Table 3.
Association of cognitive symptoms with perceived stress among a cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus patients, August 2011–July 2012, by patient characteristics
| Patient characteristic | Odds ratio (95% CI),per minimal important difference in PSS score (=4.03 points)
|
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted* for sociodemographics | Adjusted* for sociodemographics + disease activity | |
| Forgetfulness (severe/moderate vs. mild/none) | |||
|
| |||
| Age | |||
| <40 | 1.74 (1.47–2.07) | 1.77 (1.47–2.12) | 1.59 (1.32–1.93) |
| 40–59 | 1.53 (1.35–1.72) | 1.55 (1.36–1.75) | 1.38 (1.20–1.58) |
| 60+ | 1.58 (1.25–1.99) | 1.59 (1.25–2.02) | 1.47 (1.13–1.91) |
| P** | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.33 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 2.99 (1.43–6.22) | 8.58 (1.74–42.3) | 9.37 (1.41–62.4) |
| Female | 1.57 (1.43–1.72) | 1.56 (1.42–1.72) | 1.40 (1.27–1.55) |
| P** | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.14 |
| Race | |||
| African-American | 1.57 (1.29–1.92) | 1.67 (1.33–2.09) | 1.43 (1.28–1.60) |
| White | 1.60 (1.45–1.77) | 1.59 (1.43–1.76) | 1.49 (1.17–1.89) |
| P** | 0.87 | 0.76 | 0.75 |
| Disease activity*** | |||
| High | 1.33 (1.18–1.51) | 1.33 (1.17–1.50) | 1.33 (1.17–1.50) |
| Low | 1.59 (1.35–1.87) | 1.61 (1.36–1.90) | 1.61 (1.36–1.90) |
| P** | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
|
| |||
| Difficulty concentrating (all/most vs. some/little/none of the time) | |||
|
| |||
| Age | |||
| <40 | 2.66 (2.02–3.51) | 2.62 (1.98–3.46) | 2.40 (1.79–3.21) |
| 40–59 | 2.18 (1.83–2.60) | 2.18 (1.83–2.60) | 1.99 (1.66–2.38) |
| 60+ | 2.93 (1.97–4.37) | 3.14 (2.04–4.84) | 3.23 (2.03–5.13) |
| P** | >0.9 | 0.88 | >0.9 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 2.44 (1.27–4.70) | 2.61 (1.19–5.72) | 1.69 (0.73–3.93) |
| Female | 2.30 (2.01–2.63) | 2.40 (2.08–2.77) | 2.22 (1.91–2.57) |
| P** | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.87 |
| Race | |||
| African-American | 2.36 (2.03–2.75) | 2.45 (2.09–2.87) | 2.26 (1.92–2.66) |
| White | 2.15 (1.63–2.83) | 2.22 (1.65–2.99) | 1.97 (1.45–2.70) |
| P** | 0.56 | 0.53 | 0.52 |
| Disease activity*** | |||
| High | 2.12 (1.79–2.50) | 2.16 (1.82–2.56) | 2.16 (1.82–2.56) |
| Low | 2.09 (1.64–2.65) | 2.33 (1.77–3.07) | 2.33 (1.77–3.07) |
| P** | 0.24 | >0.9 | >0.9 |
PSS, Perceived Stress Scale.
*
Adjusted for: sociodemographics (age group, sex, race, and education) and disease activity (Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire score, excluding the forgetfulness item).
**
P for interaction of characteristic with perceived stress score.
***
Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire score (excluding forgetfulness item) ≥15 (high) or <15 (low).