Abstract
Aerosol inhalation of Bordetella pertussis Tohama phase I resulted in a reproducible and uniform infection of mice (strain DDY or ICR). Mice in groups of 10 exposed for 30 min to aerosols generated from bacterial suspensions of 10(9) and 10(10) organisms per ml resulted in mean bacterial counts of 2.3 (+/- 0.3) X 10(4) and 1.0 (+/- 0.3) X 10(5) colony-forming units, respectively, in the lung of each animal. Subsequent studies using a 30-min aerosol inoculation of ICR mice with 2 X 10(9) bacterial cells per ml showed: (i) B. pertussis cells reached a maximum of about 10(7) colony-forming units per lung 14 days after inhalation. (ii) Deaths (10 to 100%, depending on mouse age) occurred 10 to 14 days after exposure. (iii) The lung weight and the leukocyte count increased from basal values of 100 mg and 10(4) leukocytes per mm3 to a plateau of 950 mg and 1.95 X 10(5) leukocytes per mm3, respectively, 14 days after challenge. (iv) There was a significantly reduced rate of body weight gain by infected mice compared to noninfected mice. (v) With mortality as the criterion for disease, susceptibility varied with the age of mice as follows: 10 days old greater than 18 greater than 28 greater than 49. (vi) Bacteria were associated with ciliated respiratory epithelial cells by scanning electron microscopy.
Full text
PDF





Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- ANDERSEN E. K. Some observations made during experiments on mice inoculated with H. pertussis. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1952;31(4):546–560. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1952.tb00222.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Arai H., Sato Y. Separation and characterization of two distinct hemagglutinins contained in purified leukocytosis-promoting factor from Bordetella pertussis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1976 Oct 22;444(3):765–782. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(76)90323-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Church M. A. Evidence of whooping-cough-vaccine efficacy from the 1978 whooping-cough epidemic in Hertfordshire. Lancet. 1979 Jul 28;2(8135):188–190. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(79)91447-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DOLBY J. M., STANDFAST A. F. A comparison of passive protection tests against intranasal and intracerebral challenges with Bordetella pertussis. Immunology. 1958 Apr;1(2):144–156. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DOLBY J. M., THOW D. C., STANDFAST A. F. The intranasal infection of mice with Bordetella pertussis. J Hyg (Lond) 1961 Jun;59:191–204. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400038857. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Geller B. D., Pittman M. immunoglobulin and histamine-sensitivity response of mice to live Bordetella pertussis. Infect Immun. 1973 Jul;8(1):83–90. doi: 10.1128/iai.8.1.83-90.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HUANG C. C., CHEN P. M., KUO J. K., CHIU W. H., LIN S. T., LIN H. S., LIN Y. C. Experimental Whooping cough. N Engl J Med. 1962 Jan 18;266:105–111. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196201182660301. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Iida T., Okonogi T. Lienotoxicity of Bordetella pertussis in mice. J Med Microbiol. 1971 Feb;4(1):51–61. doi: 10.1099/00222615-4-1-51. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Irons L. I., MacLennan A. P. Isolation of the lymphocytosis promoting factor-haemagglutinin of Bordetella pertussis by affinity chromatography. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1979 Sep 29;580(1):175–185. doi: 10.1016/0005-2795(79)90208-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LAGERGREN J. The white blood cell count and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in pertussis. Acta Paediatr. 1963 Jul;52:405–409. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1963.tb03798.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morse S. I., Morse J. H. Isolation and properties of the leukocytosis- and lymphocytosis-promoting factor of Bordetella pertussis. J Exp Med. 1976 Jun 1;143(6):1483–1502. doi: 10.1084/jem.143.6.1483. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Muse K. E., Collier A. M., Baseman J. B. Scanning electron microscopic study of hamster tracheal organ cultures infected with Bordetella pertussis. J Infect Dis. 1977 Dec;136(6):768–777. doi: 10.1093/infdis/136.6.768. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Olson L. C. Pertussis. Medicine (Baltimore) 1975 Nov;54(6):427–469. doi: 10.1097/00005792-197511000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PRESTON N. W., EVANS P. Type-specific immunity against intracerebral pertussis infection in mice. Nature. 1963 Feb 2;197:508–509. doi: 10.1038/197508a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Preston N. W., Stanbridge T. N. Mouse or man? Which are pertussis vaccines to protect? J Hyg (Lond) 1976 Apr;76(2):249–256. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400055145. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STANDFAST A. F. Some factors influencing the virulence for mice of Bordetella pertussis by the intracerebral route. Immunology. 1958 Apr;1(2):123–134. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sato Y., Arai H. Leucocytosis-promoting factor of Bordetella pertussis. I. Purification and characterization. Infect Immun. 1972 Dec;6(6):899–904. doi: 10.1128/iai.6.6.899-904.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Seki M., Sato Y. The effect of LPF (leukocytosis promoting factor) on the kinetics of colony forming cells. Acta Pathol Jpn. 1973 Feb;23(1):75–85. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1973.tb00776.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stanbridge T. N., Preston N. W. Experimental pertussis infection in the marmoset: type specificity of active immunity. J Hyg (Lond) 1974 Apr;72(2):213–228. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400023421. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tsukimoto I., Lampkin B. C. Lymphocyte subpopulations in pertussis. J Pediatr. 1976 May;88(5):826–828. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(76)81124-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]