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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropharmacology. 2017 Jan 13;116:371–386. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.010

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

ADRB1 modulates LPS-induced TNF-α production in rat primary microglia. Both xamoterol (A; 1 μM), a selective partial agonist of the ADRB1 receptor, and isoproterenol (B; 1 μM), a non-selective full agonist of the ADRB1 receptor, reduced TNF-α production following challenge of primary rat microglia with LPS (10 ng/mL). A) Effects of xamoterol were reversed by pretreatment with either the selective ADRB1 antagonist, CGP 20712A (0.1 μM) or betaxolol (10 μM), but not the selective ADRB2 antagonist ICI-118551 (0.1 μM). B) Effects of isoproterenol, were partially reversed by pretreatment with the selective ADRB1 antagonist, betaxolol (10 μM) or the selective ADRB2 antagonist ICI-118551 (0.1 μM), but not CGP 20712A (0.1 μM). Data represent means ± SEM from multiple experiments (n= 4–9 per group) normalized to internal LPS controls. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001; ns, not significant; Dunnett’s multiple comparisons against LPS exposure alone, following one-way ANOVA.