Table 4.
Chemical Form | Baseline Level EPA + DHA (%) | ∆EPA + DHA (%) | EPA + DHA (mg/Day) | ∆EPA + DHA (%) /100 mg EPA + DHA | Duration | n | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EE | 3.30 * | 0.87 | 3320 | 0.03 | 2 weeks | 9 | [23] |
4.18 ± 0.54 | 1.54 | Approximately 250 | 0.62 | 8 weeks | 22 | triOMEG-trial | |
5.1 * | 3.5 | 3320 | 0.11 | 8 weeks | 24 | [24] | |
4.46 ± 1.13 | 2.03 | 907 | 0.22 | 8 weeks | 26 | [25] | |
4.46 ± 1.13 | 4.33 | 3630 | 0.12 | 8 weeks | 26 | ||
6.50 ± 1.46 | 3.80 | 3084 | 0.12 | 8 weeks | 40 | [26] | |
3.50 * | 3.20 | 2500 | 0.13 | 60 days | 44 | [27] | |
4.6 ± 1.5 | 3.00 | 1680 | 0.18 | 10 weeks | 62 | [28] | |
7.9 ± 3.7 | 3.4 | 2520 | 0.13 | 12 weeks | 11 | [29] | |
8.27 ± 0.77 | 2.51 | 1740 | 0.14 | 12 weeks | 12 | [30] | |
3.91 ± 0.30 | 0.20 | 440 | 0.05 | 12 weeks | 15 | [31] | |
3.54 ± 0.26 | 1.69 | 1300 | 0.13 | 12 weeks | 18 | ||
3.81 ± 0.23 | 2.94 | 2700 | 0.11 | 12 weeks | 16 | ||
4.13 * | 3.69 | 720 | 0.51 | 16 weeks | 43 | [32] | |
3.7 * | 5.4 | 3360 | 0.16 | 16 weeks | 30 | [33] | |
3.74 * | 7.24 | 3360 | 0.22 | 16 weeks | 122 | [34] | |
# | 4.84 | 1680 | 0.29 | 6 months | 39 | [35] | |
7.6 ± 1.8 | 4.83 | 1680 | 0.29 | 6 months | 39 | ||
7.4 ± 1.76 | 4.82 | 1680 | 0.29 | 6 months | 45 | [36] | |
FO | 5.2 ± 1.7 | 4.0 | 4400 | 0.09 | 4 weeks | 40 | [37] |
4.92 * | 2.8 | 1200 | 0.23 | 8 weeks | 20 | [38] | |
6.77 * | 6.3 | 3600 | 0.18 | 8 weeks | 20 | ||
4.04 * | 4.14 | 3360 | 0.12 | 8 weeks | 21 | [39] | |
4.35 * | 3.58 | 3360 | 0.11 | 8 weeks | 21 | ||
4.6 ± 1.6 | 2.9 | 1680 | 0.17 | 10 weeks | 36 | [40] | |
5.74 ± 1.37 | 5.17 | 2700 | 0.19 | 12 weeks | 12 | [41] | |
9.16 ± 1.74 | 5.08 | 2520 | 0.20 | 12 weeks | 7 | [42] | |
5.24 ± 0.7 | 5.46 | 2700 | 0.20 | 12 weeks | 10 | [43] | |
4.90 ± 1.8 | 4.94 | 2700 | 0.18 | 12 weeks | 10 | ||
5.32 ± 0.74 | 5.45 | 2700 | 0.20 | 12 weeks | 9 | [44] | |
4.87 ± 1.83 | 5.05 | 2700 | 0.19 | 12 weeks | 7 | ||
4.33 * | 1.83 | 485 | 0.38 | 16 weeks | 12 | [45] | |
4.7 ± 0.9 | 3.2 | 500 | 0.64 | 5 months | 22 | [46] | |
4.29 ± 0.22 | 1.90 | 300 | 0.63 | 5 months | 23 | [47] | |
4.28 ± 0.23 | 2.54 | 600 | 0.42 | 5 months | 21 | ||
4.31 ± 0.22 | 3.22 | 900 | 0.36 | 5 months | 24 | ||
4.28 ± 0.22 | 5.21 | 1800 | 0.29 | 5 months | 24 | ||
5.5 * | 4.46 | 3360 | 0.13 | 6 months | 180 | [48] | |
4.7 ± 1.1 | 4.3 | 1000 | 0.43 | 6 months | 20 | [49] | |
3.74 ± 2.02 | 8.39 | 2520 | 0.33 | 6 months | 25 | [50] | |
KO | 3.66 ± 0.90 | 0.31 | 100 | 0.31 | 12 weeks | 53 | [51] |
3.56 ± 0.82 | 0.63 | 200 | 0.32 | 12 weeks | 53 | ||
4.00 ± 0.88 | 1.17 | 400 | 0.29 | 12 weeks | 51 | ||
3.65 ± 0.70 | 2.65 | 800 | 0.33 | 12 weeks | 58 | ||
MO | 6.5 * | 3.7 | 1600 | 0.23 | 16 weeks | 160 | [52] |
TG | 4.37 ± 0.51 | 2.43 | 500 | 0.49 | 8 weeks | 40 | [11] |
rTG | 5.24 * | 5.45 | 2700 | 0.20 | 12 weeks | 10 | [53] |
4.87 * | 5.22 | 2700 | 0.19 | 12 weeks | 10 | ||
7.11 ± 1.91 | 6.20 | 1680 | 0.37 | 6 months | 34 | [54] | |
7.0 ± 1.9 | 6.25 | 1680 | 0.37 | 6 months | 41 | [36] | |
LEM | 3.15 * | 0.95 | 657 | 0.14 | 2 weeks | 10 | [23] |
3.34 * | 1.22 | 1314 | 0.09 | 2 weeks | 8 | ||
3.14 * | 2.18 | 2628 | 0.08 | 2 weeks | 10 | ||
AG | 6.80 ± 1.93 | 4.30 | 2697 | 0.16 | 8 weeks | 39 | [26] |
Fish | 4.02 * | 2.15 | 485 | 0.44 | 16 weeks | 11 | [45] |
In all trials listed, samples were analysed with the method used in the present trial (see Methods). Abbreviations: EE = ethyl-ester, FO = fish oil, KO = krill oil, MO = microalgae oil, TG = triacylglycerides, rTG = re-esterfied triacylglycerides, LEM = liquid emulsion formulation, AG = acylglycerol; * no SD available; # no baseline EPA + DHA level available.