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. 2017 May 16;88(20):1968–1975. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003938

Figure 2. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) validation and neuronal differentiation.

Figure 2

A.a–A.c, B.a–B.c, and C.a–C.c are 3 individual iPSC colonies from 1 of the recruited veterans (1039-2). A.a, B.a, and C.a are phase-contrast images for the 3 individual colonies; A.b, B.b, and C.b are DAPI (nuclear stain) counterstains; colony 1 and 2 are immunostained with pluripotency marker TRA 1-60 (A.c) and TRA 1-80 (B.c). C.c from colony 3 shows that SSEA-1 (only expressed in murine iPSC) is not expressed in the hiPSC; also this indicates that the hiPSC are undifferentiated, since the expression of SSEA-1 is upregulated during hiPSC differentiation. D.a–D.d are the immunostaining validation of the neuronal differentiation of the hiPSC. D.a is the immunostaining for βIII tubulin and D.b is the immunostaining for Tbr1. βIII tubulin is a neuronal specific tubulin whose expression is significantly upregulated in mature neurons; and Tbr1 is a transcription factor which serves as a marker for forebrain cortical glutamatergic neurons. D.c and D.d are DAPI counterstain image and the overlay image.