Table 3.

Genetic variants associated with candidate metabolites and their association with type 2 diabetes

Metabolite	SNP				SNP–metabolite				SNP–type 2 diabetes
	rsIDa	Closest gene	Chr.	EA	β	SE	p value	Source	β	SE	p value	Sourceb
2-Methylbutyroylcarnitine	rs662138	SLC22A1	6	C	0.02	0.003	3.7 × 10−8	Shin et al [19]	0.01	0.016	0.48	GWAS + Metabochip
2-Methylbutyroylcarnitine	rs272893	SLC22A4	5	T	0.24	0.024	1.8 × 10−23	ULSAM/PIVUS/TG	0.010	0.021	0.70	GWAS
SM (33:1)	rs12879919 (rs12889954)	SYNE2, SGPP1	14	A	−0.23	0.040	1.0 × 10−8	ULSAM/PIVUS/TG	−0.04	0.017	0.04	GWAS + Metabochip
CerPE (38:2)	rs1260326	GCKR	2	T	−0.16	0.025	2.1 × 10−10	ULSAM/PIVUS/TG	−0.06	0.012	1.6 × 10−6	GWAS + Metabochip
Deoxycholic acid	rs8192870	CYP7A1	8	T	−0.04	0.007	4.0 × 10−8	Shin et al [19]	−0.03	0.012	8.1 × 10−3	GWAS + Metabochip
L-Tyrosine	rs9400467	SLC16A10	6	T	−0.01	0.002	6.5 × 10−14	Shin et al [19]	0.03	0.02	0.17	GWAS
L-Tyrosine	rs172650 (rs4788817)	TAT	16	A	0.01	0.002	2.8 × 10−10	Shin et al [19]	−0.003	0.012	0.80	GWAS + Metabochip
L-Tyrosine	rs12728678	KCNN3	1	T	−0.01	0.002	2.2 × 10−8	Shin et al [19]	−0.04	0.025	0.09	GWAS
LysoPC(20:2)	rs174536 (rs174535)	MYRF, FADS1/2	11	A	−0.24	0.024	1.3 × 10−22	ULSAM/PIVUS/TG	0.03	0.012	0.03	GWAS + Metabochip
SM (34:2)	rs174583	FADS2	11	T	−0.14	0.024	1.1 × 10−8	ULSAM/PIVUS/TG	−0.02	0.012	0.08	GWAS + Metabochip
SM (d18:2/18:1)	rs12529505	AK9	6	A	−0.15	0.027	2.7 × 10−8	ULSAM/PIVUS/TG	−0.03	0.02	0.16	GWAS

^aSNP identifiers in parenthesis indicates that a proxy (r² > 0.8) was used for SNP–type 2 diabetes association

^bData derived from the public repository accompanying Morris et al [22] at http://diagram-consortium.org/downloads.html

EA, effect allele; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; TG, TwinGene