Table 3.
Species | Layer | Thermal conductivity k (W/(m·K)) | Heat capacity C (J/(kg·K)) | Thermal inertia k ρ C (W2·s/(m4·K2))×105 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Human | Epidermis | (e*) 0.21 ([28][29]) | ||
Dermis | (e) 0.29[28] | |||
Subcutaneous fat | (e) 0.20[28][30] (e) 0.21 [28][31][32] (e) 0.22[28][33] (ivv) 0.21–0.37[28][34] (ivv) 0.23–0.27[16] (ivv) 0.37(upper 2mm) (ivv) 0.54 (cool) |
(e)4.55±0.5[33] | ||
Skin as a single layer | (ivv) 2.81 (warm)[28][35] (ivv) 0.33–3.14[28][36] (ivv) 0.31[28][37] (ivv) 0.38[28][33] (ivv) 0.29[28] (ivv) 0.50–0.75 (23–25°C)[7] (ivv)0.385–0.393[16] |
(ivv)12.25–25.39[28] (ivv)19.43[28] (ivv)15.76[28][33][38] (ivv)13.13–31.69[28][39] (ivv) 15.76–70.03 [7] (ivv) 15.1±0.9 [40] (e) 9.63 (dry)–13.13(moist)[33] |
||
Porcine | Epidermis | (ivtr)0.21[41] | (e)3600[41] | |
Dermis | (ivtr)0.37[41] | (e)3224[41] | ||
Subcutaneous fat | (ivtr)0.16[41] | (e)2303[41] | ||
Skin as a single layer | (e) 3349[7] |
(e) indicates ex vivo test, (ivv) indicates in vivo test, and (ivtr) indicates in vitro test
The values reported in literature have been converted to SI units in the table.