Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1990 Sep;87(17):6777–6780. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.17.6777

Changed distribution of sodium channels along demyelinated axons.

J D England 1, F Gamboni 1, S R Levinson 1, T E Finger 1
PMCID: PMC54620  PMID: 2168559

Abstract

Voltage-gated sodium channels are largely localized to the nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons, providing a physiological basis for saltatory conduction. What happens to these channels in demyelinated axons is not known with certainty. Experimentally demyelinated axons were examined by using a well-characterized, polyclonal antibody directed against sodium channels. Immunocytochemical and radioimmunoassay data were consistent with the distribution of an increased number of sodium channels along segments of previously internodal axon. These findings affirm the plasticity of sodium channels in demyelinated axolemma and may be relevant to understanding how axons recover conduction after demyelination.

Full text

PDF
6777

Images in this article

6778Image
on p.6778
6778Image
on p.6778
6778Image
on p.6778
6779Image
on p.6779

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Albers J. W., Donofrio P. D., McGonagle T. K. Sequential electrodiagnostic abnormalities in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Muscle Nerve. 1985 Jul-Aug;8(6):528–539. doi: 10.1002/mus.880080609. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bostock H., Sears T. A. The internodal axon membrane: electrical excitability and continuous conduction in segmental demyelination. J Physiol. 1978 Jul;280:273–301. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012384. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brismar T., Gilly W. F. Synthesis of sodium channels in the cell bodies of squid giant axons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(5):1459–1463. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.5.1459. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chiu S. Y. Asymmetry currents in the mammalian myelinated nerve. J Physiol. 1980 Dec;309:499–519. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1980.sp013523. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chiu S. Y., Schrager P., Ritchie J. M. Neuronal-type Na+ and K+ channels in rabbit cultured Schwann cells. Nature. 1984 Sep 13;311(5982):156–157. doi: 10.1038/311156a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Devor M., Keller C. H., Deerinck T. J., Levinson S. R., Ellisman M. H. Na+ channel accumulation on axolemma of afferent endings in nerve end neuromas in Apteronotus. Neurosci Lett. 1989 Jul 31;102(2-3):149–154. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90070-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Duch D. S., Levinson S. R. Neurotoxin-modulated uptake of sodium by highly purified preparations of the electroplax tetrodotoxin-binding glycopeptide reconstituted into lipid vesicles. J Membr Biol. 1987;98(1):43–55. doi: 10.1007/BF01871044. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Ellisman M. H., Levinson S. R. Immunocytochemical localization of sodium channel distributions in the excitable membranes of Electrophorus electricus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Nov;79(21):6707–6711. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.21.6707. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. England J. D., Rhee E. K., Said G., Sumner A. J. Schwann cell degeneration induced by doxorubicin (adriamycin). Brain. 1988 Aug;111(Pt 4):901–913. doi: 10.1093/brain/111.4.901. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Miller J. A., Agnew W. S., Levinson S. R. Principal glycopeptide of the tetrodotoxin/saxitoxin binding protein from Electrophorus electricus: isolation and partial chemical and physical characterization. Biochemistry. 1983 Jan 18;22(2):462–470. doi: 10.1021/bi00271a032. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Neumcke B., Stämpfli R. Sodium currents and sodium-current fluctuations in rat myelinated nerve fibres. J Physiol. 1982 Aug;329:163–184. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014296. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Recio-Pinto E., Duch D. S., Levinson S. R., Urban B. W. Purified and unpurified sodium channels from eel electroplax in planar lipid bilayers. J Gen Physiol. 1987 Sep;90(3):375–395. doi: 10.1085/jgp.90.3.375. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Ritchie J. M., Rang H. P. Extraneuronal saxitoxin binding sites in rabbit myelinated nerve. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 May;80(9):2803–2807. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.9.2803. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ritchie J. M., Rang H. P., Pellegrino R. Sodium and potassium channels in demyelinated and remyelinated mammalian nerve. Nature. 1981 Nov 19;294(5838):257–259. doi: 10.1038/294257a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Ritchie J. M., Rogart R. B. Density of sodium channels in mammalian myelinated nerve fibers and nature of the axonal membrane under the myelin sheath. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Jan;74(1):211–215. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.1.211. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Shrager P., Chiu S. Y., Ritchie J. M. Voltage-dependent sodium and potassium channels in mammalian cultured Schwann cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Feb;82(3):948–952. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.3.948. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Smith K. J., Bostock H., Hall S. M. Saltatory conduction precedes remyelination in axons demyelinated with lysophosphatidyl choline. J Neurol Sci. 1982 Apr;54(1):13–31. doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(82)90215-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Smith K. J., Hall S. M. Nerve conduction during peripheral demyelination and remyelination. J Neurol Sci. 1980 Nov;48(2):201–219. doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(80)90201-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Sumner A. J. The physiological basis for symptoms in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Ann Neurol. 1981;9 (Suppl):28–30. doi: 10.1002/ana.410090706. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Thornhill W. B., Levinson S. R. Biosynthesis of electroplax sodium channels in Electrophorus electrocytes and Xenopus oocytes. Biochemistry. 1987 Jul 14;26(14):4381–4388. doi: 10.1021/bi00388a029. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Waxman S. G., Ritchie J. M. Organization of ion channels in the myelinated nerve fiber. Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1502–1507. doi: 10.1126/science.2409596. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES