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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1990 Jul;87(13):5001–5005. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.13.5001

Human immunodeficiency virus infection is efficiently mediated by a glycolipid-anchored form of CD4.

D C Diamond 1, R Finberg 1, S Chaudhuri 1, B P Sleckman 1, S J Burakoff 1
PMCID: PMC54249  PMID: 2142306

Abstract

Two broad roles have been revealed for the CD4 molecule. It serves as a receptor for both class II major histocompatibility complex molecules and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Upon binding class II major histocompatibility molecules, CD4 functions to enhance T-cell activation. By binding to CD4, HIV gains entry into the cell. We have used a chimeric molecule of CD4 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), CD4PI, which lacks a membrane-spanning domain and is instead anchored in the membrane by linkage to glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol. To further define the structural attributes of viral receptors, and specifically those of CD4 required for HIV infection, we have expressed CD4PI and CD4 in a human T-cell line, HSB-2. We find that CD4PI is able to mediate infection of these cells by HIV with similar, if not greater efficiency, compared with wild-type CD4. Thus the membrane-spanning region of CD4 is not required for HIV infection, and a lipid-anchored protein can serve as a viral receptor.

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