E6020 microinjection (MI) induced intraspinal OPC proliferation. (a) Quantification of NG2+/BrdU+ cells in the ipsilateral spinal cord. On day 1 animals received BrdU at 1, 2, and 4 hr post-MI; on day 7 animals received BrdU at 1 hr post-MI and daily through 7 days. At day 1 post-MI, there were few BrdU+ NG2 cells, but by day 7, E6020-treated tissue (striped bars) had significantly more dividing OPCs than the vehicle group (black bars). Representative images of NG2 (gray)/BrdU (brown) immunohistochemistry at day 7 in vehicle (b) and E6020 tissue (c) in the lateral WM show many BrdU+ cells (arrows) adjacent to the injection site after TLR4 agonist but not vehicle treatment. Red box on schematic (b) outlines location of representative images. ***p <.001 vs. vehicle. Scale bars = 50 µm (b, c). Data are mean ± SEM. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]