coumarins is a modification of the benzopyran-2-one by directed introduction of heterocyclic substituent. Such studies are of interest for the theory of organic synthesis and purposeful search of new biologically active compounds based on coumarin core. In most cases heteroaryl substituent is introduced at position 3 or 4 of the coumarin ring. Thus, 3- and 4-heteroarylcoumarins are reported to exhibit significant biological activities such as anticancer (Ganina et al., 2008), antimicrobial (Arshad et al., 2011), antibacterial, anticancer (DNA cleavage) (Gali et al., 2015), human monoamine oxidase inhibitory (Delogu et al., 2011), antioxidant and anticholinesterase (Kurt et al., 2015). Much less works are devoted to the synthesis of coumarins containing heterocyclic moiety in the benzene ring of benzopyran-2-one.

On the other hand, pyrazoline-based heterocycles are interesting compounds due to their high chemotherapeutic potential (Kumar et al., 2009, Marella et al., 2013). Diversely substituted pyrazolines combined with coumarin system showed good cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities toward a wide range of human tumor cell lines. For example, coumarin derivatives bearing 4,5-dihydropyrazole moiety possess high antiproliferative activity (Liu et al., 2010, Wu et al., 2014). They belong to the inhibitors of telomerase and PI3K protein kinase (Amin et al., 2013) and act as the antiproliferative agents toward hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 (Amin et al., 2015).

In continuation of our work on the synthesis of 6-heteroarylcoumarins (Nagorichna et al., 2009b, Nikitina et al., 2015, Galayev et al., 2015), we have synthesized new 6-pyrazolinylcoumarin derivatives and studied their anticancer activity.

2. Experimental

2.1. Chemistry

All starting materials were purchased from Merck and used without purification. NMR spectra were determined with Varian Mercury 400 (400 MHz) spectrometer, in DMSO-d6 using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard. Elemental analysis (C, H, N, Cl) was performed at the Perkin–Elmer 2400 CHN analyzer and was within ±0.4% from the theoretical values. The purity of the compounds was checked by thin-layer chromatography performed with Merck Silica Gel 60 F254 aluminum sheets. Coumarins 1–5 (Nagorichna et al., 2009a) were synthesized as described previously.

2.2. General procedure for synthesis of 5-acetoxy-7-methylcoumarins 6–10

A mixture of 5-hydroxy-7-methylcoumarin (1–5, 50 mmol), acetic anhydride (9.5 mL, 100 mmol), and freshly distilled pyridine (5 mL) was heated for 1 h and left overnight at room temperature. The resulting precipitate was filtered off and crystallized from propanol-2. Spectral and analytical data of synthesized 6–10 are described (Nagorichna et al., 2009a).

2.3. General procedure for synthesis of 6-acetyl-5-hydroxy-7-methylcoumarins 11–15

A ground mixture of 5-acetoxy-7-methylcoumarin (6–10, 30 mmol) and anhydrous AlCl3 (12.00 g, 90 mmol) was heated at 120–130 °C for 1 h, cooled, and diluted with HCl solution (100 mL, 1 N). The resulting precipitate was filtered off and crystallized from propanol-2. Spectral and analytical data of synthesized 11–15 are described (Nagorichna et al., 2009a).

2.4. General procedure for synthesis of 2-aryl-10-alkyl-5-methyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromen-4,8-diones 16–32

A mixture of 6-acetyl-5-hydroxycoumarin (11–15, 4 mmol) and the appropriate aromatic aldehyde (4.8 mmol) in EtOH was refluxed for 5–6 h in the presence of catalytic amounts (1–2 drops) of pyrrolidine (end of reaction was determined by TLC). The reaction mixture was cooled. The resulting precipitate was filtered off and crystallized from EtOH.

2.4.1. 2-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-5,10-dimethyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromene-4,8-dione (16)

Spectral and analytical data are described (Nikitina et al., 2015).

2.4.2. 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-5,10-dimethyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromene-4,8-dione (17)

Spectral and analytical data are described (Nikitina et al., 2015).

2.4.3. 2-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-5,10-dimethyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromene-4,8-dione (18)

Spectral and analytical data are described (Nikitina et al., 2015).

2.4.4. 2-(4-Dimethylaminophenyl)-5-methyl-10-propyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromene-4,8-dione (19)

Spectral and analytical data are described (Nikitina et al., 2015).

2.4.5. 2-(3-Fluorophenyl)-5,9,10-trimethyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromene-4,8-dione (20)

Yield 79%, mp 208–209 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS) δ: 7.43–7.56 (m, 3H), 7.24–7.29 (m, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H, H-6), 5.75 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H, H-2), 3.22 (dd, J = 13.6 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3ax), 2.85 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3eq), 2.61 (s, 3H, CH3-5), 2.40 (s, 3H, CH3-10), 2.03 (s, 3H, CH3-9). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 189.17 (C-4), 162.96, 161.18 (C-8), 152.58, 149.85, 146.95, 142.81, 142.11, 129.51, 123.69, 123.43, 121.74, 115.04, 114.78, 113.08, 107.55, 78.99 (C-2), 44.78 (C-3), 22.04, 16.51, 15.18. Anal. Calcd. for C21H17FO4: C, 71.58; H, 4.86. Found: C, 71.36; H, 4.95.

2.4.6. 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5,9,10-trimethyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromene-4,8-dione (21)

Yield 67%, mp 223–224 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 9.38 (s, 1H, OH-4″), 7.45 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H, H-2″, H-6″), 6.83 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H, H-3″, H-5″), 6.85 (s, 1H, H-6), 5.65 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H, H-2), 3.28 (dd, J = 13.6 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3ax), 2.79 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3eq), 2.61 (s, 3H, CH3-5), 2.40 (s, 3H, CH3-10), 2.05 (s, 3H, CH3-9). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 189.54 (C-4), 161.29 (C-8), 157.63, 152.51, 150.88, 147.12, 142.89, 131.93, 128.12, 127.35, 123.69, 121.74, 115.86, 115.18, 114.78, 107.55, 77.63 (C-2), 44.71 (C-3), 22.09, 16.59, 15.12. Anal. Calcd. for C21H18O5: C, 71.99; H, 5.18. Found: C, 72.12; H, 5.21.

2.4.7. 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5,9,10-trimethyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromene-4,8-dione (22)

Yield 71%, mp 216–217 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS) δ: 8.95 (1H, s, OH-4′), 6.97–7.01 (m, 3H, H-2′, 5′, 6′), 6.91 (s, 1H, H-6), 5.62 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H, H-2), 3.82 (s, 3H, OCH3-3), 3.25 (dd, J = 13.6 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3ax), 2.76 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3eq), 2.61 (s, 3H, CH3-5), 2.41 (s, 3H, CH3-10), 2.05 (s, 3H, CH3-9). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 190.12 (C-4), 161.13 (C-8), 152.58, 150.77, 147.49, 147.16, 146.95, 142.89, 132.93, 123.61, 121.79, 118.17, 114.93, 114.13, 110.47, 107.32, 78.55 (C-2), 55.61, 44.96 (C-3), 22.04, 16.65, 15.39. Anal. calcd for C22H20O6: C, 69.46; H, 5.30. Found: C, 69.56; H, 5.25.

2.4.8. 2-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-5,9,10-trimethyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromene-4,8-dione (23)

Yield 81%, mp 225–226 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 7.47 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H, H-6′), 6.86 (s, 1H, H-6), 6.66 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H, H-3′), 6.62 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H, H-5′), 5.79 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H, H-2), 3.82 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.81 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.26 (dd, J = 13.6 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3ax), 2.73 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3eq), 2.63 (s, 3H, CH3-5), 2.40 (s, 3H, CH3-10), 2.04 (s, 3H, CH3-9). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 189.95 (C-4), 160.91 (C-8), 159.79, 157.13, 152.91, 152.58, 146.88, 143.13, 130.38, 124.35, 121.74, 118.53, 114.14, 108.37, 107.92, 97.92, 75.37 (C-2), 56.39, 55.23, 44.29 (C-3), 22.35, 16.84, 15.42. Anal. Calcd. for C23H22O6: C, 70.04; H, 5.62. Found: C, 70.12; H, 5.54.

2.4.9. 5,9,10-Trimethyl-2-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromene-4,8-dione (24)

Yield 84%, mp 232–233 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 7.20 (1H, s, H-6′), 6.92 (s, 1H, H-6), 6.78 (s, 1H, H-3′), 5.83 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H, H-2), 3.84 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.82 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.74 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.24 (dd, J = 13.6 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3ax), 2.68 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3eq), 2.65 (s, 3H, CH3-5), 2.45 (s, 3H, CH3-10), 2.06 (s, 3H, CH3-9). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 189.82 (C-4), 160.95 (C-8), 152.89, 152.58, 151.01, 150.76, 146.95, 144.24, 142.89, 125.56, 123.57, 121.86, 121.68, 114.78, 107.43, 102.76, 76.22 (C-2), 56.59, 56.13, 55.90, 43.86 (C-3), 22.23, 16.81, 15.43. Anal. Calcd. for C24H24O7: C, 67.91; H, 5.70. Found: C, 67.84; H, 5.61.

2.4.10. 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyrano[2,3-f]chromene-4,8-dione (25)

Yield 83%, mp 248–249 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 7.81 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H, H-6′), 7.45–7.58 (m, 3H), 6.97 (s, 1H, H-6), 5.99 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H, H-2), 3.05–3.20 (m, 3H, H-3ax, CH2-9), 2.86 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3eq), 2.68 (s, 3H, CH3-5), 2.63–2.75 (m, 2H, CH2-11), 1.91–2.08 (m, 2H, CH2-10). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 190.16 (C-4), 160.94 (C-8), 152.67, 152.26, 150.12, 142.63, 136.65, 131.33, 129.49, 128.78, 128.07, 126.51, 126.22, 123.16, 114.48, 111.78, 74.44 (C-2), 44.98 (C-3), 35.04, 31.98, 24.99, 22.04. Anal. Calcd. for C22H17ClO4: C, 69.45; H, 4.50; Cl, 9.31. Found: C, 69.34; H, 4.58; Cl, 9.38.

2.4.11. 2-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyrano[2,3-f]chromene-4,8-dione (26)

Yield 74%, mp 221–222 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 7.57 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H, H-6′), 7.41 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.06–7.12 (m, 2H), 6.89 (s, 1H, H-6), 5.85 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H, H-2), 3.84 (s, 3H, OCH3-6′), 3.07–3.21 (m, 3H, H-3ax, CH2-9), 2.78 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3eq), 2.63 (s, 3H, CH3-5), 2.58–2.71 (m, 2H, CH2-11), 1.90–2.07 (m, 2H, CH2-10). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 190.32 (C-4), 161.06 (C-8), 154.82, 153.01, 152.67, 152.26, 142.89, 129.30, 126.51, 125.34, 123.81, 123.27, 120.69, 114.69, 111.89, 110.52, 75.37 (C-2), 55.51, 43.86 (C-3), 35.23, 32.49, 25.86, 22.34. Anal. Calcd. for C23H20O5: C, 73.39; H, 5.36. Found: C, 73.46; H, 5.34.

2.4.12. 2-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyrano[2,3-f]chromene-4,8-dione (27)

Yield 69%, mp 207–208 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 7.47 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H, H-6′), 6.96 (s, 1H, H-6), 6.66 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H, H-3′), 6.63 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H, H-5′), 5.81 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H, H-2), 3.83 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.81 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.23 (dd, J = 13.6 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3ax), 3.12–3.16 (m, 2H, CH2-9), 2.74 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3eq), 2.65 (s, 3H, CH3-5), 2.64–2.69 (m, 2H, CH2-11), 1.94–2.04 (m, 2H, CH2-10). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 190.53 (C-4), 161.12 (C-8), 159.79, 157.13, 153.01, 152.79, 152.26, 143.26, 130.38, 126.92, 123.85, 118.56, 114.48, 112.03, 108.37, 97.92, 75.12 (C-2), 55.78, 55.13, 44.02 (C-3), 35.04, 32.11, 24.99, 22.18. Anal. Calcd. for C24H22O6: C, 70.93; H, 5.46. Found: C, 71.02; H, 5.49.

2.4.13. 5-Methyl-2-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-10,11-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyrano[2,3-f]chromene-4,8-dione (28)

Yield 78%, mp 214–215 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ7.31 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H, H-6′), 6.95 (s, 1H, H-6), 6.93 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H, H-5′), 5.81 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H, H-2), 3.85 (s, 6H, OCH3), 3.80 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.22 (dd, J = 13.6 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3ax), 3.12–3.16 (m, 2H, CH2-9), 2.71 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3eq), 2.67 (s, 3H, CH3-5), 2.64–2.70 (m, 2H, CH2-11), 1.94–2.04 (m, 2H, CH2-10). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 190.12 (C-4), 161.11 (C-8), 155.31, 152.89, 152.67, 152.21, 150.03, 143.96, 142.85, 126.51, 124.25, 123.27, 121.71, 114.89, 111.89, 108.08, 76.22 (C-2), 60.05, 59.73, 56.81, 43.88 (C-3), 35.04, 32.06, 24.91, 22.08. Anal. Calcd. for C25H24O7: C, 68.80; H, 5.54. Found: C, 68.73; H, 5.57.

2.4.14. 5-Methyl-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-10,11-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyrano[2,3-f]chromene-4,8-dione (29)

Yield 72%, mp 214–215 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 6.96 (s, 2H, H-2′,6′), 6.93 (s, 1H, H-6), 5.63 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H, H-2), 3.81 (s, 6H, OCH3-3′, OCH3-5′), 3.68 (s, 3H, OCH3-4′), 3.46 (dd, J = 13.6 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3ax), 3.08–3.15 (m, 2H, CH2-9), 2.71 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3eq), 2.65 (s, 3H, CH3-5), 2.65–2.72 (m, 2H, CH2-11), 1.95–2.05 (m, 2H, CH2-10). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 189.93 (C-4), 160.91 (C-8), 154.69, 154.43, 152.89, 152.18, 150.75, 142.89, 137.87, 133.59, 126.79, 123.38, 114.48, 112.01, 104.12, 103.91, 76.11 (C-2), 59.90, 59.18, 56.09, 44.58 (C-3), 35.12, 32.08, 24.85, 22.01. Anal. Calcd. for C25H24O7: C, 68.80; H, 5.54. Found: C, 68.89; H, 5.48.

2.4.15. 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2,3,9,10,11,12-hexahydrobenzo[c]pyrano[2,3-f]chromene-4,8-dione (30)

Yield 69%, mp 223–224 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 9.22 (s, 1H, OH-4′), 7.17 (s, 1H, H-6), 6.93 (dd, J = 2.0 Hz, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H, H-6′), 6.85 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H, H-2′), 6.85 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H, H-5′), 5.56 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H, H-2), 3.80 (s, 3H, OCH3-3′), 3.22 (dd, J = 13.6 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3ax), 2.88–2.96 (m, 2H, CH2-9), 2.75 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3eq), 2.61 (s, 3H, CH3-5), 2.34–2.41 (m, 2H, CH2-12), 1.52–1.66 (m, 4H, CH2-10, CH2-11). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 189.54 (C-4), 161.57 (C-8), 152.33, 150.51, 149.12, 147.46, 147.16, 142.89, 132.93, 123.37, 122.96, 118.17, 114.72, 114.47, 113.77, 110.47, 79.29 (C-2), 55.63, 44.85 (C-3), 25.76, 24.36, 22.04, 21.65, 21.36. Anal. Calcd. for C24H22O6: C, 70.93; H, 5.46. Found: C, 71.02; H, 5.49.

2.4.16. 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2,3,9,10,11,12-hexahydrobenzo[c]pyrano[2,3-f]chromene-4,8-dione (31)

Yield 73%, mp 209–210 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 6.88 (s, 1H, H-6), 6.74 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 2H, H-2′, H-6′), 6.52 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H, H-4′), 5.64 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H, H-2), 3.79 (s, 6H, OCH3-3′, OCH3-5′), 3.16 (dd, J = 13.6 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3ax), 2.96–3.07 (m, 2H, CH2-9), 2.84 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3eq), 2.63 (s, 3H, CH3-5), 2.38–2.44 (m, 2H, CH2-12), 1.56–1.71 (m, 4H, CH2-10, CH2-11). 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 192.56 (C-4), 161.76 (C-8), 161.20, 155.77, 148.89, 144.24, 141.45, 122.48, 116.68, 113.60, 113.55, 109.12, 104.96, 104.83, 100.78, 80.16 (C-2), 55.09, 55.91, 45.33 (C-3), 30.43, 25.02, 23.38, 22.28, 20.97. Anal. Calcd. for C25H24O6: C, 71.42; H, 5.75. Found:C, 71.50; H, 5.78.

2.4.17. 5-Methyl-2-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3,9,10,11,12-hexahydrobenzo[c]pyrano[2,3-f]chromene-4,8-dione (32)

Yield 82%, mp 229–230 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 7.20 (s, 1H, H-6′), 6.92 (s, 1H, H-6),6.78 (s, 2H, H-3′), 5.66 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H, H-2), 3.84 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.82 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.74 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.18 (dd, J = 13.6 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3ax), 2.95–3.05 (m, 2H, CH2-9), 2.82 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H, H-3eq), 2.65 (s, 3H, CH3-5), 2.35–2.45 (m, 2H, CH2-12), 1.55–1.70 (m, 4H, CH2-10, CH2-11). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 189.95 (C-4), 161.52 (C-8), 152.54, 152.44, 151.01, 150.84, 149.12, 144.24, 142.89, 125.56, 123.98, 122.96, 121.71, 114.47, 113.66, 102.76, 78.11 (C-2), 56.59, 56.13, 55.96, 43.86 (C-3), 25.76, 24.36, 22.08, 21.65, 21.37. Anal. Calcd. for C26H26O7:C, 69.32; H, 5.82. Found: C, 69.27; H, 5.76.

2.5. General procedure for synthesis of 6-[5-aryl-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-4-alkyl-5-hydroxy-7-methylchromen-2-ones 33–49

A mixture of 20–32 (2 mmol) and hydrazine monohydrate (0.50 mL, 10 mmol) in EtOH was refluxed for 2–3 h (end of reaction was determined by TLC). The reaction mixture was cooled. The resulting precipitate was filtered off and crystallized from EtOH.

2.5.1. 6-[5-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-5-hydroxy-4,7-dimethylchromen-2-one (33)

Spectral and analytical data are described (Nikitina et al., 2015).

2.5.2. 6-[5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-5-hydroxy-4,7-dimethylchromen-2-one (34)

Spectral and analytical data are described (Nikitina et al., 2015).

2.5.3. 6-[5-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-5-hydroxy-4,7-dimethylchromen-2-one (35)

Spectral and analytical data are described (Nikitina et al., 2015).

2.5.4. 6-[5-(4-Dimethylaminophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-5-hydroxy-4-propyl-7-methylchromen-2-one (36)

Spectral and analytical data are described (Nikitina et al., 2015).

2.5.5. 6-[5-(3-Fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-5-hydroxy-3,4,7-trimethylchromen-2-one (37)

Yield 85%, mp 219–220 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 13.73 (s, 1H, OH-5), 7.88 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H, NH), 7.43 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.12–7.16 (m, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H, H-8), 4.88 (ddd, J = 3.6 Hz, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 11.2 Hz, H-5′), 3.82 (dd, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′b), 3.31 (dd, J = 11.2 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′a), 2.61 (s, 3H, CH3-4), 2.48 (s, 3H, CH3-7), 2.07 (s, 3H, CH3-3). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 164.12, 161.69 (C-2), 160.09, 156.51, 156.09 (C-3′), 146.31, 143.52, 140.96, 132.69, 125.75, 123.19, 115.26, 114.88, 113.56, 108.68, 107.95, 59.82 (C-5′), 46.45 (C-4′), 21.38, 16.51, 15.16. Anal. Calcd. for C21H19FN2O3: C, 68.84; H, 5.23; N, 7.65. Found: C 68.92; H, 5.19; N, 7.69.

2.5.6. 5-Hydroxy-6-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-3,4,7-trimethylchromen-2-one (38)

Yield 71%, mp 236–237 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 13.94 (s, 1H, OH-5), 9.38 (s, 1H, OH-4″), 7.72 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H, NH), 7.23 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H, H-2″, H-6″), 6.75 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H, H-3″, H-5″), 6.68 (s, 1H, H-8), 4.75 (ddd, J = 3.6 Hz, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 11.2 Hz, H-5′), 3.72 (dd, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′b), 3.13 (dd, J = 11.2 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′a), 2.61 (s, 3H, CH3-4), 2.48 (s, 3H, CH3-7), 2.07 (s, 3H, CH3-3). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 161.13 (C-2), 160.28, 156.95, 156.51, 155.91 (C-3′), 146.48, 142.15, 130.99, 128.63, 128.14, 123.18, 117.69, 117.25, 115.18, 108.96, 108.13, 59.06 (C-5′), 46.88 (C-4′), 21.37, 16.59, 15.09. Anal. Calcd. for C21H20N2O4: C, 69.22; H, 5.53; N, 7.69. Found: C, 69.31; H, 5.48; N, 7.73.

2.5.7. 6-[5-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-5-hydroxy-3,4,7-trimethyl-2H-chromen-2-one (39)

Yield 83%, mp 229–230 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 13.94 (s, 1H, OH-5), 8.94 (s, 1H, OH-4″), 7.74 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H, NH), 7.23 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H, H-2″), 6.81 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H, H-6″), 6.75 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H, H-5″), 6.68 (s, 1H, H-8), 4.76 (ddd, J = 3.6 Hz, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 11.2 Hz, H-5′), 3.78 (s, 3H, OCH3-3″), 3.72 (dd, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′b), 3.17 (dd, J = 11.2 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′a), 2.61 (s, 3H, CH3-4), 2.48 (s, 3H, CH3-7), 2.07 (s, 3H, CH3-3). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 161.26 (C-2), 160.09, 156.66, 156.24 (C-3′), 149.15, 146.31, 144.56, 140.96, 132.98, 123.29, 122.06, 121.34, 115.26, 109.63, 108.91, 108.13, 63.38, 59.26 (C-5′), 46.48 (C-4′), 21.38, 16.51, 15.10. Anal. Calcd. for C22H22N2O5: C, 66.99; H, 5.62; N, 7.10. Found: C, 67.08; H, 5.66; N, 7.02.

2.5.8. 6-[5-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-5-hydroxy-3,4,7-trimethylchromen-2-one (40)

Yield 74%, mp 218–219 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 13.87 (s, 1H, OH-5), 7.53 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H, NH), 7.30 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H, H-6″), 6.62 (s, 1H, H-8), 6.59 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H, H-3″), 7.30 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H, H-5″), 4.99 (ddd, J = 3.6 Hz, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 11.2 Hz, H-5′), 3.81 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.79 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.69 (dd, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′b), 3.07 (dd, J = 11.2 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′a), 2.59 (s, 3H, CH3-4), 2.45 (s, 3H, CH3-7), 2.06 (s, 3H, CH3-3). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 161.25 (C-2), 160.09, 159.56, 158.25, 157.02, 156.28 (C-3′), 146.42, 140.96, 128.56, 123.20, 117.28, 115.64, 109.61, 109.12, 108.45, 102.53, 59.46 (C-5′), 55.87, 55.27, 46.62 (C-4′), 21.36, 16.46, 15.14. Anal. Calcd. for C23H24N2O5: C, 67.63; H, 5.92; N, 6.86. Found: C, 67.71; H, 5.95; N, 6.81.

2.5.9. 5-Hydroxy-3,4,7-trimethyl-6-[5-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-chromen-2-one (41)

Yield 69%, mp 214–215 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 13.90 (s, 1H, OH-5), 7.63 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H, NH), 7.06 (s, 1H, H-6″), 6.72 (s, 1H, H-3″), 6.67 (s, 1H, H-8), 5.02 (ddd, J = 3.6 Hz, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 11.2 Hz, H-5′), 3.79 (s, 6H, OCH3), 3.71 (dd, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′b), 3.70 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.06 (dd, J = 11.2 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′a), 2.61 (s, 3H, CH3-4), 2.46 (s, 3H, CH3-7), 2.07 (s, 3H, CH3-3). 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 161.06 (C-2), 157.98 (C-3′), 153.57, 152.36, 151.74, 149.49, 148.88, 143.13, 140.19, 121.26, 119.41, 113.37, 112.39, 110.25, 108.19, 99.07, 57.44 (C-5′), 56.96, 56.93, 56.51, 44.40 (C-4′), 23.22, 20.05, 13.46. Anal. Calcd. for C24H26N2O6: C, 65.74; H, 5.98; N, 6.39. Found: C, 65.65; H, 5.91; N, 6.42.

2.5.10. 8-[5-(2-Chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-9-hydroxy-7-methyl-2,3-dihydrocyclopenta[c]chromen-4-one (42)

Yield 79%, mp 231–232 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 13.29 (s, 1H, OH-9), 7.84 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H, NH), 7.66 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H, H-6′′), 7.48 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32–7.41 (m, 2H), 6.69 (s, 1H, H-8), 5.16 (ddd, J = 3.6 Hz, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 11.2 Hz, H-5′), 3.90 (dd, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′b), 3.08 (dd, J = 11.2 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′a), 3.28–3.40 (m, 2H, CH2-3), 2.62–2.70 (m, 2H, CH2-1), 2.45 (s, 3H, CH3-7), 2.00–2.09 (m, 2H, CH2-2). Anal. Calcd. for C22H19ClN2O3: C, 66.92; H, 4.85; Cl, 8.98; N 7.09. Found: C, 66.68; H, 4.80; Cl, 9.02; N, 7.03.

2.5.11. 9-Hydroxy-8-[5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-7-methyl-2,3-dihydrocyclopenta[c]chromen-4-one (43)

Yield 75%, mp 205–206 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 13.54 (s, 1H, OH-9), 7.66 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H, NH), 7.66 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H, H-8), 5.06 (ddd, J = 3.6 Hz, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 11.2 Hz, H-5′), 3.79 (s, 3H, OCH3-2′′), 3.76 (dd, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′b), 3.29–3.42 (m, 2H, CH2-3), 3.08 (dd, J = 11.2 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′a), 2.63–2.69 (m, 2H, CH2-1), 2.48 (s, 3H, CH3-7), 2.01–2.11 (m, 2H, CH2-2). Anal. Calcd. for C23H22N2O4: C, 70.75; H, 5.68; N, 7.17. Found: C, 70.81; H, 5.62; N, 7.19.

2.5.12. 8-[5-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-9-hydroxy-7-methyl-2,3-dihydrocyclopenta[c]chromen-4-one (44)

Yield 86%, mp 219–220 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 13.57 (s, 1H, OH-9), 7.58 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H, NH), 7.29 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H, H-6′′), 6.72 (s, 1H, H-8), 6.58 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H, H-3′′), 6.52 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H, H-5′′), 5.00 (ddd, J = 3.6 Hz, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 11.2 Hz, H-5′), 3.80 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.75 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.71 (dd, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′b), 3.30–3.41 (m, 2H, CH2-3), 3.07 (dd, J = 11.2 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′a), 2.62–2.71 (m, 2H, CH2-1), 2.48 (s, 3H, CH3-7), 2.01–2.09 (m, 2H, CH2-2). Anal. Calcd. for C24H24N2O5: C, 68.56; H, 5.75; N, 6.66. Found: C, 68.51; H, 5.79; N, 6.71.

2.5.13. 9-Hydroxy-7-methyl-8-[5-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-2,3-dihydrocyclopenta[c]chromen-4-one (45)

Yield 72%, mp 227–228 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 13.57 (s, 1H, OH-9), 7.62 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H, NH), 7.14 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H, H-6′′), 6.80 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H, H-5′′), 6.69 (s, 1H, H-8), 4.98 (ddd, J = 3.6 Hz, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 11.2 Hz, H-5′), 3.83 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.79 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.76 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.72 (dd, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′b), 3.25–3.42 (m, 2H, CH2-3), 3.11 (dd, J = 11.2 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′a), 2.62–2.70 (m, 2H, CH2-1), 2.48 (s, 3H, CH3-7), 1.99–2.11 (m, 2H, CH2-2). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 160.94 (C-4), 160.19, 156.79, 156.18 (C-3′), 153.03, 152.46, 151.62, 145.60, 140.97, 127.97, 122.65, 118.19, 114.85, 109.63, 108.19, 104.74, 60.88, 59.22 (C-5′), 57.51, 55.97, 46.63 (C-4′), 35.04, 31.98, 24.89, 21.38. Anal. Calcd. for C25H26N2O6: C, 66.66; H, 5.82; N, 6.22. Found: C, 66.72; H, 5.86; N, 6.29.

2.5.14. 9-Hydroxy-7-methyl-8-[5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-2,3-dihydrocyclopenta[c]chromen-4-one (46)

Yield 84%, mp 231–232 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 13.49 (s, 1H, OH-9), 7.80 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H, NH), 6.77 (s, 2H, H-2′′, H-6′′), 6.72 (s, 1H, H-8), 4.81 (ddd, J = 3.6 Hz, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 11.2 Hz, H-5′), 3.79 (s, 6H, OCH3), 3.76 (dd, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′b), 3.65 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.28–3.42 (m, 2H, CH2-3), 3.19 (dd, J = 11.2 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′a), 2.61–2.70 (m, 2H, CH2-1), 2.47 (s, 3H, CH3-7), 2.00–2.11 (m, 2H, CH2-2). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 161.08 (C-4), 160.36, 156.60, 156.09 (C-3′), 154.28, 153.88, 151.48, 140.83, 137.65, 135.53, 127.69, 114.96, 108.29, 104.68, 104.12, 103.98, 59.69 (C-5′), 57.63, 55.85, 55.81, 46.45 (C-4′), 35.06, 32.04, 24.92, 21.37. Anal. Calcd. for C25H26N2O6: C, 66.66; H, 5.82; N, 6.22. Found: C, 66.63; H, 5.88; N, 6.17.

2.5.15. 1-Hydroxy-2-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-3-methyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-6-one (47)

Yield 78%, mp 238–239 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 13.88 (s, 1H, OH-1), 8.93 (s, 1H, OH-4′′), 7.73 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H, NH), 7.02 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H, H-2′′), 6.81 (dd, J = 2.0 Hz, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H, H-6′′), 6.75 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H, H-5′′), 6.68 (s, 1H, H-4), 4.75 (ddd, J = 3.6 Hz, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 11.2 Hz, H-5′), 3.78 (s, 3H, OCH3-3′′), 3.78 (dd, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′b), 3.19 (dd, J = 11.2 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′a), 3.11–3.17 (m, 2H, CH2-7), 2.48 (s, 3H, CH3-3), 2.38–2.43 (m, 2H, CH2-10), 1.62–1.72 (m, 4H, CH2-8, CH2-9). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 161.37 (C-4), 159.84, 156.55, 156.02 (C-3′), 149.15, 148.62, 144.57, 140.96, 132.98, 124.42, 122.06, 121.34, 114.95, 109.68, 108.36, 106.48, 59.85 (C-5′), 55.89, 46.57 (C-4′), 25.76, 24.36, 21.95, 21.69, 21.37. Anal. Calcd. for C24H24N2O5: C, 68.56; H, 5.75; N, 6.66. Found: C, 68.61; H, 5.73; N, 6.62.

2.5.16. 2-[5-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-1-hydroxy-3-methyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-6-one (48)

Yield 81%, mp 231–231 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 13.75 (s, 1H, OH-1), 7.80 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H, NH), 6.67 (s, 1H, H-4), 6.60 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 2H, H-2′′, H-6′′), 6.43 (dd, J = 2.4 Hz, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H, H-4′′), 4.78 (ddd, J = 3.6 Hz, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 11.2 Hz, H-5′), 3.79 (dd, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′b), 3.75 (s, 6H, OCH3-3′′, OCH3-5′′), 3.20 (dd, J = 11.2 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′a), 3.11–3.16 (m, 2H, CH2-7), 2.47 (s, 3H, CH3-3), 2.36–2.42 (m, 2H, CH2-10), 1.64–1.74 (m, 4H, CH2-8, CH2-9). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 162.57, 162.39, 161.57 (C-4), 160.13, 157.03, 156.18 (C-3′), 148.48, 142.65, 141.23, 124.19, 114.88, 108.19, 106.37, 106.11, 105.68, 97.96, 59.23 (C-5′), 55.89, 55.41, 46.45 (C-4′), 25.77, 24.35, 21.97, 21.69, 21.37. Anal. Calcd. for C25H26N2O5: C, 69.11; H, 6.03; N, 6.45. Found: C, 69.04; H, 5.95; N, 6.49.

2.5.17. 1-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-[5-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-6-one (49)

Yield 73%, mp 217–218 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 13.87 (s, 1H, OH-1), 7.63 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H, NH), 7.06 (s, 1H, H-6′′), 6.72 (s, 1H, H-3′′), 6.66 (s, 1H, H-4), 5.00 (ddd, J = 3.6 Hz, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 11.2 Hz, H-5′), 3.79 (s, 6H, OCH3), 3.74 (dd, J = 10.4 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′b), 3.70 (s, 6H, OCH3), 3.11–3.16 (m, 2H, CH2-7), 3.07 (dd, J = 11.2 Hz, J = 16.4 Hz, H-4′a), 2.46 (s, 3H, CH3-3), 2.38–2.44 (m, 2H, CH2-10), 1.62–1.73 (m, 4H, CH2-8, CH2-9). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, TMS): δ 161.30 (C-4), 159.84, 156.75, 156.69 (C-3′), 153.36, 149.90, 148.12, 145.96, 140.89, 124.41, 118.19, 114.89, 113.56, 108.36, 106.40, 103.24, 59.69 (C-5′), 56.94, 56.59, 55.87, 46.79 (C-4′), 25.76, 24.35, 21.98, 21.69, 21.37. Anal. Calcd. for C26H28N2O6: C, 67.23; H, 6.08; N, 6.03. Found: C, 67.19; H, 6.09; N, 6.07.

3. Results and discussion

3.1. Chemistry

The starting 5-hydroxy-7-methylcoumarins 1–5 were synthesized via a Pechmann reaction of orcinol and the appropriate ethylacylacetates in the presence of a condensing agent (conc. H2SO4) (Confalone and Confalone, 1983, Nagorichna et al., 2009a). Acetylation of hydroxycoumarins 1–5 by acetic anhydride in pyridine led to 5-acetoxycoumarins 6–10, Fries rearrangement of which in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3 at 120–130 °C afforded to 6-acetylcoumarins 11–15 in high yields (Confalone and Confalone, 1983, Nagorichna et al., 2009a). Claisen–Schmidt condensation of 11–15 and aromatic aldehydes in EtOH in the presence of catalytic amounts of pyrrolidine led to annelation of a 2-aryltetrahydropyran-4-one and formation of 2-aryl-5-methyl-2,3-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromen-4,8-diones 16–32 (Nikitina et al., 2015, Khan and Bawa, 2001). Obviously, the angular pyronoflavanones were formed through the corresponding intermediate chalcones, which heterocyclized under the reaction conditions (see Scheme 1).

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1

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Synthesis of new 6-pyrazolinylcoumarin derivatives.

1H NMR spectra of 16–32 showed resonances for H-2 (5.56–5.99 ppm, dd, J = 2.4 and 13.6 Hz), equatorial H-3 (2.68–2.86 ppm, dd, J = 2.4 and 16.8 Hz), and axial H-3 (3.16–3.46 ppm, dd, J = 13.6 and 16.8 Hz), which are characteristic for flavanone protons (Batterham and Highet, 1964). The annelation of 2-aryltetrahydropyran-4-one core also was confirmed by 13C NMR spectral data, for compounds 16–32, which are presented by the characteristic signals for flavanone cycle (189–190, 74–79 and 44–45 ppm) and the signal of carbonyl group (161 ppm).

Hydrazine is known to react with flavanones to give various compounds, depending on the reaction conditions. In particular, the principal products can be hydrazones of flavanones, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylpyrazolines, or azines of flavanones (Kálly et al., 1965a, Kálly et al., 1965b). We found that the flavanone core recyclized upon heating EtOH solutions of 16–32 with a fivefold excess of hydrazine hydrate and formed 6-[5-aryl-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-5-hydroxy-7-methylcoumarins 33–49. In the 1H NMR spectra of the latters the resonances characteristic of the coumarin and pyrazoline moieties (Nikitina et al., 2015) are presented. In particular, the methylene diastereotopic protons are resonated at 3.06–3.31 (dd, J = 11.2 and 16.4 Hz) and 3.69–3.90 ppm (dd, J = 10.4 and 16.4 Hz) whereas pyrazoline H-5 was observed as a multiplet (ddd, J = 3.6, 10.4 and 11.2 Hz) at 4.75–5.16 ppm. A characteristic feature of the 1H NMR spectra of 33–49 was the separation of the NH and OH proton signals. The NH proton appeared as a doublet with J = 3.6 Hz at 7.53–7.88 ppm. The presence of the hydroxyl proton at weak field (13.29–13.94 ppm) was indicative of an intramolecular interaction between of the latter and the pyrazoline N atom. Recyclization of pyronoflavanones and formation of substituted pyrazolines also were confirmed by 13C NMR spectra data of the compounds 33–49. In 13C NMR spectra the characteristic signals of pyrazoline core (156, 59–60 and 46–47 ppm) and the signal of carbon atom of the carbonyl group of coumarin core (161 ppm) are observed.

3.2. In vitro evaluation of the anticancer activity

Synthesized derivatives 33–49 were selected by National Cancer Institute (NCI, Bethesda USA) Developmental Therapeutic Program (DTP) and evaluated for anticancer activity at the concentration of 10−5 M toward a panel of approximately sixty cancer cell lines (http://dtp.nci.nih.gov). The human tumor cell lines were derived from nine different cancer types: leukemia, melanoma, lung, colon, central nervous system, ovarian, renal, prostate and breast cancers. Primary anticancer assays were performed according to the NCI protocol as described elsewhere (Boyd and Paull, 1995, Boyd, 1997, Shoemaker, 2006, Monks et al., 1991, Alley et al., 1988). The compounds were added at a single concentration and the cell cultures were incubated for 48 h. The end point determinations were made with a protein binding dye, sulforhodamine B (SRB). The results for each compound are reported as the percent growth (GP%) of treated cells when compared to untreated control cells (Table 1). The range of percent growth shows the lowest and the highest percent growth found among the different cancer cell lines.

Table 1.

Anticancer screening data at the concentration of 10 μM.

Comp Mean growth % Range of growth % The most sensitive cell lines GP % of the most sensitive cell lines Positive cytostatic effecta
33 87.06 58.56–132.97 LOX IMVI (Melanoma) 58.56 0/54
34 92.06 57.13–126.03 CCRF-CEM (Leukemia) 57.13 0/55
35 87.12 48.11–118.14 SNB-75 (CNS Cancer) 48.11 1/56
36 85.90 54.55–116.54 HL-60(TB) (Leukemia) 54.55 0/58
37 85.09 45.38–118.29 HL-60(TB) (Leukemia) 49.57 2/56
RXF 393 (Renal Cancer) 45.38
38 77.50 36.66–117.26 NCI-H226 (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer) 36.66 4/55
ACHN (Renal Cancer) 47.88
MDA-MB-231/ATCC (Breast Cancer) 42.56
T-47D (Breast Cancer) 42.17
39 94.13 49.45–146.45 MDA-MB-231/ATCC (Breast Cancer) 49.45 1/55
40 89.72 52.34–115.97 MDA-MB-231/ATCC (Breast Cancer) 52.34 0/56
41 87.44 51.78–138.22 RXF 393 (Renal Cancer) 51.78 0/54
42 93.24 58.27–112.72 CCRF-CEM (Leukemia) 58.27 0/58
43 89.29 49.08–110.64 CCRF-CEM (Leukemia) 49.08 1/58
44 81.65 7.88–105.92 HL-60(TB) (Leukemia) 7.88 1/56
45 91.40 36.95–148.57 RXF 393 (Renal Cancer) 36.95 1/56
46 99.04 55.89–137.85 SNB-75 (CNS Cancer) 55.89 0/54
47 60.64 −44.56 to 107.74 CCRF-CEM (Leukemia) 16.09 17/58
HL-60(TB) (Leukemia) 35.62
MOLT-4 (Leukemia) −44.56
SR (Leukemia) 28.44
NCI-H460 (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer) 37.66
HCT-15 (Colon Cancer) 39.85
LOX IMVI (Melanoma) 37.15
IGROV1 (Ovarian Cancer) 36.66
CAKI-1 (Renal Cancer) 39.10
48 100.34 61.93–121.35 SNB-75 (CNS Cancer) 61.93 0/58
49 97.25 51.08–127.04 CCRF-CEM (Leukemia) 51.08 0/56
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a

Ratio between number of cell lines with percent growth from 0 to 50 and total number of cell lines.

The most active compound 47 was found to be effective against 17 cell lines with the average cell growth percents (GPmean) of 60.64%. Moreover, this derivative demonstrated cytotoxic effect on Leukemia line MOLT-4 (GP = −44.56%) and significant cytostatic action toward CCRF-CEM (Leukemia), SR (Leukemia), NCI-H460 (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer), HCT-15 (Colon Cancer), LOX IMVI (Melanoma) and CAKI-1 (Renal Cancer) with range of GP = 16.09–39.85%. Compound 38 was found to be moderately effective against NCI-H226 (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer), ACHN (Renal Cancer), T-47D (Breast Cancer) and MDA-MB-468 (Breast Cancer) with GP = 36.66–47.88%. For the compounds 35, 37, 39, 43, 44 and 45 the average percents of cell growth (GPmean) were 81.65–94.13%. However, it should be noted the selectivity toward SNB-75 (CNS Cancer) – GP = 48.11% (35), RXF 393 (Renal Cancer) – GP = 45.38% (37) and 36.08% (45), MDA-MB-231/ATCC (Breast Cancer) – GP = 49.45% (39), CCRF-CEM (Leukemia) – GP = 49.08% (43), and HL-60(TB) (Leukemia) – GP = 7.88% (44) (Table 1).

Finally, compound 47 was selected for an advanced assay against a panel of approximately sixty tumor cell lines at 10-fold dilutions of five concentrations (100 μM, 10 μM, 1.0 μM, 0.1 μM and 0.01 μM) (Boyd and Paull, 1995, Boyd, 1997, Shoemaker, 2006, Monks et al., 1991, Alley et al., 1988). The percentage of growth was evaluated spectrophotometrically versus controls not treated with test agents after 48-h exposure and using SRB protein assay to estimate cell viability or growth. Dose–response parameters were calculated for each cell line: GI50 – molar concentration of the compound that inhibits 50% net cell growth; TGI – molar concentration of the compound leading to the total inhibition; and LC50 – molar concentration of the compound leading to 50% net cell death. Furthermore, a mean graph midpoints (MG_MID) were calculated for GI50, giving an average activity parameter over all cell lines for the tested compound. For the MG_MID calculation, insensitive cell lines were included with the highest concentration tested.

The most active compound 47 showed inhibition activity (GI50 < 10 μM) against 45 of 58 human tumor cell lines with average GI50 values of 10.29. Moreover, the mentioned derivative demonstrated a certain sensitivity profile toward the Leukemia cell lines CCRF-CEM, HL-60(TB) and MOLT-4 with the range of GI50 values 1.88–2.10 μM (Table 2). Values of TGI and LC50 were above the 100 μM except data of TGI for Leukemia cell lines CCRF-CEM (TGI = 5.06 μM), HL-60(TB) (TGI = 59.6 μM) and MOLT-4 (TGI = 4.04 μM), as well Breast Cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 (TGI = 81.3 μM).

Table 2.

Influence of compound 47 on the growth of tumor cell lines.

Disease Cell lime GI50, μM Disease Cell lime GI50, μM
Leukemia CCRF-CEM
HL-60(TB)
MOLT-4
RPMI-8226
SR		 1.88
2.10
1.92
5.10
4.52		 Melanoma LOX IMVI
MALME-3M
M14
MDA-MB-435
SK-MEL-2
SK-MEL-28
SK-MEL-5
UACC-257
UACC-62		 3.79
30.7
8.26
5.83
32.5
12.1
3.47
14.8
4.96
MG_MID 3.10 MG_MID 12.93
NSC lung cancer A549/ATCC
EKVX
HOP-62
HOP-92
NCI-H226
NCI-H23
NCI-H322M
NCI-H522
NCI-H460		 6.56
9.55
7.75
3.78
33.0
6.01
7.61
3.91
5.41		 Ovarian cancer IGROV1
OVCAR-3
OVCAR-4
OVCAR-5
OVCAR-8
NCI/ADR-RES
SK-OV-3		 4.57
5.23
7.51
13.4
6.02
4.24
8.24
MG_MID 9.29 MG_MID 7.03
Colon cancer COLO 205
HCC-2998
HCT-116
HCT-15
HT29
KM12
SW-620		 13.4
6.97
5.63
4.82
11.0
5.99
5.93		 Renal cancer 786-0
A498
ACHN
CAKI-1
SN12C
TK-10
UO-31		 7.24
>100.0
5.14
4.20
8.14
13.4
4.93
MG_MID 7.68 MG_MID 20.44
CNS cancer SF-268
SF-295
SF-539
SNB-19
SNB-75
U251		 6.18
4.91
6.60
8.76
3.57
6.37		 Breast cancer MCF7
MDA-MB-231/ATCC
HS 578T
BT-549
T-47D
MDA-MB-468		 3.44
4.22
6.87
44.7
3.25
4.19
MG_MID 6.07 MG_MID 11.11
Prostate Cancer PC-3
DU-145		 12.7
19.5
MG_MID 16.1
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The SAR study revealed that the level of antitumor activity of synthesized compounds depends on substituents at 3,4-positions of coumarin core. The presence of the cyclohexyl fragment (47) improved the antiproliferative activity in comparison with cyclopentyl residue or methyl groups. The same trend was observed for other 6-heteroarylcoumarins described in our previous paper (Galayev et al., 2015). Moreover, we noticed that compounds bearing 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl (47) and 4-hydroxyphenyl (38) substituents at position 5 of the pyrazoline fragment were more active than other analogues (40, 41, 48, 49).

3.3. COMPARE analysis

NCI’s COMPARE algorithm (Boyd and Paull, 1995, Boyd, 1997, Shoemaker, 2006, Monks et al., 1991) allows to assume biochemical mechanisms of action of the novel compounds on the basis of their in vitro activity profiles when comparing with those of standard agents. We performed COMPARE computations for the compound 47 against the NCI “Standard Agents” database at the GI50 level (Table 3). However, the obtained Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) did not allow to distinguish cytotoxicity mechanism of tested compounds with high probability. The compound 47 showed the highest correlation at the GI50 level with menogaril – tubulin polymerization inhibitor (PCC = 0.609); dichloroallyl lawsone – pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitor (PCC = 0.605); amsacrine – inhibitor of topoisomerase II (PCC = 0.605), as well as some alkylating agents – flurodopan, melphalan, hepsulfam and chlorambucil (PCC = 0.623–0.711).

Table 3.

COMPARE analysis results for compound 47 at GI50 level.

Rank PCCa Target Target vector NSC Target mechanism of actionb
1 0.711 Fluorodopan S73754 Alkylating agent
2 0.655 Melphalan S8806 Nitrogen mustard alkylating agent
3 0.624 Hepsulfam S329680 Alkylsulfonate alkylating agents, which induced DNA interstrand cross-links
4 0.623 Chlorambucil S3088 Nitrogen mustard alkylating agent
5 0.609 Menogaril S269148 Inhibition of initial rate of tubulin polymerization
6 0.605 Dichloroallyl lawsone S126771 Inhibitor of pyrimidine nucleothides biosynthesis
7 0.605 m-AMSA (amsacrine) S249992 Inhibitor of topoisomerase II
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a

Only correlations with PCC ⩾ 0.60 were selected, as significant.

b

Putative mechanisms of action were identified with the use of literature sources.

4. Conclusions

In the presented paper new 6-pyrazolinylcoumarin derivatives are described. Antitumor activity assay of seventeen synthesized compounds allowed to identify 1-hydroxy-2-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-3-methyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-6-one 47 (GI50mean = 10.20 μM in the NCI 60-cell-line assay) with certain sensitivity profile toward the Leukemia cell lines CCRF-CEM and MOLT-4 (GI50/TGI values 1.88/5.06 μM and 1.92/4.04 μM respectively). Further investigations of the 6-heteroarylcoumarins derivatives could lead to more potent compounds as promising candidates for the development of new anticancer chemotherapy.

Acknowledgment

We thank Dr. V.L. Narayanan from the Drug Synthesis and Chemistry Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, for in vitro evaluation of anticancer activity.

Footnotes

Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University.

Appendix A

Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2016.05.005.

Appendix A. Supplementary material

Supplementary data 1
mmc1.doc (2MB, doc)

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