Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study subjects

Variables	Dementia	pa	AD	MD	VaD	MCI	Controls	pb
	n = 205		n = 89	n = 69	n = 47	n = 113	n = 107
Age (years)	74.5 ± 8.23	0.0009	72.8 ± 8.13	76.5 ± 7.39***	74.9 ± 9.00	70.5 ± 8.89	71.3 ± 7.95	0.00001
Sex (% men)	36.6	0.852	25.8	46.4	42.6	35.4	35.5	0.095
Education ≥ 12 years (%)	66.5	0.00002	76.1*	58.0***	60.9***	83.0	88.8	<0.00001
MMSE (score)	18.1 ± 5.99	<0.00001	17.3 ± 6.17***	17.3 ± 5.76***	21.1 ± 5.12***	27.2 ± 1.96	29.2 ± 1.18	<0.00001
APOE ε4 (%)	46.5	<0.00001	56.5***	43.5***	32.6#	28.6	19.1	<0.00001
Vascular risk factors
Current smokers (%)	3.9	0.811	3.4	4.4	4.3	9.7	4.3	0.222
Hypertension (%)	58.5	0.795	47.2	58.0	80.9**	67.3	57.0	0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	26.3 ± 4.56	0.733	25.7 ± 4.49	26.4 ± 4.97	27.1 ± 3.98	27.4 ± 4.33	26.4 ± 3.84	0.056
Abdominal obesity (%)	48.8	0.551	44.9	43.5	63.8	63.7#	52.3	0.016
Cardiovascular disease (%)	33.7	0.311	12.4**	34.8	72.3***	35.4	28.0	<0.00001
Diabetes mellitus (%)	27.3	0.014	20.2	27.6*	40.4***	27.4*	15.0	0.009
MetS (%)	31.7	0.990	24.7	29.0	48.9*	39.8	31.8	0.023
Pharmacological therapy
Anti-hypertensive therapy (%)	55.1	0.639	42.7	55.1	78.7**	66.4*	52.3	0.0002
Lipid-lowering therapy (%)	40.5	0.833	39.3	34.8	51.1	46.0	39,3	0.356
Anti-diabetic therapy (%)	13.2	0.620	10.1	10.1	23.4#	22.1	11.2	0.024
Dementia therapy (%)	25.9	<0.00001	38.2	18.8	12.8	0	0	<0.00001

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviations or percentages

AD Alzheimer’s disease, APOE apolipoprotein E, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MD mixed dementia, MetS metabolic syndrome, MMSE mini mental state examination, VaD vascular dementia

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, # borderline significant (0.1 > p > 0.05) versus Controls (ANOVA Dunnet post hoc test or χ ² test)

^aStudent’s t test or χ ² test

^bANOVA or χ ² test