Table 3.

Longitudinal SARA, UHDRS-IV, PHQ-9, and EQ-5D scores of gait and non-gait-onset groups in GEE model.

	Regression coefficients of SARA scorea
	SCA1	SCA2	SCA3	SCA6
Age of first visit (yrs)	0.26	0.30****	0.55****	0.35****
Sexb	2.99	−1.68	−0.19	−0.14
CAG repeat	0.56	0.89*	1.30****	2.24****
Initial symptomc	−5.33	−2.03	2.20	−3.50
Visit time	2.11****	0.70	0.37	−0.00
Initial symptom × Visit time	−1.03**	0.03	−0.02	1.60****

	Regression coefficients UHDRS-IV scorea
	SCA1	SCA2	SCA3	SCA6
Age of first visit (yrs)	−0.17	−0.14*	−0.55****	−0.23***
Sexb	−2.41	0.31	0.08	0.15
CAG repeat	−0.34	−0.59	−1.36****	−1.43
Initial symptomc	3.14	1.27	−1.27	1.52
Visit time	−0.68	0.96***	−0.60	−0.21**
Initial symptom X Visit time	0.12	−0.83*	−0.57	−0.36

	Regression coefficients of PHQ-9 scorea
	SCA1	SCA2	SCA3	SCA6
Age of first visit (yrs)	0.04	0.00	0.18*	−0.05
Sexb	−0.05	−1.41	1.91	−0.88
CAG repeat	0.19	−0.07	0.35	−0.87
Initial symptomc	−8.35*	2.63	1.52	0.51
Visit time	−1.07	2.06	0.64	−0.80
Initial symptom X Visit time	1.18	−1.81	−0.05	0.75

	Regression coefficients of EQ-5D scorea
	SCA1	SCA2	SCA3	SCA6
Age of first visit (yrs)	0.04	0.03*	0.08****	−0.03
Sexb	−0.13	−0.30	0.04	0.23
CAG repeat	0.13	0.11	0.20***	−0.10
Initial symptomc	−1.64*	0.54	−0.20	0.32
Visit time	−0.17	−0.33	−0.03	−0.04
Initial symptom X Visit time	0.29	0.22	0.25	0.19

^aAll regression coefficients were calculated in GEE model, adjusting for age of first visit, sex, CAG repeat, initial symptom, and initial symptom*visit time.

^bMan = 0, Woman = 1

^cNon-gait-onset = 0, Gait-onset = 1

^*<0.05

^**<0.01

^***<0.005

^****<0.001

Abbreviations: SARA = Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia; UHDRS = Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire; EQ-5D = quality of life measurement from 5 domains; GEE = Generalized Estimating Equation; SCA = Spinocerebellar Ataxia.