Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1990 Apr;87(7):2700–2704. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.7.2700

Murine isoforms of retinoic acid receptor gamma with specific patterns of expression.

P Kastner 1, A Krust 1, C Mendelsohn 1, J M Garnier 1, A Zelent 1, P Leroy 1, A Staub 1, P Chambon 1
PMCID: PMC53758  PMID: 2157210

Abstract

We have characterized seven murine retinoic acid receptor gamma cDNA isoforms (mRAR-gamma 1 to -gamma 7) generated by alternative splicing of at least seven exons. These isoforms differ from one another in their 5' untranslated region and in two cases (mRAR-gamma 1 and -gamma 2) differ in their N-terminal A region, which is known to be important for differential transactivation by other nuclear receptors. mRAR-gamma 1 and -gamma 2, the predominant isoforms, are differentially expressed in adult tissues and during embryogenesis. Most notably, skin contains almost exclusively mRAR-gamma 1 transcripts. The conservation of the RAR-gamma isoforms from mouse to human together with their patterns of expression suggests that they perform specific functions, which may account for the pleiotropic effect of retinoic acid in embryogenesis and development.

Full text

PDF
2700

Images in this article

2703Image
on p.2703

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Baker B. S. Sex in flies: the splice of life. Nature. 1989 Aug 17;340(6234):521–524. doi: 10.1038/340521a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Benbrook D., Lernhardt E., Pfahl M. A new retinoic acid receptor identified from a hepatocellular carcinoma. Nature. 1988 Jun 16;333(6174):669–672. doi: 10.1038/333669a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brand N., Petkovich M., Krust A., Chambon P., de Thé H., Marchio A., Tiollais P., Dejean A. Identification of a second human retinoic acid receptor. Nature. 1988 Apr 28;332(6167):850–853. doi: 10.1038/332850a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brockes J. P. Retinoids, homeobox genes, and limb morphogenesis. Neuron. 1989 Apr;2(4):1285–1294. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(89)90066-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Deng G., Wu R. Terminal transferase: use of the tailing of DNA and for in vitro mutagenesis. Methods Enzymol. 1983;100:96–116. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)00047-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dollé P., Ruberte E., Kastner P., Petkovich M., Stoner C. M., Gudas L. J., Chambon P. Differential expression of genes encoding alpha, beta and gamma retinoic acid receptors and CRABP in the developing limbs of the mouse. Nature. 1989 Dec 7;342(6250):702–705. doi: 10.1038/342702a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Eichele G. Retinoids and vertebrate limb pattern formation. Trends Genet. 1989 Aug;5(8):246–251. doi: 10.1016/0168-9525(89)90096-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Evans R. M. The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Science. 1988 May 13;240(4854):889–895. doi: 10.1126/science.3283939. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Giguere V., Ong E. S., Segui P., Evans R. M. Identification of a receptor for the morphogen retinoic acid. Nature. 1987 Dec 17;330(6149):624–629. doi: 10.1038/330624a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Green S., Chambon P. Nuclear receptors enhance our understanding of transcription regulation. Trends Genet. 1988 Nov;4(11):309–314. doi: 10.1016/0168-9525(88)90108-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kozak M. Circumstances and mechanisms of inhibition of translation by secondary structure in eucaryotic mRNAs. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Nov;9(11):5134–5142. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.11.5134. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Krust A., Kastner P., Petkovich M., Zelent A., Chambon P. A third human retinoic acid receptor, hRAR-gamma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jul;86(14):5310–5314. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.14.5310. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kumar V., Green S., Stack G., Berry M., Jin J. R., Chambon P. Functional domains of the human estrogen receptor. Cell. 1987 Dec 24;51(6):941–951. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90581-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Lammer E. J., Chen D. T., Hoar R. M., Agnish N. D., Benke P. J., Braun J. T., Curry C. J., Fernhoff P. M., Grix A. W., Jr, Lott I. T. Retinoic acid embryopathy. N Engl J Med. 1985 Oct 3;313(14):837–841. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198510033131401. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Loh E. Y., Elliott J. F., Cwirla S., Lanier L. L., Davis M. M. Polymerase chain reaction with single-sided specificity: analysis of T cell receptor delta chain. Science. 1989 Jan 13;243(4888):217–220. doi: 10.1126/science.2463672. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Morriss G. M. Morphogenesis of the malformations induced in rat embryos by maternal hypervitaminosis A. J Anat. 1972 Nov;113(Pt 2):241–250. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Petkovich M., Brand N. J., Krust A., Chambon P. A human retinoic acid receptor which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors. Nature. 1987 Dec 3;330(6147):444–450. doi: 10.1038/330444a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Ragsdale C. W., Jr, Petkovich M., Gates P. B., Chambon P., Brockes J. P. Identification of a novel retinoic acid receptor in regenerative tissues of the newt. Nature. 1989 Oct 19;341(6243):654–657. doi: 10.1038/341654a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Ruberte E., Dolle P., Krust A., Zelent A., Morriss-Kay G., Chambon P. Specific spatial and temporal distribution of retinoic acid receptor gamma transcripts during mouse embryogenesis. Development. 1990 Feb;108(2):213–222. doi: 10.1242/dev.108.2.213. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Satre M. A., Kochhar D. M. Elevations in the endogenous levels of the putative morphogen retinoic acid in embryonic mouse limb-buds associated with limb dysmorphogenesis. Dev Biol. 1989 Jun;133(2):529–536. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(89)90055-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Schowalter D. B., Sommer S. S. The generation of radiolabeled DNA and RNA probes with polymerase chain reaction. Anal Biochem. 1989 Feb 15;177(1):90–94. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(89)90019-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Slack J. M. Embryology: we have a morphogen! Nature. 1987 Jun 18;327(6123):553–554. doi: 10.1038/327553a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Tora L., Gronemeyer H., Turcotte B., Gaub M. P., Chambon P. The N-terminal region of the chicken progesterone receptor specifies target gene activation. Nature. 1988 May 12;333(6169):185–188. doi: 10.1038/333185a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Tora L., White J., Brou C., Tasset D., Webster N., Scheer E., Chambon P. The human estrogen receptor has two independent nonacidic transcriptional activation functions. Cell. 1989 Nov 3;59(3):477–487. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90031-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Vasios G. W., Gold J. D., Petkovich M., Chambon P., Gudas L. J. A retinoic acid-responsive element is present in the 5' flanking region of the laminin B1 gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Dec;86(23):9099–9103. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.23.9099. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Zavortink M., Sakonju S. The morphogenetic and regulatory functions of the Drosophila Abdominal-B gene are encoded in overlapping RNAs transcribed from separate promoters. Genes Dev. 1989 Dec;3(12A):1969–1981. doi: 10.1101/gad.3.12a.1969. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Zelent A., Krust A., Petkovich M., Kastner P., Chambon P. Cloning of murine alpha and beta retinoic acid receptors and a novel receptor gamma predominantly expressed in skin. Nature. 1989 Jun 29;339(6227):714–717. doi: 10.1038/339714a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. del Angel R. M., Papavassiliou A. G., Fernández-Tomás C., Silverstein S. J., Racaniello V. R. Cell proteins bind to multiple sites within the 5' untranslated region of poliovirus RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Nov;86(21):8299–8303. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.21.8299. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES