Abstract
We have used polyclonal anti-synthetic peptide serum to study the role of retinoblastoma gene (RB) inactivation in a variety of human tumor cell lines. Our analysis indicates that inactivation of the RB protein, p105-Rb, is universal in retinoblastoma cells, vindicating the predictions of the Knudson "two-hit" hypothesis. In addition, our analysis has shown that inactivations of the RB gene are nearly as frequent in a more common human tumor, small cell lung carcinoma. One-third of bladder carcinomas surveyed also carry altered or absent p105-Rb. Other human tumors by contrast demonstrate only infrequent inactivation of the RB gene. These results suggest that inactivation of the RB gene is a critical step in the pathogenesis of a subset of human tumors.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Benedict W. F., Murphree A. L., Banerjee A., Spina C. A., Sparkes M. C., Sparkes R. S. Patient with 13 chromosome deletion: evidence that the retinoblastoma gene is a recessive cancer gene. Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):973–975. doi: 10.1126/science.6336308. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bogenmann E., Mark C. Routine growth and differentiation of primary retinoblastoma cells in culture. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1983 Jan;70(1):95–104. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bookstein R., Shew J. Y., Chen P. L., Scully P., Lee W. H. Suppression of tumorigenicity of human prostate carcinoma cells by replacing a mutated RB gene. Science. 1990 Feb 9;247(4943):712–715. doi: 10.1126/science.2300823. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Breathnach R., Chambon P. Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins. Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:349–383. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.002025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cavenee W. K., Dryja T. P., Phillips R. A., Benedict W. F., Godbout R., Gallie B. L., Murphree A. L., Strong L. C., White R. L. Expression of recessive alleles by chromosomal mechanisms in retinoblastoma. 1983 Oct 27-Nov 2Nature. 305(5937):779–784. doi: 10.1038/305779a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DeCaprio J. A., Ludlow J. W., Figge J., Shew J. Y., Huang C. M., Lee W. H., Marsilio E., Paucha E., Livingston D. M. SV40 large tumor antigen forms a specific complex with the product of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene. Cell. 1988 Jul 15;54(2):275–283. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90559-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DerKinderen D. J., Koten J. W., Nagelkerke N. J., Tan K. E., Beemer F. A., Den Otter W. Non-ocular cancer in patients with hereditary retinoblastoma and their relatives. Int J Cancer. 1988 Apr 15;41(4):499–504. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910410405. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Draper G. J., Sanders B. M., Kingston J. E. Second primary neoplasms in patients with retinoblastoma. Br J Cancer. 1986 May;53(5):661–671. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1986.110. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dunn J. M., Phillips R. A., Becker A. J., Gallie B. L. Identification of germline and somatic mutations affecting the retinoblastoma gene. Science. 1988 Sep 30;241(4874):1797–1800. doi: 10.1126/science.3175621. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dyson N., Howley P. M., Münger K., Harlow E. The human papilloma virus-16 E7 oncoprotein is able to bind to the retinoblastoma gene product. Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):934–937. doi: 10.1126/science.2537532. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal Biochem. 1983 Jul 1;132(1):6–13. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90418-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Friend S. H., Bernards R., Rogelj S., Weinberg R. A., Rapaport J. M., Albert D. M., Dryja T. P. A human DNA segment with properties of the gene that predisposes to retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma. Nature. 1986 Oct 16;323(6089):643–646. doi: 10.1038/323643a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Friend S. H., Horowitz J. M., Gerber M. R., Wang X. F., Bogenmann E., Li F. P., Weinberg R. A. Deletions of a DNA sequence in retinoblastomas and mesenchymal tumors: organization of the sequence and its encoded protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec;84(24):9059–9063. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.24.9059. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fung Y. K., Murphree A. L., T'Ang A., Qian J., Hinrichs S. H., Benedict W. F. Structural evidence for the authenticity of the human retinoblastoma gene. Science. 1987 Jun 26;236(4809):1657–1661. doi: 10.1126/science.2885916. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Godbout R., Dryja T. P., Squire J., Gallie B. L., Phillips R. A. Somatic inactivation of genes on chromosome 13 is a common event in retinoblastoma. Nature. 1983 Aug 4;304(5925):451–453. doi: 10.1038/304451a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goddard A. D., Balakier H., Canton M., Dunn J., Squire J., Reyes E., Becker A., Phillips R. A., Gallie B. L. Infrequent genomic rearrangement and normal expression of the putative RB1 gene in retinoblastoma tumors. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 May;8(5):2082–2088. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.5.2082. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harbour J. W., Lai S. L., Whang-Peng J., Gazdar A. F., Minna J. D., Kaye F. J. Abnormalities in structure and expression of the human retinoblastoma gene in SCLC. Science. 1988 Jul 15;241(4863):353–357. doi: 10.1126/science.2838909. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harlow E., Franza B. R., Jr, Schley C. Monoclonal antibodies specific for adenovirus early region 1A proteins: extensive heterogeneity in early region 1A products. J Virol. 1985 Sep;55(3):533–546. doi: 10.1128/jvi.55.3.533-546.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Higgins M. J., Hansen M. F., Cavenee W. K., Lalande M. Molecular detection of chromosomal translocations that disrupt the putative retinoblastoma susceptibility locus. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Jan;9(1):1–5. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horowitz J. M., Yandell D. W., Park S. H., Canning S., Whyte P., Buchkovich K., Harlow E., Weinberg R. A., Dryja T. P. Point mutational inactivation of the retinoblastoma antioncogene. Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):937–940. doi: 10.1126/science.2521957. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kawasaki E. S., Clark S. S., Coyne M. Y., Smith S. D., Champlin R., Witte O. N., McCormick F. P. Diagnosis of chronic myeloid and acute lymphocytic leukemias by detection of leukemia-specific mRNA sequences amplified in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Aug;85(15):5698–5702. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.15.5698. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Knudson A. G., Jr Mutation and cancer: statistical study of retinoblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Apr;68(4):820–823. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.4.820. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lee E. Y., To H., Shew J. Y., Bookstein R., Scully P., Lee W. H. Inactivation of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene in human breast cancers. Science. 1988 Jul 8;241(4862):218–221. doi: 10.1126/science.3388033. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lee W. H., Bookstein R., Hong F., Young L. J., Shew J. Y., Lee E. Y. Human retinoblastoma susceptibility gene: cloning, identification, and sequence. Science. 1987 Mar 13;235(4794):1394–1399. doi: 10.1126/science.3823889. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lee W. H., Shew J. Y., Hong F. D., Sery T. W., Donoso L. A., Young L. J., Bookstein R., Lee E. Y. The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein associated with DNA binding activity. Nature. 1987 Oct 15;329(6140):642–645. doi: 10.1038/329642a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ludlow J. W., DeCaprio J. A., Huang C. M., Lee W. H., Paucha E., Livingston D. M. SV40 large T antigen binds preferentially to an underphosphorylated member of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product family. Cell. 1989 Jan 13;56(1):57–65. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90983-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nakamura Y., Leppert M., O'Connell P., Wolff R., Holm T., Culver M., Martin C., Fujimoto E., Hoff M., Kumlin E. Variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) markers for human gene mapping. Science. 1987 Mar 27;235(4796):1616–1622. doi: 10.1126/science.3029872. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parada L. F., Tabin C. J., Shih C., Weinberg R. A. Human EJ bladder carcinoma oncogene is homologue of Harvey sarcoma virus ras gene. Nature. 1982 Jun 10;297(5866):474–478. doi: 10.1038/297474a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sparkes R. S., Murphree A. L., Lingua R. W., Sparkes M. C., Field L. L., Funderburk S. J., Benedict W. F. Gene for hereditary retinoblastoma assigned to human chromosome 13 by linkage to esterase D. Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):971–973. doi: 10.1126/science.6823558. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sparkes R. S., Sparkes M. C., Wilson M. G., Towner J. W., Benedict W., Murphree A. L., Yunis J. J. Regional assignment of genes for human esterase D and retinoblastoma to chromosome band 13q14. Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):1042–1044. doi: 10.1126/science.7375916. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- T'Ang A., Varley J. M., Chakraborty S., Murphree A. L., Fung Y. K. Structural rearrangement of the retinoblastoma gene in human breast carcinoma. Science. 1988 Oct 14;242(4876):263–266. doi: 10.1126/science.3175651. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weichselbaum R. R., Beckett M., Diamond A. Some retinoblastomas, osteosarcomas, and soft tissue sarcomas may share a common etiology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(7):2106–2109. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.7.2106. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Whyte P., Buchkovich K. J., Horowitz J. M., Friend S. H., Raybuck M., Weinberg R. A., Harlow E. Association between an oncogene and an anti-oncogene: the adenovirus E1A proteins bind to the retinoblastoma gene product. Nature. 1988 Jul 14;334(6178):124–129. doi: 10.1038/334124a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Whyte P., Williamson N. M., Harlow E. Cellular targets for transformation by the adenovirus E1A proteins. Cell. 1989 Jan 13;56(1):67–75. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90984-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wiggs J., Nordenskjöld M., Yandell D., Rapaport J., Grondin V., Janson M., Werelius B., Petersen R., Craft A., Riedel K. Prediction of the risk of hereditary retinoblastoma, using DNA polymorphisms within the retinoblastoma gene. N Engl J Med. 1988 Jan 21;318(3):151–157. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198801213180305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yokota J., Akiyama T., Fung Y. K., Benedict W. F., Namba Y., Hanaoka M., Wada M., Terasaki T., Shimosato Y., Sugimura T. Altered expression of the retinoblastoma (RB) gene in small-cell carcinoma of the lung. Oncogene. 1988 Oct;3(4):471–475. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yunis J. J., Ramsay N. Retinoblastoma and subband deletion of chromosome 13. Am J Dis Child. 1978 Feb;132(2):161–163. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1978.02120270059012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]