Table 3.

Glycoside Hydrolases that Disperse Biofilms.

Enzyme	Summary	References
Alginate lyase	A glycoside hydrolase that that degrades the exopolysaccharide, alginate, common in mucoid P. aeruginosa biofilms, causing bacterial cell dispersal and increasing antibiotic efficacy and phagocytosis.	[70,71,72,73]
α-amylase	A glycoside hydrolase that hydrolyzes α(1,4) glycosidic linkages and is derived from multiple sources, such as certain microbes and the mammalian pancreas. It has exhibited dispersal of mature biofilms formed by V. cholerae, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.	[74,75,76,77]
α-mannosidase	An acid hydrolase that has been shown to disrupt P. aeruginosa biofilms.	[35]
β-mannosidase	A glycoside hydrolase that targets β(1,4)-linked terminal mannose residues, and disrupts P. aeruginosa biofilms.	[35]
Cellulase	A glycoside hydrolase produced by multiple microbes that hydrolyzes the β(1,4) glycosidic linkage. It has been shown to cause the dispersal of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms.	[77]
Dispersin B	A glycoside hydrolase produced by the bacterium, A. actinomycetemcomitans, that has been shown to degrade the polysaccharide, poly(1,6)-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (PNAG), by hydrolyzing β(1,6) glycosidic linkages. This enzyme has been effective against the biofilms made by multiple bacteria, including S. aureus, A. actinomycetemcomitans, S. epidermidis, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, Burkholderia spp., A. pleuropneumoniae, Yersinia pestis and Pseudomonas fluorescens.	[57,78,79,80,81,82,83,84]
Hyaluronidase	An enzyme that cleaves hyaluronic acid (HA), which has been found to be incorporated into the biofilms made by multiple pathogens, including S. aureus, and S. intermedius in vivo. When utilized against HA-containing biofilms, dispersal has been observed.	[85,86]
PelAh	A glycoside hydrolase that disrupts the P. aeruginosa polysaccharide, Pel, causing dispersal of mature biofilms.	[87]
PslGH	A glycoside hydrolase that disrupts the P. aeruginosa polysaccharide, Psl, causing dispersal of mature biofilms.	[87]