Table 2.
General characteristics of the studied population according to BMI.
| Normal Weight BMI ≤ 25.0 n = 20 |
Over Weight BMI 25.0–30.0 n = 35 |
p | Obesity BMI ≥ 30.0 n = 13 |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) a | 56.4 ± 10.1 | 51.7 ± 11.7 | 0.152 | 47.8 ± 10.2 | 0.033 |
| Female (%) | 80.0 | 51.4 | 0.036 | 53.8 | 0.110 |
| BMI (kg/m2) a | 23.0 ± 1.5 | 27.5 ± 1.4 | <0.001 | 34.1 ± 2.7 | <0.001 |
| Energy intake (Kcal/day) a | 1958 ± 537 | 1790 ± 482 | 0.261 | 2040 ± 548 | 0.681 |
| Basal Metabolic rate (Kcal/day) a | 1280 ± 167 | 1416 ± 228 | <0.001 | 1548 ± 324 | <0.001 |
| Sedentary lifestyle (%) | 20.0 | 17.1 | 0.792 | 30.8 | 0.481 |
| Current smokers (%) | 27.8 | 26.5 | 0.729 | 25.0 | 0.978 |
| Alcohol consumers (%) | 70.0 | 54.3 | 0.252 | 61.5 | 0.614 |
| Body fat (%) a | 26.2 ± 7.5 | 35.6 ± 9.3 | <0.001 | 51.7 ± 10.8 | <0.001 |
| Blood parameters | |||||
| Serum glucose (mg/dL) a | 97.1 ± 14.2 | 96.0 ± 9.1 | 0.711 | 108 ± 11.1 | 0.020 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) a | 100 ± 47.8 | 117 ± 56.9 | 0.288 | 147 ± 91.0 | 0.070 |
| LDL/HDL ratio a | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 0.869 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 0.347 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) a | 6.1 ± 4.3 | 9.2 ± 5.2 | 0.021 | 14.7 ± 6.8 | <0.001 |
| MDA (μM) a | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 0.700 | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 0.012 |
| CRP (mg/L) a | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 3.8 ± 8.4 | 0.150 | 5.4 ± 7.4 | 0.009 |
a Results from univariate analysis were adjusted by gender and presented as mean ± standard deviation. Differences in categorical variables were examined using chi-squared analysis and presented as percentage (%). BMI, body mass index. LDL, low-density lipoprotein. HDL, high-density lipoprotein. MDA, malondialdehyde. CRP, C reactive protein. p value was calculated using normal weight volunteers as reference.