Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1990 Dec;87(23):9441–9444. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.23.9441

Amplification by host cell factors of a sequence contained within the herpes simplex virus 1 genome.

A E Sears 1, B Roizman 1
PMCID: PMC55181  PMID: 2174562

Abstract

We report that a cloned 1620-base-pair (bp) DNA fragment mapping in the BamHI O fragment of herpes simplex virus 1 DNA is amplified after transfection into uninfected cells. The DNA fragment maps entirely within a portion of the open reading frame encoding the large subunit of the viral ribonucleotide reductase and does not contain any of the known lytic origins of viral DNA synthesis. Amplification of this sequence in transfected cells results in accumulation of full-sized Dpn I-resistant plasmids containing the sequence in Hirt extracts of low molecular weight DNA. Subfragments of the 1620-bp fragment were not amplified, whereas larger fragments containing the intact 1620-bp fragment were amplified. The amplification of the fragment in MCF7 cells, which express steroid receptors, was stimulated by the addition of estrogen to the medium. Addition of progesterone, dexamethasone, or testosterone was ineffective. The viral genome therefore contains at least one origin of DNA synthesis capable of supporting replication of viral DNA by cellular factors. The existence of such a host origin of DNA replication in the viral genome was predicted by the hypothesis that viral DNA is amplified by cellular enzymes in sensory neurons harboring latent virus; the link between these sequences and amplification of viral DNA during latency remains to be proven.

Full text

PDF
9441

Images in this article

9442Image
on p.9442
9443Image
on p.9443
9443Image
on p.9443

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Challberg M. D. A method for identifying the viral genes required for herpesvirus DNA replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(23):9094–9098. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.23.9094. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Chen C., Okayama H. High-efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmid DNA. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Aug;7(8):2745–2752. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.8.2745. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chou J., Roizman B. The terminal a sequence of the herpes simplex virus genome contains the promoter of a gene located in the repeat sequences of the L component. J Virol. 1986 Feb;57(2):629–637. doi: 10.1128/jvi.57.2.629-637.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dobson A. T., Sederati F., Devi-Rao G., Flanagan W. M., Farrell M. J., Stevens J. G., Wagner E. K., Feldman L. T. Identification of the latency-associated transcript promoter by expression of rabbit beta-globin mRNA in mouse sensory nerve ganglia latently infected with a recombinant herpes simplex virus. J Virol. 1989 Sep;63(9):3844–3851. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.9.3844-3851.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Horwitz K. B., Zava D. T., Thilagar A. K., Jensen E. M., McGuire W. L. Steroid receptor analyses of nine human breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. 1978 Aug;38(8):2434–2437. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Jacob R. J. DNA labeled during phosphonoacetate inhibition and following its reversal in herpesvirus infected cells. Arch Virol. 1984;79(3-4):221–240. doi: 10.1007/BF01310813. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Javier R. T., Stevens J. G., Dissette V. B., Wagner E. K. A herpes simplex virus transcript abundant in latently infected neurons is dispensable for establishment of the latent state. Virology. 1988 Sep;166(1):254–257. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90169-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Jones C., Ortiz J., Jariwalla R. J. Localization and comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of the transforming domain in herpes simplex virus DNA containing repetitive genetic elements. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Oct;83(20):7855–7859. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.20.7855. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Lippman M., Bolan G., Huff K. The effects of estrogens and antiestrogens on hormone-responsive human breast cancer in long-term tissue culture. Cancer Res. 1976 Dec;36(12):4595–4601. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Lupton S., Levine A. J. Mapping genetic elements of Epstein-Barr virus that facilitate extrachromosomal persistence of Epstein-Barr virus-derived plasmids in human cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Oct;5(10):2533–2542. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2533. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Mackem S., Roizman B. Regulation of herpesvirus macromolecular synthesis: transcription-initiation sites and domains of alpha genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7122–7126. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.12.7122. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. McGeoch D. J., Dalrymple M. A., Davison A. J., Dolan A., Frame M. C., McNab D., Perry L. J., Scott J. E., Taylor P. The complete DNA sequence of the long unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Gen Virol. 1988 Jul;69(Pt 7):1531–1574. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-69-7-1531. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Mellerick D. M., Fraser N. W. Physical state of the latent herpes simplex virus genome in a mouse model system: evidence suggesting an episomal state. Virology. 1987 Jun;158(2):265–275. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90198-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mocarski E. S., Roizman B. Herpesvirus-dependent amplification and inversion of cell-associated viral thymidine kinase gene flanked by viral a sequences and linked to an origin of viral DNA replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Sep;79(18):5626–5630. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.18.5626. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Morse L. S., Pereira L., Roizman B., Schaffer P. A. Anatomy of herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA. X. Mapping of viral genes by analysis of polypeptides and functions specified by HSV-1 X HSV-2 recombinants. J Virol. 1978 May;26(2):389–410. doi: 10.1128/jvi.26.2.389-410.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Rawlins D. R., Milman G., Hayward S. D., Hayward G. S. Sequence-specific DNA binding of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA-1) to clustered sites in the plasmid maintenance region. Cell. 1985 Oct;42(3):859–868. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90282-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Reedman B. M., Klein G. Cellular localization of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated complement-fixing antigen in producer and non-producer lymphoblastoid cell lines. Int J Cancer. 1973 May;11(3):499–520. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910110302. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Roizman B., Sears A. E. An inquiry into the mechanisms of herpes simplex virus latency. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1987;41:543–571. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.41.100187.002551. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Stevens J. G., Cook M. L. Latent herpes simplex virus in spinal ganglia of mice. Science. 1971 Aug 27;173(3999):843–845. doi: 10.1126/science.173.3999.843. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Stow N. D. Localization of an origin of DNA replication within the TRS/IRS repeated region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome. EMBO J. 1982;1(7):863–867. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1982.tb01261.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Summers W. C., Klein G. Inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus DNA synthesis and late gene expression by phosphonoacetic acid. J Virol. 1976 Apr;18(1):151–155. doi: 10.1128/jvi.18.1.151-155.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Swain M. A., Galloway D. A. Herpes simplex virus specifies two subunits of ribonucleotide reductase encoded by 3'-coterminal transcripts. J Virol. 1986 Mar;57(3):802–808. doi: 10.1128/jvi.57.3.802-808.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Weller S. K., Spadaro A., Schaffer J. E., Murray A. W., Maxam A. M., Schaffer P. A. Cloning, sequencing, and functional analysis of oriL, a herpes simplex virus type 1 origin of DNA synthesis. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 May;5(5):930–942. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.5.930. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Yates J. L., Warren N., Sugden B. Stable replication of plasmids derived from Epstein-Barr virus in various mammalian cells. 1985 Feb 28-Mar 6Nature. 313(6005):812–815. doi: 10.1038/313812a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES