Table 1.

Functions of cadherins expressed in premigratory and early migratory neural crest cells.

Cadherin	Species	Neural Crest Type	Axial Level	Function	References
E-cadherin	Frog Zebrafish	Premigratory	Cranial	Suppression of CIL	Scarpa et al., 2015
	Frog	Migratory	Cranial	Positive role in NCC migration and membrane protrusion	Huang et al., 2016
N-cadherin	Chicken	Premigratory	Trunk	Negative role in EMT	Nakagawa and Takeichi 1998
		Premigratory	Cranial/Trunk	Cell adhesion/maintenance of neural tube pseudostratfied epithelium integrity	Bronner-Fraser et al. 1992; Nakagawa and Takeichi 1998
		Premigratory	Trunk	Pro-delamination role via indirect transcriptional regulation through N-cadherin CTF2 activity	Shoval et al., 2007
		Premigratory	Trunk	Cell adhesion/regulation of Wnt signaling	Shoval et al., 2007
		Premigratory	Trunk	Positive roles in delamination and migration following proteolysis by MMP9	Monsonego-Ornan et al., 2012
	Zebrafish	Migratory	Cranial	Positive role in migration	Piloto and Schilling, 2010
		Early Migratory	Trunk	Positive role in migration	Powell et al., 2015
	Frog	Migratory	Cranial	Positive role in directed migration and CIL	Theveneau et al., 2010; Theveneau et al., 2013
Cadherin-6	Chicken (Cad6B)	Premigratory	Cranial/Trunk	Establishment/segregation of premigratory NCC domain; Facilitator of neural fold fusion	Nakagawa and Takeichi 1995
		Early migratory	Trunk	Promotion of de-epithelialization during EMT via BMPRII/LIMK/cofilin pathway	Park and Gumbiner 2010; 2012
		Premigratory	Midbrain	Cell adhesion/maintenance of premigratory NCC epithelium	Coles et al., 2007; Schiffmacher et al., 2013
		Premigratory	Cranial	Pro-EMT role via indirect transcriptional regulation through Cadherin-6B CTF2 activity	Schiffmacher et al., 2016
	Mouse	Premigratory/migratory	Cranial/Trunk	Positive role in EMT and migration	Inoue et al., 1997
	Zebrafish	Premigratory/migratory	Hindbrain	Positive role in EMT via regulation of F-actin assembly, Rho activity, and actomyosin, to promote detachment	Clay and Halloran, 2014
Cadherin-7	Chicken	Migratory	Cranial/Trunk	Positive role in directional migration	Nakagawa and Takeichi 1995
	Rat	Migratory	Cranial	Positive role in migration	Takahashi and Osumi 2008
Cadherin-11	Frog	Migratory	Cranial/Trunk	Positive role in migration	Vallin et al., 1998
		Migratory	Cranial	Modulation of NCC specifier gene expression through regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling	Borchers et al., 2001
		Migratory	Cranial	Initiation of protrusive activity in filopodia and lamellipodia via interaction with GEF Trio and GTPases	Kashef et al., 2012
		Migratory	Cranial	Positive role in migration via the activity of the ADAM13-processed Cadherin-11 NTF	McCusker et al., 2009; Abbruzzese et al., 2016
		Migratory	Cranial	Positive role for full-length Cadherin-11 in CIL and directional migration	Becker et al., 2013; Abbruzzese et al., 2016
		Migratory	Cranial	Promotion of cell-substrate adhesion via interaction with Syndecan-4 at focal adhesions	Langhe et al., 2016
		Migratory	Cranial	Indirect negative role in CIL via the activity of the shed Cadherin-11 NTF	Abbruzzese et al., 2016
	Chicken	Migratory	Trunk	Positive role in migration	Chalpe et al., 2010

This table represents a subset of selected neural crest cadherin studies within the following models: chicken (Gallus gallus), mouse (Mus musculus), rat (Rattus norvegicus), frog (Xenopus laevis), and zebrafish (Danio rerio). Italicized functions are inferred from correlative neural crest spatio-temporal expression profiles or neural crest-specific upstream effector perturbation data. Abbreviations: contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL), neural crest cell (NCC), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), C-terminal fragment 2 (CTF2), N-terminal fragment (NTF).