Table 2.
Individual characteristics of 51,043 participants of the NutriNet-Santé study (2014), according to the BIS-11 total score and its categories, according to gender.
| Variables | Whole Sample | p 1 | Men (n = 11,929) | p 1 | Women (n = 39,144) | p 1 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BIS-11 Mean (SD) | Over-Control (n = 2641) | Average Impulsivity (n = 8691) | High Impulsivity (n = 597) | Over-Control (n = 6460) | Average Impulsivity (n = 30,051) | High Impulsivity (n = 2603) | ||||
| Age (years) 2 | 55.8 (13.5) | 55.9 (14.3) | 55.8 (14.6) | 0.959 | 49.0 (13.8) | 48.9 (14.3) | 48.3 (15.2) | 0.18 | ||
| Age categories (%) | <0.0001 | 0.02 | <0.0001 | |||||||
| (18–24) | 60.8 (8.4) | 16.6 | 74.3 | 9.1 | 11.4 | 78.1 | 10.6 | |||
| (25–39) | 58.8 (7.9) | 20.6 | 74.9 | 4.5 | 17.0 | 76.5 | 6.6 | |||
| (40–54) | 58.5 (8.0) | 23.9 | 71.1 | 5.0 | 17.1 | 76.6 | 6.2 | |||
| (55–64) | 58.7 (7.9) | 23.1 | 72.2 | 4.7 | 16.3 | 77.4 | 6.4 | |||
| 65+ | 58.8 (8.2) | 21.2 | 73.6 | 5.3 | 16.3 | 76.6 | 7.1 | |||
| Education (%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||||
| Primary | 61.5 (8.7) | 17.3 | 70.5 | 12.2 | 8.8 | 77.0 | 14.1 | |||
| Secondary | 59.8 (8.3) | 19.1 | 74.2 | 6.7 | 14.0 | 77.0 | 9.1 | |||
| University | 58.2 (7.6) | 23.9 | 72.3 | 3.8 | 17.9 | 76.8 | 5.4 | |||
| Smoking status (%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||||
| Never smoker | 57.8 (7.8) | 26.6 | 70.1 | 3.3 | 19.1 | 75.9 | 5.1 | |||
| Former smoker | 59.3 (8.0) | 19.9 | 74.5 | 5.6 | 14.4 | 77.8 | 7.7 | |||
| Current smoker | 60.8 (8.3) | 15.6 | 75.9 | 8.6 | 11.5 | 78.1 | 10.4 | |||
| Alcohol intake (g/day) 2 | 10.9 (12.9) | 13.0 (14.1) | 14.5 (15.8) | <0.0001 | 4.5 (6.7) | 5.3 (7.4) | 6.6 (9.4) | <0.0001 | ||
| Physical activity (%) | <0.0001 | 0.026 | <0.0001 | |||||||
| Low | 59.3 (8.2) | 21.7 | 72.3 | 6.0 | 15.7 | 76.7 | 7.7 | |||
| Moderate | 58.7 (7.9) | 20.9 | 74.2 | 4.9 | 16.2 | 77.7 | 6.2 | |||
| High | 58.4 (8.0) | 23.4 | 72.0 | 4.6 | 17.6 | 75.9 | 6.5 | |||
| Occupational status (%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||||
| Unemployed | 60.9 (8.6) | 14.0 | 76.3 | 9.7 | 12.2 | 76.5 | 11.3 | |||
| Student | 60.9 (8.6) | 10.7 | 78.7 | 10.7 | 13.4 | 74.9 | 11.7 | |||
| Self-employed, farmer | 59.4 (8.0) | 21.0 | 73.1 | 5.9 | 13.0 | 79.5 | 7.5 | |||
| Employee, manual worker | 59.7 (8.0) | 17.1 | 75.5 | 7.4 | 14.7 | 77.7 | 7.6 | |||
| Managerial staff, intellectual profession | 57.3 (7.5) | 26.9 | 70.5 | 2.6 | 20.2 | 75.8 | 4.1 | |||
| Intermediate professions | 58.3 (7.7) | 21.0 | 73.2 | 5.7 | 17.8 | 77.0 | 5.3 | |||
| Retired | 58.7 (8.0) | 21.7 | 73.2 | 5.1 | 16.2 | 77.3 | 6.5 | |||
| Monthly income per household unit (%) 3 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||||
| Less than 900 € | 61.4 (8.8) | 16.6 | 73.0 | 10.5 | 11.0 | 75.8 | 13.2 | |||
| Between 900 € and 1200 € | 59.7 (8.1) | 16.8 | 75.8 | 7.4 | 15.0 | 76.6 | 8.4 | |||
| Between 1200 € and 1800 € | 59.4 (8.1) | 20.4 | 73.2 | 6.4 | 14.2 | 78.3 | 7.5 | |||
| Between 1800 € and 2300 € | 58.9 (7.8) | 20.4 | 74.1 | 5.5 | 16.3 | 77.4 | 6.2 | |||
| Between 2300 € and 2700 € | 58.3 (7.8) | 21.0 | 74.7 | 4.3 | 18.1 | 76.5 | 5.5 | |||
| Between 2700 € and 3700 € | 57.7 (7.6) | 24.4 | 71.9 | 3.8 | 19.0 | 76.4 | 4.6 | |||
| More than 3700 € | 57.3 (7.6) | 26.2 | 70.4 | 3.4 | 20.2 | 75.7 | 4.1 | |||
| Unwilling to answer | 58.5 (8.0) | 22.6 | 73.6 | 3.8 | 17.7 | 75.9 | 6.4 | |||
| Matrimonial status (%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||||
| Living alone | 60.2 (8.4) | 18.4 | 73.5 | 8.1 | 13.0 | 77.2 | 9.8 | |||
| Living with a partner | 59.3 (7.9) | 19.1 | 73.9 | 7.1 | 14.5 | 78.3 | 7.2 | |||
| Married | 57.9 (7.8) | 24.0 | 71.9 | 4.1 | 19.0 | 75.8 | 5.2 | |||
| Divorced, separated, widowed | 59.7 (8.2) | 19.1 | 73.9 | 7.1 | 14.4 | 77.7 | 7.9 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) 2 | 24.8 (3.6) | 25.2 (3.8) | 26.3 (4.6) | <0.0001 | 23.4 (4.5) | 23.7 (4.6) | 24.3 (5.3) | <0.0001 | ||
| Nutritional status (%) | <0.0001 4 | <0.0001 4 | <0.0001 4 | |||||||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 58.8 (8.4) | 21.3 | 69.7 | 9.0 | 18.7 | 74.3 | 7.0 | |||
| Normal (18.5–24.99 kg/m2) | 58.5 (7.9) | 23.5 | 72.6 | 3.9 | 16.9 | 77.0 | 6.0 | |||
| Overweight (25–29.99 kg/m2) | 58.9 (8.1) | 21.4 | 72.9 | 5.7 | 15.4 | 77.3 | 7.3 | |||
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 60.0 (8.5) | 17.1 | 74.4 | 8.5 | 14.4 | 76.2 | 9.4 | |||
| Obese Class I (30–34.99 kg/m2) | 59.8 (8.3) | 17.1 | 74.8 | 8.1 | 14.2 | 76.9 | 8.9 | |||
| Obese Class II (35–39.99 kg/m2) | 60.3 (8.6) | 17.7 | 75.3 | 7.0 | 15.1 | 75.0 | 9.9 | |||
| Obese Class III (≥40 kg/m2) | 60.8 (9.1) | 15.1 | 67.1 | 17.8 | 13.9 | 74.4 | 11.7 | |||
Boldface indicates statistical significance; 1 Adjusted p values for multiple comparisons (Hochberg method) based on the Student’s t test and Pearson χ2 test, as appropriate; 2 Mean (SD); 3 The household income per month was calculated by consumption units (CU). The number of people of the household was converted into a number of CU according to a weighting system: one CU is attributed for the first adult in the household, 0.5 for other persons aged 14 or older and 0.3 for children under 14 [34]; 4 The tests were performed for underweight, normal, overweight and global obesity categories.