Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The EMBO Journal logoLink to The EMBO Journal
. 1990 Dec;9(13):4339–4346. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07883.x

Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein phosphatase 2A performs an essential cellular function and is encoded by two genes.

A A Sneddon 1, P T Cohen 1, M J Stark 1
PMCID: PMC552220  PMID: 2176150

Abstract

Two genes (PPH21 and PPH22) encoding the yeast homologues of protein serine-threonine phosphatase 2A have been cloned from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic library using a rabbit protein phosphatase 2A cDNA as a hybridization probe. The PPH genes are genetically linked on chromosome IV and are predicted to encode polypeptides each with 74% amino acid sequence identity to rabbit type 2A protein phosphatase, indicating once again the extraordinarily high degree of sequence conservation shown by protein-phosphatases from different species. The two PPH genes show less than 10% amino acid sequence divergence from each other and while disruption of either PPH gene alone is without any major effect, the double disruption is lethal. This indicates that protein phosphatase 2A activity is an essential cellular function in yeast. Measurement of type 2A protein phosphatase activity in yeast strains lacking one or other of the genes indicates that they account for most, if not all, protein phosphatase 2A activity in the cell.

Full text

PDF
4339

Images in this article

4342Fig. 5.
on p.4342

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arndt K. T., Styles C. A., Fink G. R. A suppressor of a HIS4 transcriptional defect encodes a protein with homology to the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatases. Cell. 1989 Feb 24;56(4):527–537. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90576-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Arndt K. T., Styles C., Fink G. R. Multiple global regulators control HIS4 transcription in yeast. Science. 1987 Aug 21;237(4817):874–880. doi: 10.1126/science.3303332. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Axton J. M., Dombrádi V., Cohen P. T., Glover D. M. One of the protein phosphatase 1 isoenzymes in Drosophila is essential for mitosis. Cell. 1990 Oct 5;63(1):33–46. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90286-n. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bennetzen J. L., Hall B. D. Codon selection in yeast. J Biol Chem. 1982 Mar 25;257(6):3026–3031. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Berndt N., Campbell D. G., Caudwell F. B., Cohen P., da Cruz e Silva E. F., da Cruz e Silva O. B., Cohen P. T. Isolation and sequence analysis of a cDNA clone encoding a type-1 protein phosphatase catalytic subunit: homology with protein phosphatase 2A. FEBS Lett. 1987 Nov 2;223(2):340–346. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80316-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cohen P. T., Brewis N. D., Hughes V., Mann D. J. Protein serine/threonine phosphatases; an expanding family. FEBS Lett. 1990 Aug 1;268(2):355–359. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)81285-v. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cohen P., Cohen P. T. Protein phosphatases come of age. J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 25;264(36):21435–21438. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cohen P., Klumpp S., Schelling D. L. An improved procedure for identifying and quantitating protein phosphatases in mammalian tissues. FEBS Lett. 1989 Jul 3;250(2):596–600. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80803-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Cohen P., Schelling D. L., Stark M. J. Remarkable similarities between yeast and mammalian protein phosphatases. FEBS Lett. 1989 Jul 3;250(2):601–606. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80804-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Cohen P. The structure and regulation of protein phosphatases. Annu Rev Biochem. 1989;58:453–508. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.58.070189.002321. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Cyert M. S., Thorner J. Putting it on and taking it off: phosphoprotein phosphatase involvement in cell cycle regulation. Cell. 1989 Jun 16;57(6):891–893. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90325-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Devereux J., Haeberli P., Smithies O. A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 11;12(1 Pt 1):387–395. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.1part1.387. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Dombrádi V., Axton J. M., Glover D. M., Cohen P. T. Cloning and chromosomal localization of Drosophila cDNA encoding the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 alpha. High conservation between mammalian and insect sequences. Eur J Biochem. 1989 Aug 15;183(3):603–610. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb21089.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Doonan J. H., Morris N. R. The bimG gene of Aspergillus nidulans, required for completion of anaphase, encodes a homolog of mammalian phosphoprotein phosphatase 1. Cell. 1989 Jun 16;57(6):987–996. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90337-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Elion E. A., Grisafi P. L., Fink G. R. FUS3 encodes a cdc2+/CDC28-related kinase required for the transition from mitosis into conjugation. Cell. 1990 Feb 23;60(4):649–664. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90668-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal Biochem. 1983 Jul 1;132(1):6–13. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90418-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Félix M. A., Cohen P., Karsenti E. Cdc2 H1 kinase is negatively regulated by a type 2A phosphatase in the Xenopus early embryonic cell cycle: evidence from the effects of okadaic acid. EMBO J. 1990 Mar;9(3):675–683. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08159.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hamilton R., Watanabe C. K., de Boer H. A. Compilation and comparison of the sequence context around the AUG startcodons in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Apr 24;15(8):3581–3593. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.8.3581. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Ito H., Fukuda Y., Murata K., Kimura A. Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations. J Bacteriol. 1983 Jan;153(1):163–168. doi: 10.1128/jb.153.1.163-168.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kaiser C. A., Preuss D., Grisafi P., Botstein D. Many random sequences functionally replace the secretion signal sequence of yeast invertase. Science. 1987 Jan 16;235(4786):312–317. doi: 10.1126/science.3541205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Ohkura H., Kinoshita N., Miyatani S., Toda T., Yanagida M. The fission yeast dis2+ gene required for chromosome disjoining encodes one of two putative type 1 protein phosphatases. Cell. 1989 Jun 16;57(6):997–1007. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90338-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Roise D., Theiler F., Horvath S. J., Tomich J. M., Richards J. H., Allison D. S., Schatz G. Amphiphilicity is essential for mitochondrial presequence function. EMBO J. 1988 Mar;7(3):649–653. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02859.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Staden R. Automation of the computer handling of gel reading data produced by the shotgun method of DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Aug 11;10(15):4731–4751. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.15.4731. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Stark M. J., Milner J. S. Cloning and analysis of the Kluyveromyces lactis TRP1 gene: a chromosomal locus flanked by genes encoding inorganic pyrophosphatase and histone H3. Yeast. 1989 Jan-Feb;5(1):35–50. doi: 10.1002/yea.320050106. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Toda T., Cameron S., Sass P., Zoller M., Scott J. D., McMullen B., Hurwitz M., Krebs E. G., Wigler M. Cloning and characterization of BCY1, a locus encoding a regulatory subunit of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Apr;7(4):1371–1377. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.4.1371. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Toda T., Cameron S., Sass P., Zoller M., Wigler M. Three different genes in S. cerevisiae encode the catalytic subunits of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Cell. 1987 Jul 17;50(2):277–287. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90223-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Underwood M. R., Fried H. M. Characterization of nuclear localizing sequences derived from yeast ribosomal protein L29. EMBO J. 1990 Jan;9(1):91–99. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08084.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. da Cruz e Silva O. B., Alemany S., Campbell D. G., Cohen P. T. Isolation and sequence analysis of a cDNA clone encoding the entire catalytic subunit of a type-2A protein phosphatase. FEBS Lett. 1987 Sep 14;221(2):415–422. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80966-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. da Cruz e Silva O. B., da Cruz e Silva E. F., Cohen P. T. Identification of a novel protein phosphatase catalytic subunit by cDNA cloning. FEBS Lett. 1988 Dec 19;242(1):106–110. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80995-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The EMBO Journal are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group

RESOURCES