Table 1. Characteristics of all patients by ethnicity.
| Ethnicity | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Total | Non-Hispanic White | Hispanic White | African American | Asian | P Value |
| Patients | ||||||
| No. % | 33 062 | 15 986 (48) | 6535 (20) | 4842 (15) | 5699 (17) | |
| Age | < .0001a | |||||
| Mean [SD],y | 63 [12] | 63 [11] | 62 [12] | 60 [10] | 63 [13] | |
| Median [IQR],y | 61 [55–71] | 62 [55–72] | 60 [53–70] | 59 [54–64] | 63 [55–73] | |
| Gender (%) | < .0001b | |||||
| Male | 25 728 (78) | 12 698 (79) | 5061 (77) | 3779 (78) | 4190 (74) | |
| Female | 7334 (22) | 3288 (21) | 1474 (23) | 1063 (22) | 1509 (27) | |
| Marital status (%) | < .0001a | |||||
| Married | 16937 (51) | 8151 (51) | 3285 (50) | 1607 (33) | 3894 (68) | |
| Unmarried | 14775 (45) | 7158 (45) | 3003 (46) | 2999 (62) | 1615 (28) | |
| Unknown | 1350 (4) | 677 (4) | 247 (4) | 236 (5) | 190 (3) | |
| Education (%)c | < .0001b | |||||
| Mean [SD] | 16 [6] | 15 [6] | 19 [6] | 16 [5] | 16 [5] | |
| Median [IQR] | 15 [12–22] | 14 [11–20] | 20 [14–23] | 15 [12–18] | 14 [12–23] | |
| Poverty (%) | < .0001a | |||||
| Mean [SD] | 16 [5] | 15 [5] | 17 [4] | 18 [6] | 14 [4] | |
| Median [IQR] | 16 [12–18] | 14 [12–18] | 18 [13–18] | 18 [13–23] | 13 [10–18] | |
| Income (%) | < .0001a | |||||
| Mean [SD] | 59619 [14401] | 58 600 [14690] | 59478 [12533] | 53924 [13423] | 67477 [13132] | |
| Median [IQR] | 55910 [50588–69710] | 56490 [48260–66520] | 55910 [54090–62960] | 55060 [41180–61260] | 67180 [55910–75600] | |
| Residence (%) | < .0001b | |||||
| Rural | 2592 (8) | 1957 (12) | 255 (4) | 265 (5) | 115 (2) | |
| Urban | 30470 (92) | 14029 (88) | 6280 (96) | 4577 (95) | 5584 (98) | |
| Lesion number (%) | .002b | |||||
| Single | 32015 (97) | 15438 (97) | 6373 (98) | 4697 (97) | 5507 (97) | |
| Multiple | 1047 (3) | 548 (3) | 162 (2) | 145 (3) | 192 (3) | |
| Grade (%) | < .0001b | |||||
| Well differentiated | 4325 (13) | 2209 (14) | 883 (14) | 598 (12) | 635 (11) | |
| Moderately differentiated | 5377 (16) | 2664 (17) | 896 (14) | 797 (16) | 1020 (18) | |
| Poorly differentiated | 2854 (9) | 1358 (8) | 466 (7) | 438 (9) | 592 (10) | |
| Undifferentiated | 281 (1) | 140 (1) | 43 (1) | 39 (1) | 59 (1) | |
| Unknown | 20225 (61) | 9615 (60) | 4247 (65) | 2970 (61) | 3393 (60) | |
| Stage (%) | < .0001b | |||||
| Localized | 16143 (49) | 7822 (49) | 3304 (51) | 2175 (45) | 2842 (50) | |
| Regional | 9618 (29) | 4573 (29) | 1849 (28) | 1473 (30) | 1723 (30) | |
| Distant | 5201 (16) | 2466 (15) | 984 (15) | 906 (19) | 845 (15) | |
| Unstaged | 2100 (6) | 1125 (7) | 398 (6) | 288 (6) | 289 (5) | |
| Tumor size (cm),% | < .0001b | |||||
| < 3 | 6693 (20) | 3499 (22) | 1335 (20) | 808 (17) | 1051 (18) | |
| 3–5 | 7519 (23) | 3613 (23) | 1601 (24) | 1030 (21) | 1275 (22) | |
| > 5 | 12184 (37) | 5497 (34) | 2370 (36) | 1847 (38) | 2470 (43) | |
| Unknown | 6666 (20) | 3377 (21) | 1229 (19) | 1157 (24) | 903 (16) | |
| Lymph node involvement (%) | < .0001b | |||||
| No lymph node | 25833 (78) | 12380 (77) | 5091 (78) | 3753 (78) | 4609 (81) | |
| Lymph node | 2272 (7) | 1239 (8) | 351 (5) | 401 (8) | 281 (5) | |
| Unknown | 4957 (15) | 2367 (15) | 1093 (17) | 688 (14) | 809 (14) | |
| Vascular Invasion (%) | < .0001b | |||||
| No Vascular Invasion | 16749 (51) | 8187 (51) | 3412 (52) | 2297 (47) | 2853 (50) | |
| Vascular Invasion | 13467 (41) | 6269 (39) | 2569 (39) | 2137 (44) | 2492 (44) | |
| Unknown | 2846 (9) | 1530 (10) | 554 (8) | 408 (8) | 354 (6) | |
| Metastatic status (%) | < .0001b | |||||
| No metastasis | 25038 (76) | 12119 (76) | 4937 (76) | 3579 (74) | 4403 (77) | |
| Metastasis | 5154 (16) | 2469 (15) | 989 (15) | 882 (18) | 814 (14) | |
| Unknown | 2870 (9) | 1398 (9) | 609 (9) | 381 (8) | 482 (8) | |
| AFPd (%) | < .0001b | |||||
| Positive | 19366 (59) | 8672 (54) | 3928 (60) | 3221 (67) | 3545 (62) | |
| Negative | 5705 (17) | 3002 (19) | 1186 (18) | 546 (11) | 971 (17) | |
| Borderline | 74 (0) | 48 (0) | 8 (0) | 10 (0) | 8 (0) | |
| Unknown | 7917 (24) | 4264 (27) | 1413 (22) | 1065 (22) | 1175 (21) | |
| Fibrosis (%) | < .0001b | |||||
| None to moderate fibrosis | 1622 (5) | 723 (5) | 236 (4) | 220 (5) | 443 (8) | |
| Severe fibrosis or cirrhosis | 5448 (16) | 2678 (17) | 1209 (19) | 709 (15) | 852 (15) | |
| Unknown | 25992 (79) | 12585 (79) | 5090 (78) | 3913 (81) | 4404 (77) | |
| Treatment (%) | < .0001b | |||||
| None | 24646 (75) | 11672 (73) | 5178 (79) | 3850 (80) | 3946 (69) | |
| Tumor destruction | 3102 (9) | 1544 (10) | 596 (9) | 368 (8) | 594 (10) | |
| Surgical resection | 3002 (9) | 1364 (9) | 349 (5) | 406 (8) | 883 (15) | |
| Liver transplantation | 2016 (6) | 1221 (8) | 374 (6) | 178 (4) | 243 (4) | |
| Unknown | 296 (1) | 185 (1) | 38 (1) | 40 (1) | 33 (1) |
a one-way ANOVA test.
b Pearson Chi-Square.
c Indicates the percentage of adults aged ≥ 25 years who had < 12 years of education.
d AFP positive indicates AFP > 15 ng/ml.