Table 1. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET): related hormones and clinical presentation.
| Functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors | ||
|---|---|---|
| TUMOR | HORMONE | SYMPTOMS/SIGNS |
| Insulinoma | Insulin | Hypoglycemia |
| Gastrinoma | Glucagon | Peptic ulcer, diarrhea,
gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| Glucagonoma | Glucagon | Necrolytic migratory
erythema, diabetes, depression |
| Somatostatinoma | Somatostatin | Diarrhea, diabetes,
hypochlorhydria, cholelithiasis |
| VIPoma | Vasoactive
intestinal peptide |
Watery diarrhea,
hypokalemia, achlorhydria |
| Non-functioning
PanNET |
Pancreatic
polypeptide, neurotensin, ghrelin |
Mass-related
(jaundice, pancreatitis) |