Table 1.

Mean scores (standard deviation) for background measures by language group in Study 1.

	Monolingual	Bilingual
N	28	31
Age (years)	19.1 (1.5)	19.3 (1.9)
Shipley Vocabulary	102.4 (9.1)	100.6 (12.9)
Shipley Reasoning	102.8 (11.7)	103.8 (10.7)
SES (parents’ education)	3.2 (1.1)	3.3 (1.3)
L2 proficiency (%)
Speaking*	2.8 (6.3)	81.8 (16.9)
Understanding*	5.1 (11.7)	89.2 (12.3)
Reading*	0.6 (2.8)	54.7 (33.8)
Writing*	0.6 (2.8)	43.1 (32.7)
Frequency of use (%)
L1*	95 (10.1)	57 (11.7)
L2*	5 (10.1)	43 (11.7)
Control trial RTs (ms)
Nonverbal	481 (69)	482 (67)
Verbal	532 (80)	523 (72)

Asterisks indicate significant differences between groups.